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OR,

ANCIENT TENURES
OF LAND,

JOCULAR CUSTOMS OF MANORS.

ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED'

BY THOMAS BLOUNT, ESQ.

OF THE INNER TEMPLE.
ENLARGED AND . CORRECTEP

BY JOSIAH BECKWITH, GENT. FAS.

■WITH CONSIDERABLE

ADDITIONS from: AUTHENTIC SOURCES,

-•- BY •;;•.;/.-

HERCULES MALEBYSSE BECKWITH.

" I do marvel many times that my Lord Coke, adorning our Law with so many Flowers of
Antiqnity and Foreign Learning,, hath not turned into this field, from whence so many roots
of our Law have been taken and transplanted."

&PEI.M, Oric, of Terms, c. viii.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY S. BROOKE, PATERNOSTER-ROW,
FOR

MESSRS. EUTTERWORTH AND SON, FLEET-STREET ; LONGMAN, HURST, REES,
ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND REED AND
HUNTER, BELL- YARD, LINCOLN'S INN.

TO ^

THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLO^yS,

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIEvS

OF LONDON,.

THIS ^ENLARGED AND IMPROVED EDITION,

BLOUNT S FRAGMENTA ANTIQUITATIS,

IS, WITH GREAT RESPECT,.

DEDICATEDi
BY
THEIR MOST OBEDIENT,.

HUMBLE SERVANT,

H M. BECKWTTH.

i V ]

SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR.

As readers generally like to acquire some knowledge of the life and cir-
cumstances of the authors they read, it may not be unacceptable to
them to find some short account of Mr, Thomas Blount, in this place. Now,
as Mr. Blount was neither an eminent Statesman, nor a great Churchman, but
ranked merely in the line of voluminous and useful writers, for such he un-
doubtedly was in his time, little can be drawn concerning him from any other
source, than Anthony a Wood's Athenee, and thence we haye accordingly
transcribed the following account.

" Thomas Blount, son of Myles Blount, of Orleton, m Herefordshire, the
fifth son of Roger Blount, of Monkland, in the same county, was born at
Bordesley, in Worcestershire, (about A. D. 1619.) being of a younger house,
of an antient* and noble family of his name, but never advantaged in learning
Ijy the help of an University, only his own genius and industry, together with
the helps of his scholastical acquaintance during his continuance in the Temple,
before and after he was a barrister.

^ His writings are many, and some perhaps not fit here to be put down ;
among which are,

1. " The Academy of Eloquence, containing a complete English Rhetoric.
Printed at London in the time of the rebellion; and several times after.

3. " Glossographia ; or, a Dictionary interpreting sucih hard Words, whe-
tlier Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, &c, that are now used in our refined
English Tongue, &c. London, 1656, octavo, published several times after
with additions and amendments,

* See more of his family in the third impression of Hen. Peacham's Complete Gentleman, &c.
London, 4to. l66l, p. .230, 231, which Discourse ;there of Blount's family, was drawn up by this
Tho. Blount, and put intoihe hands of the publisher of the said third impression of Peacham.

3. « Tke

[ « 3

3. " The Lamps of tlie Law, and Lights of the Gospel ; or, the Titles of
some late Spiritual, Polemical, and Metaphysical new Books. London, 1653,
in 8vo. written in imitation of J. Birkenhead's Paul's Church-yard, and pub-
lished under the name of Grass and Hay withers.

4. " Boscobel ; or, the History of his Majesty's Escape after the Battle of
Worcester, 3d September, 1651. London, 1660, in 8vo. ; there again 1680,
in 8vo. third edition, translated into French and Portuguese ; the last of which
was done by Peter Gifford, of White Ladies, in Staffordshire, a Roman Ca-
tholic. Vide No. 11.

5. " The Catholic Almanack, for 1661, 62, 63, &c. which selling not so well'
as Joh. Booker's Almanack did, he therefore wrote,

6. " Booker rebuked ; or, Animadversions on Booker's Teiescopium Ura-
nicum or Ephemeris, 1665, which is very erroneous, &c. London, 1665,
quarto, in one sheet, which made much sport among people, having had the
assistance therein of Jo. Sargeant and Jo. Austen.

7. " A Law Dictionary, interpreting such difficult and obscure Words and
Terms as are found either in our Common or Statute, antient or modern
Laws. London, 1671, fol. There again in 1691, with some Corrections, and
the addition of above 600 \^ords. (This is the No/xoAf^ixov.)

8. " Animadversions upon Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle and its Continua-
tion, &c. Oxon, 1672, 8vo.

9. " A World of Errors discovered in the New World of Words, &c.
London, 1673, fol, written against Edw. Philips his book, entitled, A NeAV
World of English Words.

10. " Fragmenta Antiquitatis, antient Tenures of Land, and Jocular Cus-
toms of some Manors, &c. London, 1679, 8vo.

11. *' Boscobel, &c, the second part, London, 1681, 8vo, to which is
added, Claustrum regale reseratum ; or, the King's Concealment at Trent, in
Somersetshire, published by Mrs. Anne Windham, of Trent. (See No. 4.)

" Our

'" Our author Blount also wrote Animadversions upon Britannia, written by
R. Blome, but whether printed I cannot tell; and translated from French
into English, the Art of making Devises. London, 1646, and 50, in quarto,
written originally by Hen. Estienne, Lord of Fossez ; to which Blount added,
A Catalogue of Coro»et Devisfep, both on the iKipg's wd Pp-rUament's Side,
in the late Wars.

" At length, upon the breaking oiit of the Popish Plot, being much af-
frighted by the violent current of that time, (he himself being a zealous Ro-
liaan Catholic) he contracted the Palsy, as by his last letter sent to me, dat^tl
28th April, 1679, I was informsd, adding therein, that he had then quitted
all books except those of devotion. On the 26th of December following, be*-
ing St. Stephen's Day, he died at Orleton, in Herefordshire, (where he had
a fair and plentiful estate) in the year of his age 61, and was buried in th*
church there, and soon after had a comely monument put over his grave by
Anne, his relict, daughter of Edmund Church, of Maldon, in Essex, Esquire.
He th«i left behind him an imperfect Chronicle of England, which he and
J, B. (that's all I know of him, for Mr. Blount would nevei* tell me his
name) had for several years been compiling ; but what became of it after?'

wards I cannot telL"

Woop, Athen, Oxon. IL col. 73.

MR.

C viii ]

MR. BLOUNT TO THE READER.

"l^[^HILST I was perusing many of our both public and private records
~ * for other ends, I thought a small Collection of some remarkable Tenures
of land, and unusual Customs of some Manors, might not be unacceptable to
the studious, who, when weary with poring upon Littleton's Tenures, and his
learned Commentator, might relaxere fibulam by recurring to these, and
smile at the inoffensive mirth both of our Kings, in former times, and lords
of manors in creating them j some of which, I confess, are since converted
into a rent, having a Modo Arrentattir entered in the record, others are by
length of time disused, and others yet remain in force : as, not long since, I
had the curiosity to ask an old officer in the Exchequer, whether he ever
i-emembered any herring pies paid to the King for the manor of Carlton, in
Norfolk ? Yes, very well, answered he, for we had some of them in court
among us here last term. Nor does the late act of parliament (stat. 12
Car. II. cap. 21.) for taking away all tenures by knight's service and capite,
extend to the discharging the honorary services of Grand Serjeanty, other
than of wardship, marriage, &c. but are left standing on their whole foun-
dation by a particular proviso in that act.

Neither are tlsese kind of tenures unusual in other countries ; for we read
of a queen of Haugary, who, upon her death bed, bequeathed the city and
province of Altenburg to one of the lords of her court, upon condition that
he and his successors should always keep a certain number of peacocks ; in
defect whereof the territory should revert to the crown.

My first intention was to render all the recoi'ds in English ; but, upon
second thoughts, I judge the original words would be more acceptable both to
the learned and learner; and for the help of the latter, have explained (to
the best of my skill) those of any difficulty, at least as many of them as I
could, for some I believe may pose the ablest glossographer now living ; as
Warocks, Muta deynectorum Canum, Heymectis, Cyppos, Berbiagium,

Chacuros,

C i't ]

Chacuros, Sensas, Muta Vini, and Gruna Vini, &c,* Or, to speak more
truly, I took them as I found them, some out of the very records, others ex-
tracted thence, and translated to my hand ; for I was not willing to spend
very much time in rem levem, as Sir Henry Spelman words it upon a like
occasion. And yet, as light as the subject may seem to be, I am very well
informed, that Attorney-General Noy had, a little before his death, bespoke
a copy of all the tenures by serjeanty, remaining upon record j 'tis like he
judged them useful, or divertising, or both,

I have purposely omitted, or but rarely mentioned, those inore common^
teniires, whereby the owner was obliged to deliver, yearly, into the Exche-
quer, a mew'd sparhawk, a pair of spurs, gloves, or the like, of wliich kind
I met with many, and held them not for my purpose,^ which was to take m^
none but what were in some respect or other remarkable- Nor must I forget
to advertise the reader, that the names of divers manors and places,, here
mentioned, are written otherwise now than they were of old, which the know-
ing in each county will easily reconcile.

And however others may like of this essay, some gentlemen of antient
descent, I presume, will be well enough pleased to see their ancestors names
thus revived, and transmitted from our seldom seen records to a more public
register. Nothing of this nature having, to my knowledge, been ever, till
now, made public. And I will be bold to say, the students in Law-Latin and
Becord-Learningy sha^U not aay where find so much singular of that kind
collected in so snaaU a volmiae^

Leger ride,: Usee.

THO. BLOUNT.

* An explanation, however, of some of these, will be attempted in their places.

MR,

[ ^ 3

MR. BECKWJTirS PREFACE.

[ 1784. ]

T^EMANDS being repeatedly made, and almost as often disappointed,
for copies of this curious book, commonly known by the name of
Blount's Tenures; which, indeed, after a flux of more than an hundred
5'ears, are become exceeding scarce, a larg-e number of my friends, as well as
myself, have thought it might prove an acceptable piece of service to the
public to recal it to the press> These gentlemen, conceiving some favour-
able sentiments, not of my abilities, which I acknowledge are but slender,
but of my diligence and application, have accordingly been induced to im-
pose the task of revising the woj-k upon me ; and I, more in compliance
with their request, than from any confidence I could presume to repose in
my own qualifications, have adventured to ,embai'k in the undertaking.

Now, in order to give this edition certain im'provements, which were
thought not only necessary, but might reasonably be expected by the reader,
I have, in the first place, arranged Mr. Blojint's materials, which are all
herje preserved entice, in a cleax'er and more commodious manner than they
now appear in his own edition of 1679^

2dl\', The records, which heretofore were only given in Law-Latin., or
French, are here, according to the best of the Editor's skill, rendered into
English, and he submits his translations, with all deference, together with the
notes marked with the letter E, and those mot marked, to the candour and
impartiality of his readers, whose favour, in this regard, he earnestly
bespeaks and solicits. In respect of the translations, he begs leave to observe
further, that an English version of the several extracts fr«m charters, &c.

appeared

■[ ,»i ]
appeared to him more necessary now, than in the last century, when Mr.
'Blount misde hi? compilation ; because the law being then in Latin, and the
reports for the most paxt in French, those. languages were more studied at that
time, than they can be supposed to ]be at present.

The Editor, 3dly, has endeavoured, with the help of his learned friends, to
elucidate such difficult, either Words or Ehrases, as appear to haA^e been unin-
telligible to, or misunderstood by Mr. Blount ; and yet at last, notwithstand-
ing all his labour and pains upon this head, some terms remain still, through
the Editor's incapacity, without explanation, which consequently must be de-
livered over to the greater sagacity of the intelligent readers.

But, 4thly, what the Editor values himself most upon, are, the many ad-
ditions and improvements which; by the favour of his friends, he has been
enabled to make to Mr. Blount's work. These he justly esteems the most
Valuable part of his performance, and they are owing to the communications
and contributions of his much-respected friend and benefactor, Francis Fer-
rand Foljambe, of Aldwarke, co. Ebor. Esq. ; of whose inestimable MSS.
he has been indulged with the perusal, and thence has made many very
important extracts* : also of the learned and Rev. Mr. Sam. Pegge, F. S. A.
and Rector of Whittington, in Derbyshire, whose copious annotations *, &c.
are marked P. Of George Allan, of Darlington, Esq. F. S. A. to whom
he is indebted for many tenures in the Bishopric of Durham *, and the notes
marked A. Of R. Gough, Esq. Director of the Society of Antiquaries,
and F. R. S. for a transcript of the late Bishop Kennett's notes on Blount's
Tenures ; moreover, of Thomas Astle, Esq. Chief Clerk of the records in the
Tower, F. R. and A. S. S. Of the late Rev. Mr, John Watson, Rector of
Stockport, in Cheshire, F. S. A. for various articles, all properly denoted :
also, of the late John Wilson, Esq. of Broomhead, a gentleman of great
knowledge in antiquities ; and lastly, of Henry Atkinson, of Ripen, Esq. &c.

• Many of these, as well as several favours of the like kind, from his friends and correspondents,
the Editor has been unavoidably obliged to omit for want of room ; but should a second volume of
Ibis work be published, they shall be then inserted.

^2 ri^j^e

[ "" ]

The Editor is extremely desirous of making- his siticerest acknowledgments
to these gentlemen for their friendly communications, which he does the more
readily and gratefully, as he is sensible that the very mentidn of their names
confers the greatest honour upon himself.

To conclude; notwithstanding these material additions to Mr. Blount's
■work, the Editor, in the researches he found it necessary to make preparatory
to his committing the work to the press, (which have greatly retarded tlie
publication of it) and through the further communications of his learned
friends, has already collected upwards of three hundred curious Tenures and
Customs, &c. more than are here exhibited. If, therefore, he meets with
suitable encouragement in this his first essay, a second volume, or continua-
tion, of the subject, may, probably, hereafter make its appearance ; but thi^
depends entirely on the reception given to the present attempt.

THE

C "M 3

THE

PRESENT EDITOR'S PREFACE.

*^ I ^Hte Editor bf this enlarged edition of a work which owes its prin-
cipal success to the reputation of the! first compiler, has been induced,
by considerations similar to those which actuated his father, above thirty
years ago, to republish it in the present augmented state.

The late Mr. Beckwith had collected upwards of three hvmdred various
Tenures subsequent to the publication of the last edition, witli a view of
rendering the work more perfect at a future period. In the course of that
collection he received some valuable communications from various learned
friends, and particularly respecting the tenures in the Bishopric of Durham,
from the late Dr. Pegge, the respected Rector of Whittington, in Derbyshire,
from whom also the present Editor has subsequently derived additional infor-
mation. The principal part of the valuable matter thus obtained, has been
placed in the notes, with the initial of Doctor Pegge's name subjoined.

The letter W. has been added to other of the annotations, in order to
draw the attention of the reader to some interesting particulars kindly fur-
nished by Sir Patrick Walker, his Majesty's Gentleman Usher of the White
Rod.

These form, however, but a small portion of the numerous favours con-
ferred by several valued and esteemed friends in communications towards
forming this extended work, which the Editor feels confident will acquire

additional

[ xiv ]

additional interest with the learned reader, from having- to number amongst
its contributors several gentlemen of the highest celebrity for their attain-
ments in antiquarian research.

Possessing thefse advantages, it is not without a considerable degree of
confidence that the Editor presents his work to the public. The very great
labour of research bestowed upon it by his father and himself, will be amply-
compensated by their approbation, which he has little doubt they will freely
-grant, should it be found to possess such a portion of information and utility
as to entitle itself to their respect.

A TABLE

C XV j

TABLE OF THE CONTENTS.

CAP. I.

OF GRAND SEHJEANTY.

Page
Section I. A Definition of the Tenure by ■Grand Serjeanty, .... i

II. Of Grand Serjeanties performed at the Coronation of the Kings and

Queens of England and Scotland, by the Great Officers of State,

and others, in respect of their Offices; or of Baronies, Lands, or

Tenements, now, or formerly annexed thereto, .... 2

III. Of Grand Serjeanties performed at the Coronation of the Kings and

Q,ueens of England, by Persons in respect of Manors, hands, or
Tenements, ....... 39

IV, Of .Grand Serjeanties performed, in respect of Manors, Lands, or Tene-

ments, at other Times, and on other Occasions than the Coronations

of the Kings and Queens of England, . . • « 72

CAP. IL

OF PETIT SEEJEANTY.

Section I. A Definition of the Tenure by Petit Serjeanty, . ^ . , 98

11. Of Petit Serjeanty by finding Horsemen for the Wars, ... 99

III. Of Petit Serjeanties by Jinding Footmen for the Wars, . , ', 113

IV. Of Petit Serjeanties by finding Horses, SjC.for the Wars, . , . 131
V. Of Petit Serjeanties by finding Arms for the' King in his Wars, S^c. , 145

VI. Cf Petit Serjeanties, performed in the King's Household, and by fading

fiim with Clothes and Provisions, S^e, , , . . - * . 1 80
FII. Of Petit Serjeanties performed by keeping and taking Care of the King's

Laundresses, Women, ^c. . . ..... 208

VIII. Of Petit Serjeanties relating to the Execmtion of the Laus, . . 215
JX. Of Petit Serjeanties performed by keeping the King's Forests, Chaces,

and Parks, and by hunting, finding, and keeping of Dogs, S^c. . 2S0

Section

C xvi ]

Sr.CTioN X. Of Petit Serjeanties, performed by keeping for, and delivering Hatcks

l^c. to, the King,

XI. Of Petit Serjeanties, by Religious Services, ....
XII. Of Petit Serjeanties relating to the providing of Ships, Boats, Sfc.

XIII. Of Petit Serjeanties performed by manual Labour, ^c.

XIV. Of Lands formerly held of the Crown by various other Tenures,

Pug--'

263
281
287
293
308

CAP. III.

OF LANDS HELD OF SUBJECTS BY SERVICES OF THE
NATURE OF GRAND AND PETIT SERJEANT Y, &c.

pECTioj* I. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Palatines, exercising Regal Authority
within the Kingdom, by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit

Seijeanti/, Isc 343

II. Of Lands held of Temporal Palatines, exercising Regal Authority within
the Kingdom, by Services of the Nature of Grand and Petit Ser-

jeanty, 8sc. 380

III. Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Lords by Services of the Nature of

Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S(c. ...... 393

iV. Of Lands held of Temporal Lords by Services of the Nature of Grand

and Petit Serjeanty, Sfc. . . . . . . . . 412

V, Of Lands held by ViUenag^ Tenure, ...... 464

CAP. IV

Section I. Customs of Manors, 501

II. Ancient Modes of Trial, and Punishment of Offenders, . . . 641

III. Ancient Forms of Grants, . 66a

IV. Reliefs and Fines on Admission to Lands, S;c. 668

Appendix.

Index to the Names of Places.

Index of the Names of Persons.

Index of the Obsolete and difficult Words and Phrases, Customs, ^c.

FRAGMENTA

FRAGMENTA ANTIQUITATIS.

. ^ ■ ~ CAP. I.

OF GRAND SERJEANTY

SECT. I.

A Definition of the Tenure hy. Grand Serjeanty.

npENURE by Grand Serjeanty, is, where a man holds his lands
or tenements of our sovereign lord the King, by such services
as he ought to do in his proper person to the King ; as to carry the
banner of the King, or his lance, or to lead his army, or to be his
marshal, or to carry his sword before him at his Coronation, or to
be his sewer at his Coronation, or his carver, or his butler, or to be
one of his chamberlains of the receipt of his exchequer, or to do
other like services, &c. And the cause why this service is called
Grand Serjeanty, is, for that it is a greater and more worthy service
than the service in the tenure of escuage. For he which holdeth
by escuage, is not limited by his tenure to do any more especial
siervice than any other which holdeth by escuage ought to do :
but he which holdeth by Grand Serjeanty ought to do some special
service to the King, which he that holds by escuage ought not to
do*.

* Littleton's Tenures, sect 15S.

B SECT.

SECT. II.

Of Grand Seijeanfies performed at the Coronation of the

Kings and Queens of England and Scotland, hy the

Great Officers of State, and others, in respect of their

Offices ; or of Baro7iies, Lands, or Tenements, now, or

formerly annexed thereto. And first, of

THE LORD HIGH-STEWARD OF ENGLAND ;

The first great officer of the crown, according to the account of
our ancestors ; called also viceroy or lieutenant.

Previous to every Coronation he has a commission under the
great seal, hac vice, to hear and determine the claims for Grand
Serjeanty, and other honourable services, to be done at the Coro-
nation, for the solemnization thereof; for which purpose he holds
his court some convenient time before the Coronation.

At the Coronation he marches immediately before the King,
above all other officers of the crown, and bears in his hand St.
Edward's crown.

The oth^r parts of his office, respecting the trials of peers of
the realm, &c. do not properly belong to this treatise, and therefore
shall be omitted.

The

The office of Lord High Steward of England is of great antiquity,
and was before the conquest, for in the Grand Customier de Nor-
mandy, it is said that Godwin, Earl of Kent, in the time of King
Edward the Confessor, for his evil deeds and counsels was ad-
judged by the Steward of England, and forfeited his earldom*.

In the time of the Conqueror, William Fitz-Eustace was Steward
of England. And in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I.
Hugh de Grantesmenel, Baron of Hinkley, held that barony by
the said office^

Of antient time this office was of inheritance, and appertained to
the earldom of Leicester, as it also appears by the said Customier;
though other records testify that it belonged to the

BARONY OF HINKLET.

The truth is, that Hinkley was parcel of the possessions of the
Earl of Leicester ; for Robert Bellomont, in the reign of Henry II.
married Petronilla, daughter and heir of the said Hugh Grantes-
pienel. Baron of Hinkley, and Lord Steward of England, and in
her right was Steward of England; and so it continued in that
family, until by the forfeiture of Simon de Mountfort, Earl of Lei-
cester, and grandson of the said Petronilla, it came, in 1265, to
King Henry HI. who, in the 50th year of his reign, (1266) created

*SicutacciditGodwinoComitiKanciae,tem- et conciliis suis (per Seneschallum. Anglia)

pore Regis Edwardi antecessoris' Willielmi adjudicatus et forisfecit comitivam suam. Cust,-

Pucis Normandiae, pro hujusmodi male gestia de Norm. Cap. x.-4 Inst. 58.

B 2 his

ins second son Edmund, surnamed Crouchback, Earl of Leicester,
Baron of Hinkley, and High Steward of England, and also Earl of
Lancaster, Derby and Lincoln. He was succeeded by his eldest
5on Thomas^ Mho being beheaded at Pontefract, in the year 1322,
was succeeded by his brother Henry, who, in the 9th year of the
reign of King Edward HI. had a grant from that King of the office
of Steward of England, to him and the heirs of his body. This
Henry was succeeded by his son Henry, surnamed Grismund, from
the place of his birth (Grismund Castle in Monmouthshire) and
Tort col. or Wry-Neck, who was created Duke of Lancaster by
King Edward HI. and he by his two daughters, Maud and Blanch,
the elder of whom married Wilham V. Duke of Bayaria, Earl of
Hainault, Holland, Zeland and Friezland, who died without issue ;
and the younger, Blanch, was married to John of Gaunt, fourth son
of King Edward III. who, in her right, succeeded as Steward of
England, and exercised that office at the Coronation of King
Richard U. His son Henry, surnamed of Bolinbroke, was the last
that had any estate of inheritance in the office of the Steward of
England, for upon the deposing of King Richard, he succeeded
him in the throne, and the office of Steward became vested in the
crown ; since which time it has never been granted to any subject,
but only hac vice.

The first who was created h4c vice was Thomas, second son to
King Henry IV. (afterwards Earl of Albemarle and Duke of Cla-
' rence), who, previous to his father's Coronation, sat as Lord High
Steward of England, by the King s commandment, in the White-
hall of the King s palace at Westminster, and, as belonging to his
office, he caused enquiry to be made what offices were to be exer-
cised

cised by any manner of persons, on the day of the King's Corona-
tion, and what fees were belonging to the same ; " causing procla-
mation to be made that what nobleman or other, that could claime
any office that day of the solemnizing the King's Coronation, they
should come, and put in their bylles comprehending their de-
maundz ; whereupon divers offices and fees were claimed, as well
by bylles, as otherwise, by speech of mouth*."

At that Coronation the said Lord Thomas, as Steward of England^
claimed and had for his foe the vessels of wine that lay under the
bar ; notwithstanding that the same were claimed by Thomas Earl
of Arundel, as chief butler of England -j-.

The reason why the office of Steward of England has never, since
it merged in the crown, been granted to any subject, but only h^c
vice, was because his power was so transcendent that it was not held
fit to be in any subject's hands : for his office was to oversee and
rule, under the King, and immediately after the King, the whole
kingdom of England, and all the ministers of the law within the
kingdom, both in times of peace and war, &c. :J;

When the Lord High Steward sits by force of his office, he sits
tinder a cloth oS estate, and such as direct their speech to him
say, " Please your Grace my Lord High Steward of England §."

* Cromp. Jurisdict 84, b. post regem, totum regnUm Angliae, et omnes

f Ibid. 85, b. ministros leguni infra idem regnum temporibus

% Et sciendum est quod ejus officium est pacis et guerrarum, &c,

supervidere et regulare sub rege et immediate § 4 Inst. 59.

The

The stile of the said John of Gaunt was, John, son of the King
of England, King of Leon and Castile, Duke of Aquitaine ancF
Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Steward of Eng-
land *.

The other Great Officers of the Crown are,

2. The Lord High Chancellor.
S. The Lord High Treasurer.

4. The Lord President of the Council.

5. The Lord Privy Seal.

6. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England.

7. The Lord High Constable of England.

8. The Earl Marshal of England. And

9. The Lord High Admiral.

But as I do not find that any of these great officers, except the
Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Constable, and the Earl
Marshal, perform any honourary services at the Coronation, either
in respect of their offices, or of any baronies, lands or tenements
now or formerly annexed thereto, I shall pass by the four first, and
the last, and begin with

THE LORD GREAT CILiMBERLAIN OF ENGLAND,

"Whose office is also of great antiquity. To him belongs livery
and lodo-ino- in the King's court, and certain fees due from each

* Joliannes filius Regis Angliaej Rex Legionis Derbise^ Lincolniae, et Leicestriae, Seneschallus
et Castellffi, Dux Aquitaniseet Lancastriae,Comes Angliae. 4 lust. 59.

archbishop

(tttchbishop and bishop, when they do homage or fealty to the King,
and from all the peers of the realm at their creation, or when they
do homage or fealty ] and at the Coronation of every King he is to
have forty ells of crimson velvet for his own robes ] and on the Go-
ronation-day, before the King rises, he is to bring his shirt, coif, and
wearing-clothes, and after the King is by him apparelled and gone
forth, to have his bed, and all the furniture of his bed-chamber, for
his fees, and all the King's night apparel ; and to carry at the Coro-
nation the coif, gloves, and linen to be used by the King upon that
occasion ; also the sword and scabbard, and the gold to be offered
by the King, and the robe-royal, and crown, and to undress and
attire the King with the robes-royal, and to serve the King that day
with water to wash his hands, and to have the bason and towels for
his fees, &c. *

To him belongs the government of the whole palace of Westmin-
ster ; he also issues out his warrants for the preparing, fitting, and
furnishing of Westminster-hall against Coronations, &c. The
Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, the yeoman usher and door-
keepers are under his command -f".

He disposes of the sword of state to what Lord he pleases, to be
carried before the King when he comes to the parliament, and goes
on the right hand of the sword, next to the King's person, and the
Lord Marshal on the left J»

Upon all solemn occasions the keys of Westminster-hall, and the

* Chamberlayiie's present State of Great + Ibid.

Britain, part I. lib. II. cap. 11. J Ibid.

keys

keys of the court of wards and court of requests, are delivered f0
liim*.

This honour was, hy King Henry II. about the year 1155, con-
ferred on Aubery de Vere, Baron of Bolebec, Carford and Baddies-
mere, and Earl of Oxford, and he and his posterity enjoyed it, for
eighteen descents, till the beginning of the last century.

At the Coronation of King Richard II., Robert de Vere, then
Earl of Oxford, exhibited into the court of the Lord High Steward,
the following petition : viz.

To my most honourable lord the King of Castile and Leonj,
Duke of Lancaster and Steward of England : Your petitioner, Ro-
bert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, prays, that as his ancestors, for time
out of mind, have in their turns, served the noble progenitors of our
lord the King that now is, with water, as well before dinner as
after, on the day of their Coronation, and have had, as their right,
the basons and the towels with which the said progenitors have
been served on the days of their Coronation, as appears in the
records of the King's Exchequer, that it would please your most
great Highness to grant that he may do the said office, as his ances-
tors have done before, and have the fees belonging to the said office.

The judgment of the Lord High Steward thereupon was,

And because, by the records and evidences shewed in court, on
the part of the said earl, it sufficiently appears that the said earl,

* Chamberlayne's present State of Great Britain; part I. lib. JI. cap, 11.

hath

hath a right to the oiBces aforesaid, as he above prays, to be held in
fee ; and proclamation being made, if any one will, that he may con-
tradict his petitions in this part ; and no one having appeared to con-
tradict his said claim : therefore it was considered, that the said earl
should personally do and exercise the said office, if the lord the
King, notwithstanding the minority of the said earl, should gra-
ciously consent : which said lord the King, afterwards willed and
granted, that the aforesaid earl, in his proper person, should do the
offices aforesaid, on the said day of the King's Coronation, notwith-
standing that he was within age, and in custody of the King. And
so the said earl performed the same offices in all things, on the said
Coronation-day, and received to his own use the basons and towels
wherewith he served, and the fees of the chamberlain *-

But at the Coronation of the succeeding King Henry IV. Si^
Thomas Erpingham, Knight, exercised the office of the Lord Great

* A mon tres honourable snr Roy de Castile prasdicta prout superius petijt in feodo obti-
et de Leon, Due de Lane, et Seneschall nend' et facta proclam' si quis peticioni suaa
d'Englet' supplie vre suppliat Rob. de Veere, in hac parte contradicere vellet, nullus clameo
Gounte de Oxenford, q- comet ses auncesters suo prsedicto in aliquo cohtradixit — Weo cbu-
de temps dount memorie ne court servojet as deratum fuit quod idem comes officiu pi'aedic-
ndble progenitors nostre seigniour le Roy que turn personaliter faceret et exerceret, (si dorai-
ore est del ewe si bien devaunt manger comes nus Rex ad haec, non obstante minori aetate
a_pres le jour de lour coronment, et ont ewe ipsius Comitis) graciose vellet consentire. Qui
come lour droit, les basins et les towels dount quidem dominus Rex postmodum voluit et con-
ies dits progenitors ount este serviez as ditz cessit, quod praefatus comes, in propria persona
jours de lour coronment sicome appiert in les sua, oiBcia praedicta dicto <lie Coronationis
recordes de I' Eschequer le Roy : que il pleas ipsius Regis faceret, eo non obstante quod
a vf e tres graund hautesse a graunt. que il puit infra zetatem et in custodia Regis existit. Et
faire le dit office, come ses auncesters ount fait sic idem comes officia ilia, eodem die Corona-
devantj et a^er les fees au dit office appendats. tionis, in omnibus adimplevit, et pelves et ma-
— Et quia per recorda et evidencias ex parte nutergia unde servivit, ac feoda camerarij ad
ipsius comitis in curia prolat' snfficienter con- opus suum proprium recepit. Crompton Ju-
etat; quod idem comes jus habet ad oificia risdict. 87.

c Chamberlain,

Chamberlain, and gave water to the King when he washed, both
before and after dinner ; having for his fees the bason, ewer, and
towels, with other things whatsoever belonging to his office, notwith-
standing Aubery de Vere, Earl of Oxford, put in his petitions to have
that office, as due to him from his ancestors *.

The office of Lord Great Chamberlain continued from this time,
in the family of the Veres, Earls of Oxford, with some interruptions,
till the reign of King Charles I., when that Monarch, about the
year 1626, created Robert Bertie, Lord Willoughby of Eresby,
Lord Great Chamberlain and Earl of Lindsey, and he, his son,
Montague Bertie, and grandson, Robert Bertie, successively Earls
of Lindsey, executed that office during the reigns of the two
Charles's 1st and lid.

At the Coronation of King James II., the following petitions
were exhibited to the lords commissioners for hearing claims,
&c.

*' To the right honourable and illustrious lords, the com-
" missioners of our most renowned sovereign lord King
" James the Second, assigned to hear and determine, adjudge
*' and end all sorts of petitions and claims of all kinds of peo-
" pie who ought to do any manner of service about the King's
" person on the day of his Coronation, by reason of their inhe-
** ritances or otherwise."

* Cromp. 85 ^

" Robert,

*< Robert, Earl of Lindsey, Bai'oh of Willoughby, Beke and
Eresby, prays that as he is Great Chamberlain of England in fee of
our most renowned lord the King, it would please your lordships to
admit htm, as well at this present Coronation, as at others, to per-
foi^m the said office and the services thereof, as he and his ances-
tors have done before ; that is to say, That the said earl should have
livery and lodgings in the King's court for ever ; and that the said
earl, on the day of the said Coronation, in the morning of the same
day, before the King rises, should enter into the said King's cham-
ber, where the King lies, and bring to the said King his shirt,
stockings, and breeches; and that the said earl, and the Lord
Chamberlain* for the time being, together, the same day, should
dress the said King with all his clOaths, and take and have all the
fees, profits and advantages to this office duly belonging and apper-
taining, as he and his ancestors heretofore have used and taken on
every Coronation-day, that is to say, forty yards -f- of crimson vielvet
for the said earl's robes, against the day of the said Coronation ;■
and when the King is dressed, and ready to go out of the said
chamber, on the said day of the Coronation, that then the said earl
ought to have and take the bed on which the King lay the nio*ht
before the said Coronation, and all the furniture thereof, curtains,
cushions, and linen hanging about in the chamber, on the afore-
said day; and the King's night-gown, which he had on the night be-
fore the said Coronation."

«« The said Earl of Lindsey also prays, that as his said ancestors,
Great Chamberlains of England, time out of mind, served the noble

* The Lord Great Chamberlain of the King's Household. f Quaery if not forty ells ?

c 2 progenitors

progenitors of our said lord the King with water, as well before
dinner as after, on the day of their Coronation, and hare had, as
their right, the basons, towels, and a cup of assay with which the
said progenitors have been served on the said day of their Corona-
tion, as appears in the records of the King's exchequer, that he
may be received to do the said office likewise, as his ancestors have
done before, and have the said fees belonging to it."

THE COUNTER-CLAIM OF THE EARL OF DERBY,

" To the rio-ht honorable," &c. as before.

" William Richard George Stanley, now Earl of Derby, sets
forth, that he is cousin and heir to Henry de Vere, lately Earl of
Oxford, Great Chamberlain of England ; that is to say, son and
heir of Chai'ley Stanley, late Earl of Derby, who was son and heir
of James Stanley, late Earl of Derby, who was san and heir of
William Stanley, late Earl of Derby, and Elizabeth his wife, which
EHzabeth was daughter of Edward de Vere, last Earl of Oxford,.
Great Chamberlain of England, and sister and heiress to the said
Henry Earl of Oxford, Avho was son and heir of the said Edward
Earl of Oxford; and which Henry was seised in fee of the
said office of Great Chamberlain of England, and in possession
thereof died so seised without issue of his body : wherefore, your
petitioner, as he is cousin and heir as aforesaid, to the said Henry
Earl of Oxford, ought to have to him and his heirs the said office
of Great Chamberlain of England; and your said petitioner prays
that your lordships would be pleased to admit him to the said office
of Great Chamberlain of England, with all fees and privileges
to it belonging and appertaining."

THE

THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF CLAIMS

THEREUPON.

*' Which petitions being maturely considered, and that the same
Earl of Lindsey was lately in possession and execution of the
office aforesaid, and that Robert, not long since Earl of Lindsey
his grandfather, was put in possession of the said office, by the
most serene Prince Charles the First, of most happy memory,
then King of Engljand ; by advice of the lords in parliament;
which office Montague, late Earl of Lindsey, his father, whose
heir he is, performed at the Coronation of Charles the Second, late
King of England : Therefore it is considered by the commissioners
aforesaid, that the claim of the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey to the
office aforesaid^ be allowed to the said Earl of Lindsey, to be per-
formed on the aforesaid Coronation-day ; and that the claim of the
aforesaid Earl of Derby be not allowed : but as to the fees and per
quisites claimed by the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey, his claim to the
cup of assay is not allowed, because it did not appear to the afore-
said commissioners that the Great Chamberlain had the said cup at
any preceding Coronation; but as to the other aforesaid claims
they are allowed to the same Earl of Lindsey "

" And afterwards, and before the Coronation aforesaid, the said
forty yards* of velvet were dehvered to the same earl; and compo-
sition was made for the aforesaid other fees with the aforesaid earl

* Or forty ellsr

for

for ^200 sterling : and the aforesaid Earl of Lindsey executed the
office of Great Chamberlain of England on the day of the Corona-
tion*/'

The above-mentioned Robert, first Earl of Lindsey, was son of Pe-
regrine Bertie Lord Willoughby, of Willoughby, Beke, and Eresby,
by Mary his wife, daughter to JohndeVere, Earl of Oxford, and sister
and heir, of the whole blood, to Edward de Vere, the seventeenth Earl
of Oxford of that surname. And the said Robert, grandson of the
first Robert Earl of Lindsey, was father of Robert, the first Duke
of Ancaster, who was grandfather to Peregrine, the third Duke of
Ancaster, who performed the office of Lord Great Chamberlain
at the Coronation of their present Majesties, on the 22d September,
1761.

The said Peregrine Duke of Ancaster died in August, 1778, and
was succeeded in title and estate by his only son Robert Bertie,
who died in July, 1779, unmarried, in the 23d year of his age,
and was succeeded in his title of Duke of Ancaster, by his uncle,
Lord Brownlow Bei'tie, the late duke. But the antient barony
of Willoughby of Eresby, which is a barony in fee, descended to his
heirs females, and as such is in abeyance, between his two sisters
and co-heiresses Lady Elizabeth Priscilla, wife of Peter Lord
Gwyder, and Lady Georgina Charlotte, wife of George James Earl
of Cholmondely,

A question having arisen who should execute the office of Lord
Great Chamberlain, the same was referred by the House of Lords

* Sandford's Hist. Coron. Jac. U. p. 134, 135.

to the twelve judges, and in May, 1781, the following opinion was
delivered by Sir John Skynner, Lord Chief Baron of the Court of
Exchequer :

That the office of Lord Great Chamberlain of England belongs to
both the sisters of the late Duke of Ancaster.

That the husband of the eldest is not of right entitled to execute
the said office.

That both the sisters may execute it by a deputy to be by them
appointed, such deputy not to be of a degree inferior to a knight,
and such deputy to be approved of by his Majesty^

This office appears to have been formerly annexed to the manor
of

FINGRETH, IN ESSEX,

For Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, held the manor of Fingreth,
in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of being Chamberlain of the
lord the King on the day of his Coronation*.

* Robertus deVere, Comes Oxoniae, tenet die Coronationis suae. Placit. Coron. 13 Ed. I.
maneriura de Fingreth, in com. Essex, per Essex. Blount, 53. j
serjeantiiuxi essendi eamerarius domini Regis

CASTLE

CASTLE CAMPS, COUNTY CAMBRIDGE.

This manor, which had belonged to Wulfwin, one of the thanes
of King Edward the Confessor, was given by William the Con-
queror to Aubery de Vere, ancestor of the Earls of Oxford of tliat
name, and was parcel of the barony by virtue of which they held
the office of Lord High Chamberlain of England*.

LAVEHAM, COUNTY SUFFOLK.

Hugh de Vere, Earl of Oxford, held the manor of Laveham in
the county of Suffolk, which belonged to his barony, by being
Chamberlain of our lord the King -j^.

He also held the manors of Kensenton in the county of Oxford :|:,
and Hougham in the county of Essex, both of which appertained
to his barony by the like service ||.

EARLS COLNE, COUNTY ESSEX.

Richard Harlakenden held Earls Colne in capite, by the grand
serjeanty of being Great Chamberlain of England §.

* Hundred Roll, Edward I. Lysons's Magna % Harleian MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, pa.

Britannia, vol. iL pa. 156. 6.

•f Hugo de Vere, Comes Oxonise. M. de || Ibid. pa. 14.

Laveham, et pertinet ad baroniam ut sit Ca- § Richard Harlakenden, in cap. per magnam

merarius R. Esc. t- Hcnrici Regis filij Regis serjantiam essendi magnus Camarius Angl.

Jobannis. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, Ibid. No. 5195, pa. 83-
pa. 8.

The newt Great Officer of the Crown is
THE LORD HIGH-CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND,

Whose oflfice, Sir Edward Coke thinks, subsisted, though under
a different name, before the conquest *. He says that in the ancient
laws, before the conquest, you shall read of Herefochijs or Here-
togijs, which he explains by leaders or generals of the army, from
the Saxon here, an army, and toecu or toga to leadf-: and
with this definition agrees Skinner in his Etymologicon.

Sir Edward Coke further says, that Herefochius agrees with
either of these great offices, the constable or marshal, and that
they were elected by the common council, for the common good
of the realm, by the provinces and nobles in full folkmote %,

The folkmote, therefore, seems to have been the parliament of
our Saxon ancestors, notwithstanding some opinions to the con-
trary §; for amongst the laws of Edward the Confessor j|, it is said
that " all the nobility of the kingdom, and all the knights and free
men of all the kingdom of Britain ought in full folkmote to do
fealty to the lord the King <[[, &c." And the learned Sir Henry

* 4 Inst. 127. ^ Glossary to Brady's Introd. sub. tit. Folk-

t Ibid. mote, pa. 47.

J Isti vero eligebantur per commune consi- |{ Cap. 35.

lium pro communi utilitate regni per provin- % Omnes proceres regni, et milites, et liberi

cias «t patricios, in pleno folkmote. Hoveden homines umversi, totius regni Britannia facere

Annal. cap. 35. debent in pleno folcmote fidelitateta domino

Regi, &c. Leg. Edw. Confess, cap. 35.

Spelman

Spelman says, that the folkmote was a sort of annual parliament,
or convention of the bishops, thanes, aldermen, and freemen,
upon every May-day, yearly; where the laymen were sworn to
defend one another, and with the King to preserve the laws of
the kingdom, and then consulted of the common safety. Mr»
Somner, in his Saxon dictionary, also says, that it is a general
assembly of the people for considering and ordering matters of
the commonwealth.

Some time after the conquest, viz. about the year 1141, King
Stephen conferred the dignities of Earl of Hereford and Lord
Constable of England, on Miles de Gloucester, who held the
office of constable for his life, and it afterwards descended to his
four sons, Roger, Walter, Henry and Mahel, successively Earls
of Hereford J who all died without issue.

In the year 1199, the first of King John, Henry de Bohun, grand-
son of Margaret daughter of Earl Miles, succeeded Mahel, as Earl
of Hereford and Lord Constable, and he and his posterity enjoyed
these honours till the year 1371, when Humphrey de Bohun, the
seventh earl of that house, died without issue male, leaving two
daughters Eleanor and Mary, the former of whom married Thomas
de Woodstock, seventh and youngest son of the magnanimous King
Edward III. and the younger married Henry Plantaganet, sur-
named of Bolinbroke, afterwards King Henry IV. who was eldest
son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, &c. fourth son of the said
King Edward.

Thomas

Thomas de Woodstock, in the 50th year of his father's reign, sat
in pariiament by the title only of Constable of England, which olSice
the King had granted him the same year, it having fallen into his
hands by reason of the minority of the heirs of the said Humphrey
Earl of Hereford*

At the Coronation of his nephew, King Richard II. the said
Thomas de Woodstock officiated as Lord Constable of England, as
appears by the following record, viz.

As to the office of Constable of England, Thomas 4e Woodstock^
uncle of our lord the King, who married the daughter and heiress
of Humphrey de Bohun, late Earl of Hereford, and Constable of
England, proved as well to our lord the King as to the aforesaid
steward, that that office of right belonged to the said Earl
Humphrey and his heirs, and that the heir of the said late earl
was under age, and in custody of our lard the King; and that the
said lord the King had committed that office to the said Thomas,
to perform during the minority of the heir aforesaid; and prayed
that he might be admitted to perform that office, for the reason
aforesaid ; whereupon the premises being duly considered, the said
Thomas was admitted to exercise the said office, at the pleasure of
the said lord the King : and so he afterwards performed that office
in all things*.

King

* Quoad officiutn Constabul. Angl. Thorn. demonstrabat tarn domino Regi quam praefato
de Woodstock avunculus domini Regis, qui Seneschall. quod ofHcium illud ad dictum
fil et h^red. Humfr. de Bohun nuper Com. Humfr. Com. et haered. suos de jure pertinet
Herefford. et Constabul. Angl. duxit in Ux. et quod hseres ipsius nuper Comitis infra

D 3 aetatem

King Richard II. upon the said day of his Coronation, created
this Thomas de Woodstock, his uncle. Earl of Buckingham, and
soon after conjSrmed him in the office of Constable: and in the
ninth year of his reign, advanced him to the dignity of Duke of
Gloucester. But in the twenty-first year of his reign, having
conceived a great dislike against him, the poor duke was sur-
prised by Thomas Mowbray, then, or soon after, Duke of Nor-
folk, and Earl Marshal of England, at Pleshy, in Essex, and by
him conveyed over to Calais, where he was inhumanly murdered,
by being strangled, by the command, as it was said, of his ne-
phew. King Richard, in 1397.

Thomas de Woodstock left issue a son and a daughter. His
son Humphrey, then a minor,^ was soon after his father's death,
along with Henry, son and heir of Henry de Bolinbroke, before-
mentioned, sent into Ireland by King Richard, and there impri-
soned ; but as soon as Henry IV. had attained the Crown, he
sent for them immediately from their imprisonment, designing for
this Humphrey all his father's honours, but he unfortunately died
of the plague, at Chester, on his return.

Ann, the daughter of Thomas de Woodstock, was first married
to Thomas Earl of Stafford, who dying without issue, in the six-
teenth year of King Richard II. she married secondly, Edmund

aetatem et in custodia domiiri Regis^ fuit, consideratlone rationabiliter ad praemissa,

quodq domiiius Rex offic. illud eidem Tliomae idem Thomas ad ofScium pned. faciend. ad-

comisit faciend. durante minore aetate haered. mittitur de voluntate dicti dbmiiti Regis nunc,

praed. et petit se admltti ad oiEcium praed, et sic officium illud postiiibdum in omnibus

faciend. ex causa supradicta, per quod habita adimplevit, Cromp. Jiirisdict. 87, b.

Stafford

Stafford, Earl of Stafford, brother and heir of her first husband,
by whom she had issue, Humphrey Stafford, created Duke of
Buckingham by King Henry VI. ancestor of the iate Earls of
Stafford.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. Henry Percy, Earl of
Northumberland, who wjls made Lord High Constable of England
by the King's grant, claimed that office, and obtained it to enjoy
during pleasure*.

King Henry IV- in the fourth year of his reign, granted this:
office to John of Lancaster, his third son (whom his brother^
King Henry V. afterwards created Duke of Bedford,) and cou^-
firmed the same to him in the eleventh year of bis reign.

In the first year of King Henry VI. this office was granted to
Humphrey, the good Duke of Gloucester^ the King's uncle, and
protector of the realm, during the King's minority, to hold dur-
ing pleasure^ The same year the office was granted for life, to
John Duke of Bedford, elder brother to Duke Humphrey and
Regent of France. In the eighth year of the same King's reign:
it was granted to Richard Plantagenet Duke of York, during the
absence of John Duke of Bedford. In the twenty-fifth year of
King Henry VI. it was granted to John Viscount de Beaumont ;
and in the twenty-eighth year of King Henry VI. to Henry Earl of
Northumberland during pleasure; and again, in the twenty-ninth
of the same King's reign to Edmund Duke of Somerset during
pleasure^

* Cromp. 84, b*

King

2-2

King Edward IV. in the first year of his reign, granted the
office of Lord High Constable to John Tiptoft Earl of Worcester ;
and in the seventh year of his reign to Richard Widville Earl
Rivers, father to his Queen Elizabeth. The year following he
granted the same to his brother George Duke of Clarence ; and
the following year to his other brother Richard Duke of Glou-
cester, who was afterwards King Richard III. In the tenth year
of his reign he granted the same office again to John Tiptoft
Earl of Worcester, for life ; and in his sixteenth year to his son
Richard Duke of York, who was afterwards murdered by his
nncle Kinjj Richard.

It was also granted, during this reign, to Henry Stafford Duke
of Buckingham, in fee ; but he being beheaded at Salisbury, in
the first year of King Richard HI. the King, on the 16th of De-
cember, in the same year, made Thomas Lord Stanley, Constable
of England for life, with the fee of ^sCIOO per annum, payable
out of his revenues in the county of Lancaster, and gave him
power to make a deputy. The office of Lord High Constable
was afterwards given in fee to Edward Duke of Buckingham, son
of Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham, (who was beheaded at
Salisbury) ; and he also being beheaded on Tower Hill, the tbir-
teenih ef Henry Till, anno 1521, the office has never been granted
but only h^c vice. ■

The following determination concerning this office was made in
Michaelmas Term, sixth Henry VIII. viz.

Humphrey de Bohun, late Earl of Hereford and Essex, held the

manors

manors of Harlefield, Newnham, and Whytenhurst, in the county
of Gloucester, of the King, by the serjeanty of being Constable of
England, and had issue two daughters, and died seized : they en-
tered, and took two husbands, (Thomas de Woodstock and Henry
de Bolinbroke) and the husband of the youngest was afterwards
made King, and partition was made ; and the King and his wife
chose the manor of Whytenhurst for their part, and the two other
manors were allotted to the other husband and wife ; whereupon
these questions arose : first,, if the reservation of the tenure, at the
beginning, by the King, was good I and, by the opinion of all the
judges of England, it was good enough. Second, how the daugh-
ters, before marriage, could exercise the office ? and to that it was
clearly resolved that they might make their sufficient deputy to do it
for them : and, after marriage, that the husband of the elder, alone,
might do it. The third, and most difficult was — if,^ by the union of
parcel of the tenancy^ in the King, the office was determined, or had
its being and continuance in the other coparcener ? And it was re-
solved, alsOir clearly, by the judges aforesaid, that it had its con-
tinuance in the other coparcener; for, otherwise, he would have the'
two manors without doing, any service for them ; and they are com-
prellable, at the pleasure of the King, to exercise the office : and the;
King might refuse that,, at his election and pleasure, as well as the
common lord might refuse to^ receive the homage x)f his tenant, (if
it was not homage auncestrel)— and the tenure above-mentioned
was held to be grand serjeanty. And if a father held of one of his-
two daughters^ and died seized, and he enters, and makes partition,
the service is whoJly revived, if it be entire, as homage, &c. And
these resolutions were, by the chief justices, reported to the King
at Greenwich. But,, because the office above said was very high,

and

and dangerous, and also very chargeable to the King in fees, the
King did not choose to have the office executed. And this was the
case and claim of Edward the last Duke of Buckingham, made in
Michaelmas Term, sixth Henry VIII.*

By this case, and the resolutions of the judges thereon, it mani-
festly appears, that the office was annexed to the manors of

HARLEFIELD, NEWNHAM, AND WHITENHURST, IN
THE COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

The power and jurisdiction of the Lord High Constable is novr
the same as that of the Earl Marshal, with whom he can sit as judge
in the Marshal's court ; but anciently it was much greater.

* Humfrey de Bohum, jades Counte de
Hereford et Essex tient les manors de Harle-
field, Newman, et Whytenhurst, in comitatu
Gloucester, del Roy per servitium essendi Con-
stabular. Angliee, et avoit issue deux files et
devie seisie, els enter et prent deux barons, et
le baron del puisne est apres fait Roy et par-
ticion est fait, et le Roy et son feme eslyont le
manor ,<3e W. pur lour part, et les deux auters
allot al auter baron et feme, et ore iii. ques-
tions sont. Le primer si le reservation del te-
nure al commencement per le Roy fuit bone.
Et per opinionem omnium justiciariorum An-
gliae, est assetz bone. Le second coment les
files devant niariage purront exercise roffice,,et
a ceo full clerement resolve, que els purront
fair lour sufficient deputie a ceo faire pur eux,
et apres mariage le baron del eigne poet sole.
Le iii. plus difficile, viz. si per le unite del par-
cel del tenancie en le Roy, I'office soit deter-
inine, ou avera son esse et continuance en
Tauter coparcener. Et resolve auxi clere-

ment per justiciarios praetfictos, que il avera son
continuance en Tauter car auterment ils averot
les ii manors sans feasant ascun service pur
eux, et sont compellable al pleasure le Roy de
exerciser Toffice^ et le Roy poit ceo refuser a
son election et pleasure, sibien come le com-
mon seignior poit refuser le receit de homage
de son tenant (sil ne soit homage auncestrel)
et le tenur. supra fuit tenus graud serjeantie»
Et si le pere tient de un de ses ii files et devie
seisie, ils enter et font particion, le service est
revive en tout, sil soit e'ntier come homage, &c.
Et ceux resolutions fueront per les chiefe jus-
tices report al Roy mesme al Greenewich, mes
pur ceo que Toffice ^upra fuit very hault et
daungerous, et auxy very chargeable al Roy en
fees, le Roy voile disclaimer d'aver le service
execute. !Et ceo fuit le case et claime de E.
le Darreine Duke de Buckingham, fait anno
6 Hen. VHI. Termiao Michaelis. Dyer's-
Reports, 285, b. , ;

To him it bcjlongs, at the Coronation, to walk in procession on
the right hand of the person, who bears the sword of state, in his
robes, with his coronet and staff of office in his hands.

The Duke of Bedford exercised this office at the Coronation
of their present Majesties.

CALDECOTE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, held of the
King, in capite, the entire Manor of Caldecote, by the service of
'beiiig Lord High Constable of England *.

THE EARL MARSHAL OF ENGLAND,

Is the eighth great officer of the crown : he is an earl, as some
say, by his office; whereby he takes cognizance, as the Lord Con-
sta,ble does, of all matters of war and arms, determines contracts
touching deeds of arms, out of the realm, upon land, and matters
concerning wars within the realm, which cannot be determined by
the common law; and in these matters he is chiefly guided by the
civil law.

He had antiently' several courts under him, but has now only the
Marshalsea, where he may sit in judgment against criminals offends
ing within the verge of the King^s Court.

* Hutnfredus de Bohun, Comes Hereford. primo Ed. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.
et Essex, de R. in c. M. de Caldecote integre, 2087, pa. 24.
per ser, Constabulariat' Angliae. Esc. de anno

E This

This officfe^is of great antiquity in England, and antiently was of
greater power than now. It has been for many years hereditary in
the title of Norfolk.

The first Lord Marshal, of whom I find mention, was Gilbert de
Clare, who was created Earl of Pembroke by King Stephen in the
year 1139. He was succeeded by Richard de Clare, surnamed
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, and Lord Marshal, who died
anno 1176;

To him succeeded John, surnamed Marshall from this office,
which was conferred upon him by King Henry II. upon the death
of Richard Strongbow, and he by William Marshall, his grandson,
who having married Isabel, daughter and heir of Richard Strong-
bow, was, by King John, created Earl of Pembroke, in the year
1201. In his family the office of Lord Marshal continued, till
the death of his five sons, William, who was Lord Chief Justice of
England, Richard, Gilbert, Walter and Anselm, all successively
Earls of Pembroke, the last of whom died in the year 1245.

When Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, in right of his mother,
Maud, one of the sisters and heirs of the five last Lord Marshals,
succeeded, and after him, Roger Bigod, his son. Earl of Norfolk
whose estate being confiscated to the crown, the office, upon his'
death in 1305, came into the handsof King Edward 11. who, in the
year 1307, granted it, durante bene placito, to Robert d,e Clifford,
jand, the year following, to Nicholas de Segrave, Lord Segrave.

The same King Edward II. in the ninth year of his reign, made

his

his half brother, Thomas de Brotherton (whom he had before
created Earl of Norfolk) Marshal of England, by patent, to him
and his heirs male lawfully begotten, and his descendant, the pre-
sent Duke of Norfolk, now enjoys that office. But it has, several
times, since the death of Thomas de Brotherton, been in other
families.

Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, was
created Duchess of Norfolk for life, and was often honoured with
the title of Lady Marshal ; but whether by right, or of courtesy,
does not plainly appear ; for, in her life-time, the office was exer-
cised by William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, Thomas Beau-
champ the elder. Earl of Warwick, and Edmund Mortimer, Earl
of March, successively. They might so exercise it as deputies to
her. For at the Coronation of King Richard II. her claim seems,
by the following record, to have been left undecided.

Also, as to the office of Marshal of England, Margaret Countess
of Norfolk, exhibited her petition before the aforesaid Steward, in
these words — " To the most honourable lord, the King of Castile
and Leon, Duke of Lancaster, and Steward of England. Margaret,
daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, late Earl of Norfolk
and Marshal of England, prays that you will accept her to do the
office of Marshal at the Coronation of our Lord the Kinor, as her
right of inheritance, after the death of the said Thomas her father ;
doing the office by her deputy, as Gilbert Marshall, Earl of Strygel
did at the Coronation of Henry II. to wit, to appease the debates
in die King^s house on the day of his Coronation, and to dispose
of the places in the bed-chambers, and to giiard the door of the

E 2 King's

King's chamber ; having from every baron and earl, made knight
on that daj , one palfrey with a saddle."

Whereupon, the said petition being heard, it was alledged for the
King there, tliat the office remained in the person of the King, to
be assigned unto, and conferred upon whomsoever the King should
please ; and upon this hearing, there were many reasons and alle-
gations urged concerning this matter, as well for the lord the
King, as for the aforesaid countess. But because it appeared to
the court that the final discussion of the business aforesaid could
not be made, on account of the shortness of the time before the
Coronation aforesaid, Henry de Percy, with consent, and by the
command of th« same King, was assigned to perform the said office,
and to take the fees due and accustomed ; saving the right of every
one. And so the same Henry took that office *.

* Item quoad officiiim Mairesc. Anglise,
Margaretta Comitissa Norf. petitionem suam
coram praefato Senesc. in haec verba exhibuit.
— Al tres honorable seignior le Roy de Cas-
tile et Leon, Duke de Lane, et Seneschall
d'Engl. supplie vous Margaret file et heire
Thom. de Brotherton nadgaires Counte de
Norf. et Marshall d'Eug. destre accept al of-
fice de Marshakey ore al coronment nostre
seignior le Roy come a son droit d'heritage
apres le mort le dit Thom. son peere, fesaht
I'office per son deputie, come Gilbert Mar-
shall, Countie de Strygel fist al coronment
Henry le Second, ss de Payser le Bis in la
Meason le Roy al jour de son coronment et
faire lewes de Herbergages, et de garder les
Huis de Chamb. le Roy per ayant de chescun

baron et countie suis chivaler a eel jour un
palfreyeove un sell.

Super quo, audita petitione praedicta, dictum
fuit pro domino Rege ibidem, quod oificium
illudin persona domini Regis remansit, ad as-
signandum et conferend. cuicunq. ipsi Regi
placeret. Et super hoc audit tam pro domino
Rege quam pro praefata comitissa pluribus ra-
tionibus et allegat. in hac parte, prp eo quod
videbatur Cur.' quod finalis discussio negotii
praedicti propter temporis brevitatem ante Co-
ronationem prsedict. fieri non potuit, Henricus
de Percy ex assensu et per praeceptum ipsius
Regis assign, fuit ad officium praedictum fa-
ciend. et percipiend. feoda debita et con-
sueta. Salvo jure cujiislibet. Et sic idem
Henricus officium illud percepit. Cronip.
Jurisdict. 87, b.

Thomas

Thomas Lord Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, second and only
surviving son of John Lord Mowbray of Axholme, by Elizabeth
his wife, daughter and sole heir of the Lady Margaret Duchess of
Norfolk, and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, as above mentioned,
had, by patent from King Richard II., in the eighth year of his
reign, the title and oflBce of Earl Marshal of England, being the
first who had the title of Earl Marshal, for before that time they
were only Marshals. This Thomas was, by the same King, after-
wards, created Duke of Norfolk; but being, along with Henry,
Duke of Hereford, (afterwards King Henry IV.) banished the
realm, he went to Venice, and there died, anno 1400.

Upon the banishment of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, King Richard
created Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey, Earl
Marshal; but Thomas Lord Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, upon
his father^s death or banishment, assumed the title of Earl Marshal,
though the office was executed by John Montacute, Earl of Sa-
lisbury,

King Henry IV., in tlie beginning of his reign, made Ralph
Neville Earl of Westmorland, Lord Marshal of England, for the
term of his life.

King Henry v., in the beginning <)f his reign, restored to John

Lord Mowbray, brother of Thomas, called Earl Marshal, and

younger son of the banished Duke of Norfolk, the titles of Earl of

JVottingham and Earl Marshal; and in the third year of King

Henry VL he was also restored to the title of Duke of Norfolk, his

<^her having died without attainder.

This

This Jolin was succeeded in all his titles by his son John, and
he by his son John, the fourth and last Duke of Norfolk, of the
surname of Mowbray, who died without issue male, leaving an only
daughter, Ann, married to Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York,
second son of King Edward IV. when lie was only four < years of
age ; he was, by his faflier, King Edward, created Duke of Nor-
folk and Earl Marshal, but, soon after his fether's death, was cruelly
murderecl by his uncle, Richard III., and the Lady Ann dying without
issue, that branch of the Mowbray's family became extinct, and the
inheritance was divided lietween John Lord Howard, husband of
Margaret, elde^ daughter of Thomas Mowbray, the first Duke of
Norfolk, and William Lord Berkley, eldest son of James Lord
Berkley, second husband of Isabel, the second daughter of the
said Duke ; and King Richard III., on the 28th of June j 1483, in
the first year of his reign, when his said nephew was certainly alive,
conferred on this John Lord Howard, the office of Marshal of
England in tail male, and empowered him, either in the presence
or absence of the King, to bear a golden staff, tipped at each end
with black, the upper part thereof to be adorned with the royal
ftrms, and the lower end thereof with those of his own family; and,
^or the better impport of the dignity of his office, he got a grant to
himself and his heirs aforesaid for ever of ^20 annually, payable
half-yearly out of the fee-farm rent of the town of Ipswich, in
Snflblk; and on the same day was advanced to the dignity of Duke
of Norfolk; and Thomas, his son and heir, was created Earl of
Surrey. He was also, on the 30th of that n»onth, constituted High
Steward of England for the ceremony of King Richard's Coronation,
atid attended tliere on *he 6th of July foM^Jwing, wi^ his son Thomas

Earl

Saa*l of Surrey, who bore the sword of state, the Duke himself
carrymg tii^ King's erpwn, and walking, next before him.

He ^ntiuued in great favour with Richard during his short reign,
and was slain with him in the battle, of Bosworth Field, on the 22^d
of August, 1485, being in the front of th« army ,1,0 ^ .

King Henry VII., on his attaining the crown, created William
Lord Berkley, Earl of Nottingham, son of the Lady Isabel Mow-
bray, the younger daughter of Thomas Mowbray, the first Duke
of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England; and he dying without issue,
in 1492, the King created his second son Henry, afterwards King
Henry VIH., Earl Marshal of England.

After King Henry VHI. came to the thr^one, ,he, in the second
jfear of his reign, created the said Thomas Earl of Surrey, son of
John Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, and afterwards Duke of
Norfolk ; who continued those honours till his death, on the 21st ^
Msiy, 1524, when he was succeeded by his eldest son

Thomas, who had been created Earl of Surrey in his life-time.
He contioiied in the possessii^n of his dignities and honours, till the
12th of December, 1546, when he and his son were suddenly appre-
hended and committed prisoners to the Tow^, and both attainted,
by special bills in parliament, soon after.

On the 28th of January following, the Lieutenant of the Tower
received a warrant for beheading the Duke, but the King dying
Ahat day, the executors of his will did not choose, at that critical

juncture,

juncture, to put the wari*ant into execution; yet his enemies were
so great, that, in the beginning of the reign of King Edward VI.,
when pardon was given, by proclamation, to all persons, for all
crimes whatsoever, six only excepted, he was the chief of those
six, and remained prisoner in the Tower during all that reign, and
till Queen Mary made her triumphant entry into London, on the
3d of August, 1553; when, without any pardon or restitution, he
was allowed to be Duke of Norfolk, and had all his lands restored ;
and, during the reioTi of Edward VI., the office of Earl Marshal
was executed by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, uncle to
the King, and Lord Protector. >

On the death of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, which hap-
pened the 25th of August, 1554, he was succeeded by his grandson
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and EarlMarshal, who was the
eldest son of Henry Earl of Surrey, beheaded thie 19th of January,
1546, for high treason, in the hfe-time of his father- He continued
to enjoy his grandfather's titles and honours till January, 1571, when
he was tried by his peers for, and convicted of, high treason, and
was beheaded on Tower-hill, the 2d of June, 1572,

On his attainder, Queen Elizabeth made George Talbot, Earl of
Shrewsbury, Earl Marshal ; and, after his death, her favourite,
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, who was also beheaded the 25th.
of February, 1600.

At the Coronation of King James I., in 1603, Edward Somerset,
Earl of Worcester, executed the office of Earl Marshal; after which
it was generally executed by commission, till the year 1621, when

King

Kin^ James I. constituted Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey,
grandson of Thomas the last Duke of Norfolk, by his son Philip
Earl of Arundel, Earl Marshal of England for life, with a pension
of .£2000 a year, he having before been appointed one of the com-
missioners for executing that office ; and continued in the office till
his death, on the 4ith of October, 1646.

He was succeeded by his second and eldest surviving son Henry
Frederick, Earl of Arundel, &c. who enjoyed the title of Earl
Marshal till his death, on the 7th of April, 1652, when he was
succeeded in the titles of Earl of Arundel, &c. by Thomas, his
eldest son and heir, who was restored by parliament to the title of
Duke of Norfolk, on th« 8th of May, 1664. He dying unmarried,
at Padua, in Italy, on the 1st of December, 1667, was succeeded
by his brother Henry Howard, who, on the 19th of October, 1672,
was, by King Charles II., created Earl of Norwich, to him and the
heirs male of his body ; and also, by the same patent, had grante4
to him the offifce and dignity of Earl Marshal of England, to him and
the heirs male of his body, with divers remainders over. He diec^
the 11th of January, 1683, and was succeeded by his eldest son

Henry, the seventh Duke of Norfolk, who dying without issue,
the 2d of April, 1701, was succeeded by Thomas Howard, eldest
son of Thomas Lord Howard, younger brother of the last Henry
Duke of Norfolk ; who also dying without issue, the 23d of De^
member, 1732, was succeeded by his brother Edward, late Duke o/
Norfolk ; and he also dying without issue, on the 20th of Sep-
tember, 1777, at the great age of ninety-two, was succeeded by the
present Duke Charles Howard, second son and heir of Charles

F Howard,

Howard, of Greystock, Esq. who was eldest son and heir of Charles
Howard, fourth son of Frederick Earl of Arundel, who died in
1652, as above mentioned*.

Sir Edward Coke says-j-, that the office of Marshal ever passed
by the grants of the King, and never belonged to any subject by
reason of tenure, as the stewardship and constableship of England
sometime did; and yet I read that the manor of

HAMSTEA DM ARSHAL,

In the county of Berks, was held of old by grand serjeanty, of the
Kings of England, conditioned that the grantees should, for ever,
be Knights Marshal, according as the offices of Steward, Constable,
and Lord High Chamberlain, in those times were granted J. The
office of Knight Marshal appears to have been substituted in the
room of the Lord or Earl Marshal, for, antiently, they that had this
office, were only marshals of the King's house, according as the
same is now discharged by the Knights Marshal ; but in succeeding
times it grew to be a place of great power and honour, as it still con-
tinues §.

The business of the Earl Marshal, at the Coronation, has been
in a great measure shewn before, so that there will be no ne-
cessity of enlarging upon it here, further than to observe, That,
previous to the Coronation of King James II. the Earl Mar-

* CoUins's Peerage, passim. J Heylin's Help to Eng. Hist. sub. tit

+ Inst. 128. Marshall. § Ibid.

ghal

shal df England claimed to appease the debates that might
arise in the King's house on that day, to keep the doors of the
same, and of the Abbey, &c. and to dispose of the places to the
nobles, &c. with all fees belonging thereto : which was disallowedj
as unprecedented, and several of the particulars were counter-
claimed by the Lord Great Chamberlain. But such determination
was made with a salvo jure to the said Earl Marshal*.

At the Coronation of their present Majesties, the office was
executed by the late Earl of Effingham, as deputy for Edward,
late Duke of Norfolk, who, being a person professing the Roman
Catholic religion, was disqualified by law from executing it iii
person. And the Earl of Effingham dying in November, 1763, his
grace then appointed Henry, the late Earl of Suffolk and Berk-
shire, to be his deputy. Upon the death of the late duke, his
successor appointed the present Earl of Effingham, son to the late
carl, to be deputy Earl Marshal of England.

BARO]>rS OF THE CINQUE-PORTS.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the barons of the five
ports claymed, and it was granted them, to bear a canapye of
cloth of golde over the King, with foure staves and foure belles, at
the foure corners, every staffe having foure of those barons to beare
it. And to dyne and sitt at the table, next to the King, on his rio-ht
hande, in the hall, the day of his Coronation : and for their fees to

* Gent. Mag. vol. XXXI. p. 324.

F 2 have

have the saide canapye of golde, with the belles and staves ,; not-
withstanding the abbot of Westminster claymed the same*.

And at the Coronation of King James II. the barons of the
Cinque-ports claimed to carry the canopy over the King, and to
have the same, with the staves and bells, for their fees, and to dine
in the hall at the King's right hand ; which claim was allowed -f-.

BISHOPS OF DURHAM AND BATH AND WELLS.

At the same Coronation of King James II. the Bishops of
Durham and Bath and Wells, claimed to support the King in the
procession : which claim was allowed, the King having graciously
consented thereto, and the Bishops of London and Winchester
being appointed to support the Queen J.

DEAN AND CHAPTER OF WESTMINSTER.

At the Coronation of King James II. the Dean and Chapter of
Westminster claimed to instruct the King in the rites and cere-
monies used at the Coronation; to assist the Archbishop in divine
service ; to have the custody of the Coronation robes; to have robes
for the dean and his three chaplains, and for sixteen ministers of
the said church ; the royal habits put off in the church, the
several oblations, furniture of the church, canopy, staves and
bells, and -the cloth on which their sMajesties walk from the west
door of the church to the theatre, &c. Which claim was allowed,

* Cromp. 86. f Sandf. Hist. Coron. % Ibid.

except

except custody of the regalia, said the fees referred to the King's
pleasure *.

THE MASTER OF THE KINO^lS
GREAT WARDROBE.

At the Coronation of King James II. the Master of the King's
great wardrobe claimed to receive from his deputy a pall of cloth
of gold, and to «arry it to the altar, for the King to oflFer, and that
his deputy should attend near Garter King at Arms, in a robe of
scarlet cloth, with a gold crown embroidered on the left sleeve.
"Which claim was disallowed, but the claimant left to take his course
at law, if he thought fit-j-.

THE CLERK OF THE GREAT WARDROBE.

At the Coronation of King James II. the Clerk of the great
wardrobe claimed to bring a rich pall of cloth of gold, to be held
over the King's head whilst he is anointed ; as also the armilla, or
cloth of tissue, and to attend near Garter King at Arms, in a robe
of scarlet cloth, with a crown embroidered on the left sleeve.
Which claim was also disallowed, but the claimant left to take his
course at law, if he thought fit J.

THE PREMIER EARL OF ENGLAND.

At-ftie same Coronation;, the Duke of Norfolk, as Premier Earl
of England, claimed to redeem the sword offered by the King at

* Sandf. Hist. Coron. -f Ibid. % Ibid.

the

tbe altar, and to carry it before His Majesty in his return to his
palace, and reservation of other rights and dignities, with fees, &c.
But his claim was not allowed, not being made out, and the same
being disallowed at the last Coronation *.

THE CHURCH-WARDENS OF ST. MARGARET S,

WESTMINSTER,

At the same Coronation, claimed to have the cloth lying in their
parish, whereon the King goes in procession, for the use of the
poor. But their claim was not admitted •]:

THE VICAR AND CHURCH-WARDENS OF ST. MAR-
1 INS IN THE FIELDS,

Also claimed a share of the said cloth for their poor. But their
claim was not admitted '^

THE MASTER OF THE HORSE TO THE KING,

At the same Coronation, claimed to attend the Coronation, as
Serjeant of the Silver Scullery, and to have all the silver dishes
and plates served on that day to the King's table, with the fees
thereto belonging, and to take assay of the King's meat at the
kitchen dresser bar. This was not allowed, because not claimed
thentofore ; the Master of the Horse, however left to make his ap-
plication to the King, who was pleased to allow the said service

* Sandf. Hist. Coron. f Ibid. J Ibid.

and

and fees as the Duke of Albemarle enjoyed them on the Corona-
tion of King Charles II. by virtue of the same post *.

SECT. III.

Of Grand Serjeanties performed at the Coronation of the
Kings and Queens of England , by Persons in respect
of Manors y Lands, or Tenements.

NEDDING AND KETTILBERSTON, COUNTY OF

SUFFOLK.

William de la Pole, Marquis of Suffolk, had a grant from King
Henry VI. of the manors of Nedding and Kettilberston, in the
county of Suffolk : to hold by the service of carrying a golden
sceptre, with a dove on the head of it, upon the Coronation-day
of the King, his heirs and successors. As also a sceptre of ivory,
with a golden dove on the head of it, upon the day of the Coro-
nation of the Queens of England -f .

MAN, THE ISLE OF.

Magnus HI. King of Norway and Man, the last King of that
island of the Danish or Norwegian race, dying without issue, about

f Sandf. Hist Coron. j- Carta 24 Hen. VI. n. 20. Blount, page 2a

the

the year 126(5, Alexander III. King of Scotland, partly by arms, and
partly by money, brought this, and the rest of the Western Islands,
under his obedience : after which, it was sometimes dependant on
the crown of Scotland, and sometimes on England, as their for-
tunes varied ; till, in the end, about the year 1340, William de
Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, descended from the Norwegian
Kings of Man, w on it from the Scots, and sold it to William Lord
Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord Treasurer to King Richard II.
who, being attainted of high treason by King Henry IV. in the first
year of his reign, and beheaded, the kingdom and island, by his
attainder, came to the crown, and was the same year granted by
King Henry to Henry de Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and
Lord Constable of England, in fee ; by the service of bearing on
the days of the Coronation of the King and his heirs, at the left
shoulder of him and his heirs, by himself, or his sufficient and ho-
nourable deputy, that naked sword, with which he was girded,
when he arrived in the part (port) of Holderness, called Lancaster
Sword, during the procession, and for all the time of the solemni-
zation of the Coronation aforesaid *.

In the fifth year of the reign of King Henry IV. the said Henry
Percy, Earl of Northumberland, was attainted of treason ; and, by
act of parliament, 1st March, seventh Henry IV. it was enacted
that the Kins should have the forfeiture of all his lands and tene-
ments, w^hich came to him by descent or purchase -f.

* Per servicium portawdi diebus Corona- gladium nudum quo cincti eramus quando in

tionis nostrae et hsBredum nostrorum, ad sini- parte (portu) de Holderness applicuiinus, vo-

strum humerutn nostrum, et sinistros hunieros catum Lancaster Sword, durante processione,

haeredum nostrorum, per se ipsum, aut sufE- et toto tempore solemnizationis Corouationis

cientem et honoiificum deputatum suum, ilium supradictae. 4 Inst. 283. -f Ibid.

And afterwards, in the same year, the King granted the Isle of
Man, together with the patronage of the Bishopric, to Sir John Stan-
ley for hfe ; and afterwards, in the same year, he granted the same
isle to the said Sir John Stanley and his heirs for ever, with all the
royalties and franchises thereto belonging, and the patronage of
the Bishopric there, with the stile and title of King of Man, in as
full and ample manner as it had been granted to any former lord
thereof; to be held of the King, his heirs and successors, by liege
homage ; rendering to the said King two falcons, once only, viz,
immediately after the homage done ; and rendering to his heirs.
Kings of England, two falcons, on the day of the Coronation of his
said h«irs, for all other services, customs and demands; as freely^
fully and entirely, as William Scrope, Knight, or any other, held the
same *.

This island is now held by the Dulie and Duchess of Athol, in
ri^ht of the said Duchess, as Baroness Strange of Knockyn, who
is lineally descended from the said Sir John Stanley, in whose
family it has ever since been; and is now held by the same ho-
nourary service, of rendering two falcons on the day of the Coro-
nation of the Kings of England -f..

THE DUCHY OF LANCASTER.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the Lord Henry, the King's
-eldest sonj whom the King, in right oi his Duchy of Lancaster,

* Tenend. de Rege, heredibus et successo- dum nostroram, pro omnibus aliis servitiis, con-

ribus suis, perliomagium ligeum. Reddendo suetudinibus, et demandis, adeo libere plene et

nobis duos falcones, semel tantum, viz. imme- integre sicut Willielmus Scrope, Chivalier, vel

diate post homagium hujusmodi fact, et red- aliquis aluis, &c. 4. Inst. 283.' Rot. pat. 7tli

^dendo haeredibus nostras Regibus Angliae duos Hen. IV. par. 2^ m. 1.8. i ,

falcones, diebus Coronationis eorundem haere- f Stat. 3 Geo. lU. cap. 26.

r G had

had appointed to that office, claimed to bear before the King the
principal sword, called curtana, and had his suit granted *.

THE CASTLE AND TOWER OF PEMBROKE, AND
TOWN OF DENBIGH, IN WALES,

At the Coronation of the said King Henry IV. the Lord Leonard
Grey of Ruthyn, by petition exhibited before the Lord High Stew*
ard, claimed to bear the second sword before the King at his Co-
ronation, by reason of his castle and tower of Pembroke, and of
his town of Denbigh ; but his claim was at that time disallowed^
and the office executed by John Earl of Somerset, by assignment
from the Ring -f-.

THE EARLDOM OF SURREY.

At the Coronation of King James IL the Duke of Norfolk, as»
Earl of Surrey, claimed to carry the second sword before the King,
with all the privileges and dignities thereto belonging: which
claim was disallowed, not being made out, and the same having;
been disallowed at the last Coronation J.

THE EARLDOM OF WARWICK.

Thomas Beauchampe, Earl of Warwick, by right of inheritance,,
bare the third sword before the King at the Coronation of King
Henry IV. and by the like right was Panterer at the Coronation |.

* Cromp. 84, b. J Sandf, Hist. Coron^

■i Cromp. 85^ b. i Cioinp. 85»

THE

4$^

THE EARLDOM OF PEMBROKE.

At the Coronation of Henry IV. the Lord Leonard Grey of
Ruthyn bare the King's great spurs before him, in the time of his
Coronation, by right of inheritance, as heir to John Hastings, Earl
of Pembroke *.

At the Coronation of King James II. Anthony de Grey, Earl of
Kent, claimed to carry the great spurs before the King ; but not
being made out, his claim was not allowed.

The same was eounter-claimed by the Lord de Grey of Ruthyn^
and allowed.

The same was also counter-claimed by the Duke of Norfolk, as
Earl of Surrey, but disallowed for want of evidence, and because
it Was not admitted at the preceding Coronation -f.

WOLVERMERSTON alias WULFELMELSTON, FIN-
GRET ALIAS FINGREY, AND GIGNES alias GING-
REGINiE, COUNTY OF ESSEX, or CAMBRIDGE.

John de Sandford held Wolvermerston by service in the Qtieeii*s
chamber, and Fingret, and Gignes, and Hoiimede and Hucham*
stede ±.

* Cromp. 85, h. stone, per serjantiam in camera Reginas, et

t Sandf. Hist. Coron. Fingret, et Gignes, et Houmede, et Huchan>-

I Johannes de Sandford tenet Wolvo'mer- stede. Lib, Rub. Scac. lS7.

G 2 in

In the time of King Edward I. Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford^
held the manor of Fingreth, in the county of Essex, by serjeanty
of being Chamberlain of our lord the King, on the day of his
Coronation ; and the same Robert, and Matilda his wife, held the
manor of Ging-Reginae by the serjeanty of keeping the chamber
of our lady the Queen on the day of the Coronation aforesaid *.

And by inquisition taken the sixth of Edward II. it was found'
that the Earls of Oxford, by the heir of Sandford, antiently held
the manors of Fingrey and Wulfelmelston, in the county of Cam-
bridge f, by the serjeanty of Chamberlainship to the Queens of
England, at the King's Coronation %.

And at the Coronation of Kinff James II. the lord of the manoc
of Fyngrith in Essex, claimed to be Chamberlain to the Queen for
the day, and to have the Queen's bed, and furniture, the basons,
&c. belonging to the office ; and to have a clerk in the exchequer,
to demand and receive the Queen's gold, &c. Which claim was
disallowed, because not made out; but the claimant was left to pro-
secute it at law, if he thought fit |[.

As the court of claims never sat after the arrival and marriage
of her present Majesty, Queen Charlotte, in England, till after the
Coronation, it is presumed that no person could claim to do this
service at her Coronation.

* Robertas de Vere, Comes Oxonias, tenet dominae Regingp, die Coronationis praedictWi!

manerium de Fingreth, in com. Essex, per Pla. Coron. 13 Edw. I, Essex. Blount^ 53..

seijantiam ,essendi camerarius domini Regis, f Forsan, Essex.

die Coronationis suae ; et idem Robertas, et J Blount, 23.

Matilda uxor ejus, tenent manerium de Ging- [| Sandf.Hist. Coron; ,

Reginae, per serjaotiani custodieudi cameram :

FERNHAM

FERNHAM, alias FARNHAM-ROYAL, COUNTY

OF BUCKS.

The Barons Furnival held Fernham, in the county of Bucks, (now
called Farnham-Royal) by service of finding their sovereign lord
the King, upon the day of his Coronation, a glove for his right
hand, and to support his right arm, the same day, whilst he held
the regal verge, or scepter in his hands*.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV., Sir Thomas Neville, Lord
Furnival, by reason of his manor of Ferneham, with the hamlet of
Cere, which he helde by the curtesie of England, after the decease
of his wife, the Lady Joane, gave to the King a glove for his right
hand, and sustained the King's right arme, so_ long as he bare the
sceptre -f-

From the Fiirnivals, this manor, by the daughter of the said Sir
Thomas Neville, descended to the Talbots, Earls^ of Shrewsbury,
who, though they exchanged it with King Henry VIH., yet they re-
served this honourable service to them and their heirs for ever J.

But the service seems now not to be annexed to this manor, but to?
the manor of

WORKSOP, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM,

For King Henry VIH., in the thirty-third year of his reign^

*Esc. 10 Edw. II. n. 17. Orig. de 39 f Gromp. 85.

Edw.IU. Rot. 3» Blount, 22. - tJBlount.

graiite<l

granted to George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, the scite and pre-
cinct of the monastery of Worksop, with its appurtenances, in the
county of Nottingham; to be held of the King in capite, by the
service of the tenth part of a knight's fee ; and by the royal service
of finding the King a right hand glove at his Coronation, and to
support his right arm, that day, as long as he should hold the
scepter in his hand; and paying yearly £23 8s. 0|d*.

At the Coronation of King James II. this service was claimed and
allowed -f-. And at the Coronation of his present Majesty, the same
service was performed by the most honourable Charles Marquis of
Rockingham, as deputy to the Duke of Norfolk, lord of the manor
of Worksop J.

THE BARONY OF BEDFORD.

John Lord Latimer, although he was under age at the Corona-
tion of King Henry IV. for himself, and the Duke of Norfolk, not-
withstanding that his possessions were in the King's hands, by his
attorney. Sir Thomas Grey Knight, claimed and had the office of
Almoner, for the day ; by reason of certain lands, which sometime
belonged to the Lord William Beauchampe of Bedford. They had
a towel of fine linen cloth prepared, to put in the silver that was
appointed to be given in alms : and likewise they had the distri-
bution of the cloth that covered the pavement and floors, from the
King's chamber doors, to the place in the church of Westminster

* Pat. S3 Hen. VIII. par. 4. Blount, Q4. J Gazette, No. 10,142.

f Sandf. Hist. Coron.

where

where the pulpit stood. The residue, that was spread in the church,
the sexton had*.

At the Coronation of King James II., the Earl of Exeter, Sir
George Blundell, and Thomas Snaggs, as being seised of several
parts of the barony of Bedford, respectively claimed to execute the
office of Almoner; and, as the fees of that office, to have the silver
alms bason, and the distribution of all the silver therein, and of
the cloth, spread for their Majesties to walk on, as also the fine
linen towel, a ton of wine, &c. On reference to the King, to ap-
point which of them he pleased, the Earl was appointed, pro h4e
vice, with a salvo jure to the other two: but the silver dish, and the
cloth, from the throne in Westminster-hall, to the west door of the
Abbey Church, were only allowed -f..

HEYDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Peter Picot held the half of Heydene,, by the serjeanty of serving
with a towel at the Coronation of the King : and

Peter, the son of Peter Picot, held the other moiety, by the
serjeanty of serving with the basons J,

In the thirteenth year of King Edward I., John Picot held a
certain tenement in the town of Heydon, in the county of Essex,

* Cromp. 80. ronationem Regis. Petms filius Petri Picot

•\ Sandf. Hist. Coron. tenet aliam medietatem, per serjantiam s^r-

JPetrus Picot tenet dimid. Heydene, per viendi de bacinis. Lib. Rub; Scaci- 137.
aerjantiam servicQcli; cum una toalia^ ad Co*

bj the serjeantj of holding the towel before our lord the King
on the day of his Coronation. And Peter Picot held a certain
tenement in the same town, by the serjeanty of liolding the basons
of water at the GoiX)nation aforesaid *.

At the Coronation of King Richard II. Jolin Wiltshire, citizen of
London, exhibited into the court of the Lord High Steward of
England, a petition, to the following effect, yiz.

" To the most honourable lord the King of Castile and Leon,
Duke of Lancaster, and Steward of England. Your petitioner,
John Wiltshire, shews, that whereas the said John holds certain
tenements in Hej^don, held of our lord the King, by the service
of holding a towel when our lord the King shall wash his handa,
before dinner, on the day of his Coronation ; and that the moiety
of the said manor lately was in th« seisin of J. Picat, who held the
same of the Lord Edward, late King of England, great grandfather
to our lord the King that now is, by the same services, as appears
by the record of the exchequer of our said lord the King, and^
prays that he may be accepted to dp the said office of serjeanty, in
the form aforesaid.

" And, it appearing by the record of the exchequer of our lord
the King, in court shewn, that the aforesaid tenements are held of
our lord the King, by the services aforesaid; therefore he is admitted

* Johannes Pycot tenet quoddam tene- Pycot tenet quoddam tenementum, in eadem

nientum in villa de Heydon, in com. Essex, villa, per serjantiam tenendi pelves, ad aquam

per serjantiam tenend. manutergium coram dandam, ad Cprpnationem praedictam. Pla..

domino Rege, die Coronationis, Et Petrus Corpn. ISEdw. I. Blount, 27.

to do his service, by Edmund Earl of Cambridge, (the King's uncle)
his deputy; and so the same earl, in right of the said John, held
the towel when the lord the King washed his hands, the said day of
his Coronation, before dinner *."

At the Coronation of King James II., the lord of the manor of
Heydon, in Essex, claimed to hold the bason and ewer to the King,
by virtue of one moiety, and the towel, by virtue of another moiety
of the said manor, when the King washes, before dinner ; which
elaim was allowed as to the towel onlyf .

BRAMBELEGH, OR BROMLEY, COUNTY OF

MIDDLESEX.

The prioress of Saint Leonard of Stratford held fifty acres of
land in Brambelegh, in the county of Middlesex, by the service
of finding, for the lord the King, a man to hold the towel of the
same King at his Coronation:^.

* J. W. Counte (citoyen) de L. porrexit in farre in le forme suisdit. Et hoc appiert 4e

Cur. quandam petitionem in haec verba. Al r^jcord de scaccario domini Regis in Cur.

treshonorable seignior le Roy de Castile et de monstrat quod praedicta tenementa tenentur

leon, Duke de Lauc. et Seneshal d'Aqgl. de domino Rege per servitia praidicta. Ideo

vre suppl. J. W. que come le dit. J. tient admittatur ad servitium suum hujusmodi

cerfeine tenements in Heydon quels sont le faciend. per Edm. comitem. Cant, deputatuni

Hioytie del maner de Heydon tenus de nostre suum. Et sic idem comes in jure ipsius

seigniour le Roy, per son service le teyner un Johannis manutergia tenuit quando dominus

to\vell quant nostre seignior le Roy lavera ses Rex lavavit manus suas dicto die Coronationis

maynes devant manger le jour de son Coron- suas ante prandium. Crompt. Jurisdict. 86. b.

ment, et que le moytie de dit man. jades fuit -f Sandf. Hist. Coron.

in le season j. Pygot 4. le tyent de seign. E. ;j; Priorissa Beati Leon^di de Stretford

nadgayers Roy d'Engleter. Besayle nostre tenet quinquaginta acras terrae in «adem villa,

seigniour le Roy .que ore est per les services per servitium inveniendi domino Regi, unum

suisdits coe. appieit per record de I'eschequer hominem ad tenendum manutergium ipsius

nostre dit seigniour le Roy, et prya que il Regis in Coronatione sua. Pla. Coron. 22

poet estr. accept, au dit oflBce de serjeantie Edw. I. Blount, 66.

H WINFRED,

WINFRED, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Robert de Newborough held the manor of Winfred, in the
county of Dorset, together with the hundred there, of the King
in capite, by the service of giving water for the hands of our lord
the King, on the day of his Coronation ; and to have the bason and
ewer for the service aforesaid*.

•

At the Coronation of King James II., a claim was made, by the
lord of the manor and hundred of Winfred, to do this service,
which was not allowed : but he was left ta make his application to
the King, if he thought fit-j-.

ADDINGTON, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Robert Agyllon held one carucatelj: of land in Addington, in the
county of Surrey, by the sci^vice of making one mess, in an earthen
pot, in the kitchen of our lord the King,, on the day of his Coro-
nation, called Diligrout, and if there be fat§ (or lard) in the mess, it
is called Maupigyrnun ||.

Afterwards, in King Edward the Firsf^s time,, William Walcot held

* Robertus de Novoburgo tenuit maueriMm J Robertus J^guillon tenet unain carucatatn

de Winfred in com. Dorset, una cum hundredo terrse in Addington, ia Gomitatu Surrey

ibidem, de Rege in capite, per servitium dandi per serjantiam faciendi unum ferculum in oUa

aquam mauibus domiui Regis, die Corona- lutea, in coquina domini Regis, die Corona-

tionis suae, et babebit pelvem cum lavatorio tionis sua:, et vocatur Diligrout; et si sit Seym §

pro servitio praedicto. Inq. 12 Edw. 111. n.2. (Sagimen) in illo ferculo, vocatur Maupigyr-

Dorset. Blount, 29- nun jj. Placit. Coron. 39 H»n. III. Rot. 29.,

f Saiidf. Hist. Coron, dorso. Blount^, 1.

the

the manor of Addington by the same service*; only, in this record,
it 13 called a certain pottage called Maupigyrnun -f-.

This tenure is probably as old as the time of King Henry II. at
the least, for William Aquilon, who had naarried the heiress of
Bartholomew de Chene^y, held his land in Addintone, in Suryey,
which was the inheritance of the said Bartholomew, by serjeanty
of finding a cook at the King's Coronation, to dress victuals in the
King's kitchen :|:. And in the time of King Henry 11. William
Aguillum held three knights fees and a half, and a Bartholomew,
one knight's fee in the county of Surrey §, and it is very likely that
these were the very William Aquilon and Bartholomew de Cheney
above mentioned.

In Mr. Blount's time this manor was in the possession of Thomas
Leigh, Esq. who, at the Coronation of his then Majesty, King
Charles II. in the year 1661, brought up to the King's table a mess
of pottage called Diligrout, this service being adjudged to him by
the court of claims, in right of this his manor; whereupon the Lord
High Chamberlain presented him to the King, who accepted the
service, but did not eat of the pottage]}.

And at the Coronation of King James IL, the lord of the manor
of Bardolfe in Addington, Surrey, claimed to find a man to make a
mess of Grout in the King's kitchen ; and therefore prayed that the

* Escaet. 14 Edw. I. Num. l6. J Madox's Hist. Excheq. 453. Mad. Baron^

f Quoddam pottagium vocatum Maupigyr- Angl. 248.
aun. § Lib. Nig. Scacc. 121.

; "; II Mr. Ashmole's Narrative. Blount, 1.

^4 H 2 King's

King's master cook might perform that service : which claim was
allowed, and the said lord of the manor brought it up to the King's^
table*.

<iy- A carucate of land, a plow-land, or a hide of land, is not of
any certain content ; but as much as a plow can, by course of
husbandry, plow in a year ; and may contain a messuage, wood,
meadow, and pasture. And every plow-land, of ancient time^
was of the yearly value of five nobles {£1. 13s. 4d.) per annum;
and this was the living of a plowman or yeoman. 1. Inst. 69. a.

[j-f If Seym, Mr. Blount has rendered the Latin word sagimen, by?
the general term of fat, which the editor thinks does not suffi-
ciently express the sense of it ; as it particularly means the fat
or lard of SAvine that covers the kidneys, &c. This kind ©f fat,
and no other, is in Yorkshire, and the northern counties, to thi»
day, usually called by the name of saim, and in Kent seam :;
perhaps from the sain doux of the French, which signifies hog's>
lard ; or rather from the British word saim^ sewet. Lhuyd's
Archaelog. 285. E.

That part of the manor of Addington, which belonged to the
Aquillons and Bardolfs, was, and still is, held by a very singular
species of grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of presenting a
certain dish to the King on the day of his Coronation. Of the
origin of this service it seems not an improbable conjecture, that
the manor was an appendage to the office of the King's cook.

* Sandf. Hist. CoroH,.

as Riclimond then Shene, antiently was to the office of butler. It
is certain that TezeUn, the cook, held it of the Conqueror; being
afterwards separated from the office, the nature of the serjeanty
might continue, though confined to the service of presenting a
dish to the King once in his reign. The service and the dish are
variously described in the different records. Bartholomew Cheney*
is said to have holden Addington by the service of finding a cook
to dress such victuals in the King's kitchen, as the Seneschal shall
order. This was, in fact, only executing the office of cook by
deputy; and his son-in-law William Aguillon-f heM it by the ser-
vice of making hastias :J, as the record expresses it, in the King's
kitchen, on the day of his Coronation, or of finding a person who
should make for him a certain pottage called the mess of Gyron ;
or if seym § be added' to it, is called Maupygeraon ; the seym in
another record is called unguentum. Sir Robert Aguilion |( held
it precisely by the same service, and the dish is mentioned by
the same name (viz le mess de Gyron) in the Pleas of the Crown ;
though Blount** has quoted it thence by the name of Diligrout,
and Aubrey has copied his mistake. Thomas Bardolf -j -f-, who died
seised of Addington in the reign of Edward the Third, held it by
the service of making three messes of Maupygernon at the Coro-
nation, one of which he was to present to the King, another to the
Archbishop of Canterbury, and the third to whomsoever the King

* Mag. Rot. 18 Hen. III. Surrey. they make lard. Some derive it from the Latin

f Harl. MS. Brit. Mus.SlS. f. 22,. b. word seviim, suet.

J^The word hastia does not occur in any of || Placit. Coron. 39 Hen. Ill, m. 33, and

the Glossaries. Esch. 14 Edw. I.

^ Seym or Seim,, is a Saxon. word, signify- ** Blount's Jocular Tenures, p. 1 ; and Au-

ing fat; it is still in use amongst the butchers, brey's Antiquities of Surrey, vol. ii. p. 39.

and is usually spelt Seam ; it is now generally ff Esch. 5 Edw. III.
applied to- the omentum of a pig, of which

would.

would. This service is still kept up, and a dish of pottage was
presented to the present King at his Coronation by Mr. Spencer,
as lord of the manor of Addington ; but I cannot find that there
exists any antient * receipt for the making of it f.

LISTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In the 41st of Edward IlL Joan, the wife of William Leston, held
the manor of Overhall in this parish, by the service of paying for,
bringing in and placing of five wafers before the King as he sits
at dinner upon the day of his Coronation J.

Richard Lions held the said manor after her, by the service of
making wafers upon the day of the King's Coronation, and of
serving the King with the same w^^fers as he sits at dinner the
same day§,

Godfrey Fitz John || held certain lands in Liston in the county
of Essex, of our lord the King, by the service of making wafers
at his Coronation**.

* In a colleotion of antient cookery receipts chicken parboyled and chopped, &c- See pa.

of the thirteenth century, printed at the end of 466, of Household EstablishoEtents, 4to. 1790.

the Royal Household Establishoients, pub- -j- Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i. pp.

lislied by the Society of Antiquaries, is a receipt 5, 6, 49, 50, and notes,

to make a dish called Bardolf ; though there J Abstract. Rec. in Scaccar. anno 41 Edw.

is no evidence to support it, it would not be an IH. Weever's Fun. Monum. p. 384.

unfair conjecture, as the Bardolfs were lords of | Anno 5 Ric. II. Weever's Fun. Monum.

Addington at the period above-mentioned, to 384.

suppose, that this might be the disii in question ; |j G odefridus filius Johannis.

it was called a pottage, and consisted of almond ** Blonnt, 25.
mylk, the brawn of capons, sugar, and spices,

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. William le Venoure, by
reason that he was tenant of the manor of Lyston, claimed and ob-
tained to exercise the office of making wafers for the King, the day
of his Coronation *.

At the Coronation of King James II. the lord of the manor oif
Liston in Essex, claimed to make wafers for the King and Queen,
and serve them up to their table ; to have all the instruments of
silver, and other meted, used about the same, with the linen, and
certain proportions of ingredients, and other necessaries, and
liveries for himself and two men : which claim was allowed, and
the service, with his consent, performed by the King's officers, and
the fees compounded for at ^30 -j-.

At the CTbronation of their present Majesties, William Campbell
ef Liston Hall, Esq. as lord of this manor,, claimed to do the same
service,, which was allowed ; and the King was pleased to appoint
his son, William Henry Campbell, Esq. to officiate as his deputy^,
who accordingly attended, and presented the wafers to their Ma-
jesties.-

THE EARLDOM OF LINCOLN.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. John Beaufort, Earl of
Somerset, half brother to the King, to whom the King, in right of
his Earldom of Lincoln, had granted to be carver, the day of his>
Coronation, claimed that office, and had it granted :|:.

* Grotnp. 86, t Sandf, Hist. Coron. 129. J Cromp. 84, b^

WETHERSFELD

WETHERSFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Hugh de Nevill held the manor of Wethersfeld in the county of
Essex of the King, in capite, by the service of setting the first dish
at the King's right-hand, on his Coronation-day, and he was to have
the dish and towel *

BILSINGTON, COUNTY OF KENT.

The prior of Bilsington held a certain part of a serjeanty in Bil-
sington, in the county of Kent, by serving the lord the King with
his cup on Whitsunday -f.

The ancestors of the Earl of Arundel used to hold the manor of
Bilsington, in the county of Kent, which is worth jCxx.x a year, by
the serjeanty of being butler of our lord the King, on Whit-
aunday X-

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. Thomas Earl of Arundel,
chief butler of England, obtained to exercise that office the day of

* Hugo de Nevile tenuit matier de Welhers- costes, de coupa sua. In Rot. Hundred, anno

ield, in com. Essex, deR. in capite, per servic' 3 Edw. I. Rot. 7- Kane. Blount, 62.

assedendi propinquior' ferculuin a dextris Regis J Antecessores Comitis Arundel solebant

die quo portat Coronam, -et habebit discum et ienere manerium de Bilsynton, in^com. Kantise

tuellam. Esc. temp. R. H. fil. Reg. Johannis. quod valet per ann. ^xxx per serjantiam .es-

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 7- sendi pincerna domini Regis in die Pente-

■f Prior de Bilsington tenet quandam par- costes. Pla. Coron. 21 Edw. I. Rot. 27. Kane,

tern serjantiae in Bilsington, in com. Kantiae, Blount, Gl.
ad serviendum dominum Regem, die Pente-

the

the Coronation, and had the fees thereto belonging granted to
him,, to wit, the goblet with which the King was served, and other
things to that his office appertaining ; the vessels of wine excepted
that lay under the bar, which were adjudged to the Lord Steward »
the said Earl of Arundel's claim notwithstanding*.

At the Coronation of King Charles II. Robert Bernham, Esq.
held the manor of East Bilsington in the county of Kent, of the
King, by the service of presenting the King with three maple cups
on the day of his Coronation, which service was performed at the
Coronation of the said King by Erasmus Smith, Esq. in behalf of
fhe said Robert Bernham -j-.

And a claim to do the like service was made at the Coronation
of King James II. by the lord of the manor of Nether Bilsington in
Kentj and allowed J.

KENNINGHALL, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

At the Coronation of King James II. the Duke of Norfolk, as
Earl of Arundel, and lord of the manor of Kenninghall, in Norfolk,
claimed to perform, by deputy, the office of chief butler of England,,
and to have, for his fees, t^e best gold cup and cover, with all the
vessels and wine remaining under the bar, and all the pots andi
cups, except those of gold or silver, in the wine-cellar after dinner :
which claim was allowed, with only the fee of a cup and ewer §,

* Cromp. «5, b. t Sandf. Hist. Coron.

•f Narrative of Elias Ashmole, Esq. Hount, § Ibid.

7. ' ''

I THE

THE LORD MAYOR and CITIZENS OF LONDON.

In the year 1337 the following petition was exhibited to the King
in Council, viz.

*' To our lord the King and his Council, Richard de Bettoyne of

London sheweth ; that whereas, at the Coronation of our lord the

King that now is, he being then Mayor of London, performed the

office of Butler, with three hundred and sixty valets, clothed in the

same livery, each one carrying in his hand a white silver cup, as

other Mayors of London have time out of mind used to do, at the

Coronation of the King's progenitors ; and the fee appendant to

that service, that is to say, a gold cup with a cover, and an ewer o£

gold enameled, was delivered to him by the assent of the Earl of

Lancaster, and other great men, then of our lord the King^s

council, by the hands of Sir Robert de Wodehouse ; and now there

comes an estreat out of the exchequer, to the Sheriffs of London,.

for the levying of ^89. 12s. 6d. for the said fee, upon the goods and

chattels of the said Richard, wherein he prays that remedy may be

ordained him. And the Mayor and Citizens of Oxford are bound

by charter, to come to London, at the Coronation, to assist the-

Mayor of London, in serving at the feast, and so have always used

to do. Or, if it please our lord the King,^ and his council, we will

willino-ly pay the fee, so that we may be discharged of that

service *.''

This

* A nostre seignour le Roy et a son Conseil q'ore est, il adonque Meire de Londres fesoit
monstie Richard le Bettoyne de Loundres, qe I'ofBce de Botiller cue cecLX vadletz vestuz
come au Coronement nostre seignour le Roy d'une sute, ehescun portant en sa maime uii

Coupe

' This Richard de Bettoyne, who was Lord Mayor of London in
the years 1326 and 1327, 1st. Edw. III. is by Stowe called Rich-
ard Britaine, goldsmith : and by Maitland, Betayne.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the citizens of London,
chosen forth by the city, served in the hall, as assistants to the
Lord Chief Butler, whilst the King sat at dinner, the day of his
Coronation. And when the King entered into his chamber, after
dinner, and called for wine, the Lord Mayor of London brought to
him a cup of gold, with wine, and had the same cup given to him,
together with the cup that contained water to allay the wine. After
the King had drunk, the said Lord Mayor and Aldermen of Lon-
don had their table to dine at^ on the left hand of the King, in
the hall*

At the Coronation of King James II. the Lord Mayor and Citi-
zens of London claimed to serve the King with wine, after dinner,
an a gold cnp^ and to have the same cup and cover for his fee ;
and, with twelve other citizens by them appointed, to assist the
■chief butler of England in the butlership, and to have a table on

Coupe blanche Jargent, come antres Meirs de ^lxxxix xiis. vid. pur le fee avantdit,

Londres ount faitz as Coronementz des proge- dont il prie que remedie lai soil ordeyne. Et

nitours nestre seignour le Roy, dont »iemorie le Meire et Jes Citeyns ^i'Oxenford ount pev

die court, et le fee q'appendoit a eel jorne, cest point de chartre, quils vendront a Londres a

asavoir un Coupe d'or ove la covercle et un Ten Coronement d'«yder le Mcire de Londres

Ewer d'or enamaille, lui fust livere per assent par servir a la fest «t touta ount usee. Et si il

.du Counte de Lancastre et d'autfes grant? plest a nostre seignour le Roy €t a son Conseil,

Ma' adonques y furent dii conseil nostre nous payerons volenters le fee, issent que nous

seignour le Roy per la Maine Sire Robert soyoms descharges de la service. Petit, in

Ae WodehQuse: et ore vient en estreite as Pari. Ann. 11 Edw. IIL Blount, 121.

Viscountes de Londres hors del Chekker de * Cromp. 85, b.
faire lever de biens et cbateux du dit Richard

1 2 the

the left hand of the hall : which claim was not allowed, because
the liberties of the city were then seized into the King's hands, by
virtue of the judgment, in quo warranto, given against them, in
Trinity Term, 35 Car. II. then unreversed ; but yet they executed
the office, ex gratia, and dined Jn the hall, and had a gold cup for
their fee *.

At the same time, the said Lord Mayor and Citizens of London,
claimed to serve the Queen in like manner, and were only dis-
allowed at that time, for the same reason -f^..

At the Coronation of his late Majesty, King George II. the same
service was performed by Sir John Eyles, Baronet, Lord Mayor
of London, and John Boyce,^ Esq. Mayor of Oxford, who was.
knighted on that occasion J.

And at the Coronation of their present Majesties, this service
was performed by Sir Matthew Blackiston, Knight, (afterwards
created a Baronet) assisted by Thomas Munday, Esq. Mayor of
Oxford, who was knighted on that occasion..

THE MAYOR and BURGESSES OF OXFORR

The Mayor and Burgesses of Oxford, by charter, claim to serve
in the office of butlership to the King, with the citizens of London^
with all fees thereunto belonging : which claim was allowed at
the Coronation of King James II. and to have three maple cups
for their fee. They had also, ex gratia, allowed a large gilt bowl
and cover §.

* Sandf. Hist. Coron. t li^'d. + Compl. Copjhold, 372. § Sandf. Hist. Coron.

BUCKEJ^HAM,

BUCKENHAM, &c. COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

John Knyvett held the manors of Old Bokenham, New Bo-
kenham, Lathes, with two parts of the manor of Grishag, in the
town of Wymondham, in the county of Norfolk, with the appur^
tenances, which were held of the late King (Richard IIL) in capite,
by the service of being butler to our lord the King on the day of
his Goronatioii*.

GRISHAWE AND TOPCROFT, COUNTY OF

NORFOLK.

John de Clyfton held a part of the manor of Grishawe in Wy-
mondham, in the county of Norfolk, by the service of being butler
at the King's Coronation, and the manor of Topcroft by the afore-
said service -f-;

FIFE, SCOTLAND.

This shire, as well as the rest in tlie kingdom, was formerly
subject to a Thane, i. e. in the old Saxon knguage, as in the present
Danish, a servant to the King: but Malcolm Canmore appointed
Macduff, who before was Thane of Fife, first hereditary Earl of

* Etibm. continetur quod dictus JohaMiies tibnis suoe. Mich'is fines anno xj"". Regis H,

Knyvett onera'tus fuit de xxi" de relevid suo Septimj. Harl. MS. Brit. M'us. No, 5174, p;

pro castro de Bokenham cum pertin-ac ma. 13-

neriis de veteri Bokenham, nova Bbkenham, f Johannes de Clyfton partem m. de Gri-

Lathes, et.duobus partibus m. de Grishagh, shavve in Wymondham, per serviciam pincernae

in villa de Wymondham, cu' ptin' in dco com. ad Cqronationem Regis, etm.de Topcroft per

NorfF. que de dc5 nup. Rege tenebantur in C. praedictum servitium. Esc. 11 Rici'. scdi',.

per servic' essendi pincerna Regis die Corona- Ibid. No. 2087; p. 218,

Fife,

Fife, for his services, granting^ to his posterity the right of placing
the King in his chair at his Coronation, the command of the van in
the King's army, and power to compound for a sum of money for
the accidental murder of a nobleman or commoner by any of them.
There still remains, not far from Lundoris, a stone cross, which
served as a boundary between Fife and Strathern, with an inscrip-
tion in barbarous verses, which had such a right of sanctuary, that
a murderer within the ninth degree of relation t® Macduff, Earl
of Fife, if he could reach this cross, and pay nine cows with a
heifer [*], should be acquitted of the murder*.

[*] Colpindach.

STAPELTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Geoffry de St, Clare holds Stapelton of our lord the King by
serjeanty, to wit, of bearing one towel before our lady the Queen,
at Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christmai?^ and at the King's Corona-
tion-j-.

WIMONDLEY, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Richard de Argentync heldWillemundele, by serjeanty of serving
with one silver cup at the King's Coronation J.

Reginald de Argentyne, in King Edward the First's time, was
seized of the manor of Great Wylmondele, (now called Wimble, in

* Gough's Camden, Edit. 1789. vol. iii, & Pentecost', 8c ad nativitatem diii & ad dni

p. 571. Regis Coronationem. Testa de Nevil, p. 162.

•fGalfridus de Sco' Claro tenet Stapelton de t Ricardus de Argeiitoem tenet Willamdele

dno per serjantiam scilicet per unam tualliam per serjantiam serviendi cum una cuppa argen-

ferendam coram diia Regina ad festum Pasch' tea, ad Coronationem Regis. Lib. Rub. Scacc

the

the county of Cambridge*) which he held by grand serjeanty,
to serve our lord the King, on the day of his Coronation, with a
silver cup, by order of the Lord High Steward i*.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV,, Sir William Argentyne, by
reason of hi» tenure of his manor of Willumdale, in the county of
Hertford, served the King of the first cup of drink, which he tasted
©f at his dinner the day of his Coronation. The cup was of silver,
ungilt, which the same knight had for his fees. Notwithstanding
the petition which John Fitzwarren presented t6 the Lord Steward,
requiring that office, in right of his wife, the Lady Maudy daughter
and heir ta Sir John Argentyne, Knight $•

Atthe Coronation of King Charles H. this manor had descended to
^e Lord Allingtpn, who> at the Coronation dinner of the said King,
carried the King his first draught of drink, in a silver-gillt' cup;
the office of cup-bearer, as also the fee, having been adjudged to
hina by the Court of Claims, in right of this manor; and when the
King had drank,, lite said Lord AUington received the cup for his
f«e|.

And at the Coronation of King James IT. the like claim was made
Tby the lord of Ibis manor, and allowed ||i

* Wimondley in com.- Hertford, potius; | Cromp, 85*

t Escaet. 1 1 Edw. I. n. IQ. Cant. Hmfordi § Blount, 78.

^com. Hertford) Blouat, 78. • \\ Sandf. Hist. Coron. 133.

CHENES,

CHENES, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Otho de Grandison, and John de Valletort, and Alice his wifie,
held the town of Chenes, by serjeanty of finding, on the day of the
King's Coronation, two white cups at dinner ; and now it is rented
at VIII shillinffs*.

ASHELEE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

William de Hastings, being steward to King Henry I., held that
office by serjeanty, in respect of the tenure of his manor of Ashele,
in the county of Norfolk, by the service of taking charge . of the
napery, (table clothes and other linen,) at the Coronation of the
Kings of England -j-.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. the Lord Leonard Grey of
Ruthyn, by reason of his manor of Ashelej, in Norfolk, covered
the tables ; and had for his fee, all the table cloths, as well those in
the hall, as elsewhere, when they were taken up : notwithstanding
a petition exhibited by Sir John Drayton to have had that office ^,

And at the Coronation of King James II., the then lord of the
said manor claimed to perform the said office, and have the fees,
&c. His claim was not allowed, because he had not his evidence
ready to make it out, but with a salvo jure |.

* Othonus de Grandison et Johannes de et modo arrentata est ad viiis. Plac. Coron*
Valletorta, et Alicia uxor ejus, tenant villam 19 Hen. III. Surrey^ Blount, 82.
de Chenes, de serjantia inveniendi, die Core- f Testa de Nevile. Norf. SufF. Slount, 13.

uationis Regis, duo? albos ciphos ad prandium ; J Cromp. 85.

§ Sandf. Hist. Coron. 132.

SCULTON,

SCULTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV., Edmund Chambers claimed
and obtained the office of principal larderer, for him and his depu-
ties, by reason of this manor of Sculton, otherwise called Burdel-
byn-Sculton, in the county of Norfolk*.

The manor of Sculton, otherwise cialled Burdos or Burdelois in
Norfolk, was held by this tenure ; that the lord thereof, on the
Coronation-day of the Kings of England, shouW be chief lar-
diner-f'.

At the Coronation of King James II., the lord of the manor of
Sculton, alias Bourdelies, in Norfolk, claimed to be chief larderer ;
and to have forTiis fees, the provisions remaining, after dinner, in
the larder. Andonireference'to the King, it appearing ihat other
manors were also severally held by the same service, the lord of this
manor was xippoiated, pro .hac yice, to do the office, but with a
salvo iure to the other claimants ±. ,^ ,

EAST-HAM, EYSTAK, OR ESTON AT THE MOj^NX
COUNTY OF ESSEX.

'Ralph de Moigue (an error in Blount for le Moigne) [or the Monk]
held East-Ham, in Essex, by serjeanty,4hat he should be caterer
(or purveyor) of the lord the King in his kitchen'§. ' * ;

* Cromp. 86. § Radulphus de le Moigne, &c. ut sit

♦}• Camden in Norfolk. Blount, 10. «mptor domitii Regis in coquina-sua. Pla. Co-

X Sandf. Hist. Coron. iSS. ' ron. apud Chelmesf. 11 Hen. HI. Blount, 26.

'^' K Henry,

Henry, son and heir of William le Moigne, fined in ^xviii for
relief of his land of Eystan, which he held of the King in capita^
by the serjeanty of the King*s lardinary. Ralph le Moigne^ ancestor
of Henry, held the land by the same serjeanty ; and the land was
worth ^xviii a year, as appeared liy the roll*.

At the Coronation of Kino; Jam«s II. the lord of the manor of
Eston at the Mount, in Essex, claimed the offices of larderer and
caterer ; but his claim was at that time disallowed, with a saivo jure ;
and the King appointed the lord of the manor of Sculton to exercise
the same pro hae vice -f-.

N. B. Blount did not make all his extracts himself.

KIBWORTH-BEAUCHAMP, COUNTY 0¥ LEICESTER.

At the Coronation of King Henry IV. Thomas Beaujehampe, EarE
of Warwick, was panterer, by right of inheritance '!^. But whether
he claimed the office, as being lord of this manor,, or otherwise,,
does not plainly appear. But

Queen Elizabeth, in the first year of her reign, granted to Siir
Ambrose Dudley, (afterwards Earl of Warwick) the manor of Kib-
worth-Beanchamp, in the county of Leicester; to hold by the ser-
vice of being pantler to the Kings andQueens of this sealm, at theis
Coronations §.

* Madox's Excheq. 220. ij: Cromp. So.

f Sandf. Hist. Coron. 133. ^ Pat 1 Eliz. Blount, S6.

KINGESHAM,

KINGESHAM, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

John de Daufeeny, holds his manor at Kingesham in the county
of Gloucesfter, by the seFJcanty of keeping the door of the pantry
of our lord the King ; and the said John said, that on the day of
the Coronation of our lord the King, that now is (Edward the
Fiies>t) he did his service in his proper person *.

THE HUNDRED OF MIDDLETON, COUNTY OF KENT.

William de Leyburn, holds his land of our lord the King, by
«erjeanty of keeping the larder of our lord the King, the day on
which our lord the King shall wear his crown -f-.

SCRIVELSBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Robert de Marmion, Lord of Fonteney in Normandy, and here-
ditary champion to the dukes thereof, was, by King William the
Conqueror, for his services, rewarded with the Castle of Tamworth,
in the county of Warwick, and territory adjacent, which had been
the royal demesnes of the Saxon Kings ; receiving, about the same
time, the office of hereditary champion to the King of England
his heirs and successors, to him and his heirs ; to be held, either
by tenure of this castle, or of the manor of Scrivelby in Lincoln-
shire ; it is not quite certain which.

* Johannes de Daubeny tenet manerium f Willielmus de Leyburn tenet terram suam

siium apud Kingesham in <:oni. Glouc. per de domino Rege per serjantiam ad custodien-

serjantiam custodiendi ostium panetrise domini dum lardarium domini Regis, die quo dominus

Regis. Et prsedictus Johannes dicit quod die Rex portabit Coronam. In Rot. Hundred.

Coronationis domini Regis nunc, fecit serjan- anno 3 Edw. I. Rot. 7. Kane. Blount,

tiam suam in propria persona. Pla. Coron. 63.
i5 Edw. I. Glouc. Blount; 58.

K 2 From

From this Robert de Marmion, there were four successive Baron;»
de Marmion, of Tamworth Castle, and hereditary champions of
England, in regular descent; the last whereof, Philip, a great
baron of his time, dying in the twentieth of Edward I., without
issue male, his inheritance came to be divided amongst his four
daughters* and heirs; the eldest of whom, Joan, then the wife of
William Moretein, upon partition of the lands, having the Casde of
Tamworth for her share, died seised thereof, about three years
after, leaving no issue ; whereupon, by agreement between the rest
of the co-heirs, the same was allotted to Alexander de Freville,
who had married Mazera, daughter and heir of Ralph de Cromwell,
by Mazera, the second of the daughters f and co-heirs of Philip,
last Lord Marmion of Tamworth, which Alexander, then Sir Alex-
ander de Freville, Knight, performed the office of champion, at
the Coronation of King Edward III., as owner of the said castle.

At the Coronation of King Richard II., Sir Baldwin Freville,
Knight, Lord of Tamworth, grandson of Aliexander de Freville,
exhibited his claim to be the King's champion on that day, and to
do the service appertaining to that office, by reason of his tenure of
the Castle of Tamworth, viz. to ride completely armed, upon a
barbed horse, into Westminster-hall, and there to challenge the
combat with whomsoever should dare to oppose the King's title to
the crown ; which service the Barons de Marmion, his ancestors,
lords of that castle, had thentofore performed. But

Sir John Dymoke, Knight, counter-claimed the same office, as

* Or Sisters. f Or Sisters.

Lord

Lord of Scrivelby, in Lincolnshire ; whicli had descended to him
by an heir female of Sir Thomas Ludlow, Knight, husband of
Joane, the youngest of the daughters * and co-heirs of Philip, the
last Lord Marmion of Tamworth, before-mentioned : whereupon
the Constable and Marshal of England appointed the said Sir John
Dymoke to perform the ojffice for that time ; with a salvo jure to
Freville : since which time the Dymoke family have ever retained
this honour -f-, for the space, now, of above four hundred' years.

At the Gbronation of King Henry IV Thomas Dymocke, in right
of his mother, Margaret Dymocke, by reason of the tenure of his
manor of Scrivelby, claimed to be the King's champion at his
Coronation, and had his suit panted him.; notwithstanding a claim
exhibited by Baldwin Freville (son of the former Baldwin)' de-
manding that office, by reason, of his Castle of Tamworth in War-
wickshire. The said Dymocke had, for his fees, one of the best
coursers in the King's stabJe, with the King's saddle, and all the
trappers and harness appertaining to the same horse or courser.
He had likewise one of the best armours in the King's armoury for
his own body,, with all that belonged, wholly thereunto :|:>

At the Coronation of King Charles IL Sir Edward Dymock, to
whom the Court of claims had adjudged the office of the King's
champion,, in right of his manor of Scrivelsby, entered Westmin-
ster-hall, a little before the second course was served up, on a
goodly white courser, armed at aU points,- in rich armour, and
baving a plume of blue feathers in his helm. He there made a

* Or Sisters. J Cromp. 85, b.

t CoUins's Peerage, 5tb edit. vol. vi. page 338.

stand

stand for some time, and then advanced, in manner following, way
being made for him by the Knight-marshal.

First, two Trumpets.

The Serjeant Trumpeter.

The Serjeant at Arms,

An Esquire, carrying a target, having the champion's own arms

depicted thereon.

An Esquire, carrying the champion's lance, upright,
Mr, Owen, York Herald.

The Earl Marshal, The Lord High Con-
on horseback. The ChAMPIOX. stable, on horse-
on the left' back, on the right-
hand, hand.

At the lower end of the hall, York Herald proclaimed tlie chal-
lenge in these following words, viz.

" If any person, of what degree soever, high or low, shall deny
or gainsay our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second, King of
England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, son
and next heir to our Soyereign Lord Charles the First, the last King
deceased, to be right heir to the imperial crown of this realm of
England, or that he ought not to enjoy the same, here is his Cham-
pion, who saith that he lieth, and is a false traitor, being ready in
person to combat with him ; and in this quarrel will adventure his
Jife against hira, on what day soever he shall be appointed."

Thereupon

Thereupoif tltte champion threw down his gauntlet, which lying
some small time, and nobody taking it up, it was delivered to him
again by York Herald. Then all advanced forward, until the
champion came to the middle of the hall, where York Herald made
the like proclamation, and the gauntlet was^ again thrown down,
and, after some time returned to the champion, who advanced to
the foot of the steps, ascending to the State ^ and at the top of the
steps, the said herald proclaimed the challenge the third time,
whereupon the champion threw down his gauntlet again, which
nobody taking up, it was finally deUvered to him^

This beln^ done,, the EarF of Pembroke and Montgomery, with
Viscount Montague and the Lord Paget, his assistants, presented,
©n the knee, to the King, a gilt cup, with a cover,, fuH of wine, who
drank to his Champion,, and, by ihe said earl, sent him the cup,
who, after three reverences, drank it all off, went a little backward,
and sa departed the hall, takings the cup for his fee,, according a*
had been adjudged him by the court of claims *»

At the Coronation of King James H. the King's Champion
claimed to perform his office, as lord of the manor of Scrivelsby,
and to have a gold cup and eover„ wi«th the horse on which he rides,
the saddle, armour, and fiirniture, and twenty yards of crimson
satin: which claim was allowed, except as to the said twenty
yards of satin>

The said office was also counter-claimed by another branch of
the family, but not allowed -^f-.^

* Narrative of Elias Ashmole, Ess{. I66I. Blount,4,- t Sandf. Hist.-Coron.

At the Coronation of their present Majesties, 22d September,
1761, the office of Champion was performed by John Djmocke,

Esq*

SECT. IV.

(yf Grand Serjeanties performed, in respect • of Manors.
Lands or Tenements, at other Times, and on other Occa-
sions than the Coronations of the Kings and Queens
of England^

CRESWELL, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Hugh de Saint Phihbert holds the manor of Creswell, in the
county of Berks, by the serjeanty of carrying bottles of wine, for
the breakfast of our lord the King, and it was called the serjeanty
of the Huse, through the kingdom of England -f-,

WINTERSLEW, COUJVTY OF WILTS.

John de Roches holds the manor of Wjnterslew In the county
of Wilts by the service, that when our lord the King should abid«

* For an historical account of .the Corona- tiam ducendi butellos vini ad jentaculum do-

tions of King James the Second and his Queen mini Regis, et vocatur ilia Serjantiu'de ia Huse,

Mary, and of their present Majesties, see the per regnum Anghae. Elac. Coron. apud Wiu-

Appendix at the end of this work. desore, 12 Edw. I. Rot. 40. in Dorso. Blount,

t Hugo de Sancto Philiberto tenet mane- 40.
rium de Creswell, in com. Berks, per serjaa-

at Clarendon, he should come to the palace of the King there, and
go into the butlery, and draw out of any vessel he should find in
the said butlery, at his choice, as much wine as should be needful
for making a pitcher of claret, which he should make at the King's
charge ; and that he should serve the King with a cup, and should
have the vessel from whence he took the wine, with all the remainder
of the wine left in the vessel, together with the cup from whence
the King should drink that claret *,

EPPINGES AND WALTHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Richard Fitz-Aucher holds his tenement in Eppinges and Wal-
tham,, by serjeanty to attend before the Kingf-.

A HOUSE IN LONDON.

King John granted to William de Ferrars, Earl of Derby, a
house in London, in the parish of Saint 3Iargaret, which was
Isaac^s the Jew of Norwich, to be held of the King and his heirs,
by this service, to wit, that -he and his heirs should serve before
the King and his heirs at dinner, on all annual feasts, when they
-celebrated a feast, with his head uncovered, Without a cap, with a

, * Johannes de Roches tenet manerium de haliebit ^vas unde vinum extrahet, cum toto

Wkiterslewancom. Wilte«i, per serv-itium quod residuo vini iu eodem vase dimissp, simul et ci-

qiiando dominus Rex moram traxerit apud Cla- phum unde Rex potaverit clarettutn illu3.

rendon, tunc veniet ad palatium Regis ibidem, Escaet. 50 Edw. ni.*No. 24. Wilts. Blouot,

-et ibit in bottellarium, extrahet a quocunque vase 1 36.

ifl &ta bottellaria inventa, ubi eligere voluerit, t Ricardus filius Aucheri tenet tenementuni

vinum quantum viderit necessarium, pro fac- suum in Eppinges et Waltham per sesjantiam

tura uniUs picheri claretti, quod faciei ad Atcindre coram Rege. Lib. Rub. Scacc.
fiuinptus R«gi8 ; «t eerviet Reg$ de cipho, et

1. garland

garland of the breadth of thfe Uttle finger of him or his heirs, for
all service. Dated the 27th of June, in the 15th year of his reign*.

HOKE-NORTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Ela, Countess of Warwick, holds the manor of Hoke-Norton, in-
the county of Oxford, which was of the barony of D'oyly,. of ©ur
lord the King m capite, by the serjeanty of carving before the lord
©ur King,^ on Christmas day,^ and to have the knife of our lord the
King with which she carved -f.

EAST-WORDHAM, COUNTY OF HANTS.

John le Unz holds East-Wordhani in the county of SouthamptoB
of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of bearing a rod before our
lord the King ; and it is rented at one hundred sliillings a year %^

BONDBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Sir Edward Botiler, Knight, and Ann his wife, sister and heir
©f Hugli le Despen^er, hold the manor of Boncbby in the county

* Rex Johannes concessit Willielino de Fer- ^ Ela, Comitissa Warwici, tenet manerium.

larijs, coiuiti Dterby, domum quae fuit Isaac de Hoke-Norton, in com. Oxon. quod est de

Judaei de Non^ico, in handan, in parochia baroiria deOyty, de domino Rege in capite, per

Sanctae Margaretae. tenend. de nobis et liae- serjantiam scindendi coram domino Rege, die-

redibus nostris, per tale servitium, sciL quod natalis domini, et habere cultellum dominit

ipse et haeredes sui servieat coram nobis et he- Regis de quo scindit. Pla^ Coron, 13 Edvv-.

ledibus nostris, ad prandium omnibus festis I. Rot. 30, Oxon. Blount, 73.

iannualibus,q^uandofestumcelebrabimus, capite J Johannes le Unz teuet Est Wordham in-

discooperto, sine capello, cum una garlanda de com. Southampton de domino Rege^ per sers-

latitudine minoris digiti sui, vel haaredum su- jantiam portandi unam virgam coram domino

oruni,^ pro omni servitio. Dat. 27 Juiiii, IS Rege, et arentatur ad Cs. per annum. Pla..

regni. Ex libro magno Ducat. Xanc. Bloimt, Cor. 8Edw. I. Rot. 13, South. Blount, 84.

3'2.

of Lincoln, by tbe service of bearing a white rod before our lord the
King on the feast of Christmas, if the King should be in that
«ounty at the said feast *. , io'«>*

LUFFENHAM, COUNTY OF RUTLAND.

Thomas Beauchamp held. South Luffenham and other lands in
the county of Rutland, by service to be the King's Chamberlain in
the Exchequer -f'- ^

HERTLEGH, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Patrick de Chaiworth holds the manor of Hertlegh in the county
of Southampton, by performing the service of Chamberlain, at the
Exchequer of our lord the King J.

H0RN3tEDE, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

The jurors say, that the manor of Hornmede in' the county of
Hertford, which the La(dy Lora de Saundford holds iji dower, is 3,
«€rj©anty of our lord the King by being Chamberlain to our lady
the Queen |.

* Edvfardus Botiler, Chiv^ier, et Anna :J Patridus de Cadurcis tenet inaneriium de

-Mxor ejus, soror et haeres Hugonis le JDespen- Hertlegh in com. praedict. faciendo servitium

ser, tenent manerium de Bondby in com. Lin- Camerarii, ad scaccarium domini Regis. Pla.

«oIn, per servitium portandi albam virgam, Cor. 8 Edw. I. Rot. 13. South. Blount, 84.

-coram domino Rege in feste natalis Domini, si § Juratores dicunt quod manerium de Horn-

4dem Rex in eodem comitatu ad idemfestam .noede in 90m. H^,tford;^quod domina Loca de

interesset. Pas. Fines, 4 Hen. IV.iBjQuiiit, Sandford tenet in dotem, est serjantia domini

135. , Regas, essendi Camerarius dom,inaB Reginse.

t Fines, 14 >Edw. III. Blount, 23. ■ Pla. 7 Ed w. I. Rot. 39. Blouijt, 60.

L 2 SHREWS-

SHREWSBURY, COUNTY OF SALOP.

In Williavn the Conqueror's time, this citj (for so it was then
called) paid yearly seven pounds sixteen shillings and eight pence
de Gablo. They were reckoned to be two hundred and fifty-two
citizens, whereof twelve of the better sort were bound to watch
about the Kings of England when they lay in this city; aad as
many to attend them, with horse and arms, when they went fortli a
hunting: which last service, the learned Camden believes, was
ordained, because not many years before, Edric Streon, Duke of
the Mercians, a man of great impiety, lay in wait near this place,,
for Prince Afhelra, and barbai'ously murdered him, as he rode a
hunting *.

COPERLAND and ATTERTON, COUNTY OF KENT.

Solomon de Canipis (or Solomon At-field) holds certain land»
which are called Coperland (or Keperland) and Atterton in the
county of Kent, of our lord the King in capite, by the serjeantsy
and service of holding the head of our said lard the King, between
Dover and Whitsond, as often as he should happen to pass over sea
between those ports towards Whitsond '|\.

In another record it is said, that Solomon Attefeld held land" at
Keperland and Atterton in the county of Kent, by serjeanty, viz.

^ Domesday, tit, Sciropescire, Camd. tiam et servitium tenendi caput ipsius doniiui

Biit. Blouut, 111. Regis inter Dover et Whitsond, quoties. con-

•(• Solomon de Campis tenet quasdam terras tigerit ipsum inter praedictos portus transfre-

quje vocantur Coperland et Atterton in com. tare versas Whitsond. Plac. CoroiK 21 Edw.

Kane, de domino Rege in capite, per serjan^ I. Rot. 45. Kane. Blount, Q\.

that

that as often as our lord the King would cross the sea, the said
Solomon and his heirs ought ta go along with him, to hold his head
on the sea, if it was needful *.

Hearne, in his edition of the Black Book of the Exchequer, cit«s
the former record at length, in the following manner, tIz. " Con-
cerning serjeanties, the jurors.say, that Solomon de Campis, (&c. as
above.) And the jurors witness, that the aforesaid serjeant^' is entire,
and that the aforesaid Solomon fully performed the aforesaid ser-
Ttice : therefore," &c. -f-.

HOTON, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

The manor of Hoton in the county of Cumberland, is held of"
our lord the King in capite, by the service of being keeper of the
f«reM in the Haya of our lord ^e King at Flompton ; aiid besides
this, by the service of holding the stirrup of our lord the King,
whilst he should mount his horse in his Castle of Carlisle, and by
the service of paying 33 s. 4d. ayear at the King's exchequer at
Carlisle, by the hands of the sheriff of Cunaberland for the time
being X-

* Solomon Attefeld tenet terram apud Ke- Neve, Noroy, f. 72, a.. Libi nig, Scacc. 188.

perland et Atterton in com. Kanciae, perser- Edit. 1771-

jantiam, viz. quod quotiescunque dominus J Manerium de Hoton iii com. CumBr. te-

Rex viilt transire mare, idem Solomon et lias- nctur de domino Rege in capite, per servitiiim;

xedes sui. debent transire cum eo, ad tenendum forestae custodis in Haya domini Regis de

caput ejus, in mare, si necessefuerit. flaus. Plonipton, et ultra hoc,., per. seuvitium teneridi

i Edw. I". Blount, 63. slippam (another. CHorof Blount's for stipp^im

f De serjantiis (juratores) dicuntquod Sa-f or stipam, P.) sellaa domini. Regis dum equum

lomon de Gampis, Sac. Et juratores testantur suuni in Castro suo Carleoli scanderit, et pec

4|^od prsedicta seijantia integra est, et quod s^rvitium reddendiper ann. 33 s. 4d. ad Scac-

praedictus Salomon plene fecit prsedictum ser- carium Regis Carliol. per. manus vicecom;

«itium. Heo ipse, &c. ex MSj. penegjP. le Cumbriaa, qjii pro tempore fuerit. Esc. de

anno 5 Hen. VIL Blount, 31,

STAFFORD.

King Edward III. granted to Simon de Ruggelei and his heirs,
the Vineyard 11§11 near Staffoi'd, by the service of holding once the
Strigib' f of the King at his first mounting upon his palfreys every
time of his coming to Stafford*.

fllH Vinariam. Perhaps may mean a Vineyard, from Vinea.

% Strigib'. I am quite at a loss for the interpretation of this word,
but by the concurrent sense it seems to mean a Stirrup.

CAMBRIDGE.

The sartie kind of ^ant to Ralph Notton, by the same servici?>
when the King should Come toOambridge-j-.

ESSEBY, COtJNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

William Fitz Warin holds a third part of the town of Esseby,
in the county of Northampton, of the King of Scotland, by a certain
service, that he should hold his stirrup on his birth-day: and the
same King holds of the King of England in chief 4^-

* Rex concessit Simoni de Ruggelei, et f Pat. 16. Edw. III. p. 2. M. 16. Com-

heried' Vinariam juxta Stafford, pei- servic. liiunicated by Tho. Asile, Esq.

teneiidi semel Strigib' Regis ad jjriraum J Willielmus Filius Warini tettet tertiam

ascensuin suum super pakfridem suutn in partem villae de Esseby, in com. NorthatWpt.

ijuolibet adventu suo aptid Stafford. Pat. '20. de Rege Scotia?, per quoddam servitium, quod

Edw. HI. Mem. 33. Gommtinicated by tenedt Strepe suum die natalis. Et idem Rex

Tho. Astle, Esq. lenet de Rege Angliae in capite. Lib. Feod.

24. Edw. 1. f«, «92. Blouiit, 33.

HEMINGSTON,

HEMINGSTON, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Rowland le Sarcere held one hundred and ten acres of land In
Hemittgston, in the county of Suffolk, by serjeanty; for which, on
Christmas-day, every year, before our sovereign loini the King of
England, he should perform, altogether, and once, a leap, a puff, gind
a fart; (or, as Mr. Blount has it, he should dance, puff up his cheeks,
n\aking therewith a sound, and let a crack;) and, because it was
an indecent service, therefore it was rented, says the record,, at
XXTis. Tiiid. a year, at the King's exchequer*.

One Baldwin, also, formerly held those lands by th« sa;me ser-
vice; and was called by the nickname of Baldwin le Pettour,^ or
Baldwin the Farter K .^

SHIREFIELD, COUNTY OF HANTS.

John de Warbleton holds the manor of Shirefeld, in the county
©f Southampton, of the King in capite, by grand serjeanty, viz. by
the service of being Marshal of the Whores ||^|, and dismembering-
condemned Malefactors, and measuring the Gallons and Bushels in.
the King'^s h©u«ehold [|] -f-.,

* Simul et seme^ unum saltuin^ unum suf- J Johannes- de Warbleton tenet manerium

ftitn, et unum bombulum, or as we read else* de Shirefeld, in com. Southampton de Reg6 ia

wibere in French ua.saut, un pet, et un s^flet^ capite,permagnam.serjantiani,viz.perservitiun»

^mul et semel. Et quin indecens servitium:, essendi Mareschallus de ]VXeretricifous, disiiiem-

ideo arrentatur ad xxvis. viiid.per annum> brandi Malefactores adjiidicatos, et mensui-

ad Scaccarium 'Regis. Pla. Coron. MEdw.i. randi Galones et Bussellos in hospitio Regis-.

Rot. 6. Dorso. Suff. Blount, 10. Fin. Hil. 13 Edw. II. et Pasch. 1 Edw. IIL

•jr Bloant's Law Diet. tit. Serjeanty, BbWt;^ 1S6.

|1§|1 ]^Ir. Blount says, that the word Meretrices m former times
signified Laundresses, as well as Whores. But see further
und^r Guldeford,

[t] The late Lord Littleton, in his history of Henry II., denies
this tenure to be grand serjeanty, and says it was a petit ser-
jeanty of the meanest, and most dishonourable nature; and so
it really is, if the definition in Lyttleton's Tenures, cap. 8. sect.
153. be true; foi' there it is said, that grand serjeanty is where
a man holdshis lands of our sovereign lord the King, by such
services as he ought to do in his proper person to the King;
of Avhich kind this is not ; for though it was to be done for, it
was not to be done to the King. And yet, if Mr. Blount has
cited the record truly, it was certainly at that time understood
to have been a tenure by grand serjeanty; and his lordship
allows that Mr. Madox calls it so ; and that the record traces it
up as high as to the reign of King Henry IL Indeed the
distinctions between grand and petit serjeanty are so nice, that
the editor chooses, for the sake of a more methodical ari^nge-
ment of his materials, to refer such tenures as admit of dispute
to the next chapter^ where he treats of petit serjeanty.

STAUNTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Ileni'y de la Wade holds ten pounds %^X ^^ ^^nd in Staunton, in
the county of Oxford, by the serjeanty of carrying a Gerfalcon
every year, before our lord the King, whenever he shall please to
hawk with such falcons, at the cost of the said lord the Kino-*.

* Heiiricus de Ja Wade tenet decern libratas Regi placuerit gpaciari cutn hujusmodi fol-

terrac in Staunton, in com. Oxon, per sejrjai}- conibus, ad custas ipsios dotni^ii Regis. Pla.

tjam pofitandi unum Gerefalconem, quolibet Coron. 13 Edw. I. Rot. 26. Oxon. Blount,

auno, cotani domino Rege, quando domino 73.

%^X A pound of land (libra sive librata terrse) is commonly sup-
posed to contain fifty-two acres. But the quantity it con-
tained, was, amongst the ancients, evidently uncertain. It is
supposed to have varied according to the fertility or barrenness
of the soil ; and to have contained sometimes more, and some-
times fewer acres ; being as much as paid a yearly rent of an
English pound of twenty shillings*.

'!^% In Scotland when the tribute to the Danes, the ransom to the
English for King David, and the dowry of the Princess were
raised, a valuation by form of inquest or jury was put upon all
4he land in the country, in order to proportion the burden..
Thus in the former they were called shilling lands, and the
latter pound or pund lands, of old and new extent. These
sums were called, and are now acknowledged as, the valued rent
of Scotland, according to which the persons holding those
lands from the King are or are not entitled to vote for a mem-
' her of the shire, &c. Thus this note cannot, I think, allude to
a certain space of ground, but to ground which, probably at
the time of the Dane Gelt, yielded, or was proved would yield
ihe annual value of 20 s- sterling. W.

* Libram sive libratum terrae vulgo censent plures nunc pauciores complecteretur acras,

LII. acras continuisse, verum enim vero in- tot tamen e quibus annuus esset redditus libra,

certa plane fuit haec terrarutn apud veteres sive pro supputatione Anglo-Normannica X X

mensura. Ego existimo variam fuissepro soli, Solidi. Hearne. Lib. nig. Scacc. 95.
seu fertilitate; seu steriiitate ; adeo ut nunc

M PENKELLY

PENKELLY, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

John de Treveilly holds in Penkelly, in the county of Cornwall,
half a Cornish acre of land, by the serjeanty of receiving a Grey
Riding Hood 1|*|| at Pauleton Bridge, when the King should be
coming towards Cornwall, and of going to the Lord of the Bed-
chamber^, who, on the coming of the King, ought to carry it
thither and deliver it to the said John ; whi<;h said John ought to
carry that hood, with our lord the King, through all Cornwall*.

11*11 Mr. Blount translates the words Capa de Grisauco, by grey
cloak, from the French cape, a short and sleeveless cloak, or
garment, which, instead of a cape, has a capouche behind it ;
and gris, grey : but quaere, if the word cape may not more
properly be rendered a riding hood ?

f The words de domino de Cabilia, are by Mr. Blount supposed
to mean a Lord of the King's Bed-chamber; how truly, the
editor cannot determine.

Beckwith remarks, that Blount translated Capa de Grisauco a

* Johannes de Trevilly tenet in Penkelly, in adventa domiui Regis ibidem, deferre debet,

cona. Cornub. dimidiam acram terrae Cornu- et earn tradere eidem Johanni, qui quidem

biensem, per serjantian) recipiendi unam Johannes eaiidem capam ferre debet cum

Capam de Grisauco ad Pontem de Pauleton, domino Rege per totam Comubiam. Pla.

cum Rex fueritin veniendo versus Comubiam; Coron. de Ann. 12 Edw. I. Blount, 55.
et intranto de ~domino de Cabilia, qui earn in

grey cloak; but asks, may it not be rendered more properly;, a
riding hood? a question, I leave to be determined by more able
glossographical critics, adding only, that whether cloak or hood,
it certainly was by no means an unnecessary, but a very convenient
article for travelling, if we consider the coverings which our fore-
fathers wore on their head, (what were they?) and the moist weather
and heavy rains which so frequently occur in Cornwall : from
whence, and other instances I could mention, I apprehend, that
very many of the ancient tenures, however they may now appear
silly, ridiculous, absurd, indecent, and even immoral, were not
originally founded in whim and caprice, but were founded, and may
be even defended, upon the ground of necessity, conveniency, good
policy, &c.

Beckwith^s second remark is, that though the words " de domino
de -Cabilia," are by Mr. Blount supposed to mean " a Lord of the
Bed-chamber," how truly he cannot determine. Nor was it without
foundation, that Mr- Beckwith doubted, as the words rather refer
to a place, not a person or officer of the King, and at first sight
signify the Lord of Cabilia.

That such is their meaning the following will possibly prove :

1st. The printed Domesday, Cornwall, second column of the re-
verse of leaf 124.

** Almar tenet de Comite (i. e. Moritoniense) Cabulium."

M 2 2dly.

84
2dly. Carew's Survey of Cornwall, edit. 1769, page 45.

, " Serjantes Petrus fil. Ogeri 40 Cabulion per unam capara de
g-resenge in adventum diet. Regis in Cornubiam."

" Rogerus Cithared, 5 pro portanda ilia capa dum Rex fuerit
in Cornubia." Extract, de Rubro Libro de Scaecario, 143 Cornub.

3dly. Cabilia is a manor existing at this time in the possession
of George Hunt, Esq. and lies on the border of the parish of
Cardinham, near Bodmin, and may extend into the neighbouring
parishes of Warleggon and Broadoak.

The punctuation, then, of the original Latin tenure is false ; as,
instead of a semicolon after " versus Cornubiam,'^ there ought to
be a comma only (if any stop at all) and the greater pause ought
to be after " intrando;" by which means the sense will be very
different from the present English translation ; viz. instead of
" receiving a grey hood (or cloak) at Pauletpn Bridge, when the
King should be coming towards Cornwall, and of going to the
Lord of the Bed-chamber,^' it will be, " receiving a grey hood
(or cloak) at Pauleton Bridge, when the King should, be coming
towards Cornwall and entering, of the Lord of Cabilia," &c.

How Blount could translate " intrando de domino," going to
the Lord, I cannot conceive ; but as to the word " Cabilia,'^ hd
was possibly misled by its similarity to Cubile.

Pauleton, Poulston, or Polston Bridge, is about two miles from

Launceston,

Launceston, across the Tamar, which river divides the two counties
of Cornwall and Devon.

'As to the situation of « Penkellj," there is but one place of
that name, which occurs in Martin's large Map of Cornwall; and
that is situated in the parish of Pelynt and hundred of West, and
possibly from its vicinity to Pauleston Bridge, not being above
thirty miles at most distant, may be the place : to whom it belongs
at present I know not. But should the word " Penkelly" be
wrongly spelled, or mis-entered, for Pengelly or Pengilly, it will
be very diflBcult to determine the land held by J*ohn de Trevilly ; as
those names occur in the parishes of Breage, St. Neot, Creed, Si.
Breach, St. Teath, Blissand, Callington, Linkinghorn, St, Eue,
St. Wenn, and St. Erme ; and some of those places are as near, if
not nearer, than Penkelly in Pelynt^

And as to th« quantity of land, in modern measure, held by
John de Trevilly, that must also be still more uncertain ; as I am
inclined to think, that at this time it is almost impossible to ascer-
tain the contents of a Cornish acre at the sera of Domesday. Even
two centuries ago it was a difficult question, as appears from.
Hearne's Curious Discourses..

Lastly, we must take Petrux fil. Ogeri and Rogerus Cithared,
mentioned in Carew as taken from the Red Book of the Exchequer,
as the descendants of, or claimants under Almar in Domesday,
and John de Trevilly in Blount*.

* Gent". Mag. January, 1790, pp. U, 12.

In " Hals' History of Cornwall," under the article St. Breock,
I find that Hals agrees with me in the rendering: of " et intrando de
domino de Cabila;" but seems to think that Pengelly, in the
parish of St. Breock, is to be understood by Penkelly ; and Paw-
ton-bridge in the same parish, by Pauleton-bridge. Though I
allow that Pawton was formerly spelled Polton, and Is a very con-
siderable manor in St. Breock ; yet as there is only a trifling stream
which runs through that part of the parish, and over which there
never could have been a bridge of any note, I must still be of opi-
nion that Polston-bridge by Launceston is the bridge mentioned
in the tenure, from the very particular circumstance of the word
intrando *.

CABILIA, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Walter, son and heir of Ade de St. Margaret, gave to the King
sixteen pence for his relief [*] for certain tenements in Cabilia, which
he held of the King as of his Honor of Lanceneton, by the service
of paying to the King one grey cloak (or riding hood,) as often
as he should pass towards Cornwall through Pouleston-bridge -f.

[*] Relevium, a relief, or fine paid to the King by all who came to
the inheritance of lands held in capite, or military service, to re-
lieve, i. e. lift up again that which has fallen to the lord, or as it
were to redeem their estate and obtain possession of it. Kennet.

* Gent. Mag. July, 1790, p. 608. dendi Regi unam Capam d^ panno Criseo,

f \^'alterus, filius et heres Ade de Sancta quotiens Rex tiansitum fecerit versus Corniib.

Margareta, dat. iGd. de relevio suo pro qui- per Pontem de PoulestoU. De Termino

busdam ten. in Cabilia, et tenuit de Rege ut Pasche a°. 10°. E. 2. Harl. MS. No. 34,

de Hoiiore de Lanceuetoti, per servitium red- p. 74.

PENCOIT,

PENCOIT, COUNTY OF CORNWALL,

From whence was denominated an ancient family of gentle-
men surnamed de Pencoit. And here lived John de Pencoit,
probably a taylor, temp. Hen. III. and Edw. I. who held an acre
of land in Lamellyn, of 5s. price (that is to say, a Cornish acre,
consisting of sixty statute acres) for making and keeping the King's
gray coat, when he came into Cornwall, due out of Cabulion, from
Peter the son of Oger*. Polwhele, however, in his history of
Cornwall -f says, that this has been strangely misrepresented, for
that the words in Carew are, " Petrus fil. Ogeri 40 Cabulion. per
unam capam de gresenge in adventum dicti Regis in Cornubiam.
Rogerus Cithared 5 pro portanda ilia dum Rex fuerit in Cornu-
bia. Johan de Pencoit unam acram in Lamelyn, prec.de 5s. fa-
eiens ibidem custodiam per 40 dies." So that Johannes de
Pencoit did not hold his acre of land, for making and keeping the
King*s gray coat when he came into Cornwall, as it was Peter the
son of Oger. That Peter held Cabulion by the tenure " of pre-
senting one cap of gray cloth at the arrival of the King in Cornwall,"
as Roger, the harper, held five acres " by the tenure of carry-
ing that cap after the King while he remained in Cornwall ;" and
that John de Pencoit held an acre in Lamelyn, of the value of 5 s. a
year, " by the tenure of keeping watch at Lamelyn over the Kin
for forty days X-

KIDWELLY, COUNTY OF CAERMARTHEN.

The heirs of Maurice de London, for this inheritance, were

* Capew's CornwaH, p. 45. f Vol. ii. p. 60, J Ibid,

bound.

bound, if our lord the King, or his Chief Jusliciary, should come
into the parts of Kidwelly Avith an army, to conduct the said army,
with their banners, and all their people, through the midst of the
land of Neth to Loofhar *.

SHORN, COUNTY OF KENT.

Antiently Sir Roger Northwood held the manor of Shorn in
Kent, by service to carry, with other the King's tenants a white
ensign, forty days, at his own charges, when the King should make
war in Scotland f-.

Flags, banners, pencils, and other ensigns, are of great anti-
quity ; their use was, in large armies, to distinguish the troops of
different nations or provinces ; and in smaller bodies, those of dif-
ferent leaders, and even particular persons, in order that the prince
and commander in chief might be able to discriminate the beha-
viour of each corps or person ; they also served to direct broken
battalions or squadrons where to rally, and pointed out the station
of the King, or those of the different great officers, each of whom
had his particular guidon or banner, by which means they might be
found at all times, and the commander in chief enabled from time
to time to send such orders as he might find necessary to his dif~
fferent generals.

The antient ensigns were of different kinds ; some were to be

* Haeredes Mauiicli de London, pro hae gente sua per mediam terram de Neth usque

hiEreditate tenebantur, si dominus Rex, vel ca- ad Loghar. Camd. ex vetusta Inquisitjone

pitalis ejus justiciarius venerit in partibus de Blount, 138.

Kidwelly cum exercitu, deberent conducere f Camd. Brit. tit. Kent. Blount, 1 10.
prsedictum esercitum cum vexillis suis et tola

fixed

fixed or planted, being too heavy to be carried by one man ; others
were attached to different corps or persons, and carried about with
them. Carrying a banner, or standard, in the day of battle, was
always considered as a post of honour ; and in our histories we
frequently meet with several instances of persons rewarded with
pensions for valiantly performing that duty *. The office of the royal
standard-bearer was usually granted for life, with a very large
salary -j*. An entry in the wardrobe account gives a description of
some of the ensigns of King Edward I. which were thus charged ;
two with the arms of England, one with those of St. George, one
with the arms of St. Edmond, and one with the arms of St. Edward ;
they were all fixed in lances.

The standards were originally large flags fixed on the tops of
towers, or other elesated places, and from their being stationary,
were called standards, though this term was afterwards given to
moveable ensigns, as, at present, to those boi'ne by the cavalry.

Banners were small, and of a square figure, somewhat about the
make and size of the standards now borne by the horse or dra-
goons. Banners were borne before knights bannerets, whose arms
were embroidered on them. Grose's 3Iilit. Anliq, vol. ii. pp. 51, 52.

* A. D. 1350, 24 Edw. III. there is in Ry- f Raufe Vestynden held ^10 per annum, by
mer, that King's writ to the Treasurer of the letters patent under the great seal, till reward-
Exchequer^ directing the payment of 200 ed with an office^ this was granted to him by
marks for life to Guido de Bryan, for his gal- Edward IV. for the good and agreeable ser-
lant behaviour in the last battle against the vjce (which says the record) he did unto us, in
French, near Calais, and for his prudent bear- beryng and holdyng of oare standard of the
ing of the standard there against ^the said ene- black bull, at the batayl of Sherborne, in El-
mies, and there strenuously, powerfully, and mett. Rot. Pari.

£rectly sustaining it.

N SHELFHANGER,

SIIELFHANGER, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

John, son of Bartholomew de Aveyleres held a certain serjeanty
in the town of Shelfhanger in the county of Norfolk, and in Brome
and Everwarton in the county of Suffolk, by the service of being
Marshal of the foot soldiers of the counties of Norfolk and Suf-
folk in the King^s araiy in Wales, when the King should happen
to go thither with his array, at the costs of the counties aforesaid*.

SUTTON, COUNTY OF BEDFORD.

Alexander de Sunimersham holds half a knight's fee in the town
of Sutton in the county of Bedford, of our lord the King in capite,
hy the sorjcanty of being in his proper person with our lord the
King, wheresoever he should be in war-f, in England or else-
where X-

* Johannes filius Bartholomrei de Avyleres
tenuit qiiandam serjantiam in villa de Shelf-
hanger in com. Norf. et in Bronie et Ever-
warton in com. Saffolk, per serjanUam esseudi
Mareschallus peditum com. Norf. et Suff. in
exercitu domini Regis in Wallia, cum conti-
gerit dominum Rcgem ibidem ire cum exer-
citu; sumptibus commitatuum praedictorum.
Pla. Coron.de ann. UEdw.I. Roti3. Noif.
Blount, 68.

t In Bibk Colt. Tiberias, E. viii. is a ma-
nuscript, written about the time of Henry VIII.
wherein, among divers military arrangements,
is one entitled the " Order of a kynge, if he en-
tered to fyghte." " The kynge, arrayed in his
own coat of armes, must be on horseback, on
a trood horse, covered also mxh his armes;

the kynge nmst also wear a crown upon his
head-piece." Henry V. wore his crown at the
battle of Agincourt, part of it was cut off by
the Duke of Alen^on, with a stroke of liis
sword. King Richard III. wore his crown at
the battle of Bosworth, which was, according
to Rapin and others, after his death, found in
the field of battle by a soldier, who brought it
to the Lord Stanley. Grose's Milit. Autiq. vol.
i. p. 102, note (d).

;j; Alexander de Summersham tenet dimi-
di^mi feodum militis in villa de Sutton (in com.
Bedf.) de domino Rege in capite per serjantiam
esseudi in propria persona cum domino Rege,
nbicunque fuerit in guerra, in Anglia,seu alibi.
Pla. Coron. 15 Edw. 1. Blount, 37.

NORTH-

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.

In the 12th of King Henry II. anno 1165, Richard de Lizures
was certified to be forester in fee to the King for Northamptonshire,
and was by his office obhged to attend him in his army, well fitted
with horse and arms, his horn hanging about his neck*.

WILCOMSTOWE, (WALTHAMSTOW TONY) COUNTY

OF ESSEX.

About the 12th year of King John, 1211, Ralph de Toany holds
Wilcomstowe by serjeanty of going in his proper person with our
iord ihe King to his army f.

OVENHELLE, COUNTY OF KENT,

Sir Osbert de Longchamp^ Knight, holds certain land which is
called Ovenhelle, in the county of Kent, by the service of following
our lord the King in his army into Wales forty days, at his own
costs, with a horse of the price of five shillings, a sack of the price
jof sixpence, and with a needle (brochia) to the same sack J.

LEGRE, COUNTY OF ESSEX

William Fitz-John holds a tenement in Legre by the serjeantv

* Lib. Rub. Scacc. tit. Northamptonsliire. quandam terrain quae vocatur Ovenhelle jn

Blount, 13. com. Kanciae, per servitium quod debet exequi

f Rad'us de Toany tenet Wilcomstowe per dominum Regem in exercitu suo usque in

serjantiam eundi in propria persona cum do- Walliam xl diebus propriis sumptibus, cum

mino Rege in exercitum. Lib. Rub. Scacc. uno equo precii v s. et cum uno sacco precii

tit. Hertford. Essex. Append, to Brady's In- \i d. et cum brochia ad eundem saccum. In

troduct. p. 22. Rot. Hundred, anno 3 Edw. L Rot. 7- Kane.

:fOsbertus de Longchamp, Miles, tenet Blount, 61..

n2 of

of going in the army to Wales with our lord the King, with one
horse, a sack, and a needle (brocha) *.

MAPERDESHALE, COUNTY OF BEDFORD.

Land in Maperdeshale in the eounty of Bedford, is held in ca-
pite by the service of being in the King's war, with a horse, not
appraised, an habergeon (or coat of mail) a sword, a lance,, an iron
head-piece (or helmet), and a whittle at his own proper costs -f.

UPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Geoffrey de la Grave holds one yard land in Upton in the county
of Gloucester, by serjeanty of following our lord the King in his
army in England, with a bow and arrows, at his own cost, for forty
days; and afterwards, at the cost of our lord the King:|;.

SIBERTOFT, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

This manor was held by Nicholas le Archer, by the service of
carrying the King's bow through all the forests in England §.

* Willielmus filius Johaniiis (tenet) tene- tello, sumptibus suis propriis. Pascb. 14

mentum in Legre per serjantiatn eundi in ex- Edw. II. dors. Blount, 31.

ercitum in Walliam cum domino Rege cum '^ Galfridiis de la Grave tenet unam virgaT

uno equo, sacco, et brocha. Lib. Rub. Scacc. tam terrje ia Upton in com.. Glouc. per ser-

tit. Essex. Hertford. Append, to Brady's In- jantiam quod debit sequi dominum Regem. in

troduct. p. 22. exercitu suo in Anglia cum arcu et sagittis ad

•f- Terra in Maperdeshale in com. Bedford ciistum suum propriiira per xl dies, et postea

teneturin capiteperservitiumessendi inguerra ad custujn domini Regis. Pla. Itin, de anno

Regis cum uno equo non appreciato, una ha- 5 Hen. HI. Glouc. Blount, 58.

bergione, gladio, lancea (so it should be ^ Camd. Brit. 524. Compl. Copjhalder,

amended for lanera), capelo ferreO; et uno cul- 502.

HASHWELL,

HASHWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Simon de Hashwell holds a certain tenement in the town of
Hashwell in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of being a spear-
man of our lord the King *.

The spear or lance is among the oldest weapons recorded in
history, and is nearly coeval with the sword or bow, and even seems
a much more obvious weapon than the latter, probably originating
in a pole or stake, sharpened at one or both ends, afterwards armed
with a head of flint, and in process of time, on the discovery and
use of metals, with copper, brass, or iron. Flint heads for both
spears and arrows are frequently found in England, Scotland, and
Ireland, as are also spear, javelin, and arrow heads, of a metal
nearly resembling brass^. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 275.

MOLESEY, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Walter de Molesey holds his land in Molesey of our lord the
King, by the serjeanty of being his Balistar§*§ in his army for forty
days at his own costs ; and if he should stay longer, at the co«ts of
the King "j~. »•**»? ,%

§*§ He that shot in the engine called balista, or a cross-bowman.
Blount.

* Simon de Hashwell tenet quoddam tene- istendi Balistarius dopiini Regis in exercitu

mentum in villa de Hashwell in com. Essex, suo, per xl dies^ ad custum suum proprium,

per serjantiam essendi Hastilarius domini Regis. et si amplius ibi moram fecerit, ad custum do-

Pla. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Essex. Blount, 52. mini Regis. Pla. Coron. 39 Hen. HI. Rot.

t Walter de Molesey tenet terram suam de 29. dorso. Surrey. Blount; 57.
domino Rege in Molesey, per serkkntiacp ex-

WOL^

WOLBEDING, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

John de Arundell of Wolbeding, holds the manor of WolKeding
in capite of our lord the King by the serjeanty of carrying the
banner of the footmen :{.§:]: of the county of Sussex through the
middle of Sussex, when it should happen that the King passed
in the time of war through the midst of the county of Sussex*.

J§J Vexillum Peditum. An ensign, or foot colours. Blount.

:]:§J The colours of the foot, frequently by the old writers stiled
ensigns, are square, but larger than the banners or standards
of the horse ; they are fixed on a spear ; formerly there was a
stand of colours to every company ; they were in time of action
guarded by two ranks of halberdiers. Grose's Milit. Antiq.
vol. ii. p. 53.

LAUNCESTON, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Robert Hurding holds an acre of land and a bakerhouse
in the town of the Castle of Lanceveton, by the serjeanty of
being in the Castle of Lanceveton with an iron helmet and a
Danish hatchet <ff for forty days in the time of war, at his own
proper costs ; and after the forty days, if the lord of the castle

* Johannes de Arundell de Wolbeding tenet sex, cum contigerit dominum Reg^m tran-

manerium de Wolbeding in capite de domino situm facere tempore guerrje per medium co-

Rege per serjantiam deferendi vexillum pe- mitatus Sussesiae. Pla. Cor. l6 Edw. I, Rot.

dituni de comitatu Sussex, per medium Sus- 67. dorso. Sussex. Blount, 83.

chooses

diooses to detain him in the same castle, it was to be at the cost of
the said lord *.

f Hachet Denesh. A Danish hatchet or pole-ax, Blount. In
Rotul. Hundred, ii. 99. the words are Hackam Denoscham.

BROM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Bartholomew de Avylers holds land in Brom in the county of
Suffolk, bj the serjeanty of leading the foot soldiers of that county
into Wales, as often as it should happen that the King should go
into those parts with his army -j^.

NARBOROUGH, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Thomas Spelman, son of John, who died the 12th of March,
1st Elizabeth, 1558, h said, in the Inquisition, to have held the
manor of Narborough, with the third part of the advowson of
the church, &c. of our lady the Queen, as of her manor of Win-
grave (Wirmegay) by knight's service, and by paying fourteen
shillings for Way te-fee 11*[|, and Castle guard. And it was worth
yearly clear <£31. 17s. 10:|d. as appears in the schedule of livery

of John Spelman his brother:!^.

11*11 This

* Robertus Hurdii^ tenet unam acram f Barthol. de Avylers tenet terram in Broni,

terrae et unum furnum in villa Castri de Lan- in com. Suffolk, per serjantiam ducendi pe-

ceveton, nomine serjantiae essendi in Castro dites istius comitatus in Walliam, quoties-

de Lanceveton cum uno capello ferreo et una cunque contigerit dominum Regem ire ad

Hachet Denesh, per xl dies^ tempore guerrae, partes illas cum exercitu. Plac. Coron. de

ad custum suum proprium, et post xL dies, Ah. 14 Edw. I. Rot.. 6. in dorso.' Suffolk,

si dominus castri velit ipsum tenere in eodem Blount, 77.

castro, erit ad custus ipsius domini. Pla. Co- ^Thomas Spelman (qui obiit 12. Martii 1.

ronse de An> 12 Edw. I. Cornub. Blount, 54. Eliz.)*Wciturin Inquisitione tenuisse manerium

11*11 This Wayte-fee I suppose may be money paid by the tenant, in
lieu of his waiting, or attendance at the castle. Blount.

BURGH ON THE SANDS, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

The Barony of Burgh on the Sands in the county of Cumberland,
with divers other manors and lands in that county, were antiently
held by the service of Cornage Q]:] *.

Lands were given to various settlers in those parts, to hold by
the service of blowing such horns, and being bound to go, at the
King's command, with his army into Scotland; in which they were
to be stationed in the van-guard, going, and in the rere-ward
returning -f-.

[.|.] To blow a Horn when any invasion of the Scots was perceived,
Blount.

LANCASTER.

Roger de Hesam holds two carucates of land, by the service of
sounding his horji when the Kin^ enters or leaves the county of
Lancaster ^,

de Narborough in com. Norfolk cum tertia * Reg. de Holm Coltram. Blouiit, 13.

parte advocationis ecclesiae, &t.c, de domina f Camd. Brit. tit. Picts Wall,

llegina ut de manerio suo de Wirmegay per t Rogerus de Hesam tenet duas carucatas

^ervitium niilitare, et per redditum xivs. pro terrae, per servitium sonandi cornu suum

Wayt-fee et Castle guard. Et valet clare per quando Rex intrat et exit comitatum Lan-

annum ^xxxiv. xviis. xd. quadraptem. castrije. Pla. apud Lanci. 30 Hen. HI. Rot. 21,

Patet in schedulaliberationis Johannis Spelnian Blount, 58.
fratris sui, 7 -Aug. 5 Eliz. Blount, J. Blount's
Law Diet. lit. Wayt€-fee.

KIERKEBY,

97*
PARVA SOMERTON, COUNTY OF DORSET.

The family of Erles held the manor of Parva Somertoii, or So-
merton Erleigh, 1st Edward IT. by grand serjeanty of being the
King's Chamberlain; and 45tb Edward III. by the service of
pouring water on the King's hands on Easter or Christmas day

ABINGTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The manor of Downhall, in the reign of Henry VIII. was an-
tiently held by the service of holding the King's stirrup when he
mounted his horse at Cambridge Castle -f*.

BLECHESDON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Anno 1339, 13th and 14th Edward III. an inquisition was taken
on the death of Joan, widow of Thomas de Musgrave of Bleches-
don, wherein it appears that the said Joan held the moiety of one
messuage, ajad one carueate of land m Blechesdon, of the King, by
the service of carrying one shield of brawn [-^J, price two-pence, to
the King» whenever he should hunt in the park of Cornbury ; and'
do the same as often as the King should so hunt, during his stay at
his manor of Wodestock J.

['}"] Hasta porci. A shield of brawn.. Kennet's Gloss.^ to Paroch.
Antiq^

* Hiitchins's Hist. Dorset, vol; ii. p-. 184. dominus Rex, in propria persona sua, fdgavepit

t Ljson'is Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 80. in parco sue de Combury, hoc sub intdllecto,

;j: Jurati dieunt, quod J-olianna quae fuit semel dictam hastam, per se, vel per alium de-

uxor Thorose de Mus^ave, de Blechesdon, ferendo ad primam fftgationem suam, pro toto

tenuit m^dietntem unius messuagiij et unam tempore quo idem dominus Rex apud mane-

carucatam ten^, in Blechesdon, de domino rium suum de Wode.<itock moram traxerit.

Rege, per servitiufm. deferendi domino Regi Kennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 4i50.
unam hastam porci; pret, ii d. y et cum idem

* N GUILD-

98*

GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Richard Testard held a certain serjeanty in Geldeford, for which
he was to be Marshal in the Household of our lord the King, and
to dismember condemned malefactors, and measure the gallons and
bushels in the King's household *.

BUXSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

John le Marshall held the manor of Buxston, of the King in ca-
pite, as of the barony of Rye, by the service of paying for guarding
the Castle of Norwich from six weeks to six weeks, one mark, and
for Wayt-fe 1|:|:|I, at the said Castle, fifteen shillings, at four quar-
terly terms -f.

mil Wayt-fe. See note on Narborough.

KINGSTON RUSSLL, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Nichola, who was wife of Nicholas de Morteshore, held at her
death, 3 Edw. III., this manor for term of life, of the feoflFment of
Sir AVilliam Russel, who held it in chief of the King by serjeanty,
to count or tell out the King's chessmen in his chamber, and to put
them in a bag when the King should perform the game with him |..

* Serjantia Rici' Testard, in Geldeford, pro solvend. ad ward. Castri Norwici de sex sept.

quadebuitesseMarescaH'inHospiciodiiiReg', in sex sept., 1 marc, et de Wayt-fe ad idem

et dismembrare malefactores in hospicio dni Castrum 1 5s., ad 4 anni terminos. Esc. anno

Regis adjudicates, et mensurare gallones et 10 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 2087? p- 30.

bussellos in hospicio dni Regis. Seriantia;, J Ad narrand. familiam Schachii [the Chess-

&c. coniitatu Suneiae tempore Hen. III. Harl. men] Regis in camera Regis, et ponend. in

MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 23. loculo, cum Rex ludum.suum perfecerit. Hut-

f Johannes le Marshall, m. de Buxston, de chins's Hist. Dorset, vol, i. p. 298.
R. in capite, de baronia de Rye, per servitium

ESTLY,

99*

ESTLY, COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON.

Isabella, late wife of Hugh le Dispenser, held the manor of Estly,
b;y the serjeanty of being Chamberlain of the King's Exchequer

SUTTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

The manor of Sutton, being within the purlieus of the forest of
Macclesfield, was held formerly by the service of free forestery, by
which its owner was bound to follow the King's standard in war,
with the same arms (bows and arrows) with which he guarded his
bailiwick of the forest, and whilst attending in the wars he was ex-
onerated from the custody of his bailiwick f. The foresters were
entitled to timber and fire wood, within their own districts, with
other perquisites, and they had Uberty of fishing within the forest,
and of taking foxes, hares, squirrels, bawsons, (badgers) otters,
musketts, and eagles %.

MERPHULL AND WIBRESLEGH, COUNTY OF

CHESTER.

Richard de Vernon holds Merphull and Wibreslegh, by the ser-
vice of free forestery, and he was to come at the summons of our
lord the King, and follow his standard, with the same arms with
which he kept his bailiwick (of the forest of Macclesfield,) viz. with
bows and arrov|i^s, and whilst he was in the army he was not to be

charged with the custody of his forest §.

STANLE

* Isabella, quae fuit uxor Hugouis le Du- i? WoodnotK's Collections, p. 122,123;

penser, m. de Estly, per seriantiam essendi J MSS. in the possession of David Browne,.

Caraerarius Scaccarij Regis. Esch. anno 34 Esq. Lysons's Mag. Bi it. vol. iu p. 744.
Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit Mus. No. 2Q87, § Bicus de Vernon tenet JVJerpliulI et

p. 49. Wibreslegh, per liberam forestar' ; et veniet ad

j ij * N a summoiiitioneia.

100*

STANLE AND LECHAMPTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Adam le Despenser held the manors of Stanle and Lechampton,
of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of serving him in the office
of Steward [-j], at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide *.

[-j-] Dispensator. Perhaps a Dispenser, either to distribute alms
for the King at these times (which was anciently a custom at
certain festivals, or else to pay certain expences as his purse-
bearer. E. A Dispenser, a steward or officer that lays out
money. Ainsworth,

BOCKHAMPTON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William Hobbshort held an estate in this parish by the serjeanty
of carrying the King's horn, when he came to hunt within the hun-
dred of Lambourn -f.

WARWICK,

At the Norman invasion, was in a very flourishing condition, and
had many burgesses (as they were called) twelve of whom were
bound to attend the Kings of England in time of war, as appears by
Domesday Book, (foL 238.) He that failed to attend a summons,
paid 100 shillings to the King : but if the King went by sea against
his enemies, it sent either four botesuenes (batsueins) or £4 of
money (librae denariorum if.)

summontioneDi dni Regis et sequitur vexillum in cap. ac m. de Lechampton, per seriantiam

suum cum eisdem armis quibus custodiet ball. deserviendi R. in officio Dispensatoris, diebus

suarii, viz. cum arcubus et sagittis, et dum sit in Natalis, diii Pascbae, et Perttecostes. Esc.

exeicitu non erit oneratus de custodiam forestae, anno 23 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 20S7, p. 38.

Inquis. p. m. Hamonis Massey, 16 Edw, I. f Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. i, p. 308.

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 21 15, p. 137. % Gough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 328.
* Adam le Despenser, m. de Stanle, de R.

BEKES-

101*

BEKESBOURNE, COUNTY OF KENT.

In the reign of Henry the Third, as appears from the Testa de
Nevil, William de Beke held this manor in grand serjeanty, by the
service of finding one ship for the King whenever he passed the
seas, and presenting to him three marks *.

HAMPSLAP, COUNTY OF BUCKS-

Margaret, who was wife of Thomas de Beauchamp, late Earl of
Warwick, held the manor of Hampslap, in the county of Bucking-
ham, by the service of being one of the Chamberlains of the King's
Exchequer f.

WANSTEDE, COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON.

In the twentieth year of King Henry VI. John Wanstede acknow-
ledged in the Court of Exchequer, that he held in his demesne,
as in fee, a messuage and certain lands in Wanstede, of the King
in capite, by the service of finding one HobeIer|lJ.H in the King's
Castle of Porchester, for eight days, at his own cost, in time of war;
and of paying yearly to the King ten shillings ; which service of
finding a Hobeler was adjudged to be the service of a grand sei?-
jeanty |.

* Beauties of England and Wales^ vol. viii. patrem suum tenuisse, die quo obiit, in domi-

p. 1096. nico suo, ut de feodo, unam messuagium

f Margarets, quae fuit uxor Thomae de Bel- cum curtillagio, 8cc. Wanstede, de domino

iocampo, nuper Comitis Warwici, m. de Rege in capite, per servitium inveniendi

Hampslap, per sef essendi unius Camerar'. unum hobalerium, in castro dicti domini

Seacearij R. Esc. anno octavo Henrici Quarti. Regis de Porchestre, per octo dies ad custus

Harl, MS. Brit. Mua. No. 2087, p. 268. suos proprius tempore guerrae, et solvendi an-

j: Subamtesire. Johannes Wanstede, filius nuatim domino Regi per manus Constabularii

et bserefi Johannia Wanstede, defuncti, et cog- Castri praedicti xs. Madox's Baronia, p. £46.
noscit se modd tieneFe, et dictum Jofaaniiem

yill Hobelers.

102*

||:|:|| Hobelers. A sort of light horsemen who rode on small nimble
horses, with light armour, which made them fitter for any ex-
peditious service, like our present dragoons. Rennet's Gloss,
to Paroch. Antiq.

ESTWERLDHAM and NUTTEL, COUNTY OF HANTS.

John de Wenoye held a certain serjeanty in Estwerldham and
Nuttel, in the county of Southampton, for which he was to bear a
Marshal's wand through the year in the household of our lord the
Kino: *.

ROLLINDRICH, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Sir John Hungerford, Knight, son and heir of Sir Thomas Hun-
gerford, Knight, deceased, acknowledged himself to hold, and his
said father, the day he died, to have held the manor of Rowland
Right, with the appurtenances, in the county of Oxford, by grand
serjeanty, viz. by serving our lord the King in his Dispensary [^],
when he should be commanded -j-.

[f] Dispensarium. See note on Upton, vol. i. p. 129.

CASTLE RISING, &c. COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Roger de Montealto, (Monhault) held of the King in capite,

* Johannis de Wenoye, in Estwerldham et Thoma Hungerford, Mil., defuncti, cogn se

Nuttel,— pro qua debuit portare unam virgam tenere, et dictum patrem suum tenuisse, die quo

Marescalcie per totum annum in hospicio do- obijt, man'r de Rowland Right, cum pertin'.

mini Regis. Serjantia, &c. in com. Suhan- in com. Oxon. per magnam seriantiam ; viz.

tone temp. Regis Hen. HI. Harl. MS. Brit. serviendi dno Regi in djspenss' sua, quando

Mus. No. 313, p. 34. precipiatur, &c. Pasch. fin. 17 Hen. Vll. Rt)t

•{•Johannes Hungerford, MileSjfiliusetheres fol. 18. Ibid. No. 5173, p. 24.

the

lOS*

tlie manors of Castlerisigh, Snotesham, and Kenninghall, by the
service of being his butler*.

WINTERBORNE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Gunnore de la Mare held one carucate of land in Winterborne,
by the service of being usher of the King's hall -f.

STURMYNSTER MARSHALL, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Thomas Gorges, brother and heir of Bartholomew Gorges, held
seven messuages, and a third part of two water mills, with the
appurtenances, in Sturmynster Mershall, &c. of the King in capite,
by the service of rendering to the King at every of his arrivals
to hunt in the forest of Furboke, one pair of gilt spurs, or six-
pence X

ESEGARSTON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Lady Hawis de London held the manor of Esegarston, of the

King in capite, by serjeanty, viz. as part of Kidwelly, with Ware-

mestur Kadw^llyj to conduct the vanguard of the King's army as

often as he should go into Wales with one, and in returning to bring

up the rereward of the said army §.

Tliis

* Rpgerus de Montealto, tenuit de R. in c. ges, teniiit septem mess, et tertiam partem duo-

m. de Castelrisigh, m. de Snotesham, «t m. de rum molend. aquat' cum pertin' in Sturmyri-

Kenninghall, per servitium pincernae. Esc. ster Mershall, &c. de R. in c. per servic' reddf.

anno 26 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. INo. Regi ad quemlibet adventu' suu' venand' in

2087, p. 4S, foresta de Purboke, unu' par' calcar' deaurat'

t Gunnore de la Mare, unu carr' terr' in vel sex denar. De termino Michis anno

Winterborne, per ser' essendi hostiarius aulie xx""" Hen. VIII. Rot. 2. Ibid. No. 5 1 74, p.

R. Esc. tempore Hen. Alij Regis Johannis. 44.

Ibid. No. 2087, p. 10. | Diia Hawesia de London tenuit m. de

J Thomas Gorges^ frater et heres Barth' Gor-

£)segarston.

104*

This is singular ! but ia the Third Part of King Henry VI. act iii.
sc. 3. Queen Margaret bids Warwick tell King Edward IV.;

" My mourning weeds are laid aside,

" And I am ready to put armour on."

It was once no unusual thing even for Queens themselves to ap-
pear in armour at the head of their forces. The suit which Eli-
zabeth wore, when she rode through the lines at Tilbury, to en-
courage the troops, on the approach of the Armada, may be still
seen in the Tower. See Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

LYNDESHULNE, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Sir Henry Moigne, Knight, son and heir of John le Moigne, (or
the Monk) gave to the King £^2. 18s. 2d., for his relief of £G, lis. 4d.
rent, with the appurtenances, (amongst other things) in Lynde-
schulne, arising from the rent of free tenements there held of the
King in capite, by grand serjeaniy, (to wit) of being the King*s
Lardiner ^5 and Caterer, (or Purveyor) in his kitchen *.

^ Lardenarius. See note on Writtel.

Esegarston, de R. in c, per seriantiam viz. Johannis le Moigne, dat Regi .£32, J8s. 2d.

tnnquam membru de Kidwelly, viz. cum de relevio suo de ;£17- lis. 4d. redd, cum

Waremestur' Kadwelly, ad conducend' ante- pertinentijs, in Lyndeshulne, provenien de

gard exercit' R. quoties R. ierit in Walliam ia redd. liberonim ten' ibni' tent' de Rege ia

cxercitu, et in redfendo ad conducendum re- capite, per magnam serjaiitiam, soil, essendi

trogardam dci' exercitus. Escaet de anno Lardenarius Regis, et Emptor coquinae Regis.

i Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, De termino Pasche, a.". 39 Edw. III. Harl

p. 23, MS. Brit, Mus. No, 34^ p, 234.
* Henricus Moigne, Miles, filiiis et heres

COTINGHAM,

105*

COTINGHAM, COUNTY OF YORK.

Margaret Duchess of Clarence, one of the sisters and heirs of
Edward, late Earl of Kent, held the manor of Cotingham, in the
county of York, of the King, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service
of finding one horseman, or esquire, suflSciently armed, to carry
the coat of mail§| of our lord the King, in his war with Wales,
at her own proper costs, for forty days, if there should be war in
Wales*.

H Loricam. See note on Borebach and Conclesfeld.

IMMERE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

William Rouce, son and heir of John Rouce, Esq. held of the
King in capite, (amongst other things) the manor of Im mere, in the
county of Wilts, by the service of being one of the Chamberlains
of our lord the King^. ,

* Margareta Ducissa Clarenc', una sororum 4 Hen. VI. H«rl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34.

et heredum Edw. nup. Cotnit. Kane', tenuit pp. 438, 43g.

maneriutn de Cotingham, in com. Ebor, de f Will'us Rouce, filius et heres Johanni»

Rege per magnum serjantiam ; videlicet, per Rouce, ar'. teuuit de Rege in capite, mane-

servitium inveniendi unum armigerum equi- riam de Immere, in com. Wilts, per servi-

tem, in competent* armatum, ad deferendum tium essendi unus de Camerarijs diii Regis.-

loricam, diii Regis in guerra Walliae, sump- De terjnino Pasche. a". 1 Hen. VI. Ibid. p,.

tibus suiis propriis, per 40 dies, si guerra 427>
fuerit in VVaJlia, De termina Michis. a%

** N AURE,

106*

AURE, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

John de Aure, brother and heir of Thomas de Aure, holds of
the King in capite one messuage, two gardens, and one carucate of
land, with the appurtenances, in Aure, in the county of Gloucester,
by the service of being personally in the chamber of our lord the
King, wheresoever the King pleases *.

HALE, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

William, son and heir of William de Hale, pays to the King nine
shillings and one penny for his relief for certain parts of his ser-
jeanty which he holds of the King in capite, in Hale, for which he
is to follow the King in his army in England, with a bow, and
arrows, for forty days -f-.

MORE, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Roger de la More, held the day he died, in the town of La More,
in the county of Salop, one messuage, with a Curtilage [-[•], one
hundred and ten acres of land, ten acres of meadow, and one water-
mill, by the serjeanty of bearing the King's banner in the front of
his army, when it should happen that the King went through the

* Johannes de Aure, frater et heres Thomae -f- Willus, filius et heres Willi de Hale, dat

de Aure, tenet de Rege in capite, unum Regi 9s- Id. pro relevio suo, pro quibusdam

messuag. duo gardina, et unam carucat. terrae partibus serjantiae suae, quas tenet de Rege in

cum pertinentijs' in Aure, in com. pdco, per capite, in Hale, pro qua debet sequi Regem

servitium essendi corporaliter in camera domini in exercitu suo, in Anglia, cum arcu et sa-

Regis, ubicunque dnus Rex voluerit. De ter- gittis, per 40 dies. De termino Mich. a°.

mino Mich. a°. 48 Edw. HI. Harl. MS. 24 Edw. I. Ibid. p. 17.
Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 263.

parts

107*

parts of Montgomery, with an army, into Wales ; and by the ser-
vice of being High Constable of the foot soldiers in the county of
Salop ; to receive daily from the King twelve pence, and also by the
service of paying to the King yearly thirteen shillings and four-
pence *.

[-[•] Curtilagium. A garden or backside ; a fold. Littleton's Diet.
Law Lat. Curtilage signifieth a garden, a yard, or a field, or a
piece of Void ground lying near or belonging to a messuage.
Jacob.

EXCHEQUER OFFICE.

Andrew Billesby, son and heir of John Billesby, Esq. acknow-
ledged himself to hold the office of door-keeper of the exchequer,
and one chamber, or lodging, built within the exchequer, viz. in
the edifice which leads from the passage there on the north part,
unto the chamber of our lord the King there, called Chester
Chamber, on the south part ; and also the office of marshal, door-
keeper, cryer, and keeper of the bar, as well in the common bench,
as before each of the King's Justices in Eyre, wheresoever they
should travel in England, of the King in capite, by grand serjeantyf.

SHRIVEN-

* Rogerus de la More, tenuit die quo obijt, xij d. et etiatn per servic' reddendi R. per an-
il villa de la More, in com. Salopp, per se- num xiijs. iiijd. Et snnt ib'm. unum mess,
^iantiam portandi vexillum Regis in anterior! ex- cam curtilag, ex acr. terr. x acr. prati, et unum
ercitu Regis, cum coutigerit Regem per partes molend. aqnaticum. Esch. anno R. R. E. primi.
de Montgomery in exercitu ire in Wallia ; et per xxiij. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No^ 70&, p. 72.
*ervic' essendi superior Constabular' de pedi- t Andreas Billesby, filius et haeres Johannis
*il)us com. Salop, percipiend' per diem de R. Billesby, ar'. cognovit se tenere officium hos-

** N 2 tiari

108*

SHRIVENHAM, COUNTY OF BERKS.

At the time of the Norman Survey, Becket, or as it was then
written Becote, belonged to the Earl of Evreux; it was not long
afterwards in the Crown, and became for some time one of the
royal palaces. King John occasionally resided there, as appears
by a mandate to the sheriff of Oxfordshire, signed by the King
at Becket, in the seventh year of his reign. In the reign of
Edward III. this manor was in the family of Bacote, or Becket*,
who held lands in Shrivenham, by the service of coming before the
King Avhenever in his progress he should pass by Fowyeares Mill
Bridge, in Shrivenham, bringing him two white capons, and ad-
dressing him with the following singular speech : " Ecce domine
" istos duos capones quos alias habebitis sed non nunc-f*."

ASTON CLINTON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

William de Montagu, who held the manor of Aston Clinton, in

tiarij huius Scaccarij, ac unam cameram, sive -f Johannes deBackote ten' terras in Shriven-

mansionem, infra hoc Scaccarium edificat' viz. ham de R. in c. per tale servitium. Quod quo-

ab edificat' viz. ab ostro quod ducit in hoc tiescunq. diis R. itinerari placuerit super pon-

Scaccarium ex parte borialj, usque cameram diii tern de Fowyares mull, quod tunc dominus

Regis ibm. voc' Chester Chamber, ex parte aus- illius messuagij et terrarum deveniet coram dno

tralj ; ac officia marescall' hostiar', proclama- Rege, et afFerret sibi duos albos capones, cum

tor' etljarriar' tam in communj banco, quam hijs verbis. Ecce diie istos duos capones quos

in singulis itineribus justiciariorum Regis itine- alias habebitis et non nunc. " Behold my

rantium ubicunque in Anglia ; de R. in c. per " lord these two capons, which you shall

magnam serianciam, Pasch. fines a". 22 Hen. ** have another time but not now." Harl.

VII. Rotulo pmo. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 177. Lysons's

No. 5174, p. 23. Mag. Brit. vol. i. p. 366.

* Esch. Edw. III.

the

the county of Buckingham, held it of our lord the King by grand
serjeanty, viz. by the service of finding for our lord the King a
Lardiner f , at his ovrn proper costs *.

^ Lardenarius. See note on Writtel.

STANTON, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Reginald Fitz Piers, (amongst other things) held the manor of
Stanton, in the county of AVilts, of the King, in capite, by the ser-
vice of being constable (for his lands held in parcenery) in the
King's army-j".

CHESHANGER, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Bartholomew de Avelers held, (amongst other things) in Ches-
hanger, one messuage and sixty acres of land by this serj«anty,
viz. that he should be constable of the foot soldiers in Norfolk and
Suffolk, when the King should go with an army into Wales X-

* Will' de Monteacuto, qui tenet in com.
Buk. manerium de Aston Clinton, tenet de diio
Hege per grand seriantium, viz. per servitium
inveniendi diio Regi un' Lardinar', proprijs
suis sumptibus etc. Inquis. W. de Montagu,
anno 13 Edw. II. No. 31. Harl. MS. Brit.
Mus. 6126.

f Reginaldus filius Petri, tenuit m. de
Stanton, in com. Wilt' de R. in c. per ser.

constabulariae in exercitu Regis, pro parce-
qeria sua. Esc. anno 13 Edw. I. Ibid. No.
2Q87, p. 32.

J Barth'us de Avelers, tenuit in Cheshanger,
unum messuagium et sexaginta acras terrae, de
R«ge in capite, per seriantiam talem, viz. q'd
erit constabularius peditum Norff. et SufF.
qnando Rex ibit cum exercitu in Wallia. Esc,
anno 4 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 821, p. 15.

WIGGEBER

110*

WIGGEBER AND PEGGENES, COUNTY OF

SOMERSET.

Richard de Wiggeber held in capite of our lord the King, the
day he died, one carucate of land in Wiggeber, and a carucate
of land in Peggenes, by the service that the said Richard and his
heirs should be ushers of the King's hall in fee *.

SHEEN, (NOW RICHMOND) COUNTY OF SURREY.

This manor, in the reign of King John, was the property of
Michael Belet, who held it by the service of being the King's
butler, it having been granted to his ancestors, with that office
annexed, by Henry I. -f

HUXTHON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Ralph Russel held one carucate of land in Huxthon, in the
«ounty of Berks, of the King in capite, by knight's service, and
by the service of bearing one cup before the King on Christmas-
day:]:.

* Eicus de Wiggeber, tenuit in c. de d. R. butler to Michael Belet, with the lands which

die quo obijt, in Wiggeber, 1 car. terr. et in his ancestors enjoyed. This office was esteemed

Peggenes, 1 car. terr. per servic'. q'd predictus of a very honourable nature, and the Belets

Rlcus et heredes sui, deberent esse Ostiar' dn'i 'appear to have had a seat in parliament. See

R. de Aula sua de feodo. Anno 55° Hen. HI. Dugdale's Baronage. Lysons's Environs, vol.

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4120. p. 11. i. p. 2S6, 7.

+ No. 313. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. f. 21, J Radus Russel tenuit j caruc. terr. in

called a transcript of knights fees, and other Huxthon, in com. Berk, de R. in capite, per

teoares of lands, and also of escheats and servic' militare, et per servic' portandi unam

wards belonging to the crown in the reign of coupam die Natalis diii coram R. Esc. anno

Hen. in. and King John. There is a charter R. R. E. primi. 39. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

in the Tower which confirms the office of 708, p. 4.

TAXALL,

Ill*

TAXALL, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

It appears by the depositions of some old persons, taken in the
year 1720, that the manor of Taxall was anciently held by the ser-
vice of blowing a horn on Midsummer-day, at a high rock near
Taxall, called Windgather. And that there was a tradition that the
lord of this manor was to hold the King's stirrup, and rouse the
stag, when he should come to hunt in Macclesfield forest *.

AYLENETON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

William de Broy held a certain serjeanty in Ayleneton, for which
he ought to follow our lord the King in his army, within the county
of Hereford, at his proper costs, so long as our lord the King
should be there, and without the same county, at the cost of the
King, to wit, for every day twelve pence -f-.

COTE AND ASTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Robert de Elenorde held, the day he died, in his demesne, as of
fee, fifty-two acres of land, and six acres of meadow, in Cote and
Aston, of the King in capite, by the service of being with a bow
and arrows, or any other weapons, in every of the wars of our lord
the King, within England, for forty days, at his proper costs J.

HESCHIN,

* Lysons'c Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 801. euiidem ad custum diii Regis scilicet quolibet
f Seriancia — Will'mi de Broy de Ayleneton die pro xij d. De Serjanciis temp. Henrici Re-
pro qua debuit sequi d'nm Regem in exercitu gis filii Regis Johannis. Harl. MS. Brit.
«uo infra com. Hereford, ad custum propriu' Mus. No. 6765, p. 21.
quamdiu dns Rex ibm. fuerit et extra com. J Robertas de Elenorde tenuit die quo obijt,
' ' - - in

112*

HESCHIN, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Wiman Gernet holds two carucates of land of our lord the King in
Ileschin, by the service of coming towards the King at the borders
of the county, with his horn and white wand, and of conducting
hini into the county, and of remaining with him, and also of re-con-
ductino; him, and it is worth five marks *.

GUEDDING, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Roger Malharteis holds two carucates of land at Guedding, by
the serjeanty of keeping watch about our lord the King -j-.

WITHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

By an enquiry made in the reign of Henry III., it appears that
one Geffrey de Lyston held land in Witham, by the service of
carrying flour to make wafers on the King's birth-day, whenever
his Majesty was in the kingdom.

ill dnica suo ut de feodo, lij acr terr. vj acr.
prati, in Cote et Astone, de R. in capite, per
servic' essendi cum arcu et sagiltis sive aliqua
alia armatura in qual't guerra diii R. infra
Angl. per xl dies, ad custiim suum propria'.
Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 821, p. 8.

* VVimaniis Gernet tenet duoscaruc' terre de
dno Rege iu Heschin, per serviciii veaiendi

cont' dnm ad fines com' cu cornu suo & alba
virga & duceudi eum in com' & esse cu eo &
iterum reducendi eum & valet v mrc. Testa de
Nevili, p. 372.

•f Guedding.Rogerus Malharteis tenet ij car'
per s'jant' custod. vigil' circa diim R. Ibid. p.
50.

KIERKEBY,

KIERKEBY, COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND.

Adam de Kierkebi held four acres of land there by Cornage *.

TOTTENHAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

The family of Gredney held the manor of Pembroke in Totten-
ham, in the county of Middlesex, as of the honour of Huntingdon,
by the grand serjeanty of giving the King a pair of spurs of silver
gilded, when the King should take on him the order of knight-
hood -f*.

* Mag. Rot. 3. T. Rot. 18. b. Westmerie- f Weever's Fun. Monum. 304.

land; tit. Nova Oblata. Madox Exchecq. 458.

CAR.

CAP. n.

OF PETIT SERJEANTY

SECT. I.

A Definition of thq Tenure by Petit Serjeanty.

npENURE by Petit Serjeanty h, where a man holds his land
of our sovereign lord the King, by giving to him yearly a
bow, or a sword, or a dagger, or a knife, or a lance, or a pair
of gloves of mail, or a pair of gilt spurs, or an arrow, or divers
arrows, or other sms^ll things belonging to war*.

And such service is but socage in effect, because such tenant,
by his tenure, was not obliged to go, or do any thing, in his proper
person, touching the war ; but to render and pay, yearly, certain
things to the King, as a man paid a rent -f-.

Note, a man cannot hold by Grand Serjeanty, or by Petit Ser-
jeanty, but of the King, &c. %

* Littleton's Tenures, lib. ii. cap. Q. sect. + Ibid, sect. 160.

159. % ^^^' sect. 161.

The

The reservations upon this tenure being of several very different
kinds, the editor chooses, for the sake of method, to class such as
are of a similar nature together in one section ; and therefore this
chapter is divided into as many sections as vt^ill comprehend the
whole that he finds recorded methodically. By which means he
hopes the Reader will be enabled the more readily to compare one
tenure with another, and to make his own remai'ks with less per-
plexity.

SECT. It

- Of Petit Serjeanty hy jinding Horsemen for the Wars,

BIWELL, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

Hugh' de Baliol was certified to hold the Barony of Biwell, in
Ihe county of Northumberland, of the King, by the service of five
knight's fees, and to find thirty soldiers for the guard of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, as his ancestors had done from the time of King Wil-
liam Rufus (whose elder brother Robert built the castle from
whence the town takes it name, being before called Monk-Chester,)
by whom they were enfeoifed of that barony, as the record ex-
pressedi *^

EAST GARESTON^ COUNTY OF BERKS.
In the eleventh year of King Edward I., Painell de Chaworth -^

* Testa de NevU. Northumb. Blount, 14. \ Paganellus de Cadurcisi

o 2 was

100

was found to be seised of a messuage and four hundred acres of
land in East Gareston, in the county of Berks, held by the service
of finding a knight, armed with plate armour^, in the King's
army, when it should be in the territory of Kidwelly in Wales *.

<f[ When plate armour came into general use, which was about the
middle of the fourteenth century f, the different pieces for a
man at arms, were these ; a close helmet, having a visor to lift
up and let down, or one with a visor and bever, both re-
volving on the same pivots [f ]. When these were closed, the
air was admitted through apertures made also for sight, and
other smaller perforations opposite the mouth and nostrils. The
neck and throat were defended by a gorget [-|^], or hallercet ;
the body by a cuirass [-f-j^], formed of two pieces hooked toge-
ther, denominated backs and breast-pieces, from the parts they
covered ; to the back was joined, a gard de reines, or culet [§];
the arjtns were covered with brassarts ||§||, called also avant bras,
and corruptly^ yambraces, the hands by gauntlets, the shoulders
by pouldrons [*], l)i^ tjiighs by cuissarts, (or thigh pieces) and
;the legs by iron boots^ .called greaves, and sometimes by boots
.of jacked leather. Under ^11 these w^s worn a jacket of thick
/ustiaPj or buflf leather ; shields seeni to have been left off by
the .c^yalry before this alteration, Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i,
pp. 104, 105.

* Escaet. l) Edw. I. n. 35. Blount, 14. dear to be generally worn: there are still many

f It is not to be supposed that before that specimens of Roman plate armour in the mu-

time plate armour was unknown ; history af- seums of the curious. Note (h) to Milit.

fords us plenty of instances to the contrary; Antiq. p. 104.

but probably, it was in the earlier periods too

[f ] The

101

[f] The visor was opened to obtain a less obstructed sight, and
the bever to enable the wearer to converse more freelj, and to
eat or drink ; their use is pointed out by their names. Grose's
Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 104, note (i).

[•f] The halecret (or halceret) was a kind of corcelet of two
pieces, one before and on€ behind ; it was lighter than the
cuirass. Milit Antiq. vol. ii. p. ^50.

l^ff] The cuirass covered the body before and behind ; it consisted
of two parts, a breast and back piece of iron, fastened together
by means of straps and buckles, or other like contrivances. They
were originally, as the name imports, made of leather, but
afterwards of metal, both brass and iron. Ibid. p. 249- Some-
times the part which covers the neck, and connects tlie helmet
and cuirass, is fixed to the former, sometimes it is separate,
and is then called a gorget, of which see a representation in
plate 26, fijg. 4. Ibid, note (i).

£^] To the back-piece of the cuirass, for the protection of the loins,
was hooked on a piece of armour called garde des reins, or
culettes ; and the breast-piece was occasionally strengthened by
an additional plate called a plaquet Ibid. p. 252.

dill To the cuirass were buckled the armour for the shoulders and
arms, the first called pouldrons, the second brassarts, garde
bras, les avant bras, and corruptly in English vambraces. The
vambraees included all the defence for the arms from the
pouldrons to the wrist. Ibid.

[*] Pouldrons, armour for the shoulders, see note above, ibid.

102

BAINTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

In the second year of King Edward II. Peter de Mauley was
found to be seised of the manor of Bainton, with the advowson of
the church, by the service of finding two Knights and four Es-
quires \\%\\ in the King's army for forty days, in time of wai*^; and to
provide a steward to do suit for him at the King's court at York,
from six weeks to six weeks *.

fl§|| In the wardrobe account of the 28th of King Edward I. A.D.
1300, pubUshed by the Society of Antiquaries, it appears that the
daily pay of a knight was 2s. and that of an esquire 12d. ; both
were oblio-ed to have barded horses; those who had them not,
or neglected to have them mustered and appreciated, had part of
their pay struck off, of which an instance occurs of an esquire ©f
the name of John de Clothale^ who instead of 12 d. received only
8d. per diem, till his horse was mustered and appreciated -f*.
Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 272, 273.

STAFFORD, BRADELEY, and MADELEY, COUNTY

OF STAFFORD.

Edmund Lord Stafford held the manors of Stafford, Bradeley,
and Madeley, in the county of Stafford, of the King in capite, by

* Escaet. a Edw. II. n. 34. Blount, 22. a 24 die Decembr', quo die equus suus fuit ap-

+ Jobanni de Qothale percipient' per diem ppeciat', usque ullimum diem ejusdcm mensis,

8d., quia sine equo appreciato, pro vadiis suis, utroque eomputato, per 8 dies, percipient' per

a 20 die Novembr' anno presenti incipient' diem 12d, 8s. per manus proprias ibidem, 29

usque 23 diem Decembr', utroque computato, die Decemb. Summa 1 1. 10 s. 8 d. p. 211.
per 34 dies, 22s. 8d, Eidem, pro vadiis suis^

barony.

103

barony, by the service of finding, for forty days, at liis own charge,
three armed men, with three^ horses, caparisoned or armed for
war, as often as there should be war with Wales or Scotland *.

<|f Equis coopertis. Horses harnessed for war. Blount. Equus
coopertus is a horse in armour. A. Quaere. If it does not rather
a;uean caparisoned. E.

EAST GARESTON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Patrick de Chaworth holds the manor of East Gareston in the
county of Berks, by the serjeanty of finding one armed esquire, to
be in th« front of tiie army of our lord the King in West Wales, in
the time of war, for forty days, at his own costs -f,

SAUNDFORD, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Hugh Peverell holds the manor of Saundford in the county of
Devon, by the serjeanty of finding for our lord the King in his
army through all England, at his own proper costs, one armed
horseman and two footmen $.

BRAMBELEGH, CK)UNTY OF MIDDLESEX,

Richard Cauus and Sabina his wife, hold a messuage and sixty

* Escaet. 2 Edw. II. Blount, £5v % Hugo Peverell tenet maneiium de Saund-

f Patricuis de Cadurcis tenet manerinm de ford in com. Devon, per serjantiatn invenieadi

East Gareston in com. Ba^s, per serjantiam domino Regi, in exercitu suo, per totam An-

inveniendi unum armigerum armatum, essendi gliam, sumptibns propriis uinim homineni

in anteriori parte exercitus domini Regis in equitem armatum et duos homines pedites,

Westgales, tempore guerrae per xl dies, sump- Pla. Coron. dean. 9 Edw. I. Blount, 45.
tibus propriis. Plac. Coron. apud'Windesor.
12 Edw. I. Rot. 28, in dorso. Blount, 38.

acres'

104

acres of land, in Brambelegli, in the county of Middlesex, by the
service of finding, for our lord the King, ane armed horseman ^, for
forty days, at their own charges, as often as it should happen that
the King should go any where with his army *.

f The oJHensive arms of a horseman, or man at arms, were a sword,
or swords f, a lance and a small dagger, cafled a misericorde,
either from its being mercifully used in putting out of their
misery persons desperately wounded, or fram the sight of it,
being apt to cause those against whom it was drawn (commoaly
knights unhorsed and lying on the ground) to cry " Miseri-
corde, mercy or quarter." Men at arms also frequently carried
iron maces, suspended at their saddle bowe..

The horses of the men at arms were scarcely less encumbered
with armour than their riders-; their faces, heads,, and ears were
covered over with a sort of mask, so contrived as to prevent their
seeing right before them, in order that they might not be terrified
from charging or shocking with vigour ; this mask was called a
chafron or shafront. Frequently from the centre of the forehead

* Rjchardus Cauus et Sabina uxor ejus tenent culutn Regale, written about the twelfth cen-

unum messuagium et sexagiiita acras terrae in tury, among other directions for the arming of

liiambelegh, in com. Middlesex, per servitium a horseman, are these: "let him have two

inveniendi domino Regi unum hominem equi- swords, one in his belt, and the other hanging

tem armatum per xl dies sumptibus suis pro- to.his saddle-bowe, with a war-knife," p. 406.

priis, quotiens contigeut ipsum dominum Re- In a Military Treatise, attributed to Guil-

gem adire alicubi cum exercitu- Plac. Coron. laume de Bellay, it is said, men at arms should

22 Edw. I. Blount, 66. have their sword of arms at their side, the estoc

■f The ancient knights frequently carried two. (a long sharp-pointed sword) at one bow of.

swords, one in a belt by their side, and the their saddle, and a mace at the other. Note f.
other fi.\ed tO their saddle-bowe. In the Spe-

projected

105

projected an iron spike, resembling the horn given to that fabulous
animal an unicorn; their necks were defended by a number of
small plates connected together, called a criniere ^\\1i. or manefaire ;
they had poitrinals (pectoral or breast plates) for their breasts,
croupiers and flancois for covering their buttocks and flanks, reach-
ing down to the hocks ; all these pieces were generally of iron or
brass, though sometimes of cuir-bouillie, i. e. jacked leather. Oc-
casionally they were covered all over with mail, or linen stuffed and
quilted like the Gambeson, and adorned with rich embroidery.
Horses thus covered were called barded, and corruptly barbed
horses ; they were also frequently stiled covered horses [fj

To prevent their horses from being fatigued under all their own
incumbrances, and the enormous weight of their riders, and to pre-
serve their rigour for the charge, the men at arms had commonly
hacknie^ for riding on a march, and did not mount their war horses
till. they were certain of coming to action; a circumstance which
has frequently occasioned tbem to be surprised and defeated, before
they could mount their chargers and form. Barded horses were in
use in our armies, in the time of King Edward VI. Grose's Milit,
Antiq. vol. i. pp. 103, 104.

Xf[t Th6 criniere or manefaire, consisted of a number of small plates,
generally about twelve, hooked together, and to the'chaufron
so as to be moveable; their use was to guard the neck of the
horse-icom the stroke of a cutting svvord. Milit. Antiq. vol. ii.
pp. 259, 260,

[f J Barde, in old French, signifies covered, (note g.)

106

ALCESTER, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

In the S2dyear of King Edward I. upon the relief paid, by Wil-
liam de Bauteraux, for the moiety of the town of Alcester in the
county of Warwick, it is there recorded to be held of the King by
the service of finding the moiety of an armed knight, with a horse
without a saddle |1:|:||, in the war of our lord the King *.

l|j;|l Equo discooperto. A horse without a saddle. Blount, Equus
coopertus is a horse in armour, consequently equus discoopertus
is a horse without armour. A. Quaere, if it does not rather
mean without saddle or caparison ? E. , .

WILTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

In the time of King Henry I. Hugh de Longchamp obtained by
the gift of that King, the manor of Wilton in the county of Here-
ford : to hold by the service of two men at arms in the wars of
Wales -f.

REWENHALL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Eustace de Ho held one carucate of land with the appurtenances
in Rewenhall in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of finding one
horseman with a Gambesone % in the army of our lord the King,

* Per servitium inveniendi medietajtenl equi- f Plac. apud Heref. 20 £dw. I. ^ot. SQ.

tis armati, cum uno equo discooperto in guer- Blount, 13.
ra domini Regis. Micbu Rot. 32 £dw. I.
Blount, S.

when

lOT

when it happened that he should go into Wales, at his own proper
charges, for forty days *. » il? ^ p ^

% Gambesone. A long horseman's cotit that covered part of the
legs ; from the French Gambe, or Janibe, a leg. Blount. Gam-
foeso is a doublet Vide Diicange. Gambeso, Wambais (cor-
ruptly Vanbrace) from the Saiton Wamb, whence the English
womb, a thick woollen waistcoat, worn under steel armour, to
make it sit easy on the body. In this place it may mean such
a thick quilted coat. A. The author of this note is mistaken in
taking Vanbrace to be a corruption of Wambais, for as it is
armatura brachii, it must be the French avant-bras. p

In Troilus and Cressida, act 1. se. 3. Nestor says to Agamemnon,
' " Tell him from me,

" Fll hide my silver beard in a gold beaver,

" And in my vantbrace put this wither'd brawn ;"

The note states vantbrace to be armour for the arm, avant-bras.

Chalmers's edit, of Shaksp'eare.

Commonly under the hauberk -f-, though sometimes over it, was

j: Eustach de Ho tenuit uiiam carucatam mail from head to foot. It consisted of a
terrx cum pertin. in Rewenhall in com. Essex hood joined to a jacket with sleeves, breeches,
per serjantiam inveniendi unum hominem stockings, and shoes of double chain -mail, to
equitem cum uno G<afflfoesoiie in exercitu do- which were added gauntlet^ of the same con-
mini Regis, cum contigerit ipsum ire in Wallia^ struction. Some of these hauberks opened
sOmptifous suis propriis, per xl dies. Fla. before like a modern co^tj others were ^osed
Coron. de 13 Edw. I. Blount, 27. like^a shirt. Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 245-6.

■f The hauberk was a complete covering t)f • ' ^

P 2- 'Wom

108

worn a loose garment called a gambeson, which descended as low
as the knees ] it was stuffed with wool or cotton, and quilted ; the
use of it was to deaden the strokes of the sword or lance, which,
though they did not divide the mail, might, without the interposition
of the gambeson, severely bruise the body ; under or between the
hauberk and gambeson, a breast-plate of forged iron, called a
plastron, was occasionally put on; over which all men of family
wore sur-coats of satin, velvet, or cloth of gold or silver richly* em-
broidered with their armorial bearings X^% Grose's Milit. Antiq.
vol. i. p. 101.

Jll- One may judge by this how our knights were loaded, when they
had all their arms, for they had besides their ordinary clothes,
the gambeson, which of itself must in summer have been very
hot, being stuffed "with wool or cotton, above this was their coat
of double mail, and consequently of an extraordinary weight.
Princes and certain great lords had over all their coats of arms,
which held the place of the paludamentum of the ancient Roman
captains, and was in figure like a dalmatick without sleeves,, and
descending to the knees ; it was charged with the escutcheons,
or armorial bearings of the wearer, and often was of cloth of
gold or silver, rich furs, or cut velvets. But Fauchet has for-
got, in his description, another species of defensive armour
which was worn under the gambeson ; this was a plastron of
iron. P. Daniel, torn. i. p. 388.

WINDEBURY, COUNTY OF DEVON.

William de Albemarle holds the manor of Windebury in the
comity of Devon, of our lord the King in capite, by the serjeanty

109

of finding a horseman for forty days, at his own costs, in the King^s
army in Wales*.

RENHAM AND IKENHAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Laurence de Broke holds the hamlet of Renham, in the county of
Middlesex, of our lord the King in capite, by the service of finding
for him in his army, wheresoever it should be within the four seas
of England, one horseman; the price of the horse to be five shil-
lings, d,nd a sack of the price of five pence, and one Broch^, of
the piriee of two-^ence three-farthings, for forty days, at the costs
of the said Laurence. Also he holds the hamlet of Ikenham by the
same service -f*.

■•'■-> •
MORTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Henry de Averying held the manor of Morton, in the county of
Essex, in capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of finding
one man with a horse of the price of ten shillings, and four horse
shoes, and one leather sack, and one irOn Broch f , as often as it

* Willklmus de Albemarle tenet inanerium in- capite, per servitium inveniendi domino

de Windebury in eom. Devon, de domino Rege iRegi in exercitu ubicunque fiierit infrd quatuor

in capite, per- sftrjantiami inveniendi unum < maria Anglife, unum hominem equitem/ precii

hominem equitem per xl dies propps sump- equi vs. et unum saccum precii vd. et unam

tibus in exercitu domini Regis in Wallia. Brochiam precii duorum denariorum ob. qr.

Plac. Coron. -de An. 9 Edw. 1. Devon. per xl dies sumptibus ipsius Laurentii. Idem

Blount, 44. tenet villatam de Ikenham per idem servitium.

t Laurentius de Broke tenet villatam de Esson. capt. apud Crueem Lapideam [*] 3

Benham iti torn. Middlesex,' de domino Rege Edw. 1. Midd. Rot. 18, Blount, 64.

Tal This Cfuceta Ldpideanii noted atove, stood- Hear th« May'polc, in the Strand, wJic're the Judges Itinerant,
in old time, used to sit, Blount. • ,

should

110

should happen for the King to go into Wales with his army, at his
own charges for forty days *.

% Broehia. A Broch, which was a great pot or jug, to carry liquid
things, as the sack was to carry the dry, from the French word
Broc, which signifies a great flaggon, tankard, or pot. So the
learned Spelman interprets it. (Gloss, p. 88.) Though some are
not willing to submit to his opinion herein. Blount. Broehia.
This word occurs very often, and always joined with Saccus.
I take it to mean only a pin or skewer (in French, Broche)
to fasten the mouth of the bag. Here we have Broehia ferrea,
which is not easily reconciled with Spelman's interpretation.
This opinion is confirmed by an expression under Ovenhelle,
p. 66. Unum saccura cum Broehia ad eundem saccum. We
have also in the custom of Whichnor, county of Stafford, " a
Sakke and a Pryke (saccus cum Broehia) for to convey the
said baconne and corne." A. The Word Broche, in French,
also signifies a spit, a knitting-needle, and several other mat-
ters, E,

Liquids were carried in a skin or leather sack, and the meat
was contrived to be dressed or stewed in the same. This was
peculiarly the case among the heroes of Ossian, in the days of
Fin-mac-coul. In various cases in the Highlands, and Islands of

* Henricus de Averyng tenuit manerium de Srochia ferrea, quotiescunque contigerit do-
Morton in com. Essex, in capite de doinioo minum Regem ire in Walliam cum exercitu,
Rege, per serjantiam inveniendi unum homi- sumptibus suis propriis, per quadragiuta dies,
nem cum uno equo precii xs. et quatuor ferris Pkc. Coron. 13 Edw. 1. Essex. Blount,
equorum, et uno sacco de corio, et una 50.

Scotland,

Ill

Scotland, the marks or notches remain in the rocks which have been
made to bear the beam by which the sack or skin was suspended
over their fires. W.

A buckle to fasten the sack. It resembles the Roman Fibula.
It is confirmed to be a buckle or fibula by the mode of expres-
sion in the notes to pp. 66, 67. W>

Shakspeare uses it in the sense of a spit, for in Titus Andro-
nicus, act 4. sc. 11, Demetrius says to Aaron,

" I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier^s point ."

A broach is a spit. Ill spit the tadpole,, note. Chalmer's edit,
of Shakspeare.

. Brooches ; ornamental trjiikets. Stone buckles of silver or gold,,
with which gentlemen and ladies clasp their shirtrbosoms and
handkerchiefs, are called in the north brooches. (Gloss, to' Percy's
Relics of Ancient Poetry). They are mentioned in the old ballad
©f •'^The Boy and the Mantle," vol. iii. p. 3.

" A kirtle and a mantle
" This child had uppon^
** With ' brooches' and ringes^
" Full riehelye bedone."

MERTOK, COUNTY OP SOMERSET.

RobeH de St^ Clare holds, ten pounds a year of lands in the
hiundred of Merfok, of our lord the King in qhief, by the service

112

of finding an armed servant (or esquire) with a horse in the King's
army in Wales, for forty days, at his own costs*.

WATERHALL, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Reginald de Grey holds the manor of Waterhall, in the county
of Bucks, of our lord the King, by the service of finding one man
upon a horse without a saddle, of the price of fifteen pence, and
one bow without a string, and one arrow without a head ^, when
the King shall command him, for his service for the said manor,
to be in his army -j*.

f Flaccum sine capite, must doubtless be intended for an arrow
without a head, from the French Fleche, an arrow or shaft*
Blount.

f Flaccum, I presume applies to the feathering of an arrow. The
family name of Fletcher is derived from Flecher, being a person
who trimmed and feathered arrows, as we see in several old
books, especially in Scotland,

" A feathered shaft."
Quaery — Is it not a sheaf or quiver ? W.

* Robeitus de Sancto Claro tenet decern -|- Reginaldus de Grey tenet manerium de

Ijbratas terras in hundredo de Mertok, de do- Waterhall in com. Buck, de domino Rege per
mino Rege in capite, per servitium invcniefidi servitium irivemendi unum hominem super
unum servientem armatum cum uno equo, in unum equum sine sella, precii xv d. et unum
exercitu domini Regis in Wallia, per xl dies, arcum sine corda, et unum Flaccum sine
sumptibus suis propriis. Pk, Coroti.dis Ann. capite, cum domiiius Rex mandaverit, pro
8 £dw. I. Somer. Blount^ 76. servitio suo dicti manerii, habendi in exercitu

suo, &c. 9. Jan. 17.Edw. I. Inquia. iii com.

Buck. Blount, 1S8.

SECT.

lis

SECT. III.

Of Petit Serjeanties h.y finding Footmen for the Wars.

BANNINGHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Roger Bygod, Earl of Norfolk, holds a certain serjeanty in
Banningham, which is called Tusard, by the service of finding for
our lord the King, one Balistar, in the time of war, for fifteen days,
at his own propyer costs *.

HERLHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLIv.

Ralph de Herlham holds the manor of Herlham, in the county of
Norfolk, by the serjeanty of finding, in the Castle of Norwich, one
Balistar ^, in the time of war, for forty days, at his own proper
costs f.

^ Balistarium. A cross-bow-man, or one that did sling stones or
shoot darts at the enemy, before the invention of guns. Blount
Vide p. 66. Molsey.

JSTAPELEY, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Edmund Synagor holds the manor of Stapele, in the county of

* Rogerus Bygod comes Norf. tenet quan- f Radulphus de Herlham tenet manermm de

dam serjantiam in Banningham, quae vocatur Herlham in com. Norf. per serjantiam inve-

Tusard, per servitium inveniendi domino Regi, niendi in Castro de Norwico, unum Balista-

unum Balistarium, tempore guerrae, per quin- rium, tempore guerrae, xl dies, sumptibus

decim dies, sumptibus suis propriis. Rot. suis propriis. Plac. Coron. de anno 14

Tin. 6. Joh. Rot. 54. Blount, 70. Edw. I. Rot. 3. Norf. Blount, 67.

Q Southampton,

114

Southampton, by the service of finding a Serjeant at Arms f in the
army of our lord the King, every where in England, at his own
costs, for forty days *.

f The Serjeants at Arms were first instituted by King Richard I.,
in imitation of a corps of the same name formed fey Philip
Augustus King of France, when on a crusade, to guard him
against the subjects of the Old Man of the Mountain, famous
for their darino- assassinations.

The duty of those serjeants, originally, was to watch round the King's
tent in complete armour, with a mace, bow, arrows, and a sword,
and occasionally to arrest traitors, and other ofienders about the
court, for which ih^ mace was deemed a sufficient authority.
They were called the valarou,s force of the King's errand, in the
execution of justice; they held their places foi; life; their number
was originally twenty-four, all persons of approved worth, and,
not under the degree of the son of a knight ; and afterwards the
sons of gentlemen were admitted into the body.

In the reign of Edward I. the Serjeants at Arms were allowed two
marks for winter, and the same for summer robes. Their pay
in that of Edward II. \vas; twelve; pence per diem, when they
attended on horseback, and eightrpence when th^y attendtid
without a horse. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. pp. 178-4.

* Edmundiis Synagor tenet manerium de in exercitu dpmiiii Regis in Anglia, sumptibiis
Stapele, in com« Southampton, per serjantiara suis propriisj per xl dies. Plac. Coron.
invjeniendi unum Serjai^tiuia ad Arma; ubique 8„Edw. I. Rot. 13. South. Blount, 84.

FORDING-

11^

FORDINGBRIDGE HUNDRED, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Richard de Carevile held six pdtinds a year of land, in capite,
of our lord the King^ in the saiiie hundred, by the service of find-
ing a certain Serjea;nt at Arms in the King's army, every where in
England, at his own costs, for fdrty days *.

SIBERTOFT, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Thomas Curzonn holds the manor of Sibertoft, in the county of
Northampton, of our lord the King in capite, by the service of
finding a footman, with bows and arrows, in the King's army, for
forty days., within the four seas, at his <iwii proper costs f.

UPTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Nidlidlas Chauiiceux holds tlie marior'of Upton, in the coiirity of
Northampton, (which is ahtieht demesne of tlie crown of our lord
the King) by the service of finding one armed man in the King's
War, wherisoeve^r it should be needful, Within the four seas of Eng-
land, for fotrty darys, at Ms oWtl proper dusts .^.

* Richardus de Carevik teimit sex liteatas quator maria, sumptibus suis propriis, Plac,

terras in capite de domino Rege, in eodem Coroii. 3 Edw. I. 'Rot. 14. Northamp.

hundredo, per serjantiam inveniendi quendam Blount, 70.

Serjantiuin.adArma,ubiqtie inexercitudomim 4^ Nicholas Chaunceux tenet manerium de

Hegis in Anglia, sumptilMis-sai^, p€r xL dies. Upton, in com. Northaiiipton, quod est de

Plac. Coron. 8 Edw. I. Rot. 23. South. antiquo dominio Coronx domini Regis, per

S^ount, 86. servitium inveniendi unum hominem armatum

-j- Thonia^ Curzona tenet manerium de Si- in guerra domini Regis, quaudocunque necesse

b'ettoft, in coni. Northampton, de domino fu^rit, infra quatuor maria Anglm, per xi,

Rege in capite, per servitiund inveniendi unum dies, sumptibus suis propriis. Plac. Coron.

iiominem peditem, cum arcubus et «agittisj ia 13 £dw. I. Roti 33. Northamp. Blount, 71.
cxercitu domini Regis, per XL dies, infra

a 2 THETHER-

116

THETHERCOTE and CHEDDICH, COUNTY OF OXON.

Peter de Chetwode holds half a carucate of land in Thethercote
and Cheddich, by serjeanty of finding in the army of our lord the
King, at his own proper costs, in the time of war, one footman,
with a lance, and an iron trumpet :|:§|., for forty days *.

'^^X I^'on Trumpet. Bucinus is mis-read for bacinus, which signifies
a basin, and thence is easily transferred to a scull-cap or
head-piece, the sense which it obtains here. It is called Capella
ferrea, p. 88, and Basnetus, p. 89. P.

%^X Military music, before the introduction of fire arms, served to
animate the soldiers in battles and assaults of places, as well
as for the purpose of signals for the different manoBuvres and
duties in camp and garrison ; wherefore it cannot be doubted,
but it was used in our antient armies.

In an old manuscript chronicle -f- is a ballad made on the victory of
Kinff Edward III. over the Scots at HalUdowne Hille, in which
there are these lines :

This was do with merry sowne.

With pipes, trumpes, and tabers thereto.

And loud clariones thei blew also.

* Petrus de Chetwode tenet dimidiam caru- lancea, ct uno bucino ferreo, per XL dies,

catam terrae in Thethercote et Cheddich, per quaere. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Kot. 37.

•erjantiam quod solebal invenire, in exercitu dorso. Blount, 74.
domini Regis, sumptibus suis propriis, tempore •{• MS. Harl. No. 4690,

guerrae, ununi homiuem peditem, cum una

And

117

And in the prose account of the same battle in the same MS.
" then the Englische mynstrelles beaten their tabors and blewen
their trompes, and pipers pipedene loude, and made a great schowte
upon the Skottes/' Notwithstanding this, ueither drummers,
trumpeters, nor any other minstrels occur in the wardrobe accounts
of either Edward I. II. or III. Possibly they were part of the royal
household, paid under some other department.

The common military instruments of music were the trumpet,
drum, fife, and horns of different kinds.

The trumpet is of the most remote antiquity, and frequently
occurs in the Scriptures as being used by the Israelites. The Ro-
mans had both the straight and crooked trumpet ; and trumpets of
both kinds have been found in different parts of England, gene-
rally supposed to have been Danish* Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii.
pp. 41, 42.

LEWE, COUNTY OF OXON.

Robert de Eylesford holds three yard-lands in Lewe in the county
of Oxfordj of our lord the King, by the service of finding a man,
with a bow and arrows, for forty days, at his own proper costs,
whensoever it should happen that the King went into Wales witk
his army*.

* Robertiis de Eylesford tenet tres virgatas propriis, quotiescutique contigerit dominuiir

terne in Lewe in com. Oxon. de domino Rege, regem ire in Walliam, cum exercitu suo. Plac.

per servitium inveniendi iinuni hominem cutq Coron. 1 3 Edw. I. Rot. 50. dorso. Oxon>

arcuet sagittasper xL dies, sumptibus suis Bloant, 75-.

WROTTING,

118

WROrriNG, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Waller Pychard, of Wrotting in the county of Suffolk, held one
hundred acres of land, of our lord the King, in chief, by the ser-
jeanty of finding for him one footman, with a bow and four arrows,
as often as the King went into Wales with his army, for forty days,
at his own proper costs *.

MAYFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Mayford is a serjednty of our lord the King, and the owner of it
ought to find an ^ Esquire (servientem) with an haubergeon and
a lance, for forty days, at his own costs f.

^ The original has servientem, which I presume does not mean a'
servant, but a rank next to a knight, viz. an esquire. P.

^ I do not think servientem is an esquire, for he is a person at arms,
and of a well established name, besides, the haubergeon and
lance are not the arms of an esquire, but of a lower person. If
he was to bear a lance merely for another, I would begin to
doubt, because that is one of the duties of an esquire, but it is
evidently to serve in the field so accoutred, not as carrying the

* Walterus Pychard, de Wrotting in com. exercitu, per XL dies, sumptibus euis propriis.

Suflfolk, tenuit centum acras terrse, de domino Plac. Coron. 14Edw. iVKbt. 46. JBlount, 78.

Regein capite, per serjantiam inveniendi dor + Mayford est serjantia dpmini Regis, et

mino Regi, uniim hproin^m peditem, cum UHO debe:t invenire unum servientem, cum uno

arcu et qu^tuor sagittis, quotiescupque con- hambergello et una Uncea, per xl dies, ad

tigerit doininum Regem ire in Waljiam, cum custum suum. Plac. Coron. 19 Hen. III-

Surrey. Blount, 79.

arms

119

arms of another, but his own, with which he is to fight. May it not
mean a vassal holding his lands for a certain service performed
to his lord? I do not think serviens implies a menial, but one a
rank below an esquire, one who had some one between him and
the King, bound to follow his lord to the field, or perform other
service for the protection given him by his patron. Perhaps a
yeoman. I remember to have seen an old drawing of an
areher, attended or accompanied by a man in the hauberk, with
a cap of the same^ and a lance in his hand.^ Indeed, they al-
ways appear to have gone upon service together, the lanceman
being to swppoptthe archer, who was in a manner defenceless if
closed upon. Hence serviens, as being in aid and support of the
archer,, may properly enough apply.. I am confirmed in this,
by the grant of my office of gentleman usher of the white rod,
which I hold " cum duobus^ armigeris, duobus arcu tenentibus
cum suis eqpis et servis administrandis sibi in dicte officio^'

The hauberk and the name are both Nornian. W

Grose, in his^ Military Antiq.. vol. i* p; 10^ describes servientes to
be substitutes for tenants in eapitc

CHIIMTING, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Thomas Therel had a certain serjeanty in Chinting in the county
of Sussex, by finding a certain esquire (servientem) whenever the
King should go with his army into Wales, or elsewhere in Eng-
land, at his proper costs for forty days *.

BLACHINGTON,

•Thomas Thierel habuit quondam serjan- quendani servientem, quotiescunqli'e contigerit
tiam/ in Cbintittg in cOm. Sussex, inveiiiendi doniinum Regem> cum exercitu sue, ire in

Walliam,

120

BLACHINGTON, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

And Thomas de Peverel holds lands in Blachington by th«
same service*.

HOCHANGRE, COUNTY OF HANTS.

James de Hochangre holds Hochangre in the county of South-
ampton, by the serjeanty of finding a valet||§|| in the army of our
lord the King, for forty days, and of making the bridge at Ho-
changre ; and it was worth by the year a hundred shillings -f-.

|1§|1 Perhaps one who waited upon a man at arms. A.

mil Either Valectum must mean something else than valet, or talet
had a different signification to what we now give. Besides, he
seems to be attached generally to the army, and not as a valet
to attend a master.

May it not mean varlet, for in Troilus and Cressida, act 1. sc. 1.
Troilus says ;

" Call here my varlet I'll unarm again :

*' Why should I war without the walls of Troy,

*' That find such cruel battle here within ?

Walliam, vel alibi in Anglia, sumptibus suis f Jacobus de Hochangre tenet Hochangrfe

propriis, per XL dies. Plac. Coron. de7Edw. in com. Southampton, per serjaiitiam inve-

I. Rot. 81. Sussex. Blount, 83. niendi unum valectum in exercitu domini Re-

* Et Thomas de Peverel tenet terram in gis, per quadriginta dies, et ad faciendum pon-

Blachington, per idem servitium. Ibid. RIount, tern de Hochangre, et valet per ann. c s. Plac.

83. Coron. 8 Edsv. I. Rot. 13. South. Blount, 84. ,

And

Til

And tRe note explains varlet to have anciently signified a servant
or footman to a knight or warrior. Chalnaers's edit, of Shakspeare.,

In the vrardrobe account of the 28th of King Edward I. A. D.
1300, under the article of Esquires, we meet with many persons
entitled valets, with the daily pay of 12 d. Du Cange, and other
writers, are of opinion that the appellation of valet was generally
given to young gentlemen of rank and family who were not yet
knighted. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 273^, where see more^
note (u.) . ,-

BENTLEGH, COUNTY OF HANTS.

. Thomas de Brustvil holds ten pounds a year of land in Bentlegh
in the county of Southampton, by the serjeanty of finding a man with
a bow and arrows in the army of our lord the King, in England
and Wales, for forty days, at his own costs *.

TUDDERLEGH, COUNTY OP HANTS.

Richard de Cardevile holds one hundred shillings a year of land
in Tudderlegh by the same service -f-. '

CASHAM, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Rowland de Arley and Henry Wade, hold the moiety of a certain

* Thomas de Brustvil tenet decern libratas propriis. Plac. Coron. 8 Edw. I. Rot, 20.

terrae in Bentlegh in com. Southampton, per dorso. Blount, 85. >

serjantiam inveniendi unum hominem cum •]- Et Ricardus de Cardevile tenet centum

arcu et sagittis in exercitu dominj Regis in solidatas terrae in Tudderlegh per idem ser-

Anglia et Wallia, per xl dies, sumptibus suis vitium. Ibid. Blount^ 85.

B serjeanty

122

serjeanty in Casham in the county of Southampton, by finding a
certain footman to keep the Castle of Porchester, in the time of
war, for forty days, at their own proper costs. And that serjeanty
was let upon yearly rent at half a mark *.

BOROUGH OF PORCHESTER, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Roger de Wanstede holds half a serjeanty there, by the service
of finding one valet for eight days, at his own proper costs, with a
Wambais ^, an iron head-piece, and a lance, to keep the Castle of
Portsmouth in the time of war ; and it is let upon rent at ten
shillings yearly -j^-.

% Wambais. Praepunctum in the Latin, mis-read for perpunctum.
Wats ad Mat. Par. p. 53. Brady's Hist, of Engl. 204, of
Appendix. P.

^ Wambais. Doublets composed of many folds of linen, stuffed
with cotton, wool, or hair, and commonly covered with lea-
ther. Note (r) Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i, p. 10.

ClIETTINGTON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Roger Corbet holds the manor of Chettington in the county of

* Roulandus de Arley et Henricus Wade, + Rogerus de Waastede tenet dimid. serjan-

tenent medietatem cujusdain serjantiae in Ca- tiam ibidem, per servitium inveniendi unum

sham in com. Southampton, ad inveniendum valectum, per octo dies, sumptibus propriis,

quendam homineni peditem ad custodiendum cum prffipuucto, capella feriea, et lancea, cus-

Castrum de Porchester, tempore guerrae, per todirc Castrum de Portsmue tempore guerrae,

XL dies, sumptibus suis propriis, et arrentata ct arrentata est per annum ad decern solidos.

est serjantia ilia per annum ad dimid. marcam. Plac. Coron. 8 Edw, I. Rot, 41. Blount, 87.
Plac. Corori, 8 Edw. 1. Rot. 26, dorso.

Blount, 86.

Salop,

123

Salop, of the King in capite, by the service of finding one footman
in the time of war, in the King^s army in Wales, with one bow and
three arrows, and one pale, and carrying with him one bacon or
salted hog ; and, when he comes to the army, delivering to the
King's Marshal a moiety of the bacon ; and thence the Marshal is
to deliver to him daily, some of that moiety for his dinner, so long
as he stays in the army ; and he is to follow the army so long as
that half of the bacon shall last *.

ASTON-CANTLOU, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

The manor of Aston-Cantlou (so called from the family of Can-
tilupe) was by inquisition after the death of Laurence Hastings,
Earl of Pembroke, returned to be held in this form, viz. That that
manor is held by itself of our lord the King in capite, by the ser-
vice of finding a foot soldier, with a bow without a string, with a
helmet ^, or cap, for forty days, at the proper charges of the lor4
of that manor^ as often as there should be war in Wales -j:

% Basnetus. A helmet, from the Norman French Bassinet, Basinet,
or Bacinet ; which signifies the same. E^

* RogerMs Corbet tenet manerium de Chet- rit in praedicto exercitu. Et debet sequi exer-

ington in com. Salop, de Rege in capite, per fitum durante dimidio bacone prsedicto. Lib.

servitium ioveniendi unum hominem peditem, deTenuris, 24 Edw. I. Blount, 136.

tempore guerrae, in exercitu Regis Walliae, -f- Quod quidem manerium per se tenetur de

cum uno arcu, et tribus sagittis, et uno palo ; domino Rege in capite, per servitium inveni-

et deferet secum unum baconem, et cum ad endi unum hominem peditera cum arcu sine

«xercitum Regis pervenerit, liberavit Mares- corda, cum uno basneto, sive cappa, per qua-

challo Regis medietatem baconis, et inde Ma- draginta dies, sumptibus propriis, quoties fuerit

reschallus deliberavit ei, quotidie, ad prandium guerra in Wallia. Inquis. post mortem Laur.

«uum, de-prsedieto dimidio baconis, dum stete- Hastings, 22. Edw. III. JBlpunt, 2.

R 2 ^ Bacinets

124

f Bacinets were light helmets, so called from their resemblance
to a bason, and were generally without visors, though from
divers quotations cited by Du Cange *", they appear occasionally
to have had them. Fauchet supposes them to have been a
lighter sort of helmet, that did not cover the face, and says, he
finds that the knights often exchanged their helmets for bassi-
nets, when much fatigued, and wishing to ease and refresh
themselves; at a time when they could not with propriety go
quite unarmed.

Bassinets were worn in the reigns of Edward II. and III. and
Richard 11, by most of the English infantry, as may be repeatedly
seen in the rolls of parliament, and other public records.

CASTLE-CARY, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In the 47th year of King Henry III, Henry Lovel was found to
die seised of the manor of Castle Cary in the county of Somerset,
by him held in capite of the King for a whole barony, by the service
of finding two soldiers in the King's army, at his own cost, for forty
days f.

STAVELEY, COUNTY OF DERBY.

In the 17th year of King Edward I. John 3Iusard was found to
be seised of the manor of Staveley in the county of Derby, held of
the King in capite by barony ; finding for that, and his other lord-
ships, two soldiers in the King's army in Wales ;J;.

* Guil. Guiart. 1 _ _, ^ . _„ . Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. pp. 243, 243,

A ,/,™^ ? Et Clers Bacinez a Visieres. j . / .

An. 1270. 3 and note (p.)

A 1304 (Hauberjons,ettaclesEntieres f Escaet. 47Hen. III. n. 11. Blount, 14,

( Escus, Bacinez a Visieres. J Escaet. 17 Edw. I. n. 6. Derb. Blount,

BRINESTON,

125

BRINESTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER, on DORSET.

The manor of Brineston, in the county of Chester, is held of
the King in capite, by the service of finding a man in the army of
our lord the King going into the parts of Scotland, barefoot,
clothed with a waistcoat f (or shirt) and breeches |.§:|;, (or drawers,
or trowses) having in one hand a bow without a string, and in the
other an arrow unfeathered [§] *.

% Camisia. Probably a shirt ; from the French Chemise. E.

X^X Braccis. Breeches, or drawers. Blount.

[I] Tribulum. A Calthrop (ahtiently used in war) without those
four pricks, which it usually had, to annoy the enemies horses
feet. But quaere. Blount. It means some larger sort of arrow,
shot out of a cross-bow. Tribulus is also Calthrop ] but that
signification is altogether foreign to the passage. A. It seems
to mean a quarrel discharged from that engine which was called
a Tribulus ; for which see Du Fresne. P.

BRYANSTON, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Ralph de Stopham holds the manor of Bryanston, in the county
of Dorset, by the serjearity of finding for our lord the King, as

^ Maneriutn de Brineston, in com. Cestriae, pedibus, camisia et braccis vestitum, haben-

tenetur de Eege in, capite, per seivitium inve- tern in una maiiu unum arcum sine corda, et

niendi unum bominem in exercitu domini altera manu unum tribulum non pennatum.

Regis in partibas Scotise profecturum, nudis In^uis. 27 Edw. III. n. 40. Blount, 30,

often

12$

often as he should lead his English army into Wales, a boy f^,
carrying a bow without a string, and an arrow unfeathered §-f^, at
his own proper costs, for forty days *.

<ff Gar9ionem. A boy, from the French Garyon. E. A boy carry-
ing a bow without a string ; but what Buzonem signifies. Lector
tu tibi Oedipus esto. Blount.

% The Boys following an army were in the Latin of those days
(temp. Hen. V.) called Garciones, they were the servants of
the soldiers. In father De Aquino's Military Dictionary, Garcio
is explained to be a camp servant, one who fetched water for
the soldiers : these boys were by the French named Goujats,
and, according to Richelet, were the servants of foot soldiers ;
but Boyer calls them the servants of horse or foot soldiers.
Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 183,. note (q).

§-|-§ Buzonem. An arrow; hence, Arquebuze. P. It may be an
arrow without feathers (puto) to answer that of a bow without a
string. A. A.

5f§ A ball was used often with the cross bow, and if that is here
meant, the derivation of Arquebuze will be evident, and to that
opinion I am rather inclined, but if it means an arrow, and not

* Radulphus de Rtopham tenet tnanerium sine corda, et unum buzonem sine penuis, ad

dc Bryanstan in com. Dorset, per serjantiam sumptus sues proprios, per quadraginta dies,

inveniendi domino Regi quotiescunque conti- Plac. Coron. apud Schyrebume, 6 £dw, I,

gerit ipsum habere exercitum in Angliae in Dorset. Rot. 3. Blount, 45.
Walliam, gar^ionem, deferentem unum arcum

the

127

the kind of ball above mentioned, I would suspect it does not
apply to one without feathers, but to a buzzing or whistling
arrow, often used to dismay an enemy, and as often shot off
in flights by a body of archers as a feu de joie. In corrobo-
ration of this, the word Boss is the common term in Scotland for
a thing that is hollow or empty, and thereby emitting a sound
when struck or otherwise acted upon. Or does Buzo mean a
butt arrow in contradistinction to the roving arrows ? W.

BRADEPOLE, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Elena de Gorges holds the manor of Bradepol6, in the county of
Dorset, by the serjeanty of finding an armed Esquire, (servientem)
when war shall happen, for forty days *.

BROKENERST, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Peter Spileman held of the King in capite, one carucate of land
in Broken^rst, in the county of Southampton, by the serjeanty of
finding an Esquire, (servientem) with a Haubergeon f , for forty
days, in England, Ac-f-

f Hambergellus. A defence or covering of armour, composed of
small ringR or circles of iron, woven together J. In French, cote
de mail; in English, shirt of mail. Blount. Spelm. Gloss
274- A.

* Elena de Gorges tenet manerium de Bra- unam carucatam terrae in Brokenerst, in coifi;-

depole, in com. Dorset, per serjantiam inve- tatu Southamptoniae, per serjantiam inveniendi

aiendi quendam servientem armatum, cum unum servientem cum. Hambergello, per qua-

guerra evenerit, per quadraginta dies. Plac. draginta dies, in Anglia, &c. P'ines in. Wiltes

Coron. apud Schyreburne, 8 Edw. 1. Dorset. and Southampton, anno 1 Edw. II. B}bant,54.

Rot. 14w Blount,. 47. | Munimen ex. eomplieatis hamis vel circulis

•i;Petrus Spileman tenuit de Rege in capite^ ferreis, Spelm. Gloss. 274. Blount, 54.

fThis

128

<[[ Tliis Hambergell was a coat, composed of several folds of coarse
linen, or hempen cloth ; in the midst of some of which was
placed a sort of net-work, of strong ringlets of iron, about a quar-
ter of an inch diameter, interwoven very artificially together; and
in others of thin iron square plates, about an inch from side to
side, with a hole in the midst of each, the edges laid one over
another, quilted through the cloth with small packthread, and
bedded in paper covered with wool. Parts of two such Hauber-
geons are now in the editor's possession, either or which would
be sufficient to defend the body of a man from the stroke or
point of a sword or lance, if not from a musket-ball, and yet so
pliable as to admit the person wearing them to use all his limbs,
and move his joints without the least interruption.

N. B. The kind of armour mentioned above to be made of iron
plates, was by the antients called Squamata Vestis. And that
sort made of links, united together in chain-work, was called by
them Hamata Vestis ; from which word Hambergell seems to
have been derived. See Appendix to Dr. Ducarel's Anglo-
Norman Antiq. p. 1 0.

*J^ Whitaker, in his history of Manchester, says, the first natural
armour of all nations, as well as of the Romans, was leather.
And in this state it was denominated a coat of mail by the Bri-
tons. Mala, in Irish, being either armour or a bag, a budget,
and a post-mail. He also derives Cuirass, a breast-plate or coat
of mail, and Harness, from words signifying leather. Hist, of
Manchester, lib. H. cap. 8. sect. 1. p. 301. The word Mael in
Welch, signifies properly steel, and metaphorically, hardness,
armour. See Rowland's Mona Antiqua. p. 301. edit. 1766.

PENGEVEL,

129

PENGEVEL, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Robert d^ Wena holds three Cornish acres % of land in the town
of Pengeyel, in capite, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of
finding five soldiers ^t th^ ^ayte FpriJs pf the Castle of Lance-
veton, &(!,*

^ Note, a Cornish acre of land makes sixty of our statute acres,
or near thereabout. Blount. A large proportion ! Qusere, if
not six? A,

STOKE, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Nicholas le Archer holds two ci^rucates of land in the town of
Stoke, in the county of Gloucester, by the serjeanty of finding for
our lord the King in his army in Wales, a man with a bow and
arrows, at his own costs, for forty days-j-.

WATTON, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Robert Aguillum holds the manor of Watton, in the county of

Hertford, by the serjeanty of finding a foot soldier, whensoever our

lord the King should march into Wales, for forty dayis, at his own

charges 1,

EAST

* Robertus de Wena tenet tres acras Cornu- terrae in villa de Stoke, in com. GIouc. per

bienids terras in villa de Pengevel, in capita, serjantiam inveniendi domino Riegi in exercitu

dfe domino Rege, per serjantiam inveniendi Walliae, unum hominem, cum arcu et sagittis,

qtrinque soldarios ad Vada Gayte Castri de sumptibus suis propriis, per xl dies. Pla.

Lanceveton, &,c. Pla. Coron. de ann. 12 Cor. 15 Edw. I. Glouc. Blount, 57.

Edw. I. Cornub. Blount, 55. % Robertus Aguillum tenet manerium de

•f Nichola? le Archer tenet duas carucatas , Watton, in com. Hertford, per serjantiam

S inveniendi

130

EAST SMITHFIELD, LONDON.

Thomas de Meose holds a messuage, and one water-mill, and
eight acres of meadow with the appurtenances, in East Smithfield,
by the service of finding for our lord the King, a footman with a
bow and arrows, for forty days, at his own charges, in the Tower
of London, in time of war *.

NETHER OVERTON, COUNTY OF OXON.

Robert de la Sale holds two Yard-lands X^X in Nether Overton,
by the serjeanty of finding, in the army of our lord the King, a man
bearing an Ensign ^, for forty days, at his own proper costs ; and
now it pays a rent at the Exchequer -f.

X%X Virgata Terrae. Ten acres of land, according to the old custom,
make a Ferdell, (Fardingdeal, or Farundel) and four Ferdells
make a Yard-land J. Yard-land is a quantity of land, different

iuveniendi unum hominem ad pedes, quando- 'f Robertus de la Sale tenet duas virgatas

cunque dominus Rex vadit in Wailliam, per xL terrae in Nether Overton, per serjantiam inve-

dies, sumptibus suis propriis. Pla. Coron. ni^ndi, in exercitu domini Regis, hominem

6 Edw. I. Rot. 39. Hertford. Blount, 59- portantem unum penicillum, per quadraginta

* Thooias de Meose tenet unum messua- dies, sumptibus suis ; et modo arrentata est

gium, et unum molendinum aquaticum, et ad Scaccarium. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I.

octo acras prati cum pertin. in East Smith- Rot. 37- dorso. Blount, 73.

field, per servitium inveniendi domino Regi J Decem acrae terrae faciunt secundum an-

Bnum hominem peditem, cum arcu et sagittis, tiquam consuetudinem, uiwm Ferdellam, et

per XL dies, sumptibus suis propriis, in Turri quatuor Ferdellae faciunt yirgatam. MS,

London, tempore guerrae. Pla. Coron. 32 Cpdex. Blount's Law Diet. ;tit. Virgata Terrae^
£dw. L Blount, 66.

according

131

according to the place or country ; as at Wimbledon in Surrey,
it is but fifteen acres, in other counties it is twenty, in some
twenty-four, and in others thirty and forty acres *. The fourth
part of an acre, in some places, is called a Yard-land, and half
an acre is a Selion. A -f.

% Penicillum. An ensign, or the colours in an army, or flag.
Blount. Ending in a tail or point, and borne by knights bache-
lors 1 the point being cut off, so as to make the ensign square, it
was then called a banner, and the bearer was, by this ceremony,
(viz. of cutting off the end of his ensign, and making it a banner)
created a banneret in the field. A,

* Braet.,lib. 2. cap. lOi Jacob's Law Diet. f 9 Edw. III. 47^;

tit. Yard-lwd.

s 2 SECT.

132

SECT. IV.

tyf Petit Serjeanties, hy finding Horses, S^c. for

the Wars.

KINWALDMERSH, COUNTY OF DERBY.

IVicliolas, son and heir of Sir Nicholas de Longford, Knight,
liolds four messuages, forty acres of land, ten acres of meadow,
and forty shillings rent, with the appurtenances, in Kinwaldmersh,
(now called Killamarsh, and formerly Kilwaldmarsh) of the King in
capite, by the service of finding one horse, one sack, and one
pryk f , in the war of Waks, whensoever it should happen that
the King made war there *-

f Pryk, signifies a goad or spur, as I suppose, and is elsewhere
in Latin called Compunctum. Blount. Pryk, joined with sack,
must be the same as Brochia, above.

A Prick, or Pryk, as anciently written, means sometimes, no
doubt, a spur ; the spur formerly consisting of one point instead
of five, or more. Blount's Tenures, p. 125. Grose on Spurs, in

* Nicholas, filiuset haeresNicholaide Long- equutn, iinum saccutn, et unum pryk, in

ford, Chivalier, tenet quatuor messuagia, xl guerraWailiae, quandocuaquecontigerit Regetn

acras terrae, decern acras prati, et xls. red- ibi guerrare. Fines 1 Ric. II. Derby. Blount,

ditus, cum pertinentiis, in Kinwaldmersh, de 17.
Rege in capite, per servitium inveniendi unum

Archselogia

133

Archselogia Soc. Antiq. vol. viii. p. 112. seq. Hence, to prick, means
to ride, quasi, to prick the horse, or put him on.

" A gentle knight was pricking on the plain."

Spenser's Fairy Queen.

So Fairfax, Tasso iii. 21. vii. 27. ix. 22. Flodden Field, stanza 89.
Percy's Songs, i. p. 25. 42 ; and metaphorically, pricked on, Hamlet
1- i. is urged on.

I suspect, however, that both Mr. Blount* and Mr. Grose f are
mistaken in interpreting the word of a spur or goad, in the terms
of the tenure 1. R. II. « per servitium inveniendi unum equum,
unum saccum, et unum pryk, in guerr4 Walliae, quandocunque con-
dgerit reg«m ibi guerrare f since, in my opinion, this passage,
wherein pryk is joined with saccus, is to be explained by that in
p. 26, where the party is to find " unum equum, unum saccum, et
unam brochiam in «ervitio domini Regis in Wallia, ad custum
domini Regis." Pryk is again joined with saccus, p. 41 and 6Q,
and therefore must surely mean in these cases a skewer, to pin
up or fasten the mouth of the sack. This explanation seems to be
confirmed by that passage, p. 62, where we have " cum uno equo
precii vs. -et cum uno sacco precii ti d. et cum brochia ad eundem
saccum." Brochia here is evidently the same as pryk, from Fr.
Broche or spit, and, appertaining to the sack, can never be under-
stood of a spur or a goad. See also p. 65. But the matter is still
more clear p. 96, where the person that demands the bacon at
Wicbenour, in Staffordshire, is required to bring " a horse and

* Blount's Tenures, p. J7. 125. t Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 258.

a saddle,

134

a saddle, a sakke and a pryke, for to convey the said bacon, &c."
and it is observable, for a conclusion, that in Ray's North Country
Avords, p. 8. 49, a prick signifies a skewer.

What is here said may serve to explain that passage, p. 32, to
which 31r. Blount puts a quaere, " per servitium inveniendi unum
stimulum ferreum pro una warrocks ^ super quoddam cloth-sack,"
from 22 R. II. for stimulus here is not a spur, but as connected with
cloth-sack, must mean a skewer; and it appears from hence, that
the skewers in question were supposed to be made of iron, and it is
termed stimulus, only because this is Latin for a prick, just as a
school-boy would render it.

We have shewn above, that pryk and brochia are equivalent
words ; and therefore when Mr. Blount expounds brochettus, p.
71, in this passage, " unum equum, et unum saccum, cum uno
brochetto," by a little bottle or Jug, he errs most egregiously. He
was led, however, into this mistake by Sir Henry Spelman, Gloss.
V. Brochia, who interprets these words of Bracton, " inveniendi
unum hominem, et unum equum, et saccbum cum brochia pro
aliqua necessitate, vel utilitate exercitum suum contingente," in
this manner, " dictum opinor a Gall, broc, quod lagenam majorena,
aut cantharum, significat, plus minus sex sextarios continenten* ;
lit sit saccus ad deportationem aridorum brochia vero liquidorum,"
than which nothing can be more foreign from the truth. Great men
will sometimes err |1^|[.

^ A war-horse, Blount^s Tenures, p. 107, edit. 1784, quasi war-ag,
which indeed is ingenious ; but there lie two objections against
it. First, it makes a word part French, part British; secondly,

a war-

135

a war-horse mounted by a warrior can have nothing to do with
a cloth-sack; possibly it may be mis-read for carrock, a cart-
horse, from carrectarius.

j|§|| There seems some confusion in the explanations of brochia,
brochetta, and pryk, and they are frequently mistaken for each
other, when, in truth, they are very different. The brochia is
neither more nor less than a buckle, resembling the Roman
fibula, or what is now used as an ornament for the breast. Those
used by the Romans, and by our ancestors, were often of a large
size. I recollect to have seen a silver one at Keswick, which
had been found in Cumberland. It was of Roman workmanship,
and supposed to have been applied to fasten the entrance pf
some general's tent. The circular part was eight or nine inches
in diameter, and the tongue full a foot in length.

Brochettum or Brochett, is also, I conceive, of a similar form, but
much smaller, as the addition of ett denotes. I take it to be the
brochett which is still worn by the women in the Islands of Scot-
land, now in many instances considered as merely ornamental.
The most common consists of a strip of circular brass with a
"tongue. The circumference nearly equals the palm of the hand^
and has generally an inscription in the Erse language upon it.

The pryk, on the other hand, is a skewer or nail, and countrymen
still fasten the mouth of a coarse sack with a wooden pin or
'skewer, when they have no cord at hand ; and it will be ob-
served, that in almost every tenure the brochia and brochetta
,ar^ connected with a leather sack, though the price of the s^ck
is often mentioned, when the latter is used in order to shew

that

136

that it Is a small sack, and therefore requires a small buckle.
On the other hand, I do not remember reading of any leather
sack accompanying the pryk, but merely a sack, or a saccus
canabinus. W-

It is confirmed to be a skewer by the note on the following pas-
sage in King Lear (act ii. sc. 3.) where Edgar says,

*' The country gives me proof and precedent
" Of bedlam beggars, who, with roaring voices,
" Strike, in their numbed and mortified bare arms
" Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary "

Wooden pricks, i. e. skewers.

FELSTEDE or FALSTEDE, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Adam de Glanville holds twenty acres of land in Pelstede, by the
service of keeping two palfreys, at the livery of our lord the King *.
And

Walter de Glanville holds forty acres of land in Falsted in the

county of Essex, by the serjeanty of carrying one seam of Oats t*|,

at his own proper costs to the horses of our lord the King, whilst he

resided in the county of Essex, between the bridge of Stratford

without London, and the bridge of Colchester ; and now that land

pays a rent -f-.

X^'t Summa

* Adam de Glanvile tenet xx acias terraein Coron. apud Chelmsf. 1 1 Hen. III. Blount,
Felstede, by the service of keeping two pal- 26.
freys, ad libeiationem domini Regis. Plac. f Walterus de Glanvik tenet quadraginta

acras

137

$*|: Summa Avense. A seam or horse load of oats. A seam, in
some places, is iaceounted eight bushels ; in others, perhaps more
properly, but four. Blount.

LEGRE, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William, son of John de Legre, held certain lands in Legre in
the county of Essex, by iserjeanty to find one horse, one sack, and
a broch, in the service of our lord the King in Wales, at the cost
of the King *.

THE WAPENTAKE OF STRAFFORD, COUNTY OF

YORK.

Thomas Carnifex ^ holds of our lord the King, in chief, the ma^ior
of R. in the county of York, by the serjeanty of finding for him in
his army in Wales j one horse, a bill-f-4-f, one broch |1§||, and one
sack, &c. and the aforesaid Thomas was amerced for the unjust
detention -f*.

^ Carnifex. A hkngman, executioner, or gaoler. Ainsworth. Per-
haps also a butcher. E.

acras terrae in Falsted in com. Essex, per ser- ad custum domini; Regis. Plac. Cor. apud

jantiam cariandi unam sunimam avenae sui7]p- Chelmsf. 11 Hen. II[. Blount, 26.

tibus suis propriis, ad equos domini Regis, dum -|- Thomas Carnifex tenet de domino Rege

tamen dorainus Rex moram fecerit in com, in capite, manerium de R. in com. Ebor. per

Essex, inter pontem de Stratford extra Lon- serjantiam inveniendi domino Regi in exercitu

don, et pontem de Colcester, et modo terra suo in Wallia, unum equum, unam falcem,

ilia arrentata est. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. unam brochiam, et unum sacciim, 8tc. et prje-

Essex. Blount, 52. dictus Thomas in misericprdia pro iiijusta de-

* Unum equum, unum saccum, et unam tentione. Pla. Coron. 7 Edw. I. Ebor.

brochiam, in servitio domini Regi* in WaUia, Blount, 49.

■■" ' T t-HFalx.

138

•f-^'f Falx. An engine of war, crooked like a hook, to pluck the
stones out of the walls of a besieged city. Ains worth.

-f^f In Much ado about Nothing, act iii, sc. 3. Dogberry says to
the 2d Watch,

" Why, you speak like an ancient and most quiet watchman;
" for I cannot see how sleeping should offend : only have a care
" that your bills be not stolen."

The note states that a bill is still carried by the watchmen at
Litchfield. It was the old weapon of English infantry, which, says
Temple, gave the most ghastly and deplorable wounds. It may be
called securis fialcata. Johnson.

It also occurs in the Second Part of King Henry VL act iv, sc. 7,
where Dick, one of Jack Cades followers, asks

" My Lord, when shall we go to Cheapside, and take up com-
" modities upon our bills 1"

Perhaps this is an equivoque, alluding to the brown bills or hal-
berds, with which the commons were anciently armed- Note.

And again, Timon of Athens, act iii, sc. 4.

Lrcius Serv. " Put in now, Titus.
TiTrs. My Lord, here is my bilL
Luc. Sert. Here's mine.
HoRTENSiTJS Sert. And mine, my Lord.

Both

IS9

Both Var. Serv. And ours my Lord.

Philotus. All Qur bills.

Ti;i^. Knack pie down with 'em. :. cleave me to the girdle."

Timon (juibbles. They present their written bills ; he catches at
the word, and alludes to the bills or battle-axes which the ancient
soldiery carried, and were still used by the watch in Shakspeare's
time. Note.

And in King Lear, act iv, sc. 6.

Lear. " There^s my gauntlet; 111 prove it on a giant. Bring up
" fte bpown bills."'

A bill was a kind of battle-axe affixed to a long staff. Note, in
CbaloieFs^^ edit, of Shak^e^^re.

Also, in the old ballad of Chevy Chaee ; |see Percy's Rejics oS
ancient Poetry, vol. i. p. 6.)

*' At tibe taste a sqmyar of Northombelonde

" Lokyde at his hand full ny,.
" He was war ath the doughetie Doglas comynge ;

*' With him a mygbte meany,

" Both with spear, byll, and brande,
Yet was a mighti sight to se ;
Hardyar men both off hart nar hande
" Wear not in Christiante."''

Byll, b3ll> an ancient kind of halbert, or battle-ax. Gloss.
Brochia. Vide pa^,e JW). E.

T 2 SPMNGSEND,

140

SPRINGSEND, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Peter the Marshall holds a certain tenement in Springsend in the
county of Essex, by the serjeanty of keeping one palfrey in the
stable of our lord the King, at the costs of the King*.

TEY-MAGNA, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Robert de Trumpeton holds half a carucate of land in Tey-
Magna in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of finding for our
lord the King, one horse, and one :|.*j: sack of hemp, and one
broch in the King's army in Wales, for forty days, at his own pro-
per costs -f-.

The land held by Robert de Trumpeton, is now the property of
Thomas Astle, Esq. the lord of the manor, who pays a Crown-rent
in lieu of the service.

The tenants of, this manor, now pay to Thomas Astle, Esq. the
lord, a rent of thirty shillings per annum, in lieu of Ouziellf^.

The tenants of this manor were formerly bound to maintain a
number of hawks for the lord's use, till they were a year old. This
service hath long been ttirned into the above rent of thirty shillings.

* Petrus le Marshall tenet quoddam tene- rucatam terrae in Tey-Magna in com. Essex,

mentum in Springsend in com. Essex, per ser- per seijantiam inveniendi domino Regi, unum

jantiam custodiendi unum palfridum in stabulo equum, et unum saccum de canabe, et unam

domini Regiis, siimptibus ipsius domini Regis. brochiain, in exercitu domihi Regis in Wal-

Pla. Coron. 13 Edw.I. Essex. Blount, 53. liam, per XL dies sumptibus suis propjiis.

•f Robertus de Trumpeton tenet dimid. ca- Ibid. BIouBt, 53.

X*'t Unum

141

X*t Unum Saccura de Ganabe, et unam Brochiam. A bag made
of hempen cloth or canvas, and a jug or botUe to carry drink.
See Morton. Blount. Sed. vide p. 110.

J*J Brochia. Its combination here " with sack and broch," the
more and more convinces that it means a Fibula, or sort of
buckle vi^ithout which the sack either could not be fastened or
fixed on any carriage. Vide p. 135.

^ Ouziell. Ouzell (young birds) is a diminutive of ouseaux, the
obsolete French word for oiseaux. Birds *.

^ Ouzell. The term ouzel does not apply to young birds. It is
the name of a genus of birds comprehending the blackbirds
and thrushes, classed by Linnaeus under the name of turdus.
This tribe are destructive to fruit, and were served up at all
royal feasts. May ouziell not mean the obligation either to
furnish ouzels for the table, or to protect the gardens and vine-
yards by destroying them, or can it be to supply them for the
aviary? W-

This bird is spoken of in the Midsummer Night's Dream, act iii,
sc. 1. where Bottom sings,

■" The ousel-coek, so black of hue,
^' With orange tawney bill,
" The throstle with his note so true,
*' The wren with little quill."

* Letter from Thomas Astle, Escj. to the Editor, 27th Nov. 1782.

^ ■' The

142

The ouzel-cock is generally understood to be the oock blackbird ;
but the ouzel differs from the blackbird by having a white crescent
upon the breast, and is, besides, rather larger. Note, in Chal-
mers's edit, of Shakspeare.

RODE, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON,

Robert Maunsel holds forty acres of land, with the appurtenances
in Rode, in a certain place called Somerhale and Lidgate, of the
honour of Peverell, by the serjeanty of finding for our lord the
King in his war in Wales, when it should happen, one horse of
the price of five shillings, and one sack of the price of four-pence
half-penny, with one Brochett \\%\\, for forty days, at his own proper
costs *".

\\m Brochettum. A little bottle or jug. Blount, Diminutive of
brocha or brochia. A .

Thi^ confirms the note on brochia above, as the sack being small,
required only a small fibula, buckle, brochett, or clasp, and they
are also connected together in unum saccura cum uno bro-
chetto.

BULEWELL, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Roger Rastall held lands in Bulewell in the county of Notting-
ham, of the King,- by the service of paying every year, a horse
with a halter -f-.

* Robertus Maunsel tenet xl acras terras, precii qiiinqvie splid^rui^, et unum saccum

cum pertin. in Rode, in quodam loco vocato precii ivd. ob. cum uno brochetto, per quadra-

Somerhale et iadgate, de honore PeverelK, ginta dies, sumptibus sttis -pFopnis. Inq. 1 3> '^

per serjantiam inveui^^tdi ^omjflo Regi, in Joli. Ret. 35. Blount, 7 1 .
guerra sua Walliae, cum acciderit; unum equuiu •)- Testa de Nevill. Blount, 88.

BRUN-

143

BRUNNESLEY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

•Gilbert de Brunnesley held lands in Brunhesley in the county of
Nottingham, of the honour of Peverell, by serjeanty of finding a
horse of five shillings price, with a sack and broach, and an halter
of an halfperiny pi^ice, for forty days, at hi« own cost, in the King's
army in Wales *.

WYLEWEBY, now WILLOUGHBY, COUNTY OF

NOTTINGHAM.

Reginald de Colewyke, for the serjeanty of Wyleweby, owes to
©ur lord the King, in his army in Wales, one horse of the price of
three shillings and four-pence, and one sack with a broch, and one
horse collar, with a canvas cloth J|§| of the price of one penny f-.

||§|| Capistrum cum Canabo. Blount

BADEW, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

. Robert the Marshall, about the time of King Henry II. held one
Hide ^ of land in Badew by the serjeanty of keeping the King's
palfrey :|:, ^

^HidaTerrae. In a manuscript law book, written by Ambrose
Couper, Esq. a student in one of the Inns of Court, in the year

*. Testa de NevilL Blount, 88. Rob, de Pasekw, tempore Hen. Ill, Blount,

f Reginaldus de Colwyfce, pro serjantia de 131.
Wileweby debet domino Regi, in exercitusuo in { Robertus Marescallus unam hidam in

Wallia, unum equunipreciiiiis. ivd. et unum Badew, per serjautiam custodiendi palefridum

saccum cum brochia, et tuiam Capistrum cum Regis. ^Append, to Brady's Introduct. p.'23.
canabo,- precii id. De serjautiis ar«atatis per

1579,

144

1579, now belonging to Francis Ferrand Foljambe, Esq. of Ald-
warke, near Rotherham, Yorkshire, it is laid down as a rule,
that a hide of land consisted of 160 acres, and was made up of
the following parts, viz. ten acres make a ferundel, or farding-
deal, four ferundels make a yard-land, and four yard-lands a
hide. So four hides, it is said, or 640 acres, made a knight's
fee. And that when a knight's fee was taxed at, or paid 40s.
then a yard-land of forty acres paid 2s. 6d., half a yard-land
I5d., a ferundel 7|d., and an acre |. And so dcxl acres of
land made one great knight's fee, which paid for a relief c s. *

*^ Yet, notwithstanding the positive assertion in Mr. Cdupei-'s MS.
of the quantity of land contained in a hide, the learned Selden
as positively asserts that the quantity was doubtless uncertain.
He says it regularly was, and is, as he thinks, as much land as
might be well manured with one plough, together with pasture,
meadow, and wood, competent for the maintenance of that
plough and the servants of the family ; and his observation is
certainly very just that it must of necessity be various, accord-
ing to the nature of. the soil, and custom, of husbandry in every
country. He also cites a Record, which shews that it had been
uncertain for ages before he wrote, which is from an old court
book of the manor of Cranfield, parcel of the possessions of the
Abbey of Ramsay, Avhere the homage at a court of survey held
there in the time of Henry HI. said, they did not. know how

* Sciendum est quod magnum feod. militis una virgata terrse XL acrar. ii s. vi d. et pro

constat ex quatuor hidis, et una hida ex qua- dimid. vii gat. terrae xvd. etpro ferundel. vud.

tuor virgatis terra, et una virgata terra ex ob. et pro una acra ob. q. Et sic dcxl act.

quatuor ferundel. et una ferundel es decern terrje faciunt unum magnum feodum militis,

acris. Et sciendum est quod quando dabitur quod ad relevium c s.
ad Stat, pro magno feod. militis xl s. tunc pro

many

many acres made a yard-land, because sometimes forty-eight
acres, and sometimes fewer made a yard-land, and that four
yard-lands made a hide *►

SECT. V.

Of Petit Serjeanties by Jtnding Arms for the King m

his Wars, S^.c^

CARLETON, COUNTY OF NOTflNGHAM.

Edmund Willoughby held one messuage and six bo vats :|:"* J of
land in Carleton, in the county of Nottingham, as of the manor of
Shelford, by the service of one catapultaf by the year for all ser-
vices f V

%*% Bovata Terrse. A bovate of land, is as much as one ox can
plow in a year. Blount. A bovate or oxgang of land contains,
in general, only about fifteen acres in the county of York, but
varies according to the difference of soil. See Hidcy p. 143.^ E.

^ Catapulta. Was an ancient wai'like engine to shoot darts. Blount.

^ It was an engine of Roman origin, more properly used for throw-
ing large stones, or driving off a flight of arrows. It acted as a
lever» one end being so fixed in a twisted rope that the twist

* Seidell's Titles of Honour, 622, servitium unius catapultaa per annum pro omni

t Edmundus Willoughby tenuit unum mes- servitio. Lib. Sched. 14 Heu. IV. Nott»

suagium et sex bovatas terrse^ in Carlton in fo. 210. Blount^ 3.

com. Nott. ut d« manerio de Shelford; per

V was

146

was increased by drawing back the other end, in which was a
socket for the stone, and when suddenly let go, the rope acted
as a powerful spring in drawing back the lever, which being
checked by a cross rope just when at the extent of its sphere of
action, projected the stone with great force. To throw arrows
they were placed in a board, with their knocks projecting, which,
being struck by the lever, upon the same principle, were con-
stantly propelled- W-

SLOLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Richard Sloley held of the King in capite, one messuage and
four acres of land, in Sloley^ in the county of Warwick, by ser-
jeanty, that is, by giving to the King, upon every expedition with an
army towards Scotland, one pole-ax f , or twelve-pence in silver for
all services *.

<|f The pole-ax differs very little from the battle-ax, except in name ;
some derive its appellation from that kind of ax being much
used in Poland, and say, that its true name is the Polish-ax ;
some again deduce it from its supposed use, which was to strike
at the head or poll ; and others say it is called a pole-ax, from
being fixed on a long pole or handle. Grose's Milit. Antiq.
vok t p. 123.

POLE, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

William Montacute obtained a grant from King Edward IIL of
the manor of Pole, with the advowson of the chm'ch, in the county
of Cumberland, paying the King, his heirs and successors, where-

* Escaet. 9 Hen. V. No. 1 7. Blount, 1 1,

soever

147

soever he or they should happen to be, a sword of three shillings
and four-pence price, in lieu of all services *.

DRAKELOW, COUNTY OF DERBY.

William de Grescley holds the manor of Drakelow, in the county
of Derby, in capite, and pays one bow, without a string, and one
quiver of Tutesbir ^, and twelve arrows, fledged, or feathered |1§||,
and one unfeathered §*|. -f-

f Pharetra de Tutesbit. Quaere, the meaning of Tutesbir ? The
word in the Testa de Nevil is Tutesbir, probably for Tutbury.

I am inclined to think Tutesbit, or Tutesbir, is not the name of
a place, but some particular material used for making qui*
yers. W.

[1§|1 Sagittas Flectatas. Fledged or Feathered arrows. E.

|*§ Buzonem. See p. 126.

HOMET, IN NORMANDY.

King Henry V. granted to Sir Walter Hungerford, the castle
and barony of Homet in Normandy, in special tail ; rendering to
the King and his heirs, one lance, with a fox-tail hanging thereat,
yearly, upon the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, and find-
ing ten men at arms, and twenty archers, to serve him or his lieu-
tenant during his wars with France :|:.

* Carta. Edw. III. No. 26. Blount, 12. . unum buzonem. Veredict. de singulis Wa-

•|- William de Greseley tenet manerium de pent, in com. Nott. et Detb. Blount, 15.

Dr^kelaw in com. Derby, in capite, et reddit J Rot. Norman. 6 Hen. V. p. 1. m. 2.

unum arcum sine corda, et unam pharetram Blount, iQi,

As Tutesbir, etiiuodecem sagittas fiectatas, et

tj2 LANTON,

148

LANTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

The Baskervills' antiently held lands there, in chief, as of the ho-
nour of Montgomery, by the service of giving the King a barbed-
headed arrow, v»^hen he «ame to hunt in Corndon Chace .

MORTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Edmund Busche holds lands in Morton, in the county of Essex,
of the King in capite, by the service of finding one iron prick for
a warrocks ^, upon a certain cloth sack, whensoever our lord the
King should ride in the army towards AVales in the time of war -f ••

% Warrocks. See p. 134. This word is one of those which Mr.
Blount does not attempt to explain, and which he says in his Pre-
face, might pose the ablest glossographer then living. Notwith-
standing which discouraging circumstance, the editor is tempted
again to repeat his conjecture that it wiay mean a war-horse, and
ought to have been written war-ag, which the ingenious and
learned author of The Way to Things by Words, &c. p. 31, says,
is the radical of the word mark, the ancient British word for a
horse. The word naa:, which is still retained as a name for a
horse, perhaps ought to be written an ag, having acquired its
present form by means of the crasis, so common in our language.
See Gent. Mag. vol. xlvii. p, 320, 372.

* Fin. Hil. 20 Edw. III. Blount, 24. super quoddam cloth-sack, quandocunque do-

■f- Edmundus Busche tenet terras in Mor- minus Rex equitaverit in exercitu versus

ton in com. Essex, per servitium inveniendi partes Walliae, tempore guerriE. Hil. 22

unum stimulum ferreum pro uno Wiwroks, Ric. II. Essex. Blount, 32.

PRUHAM,

149

BRUHAM, COUNTY OF BEDFORD.

Bertram le Wyle holds half a hide of land in the- town of Bruham,
in the county of Bedford, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of
paying yearly one pair of bows for a saddle [§] *.

[§] Unum par arceonum (dealbaf) ad sellam. Quaere, if it may not
signify a pair of (white) saddle-bows, from the French word
arceau (arcon), which denotes as much. Blount.

TURVEY, COUNTY OF BEDFORD.

The prior of Newnham holds half a hide of land in the town of
Turvey of our lord the King in capite, by the serjeanty of paying
yearly one pair of white bows for a saddle, and that land was
worth ten shillings a year -f-.

AURI AND HOLE, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Walter Aungerin holds one carucate of land in Anri and Hole, in
the county of Devon, by serjeanty, that whensoever our lord the
King should hunt in the Forest of Exmore, he should find for him
two barbed arrows. And the land was worth, by the year, twenty
shillings '^.

* Bertrammusle Wyle tenet dimidiatnhidatn ilia xs. per ann. Placit. ut supra. Elount,

terrae in villa de Bruham, com. Bedf. de domi- S7.

no Rege, per serjantiam reddendi per annum J Walterus Aungerin tenet unam carucatam

unum par arceonum ad sellam. Placita coram terrae in Auri et Hole, in com. Devon, per

Joh. de Vallibus et Soc. 15 Edvv. I. Bedford. serjantiam, quod quotiescunque dominus Rex

Blount, 37. fugare voluerit in Foresta de Exmore, inveniet

■f Et prior de Neuriham tenet dimid. hidam eidem domino Regi -dnas sagittas barbatas.

terrae in villa de Turvey de domino Rege in Et valet terra ilia per ami. xx s. Plac. Cor.

capite, per serjantiam reddendi per ann. unum de 9 Edw. I. Devon. Blount, 43.
par arceonum dealbat. ad seliam, et valet terra

LA BARR,

150

LA BARR, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Morinus de la Barr held eight acres of land at La Barr, in the
county of Devon, of our lord the King in capite, by the serjeanty of
paying him one salmoii and two barbed arrows, whensoever he
should hunt in the Forest of Exmore *.

DROSCUMBE, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Walter de Bromhall held certain land in Droscumbe, in the
county of Devon, by the serjeanty of finding for our lord the King,
whensoever he should hunt in the Forest of Dertmore, one bow and
three barbed arrows. And it was let at five shillings a year rent'f'.

LOSTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

William de Albemarle holds the manor of Loston, by the ser-
jeanty of finding for our lord the King two arrows and one loaf of
oat bread, when he should hunt in the Forest of Dartraore J.

COLEWYKE, OR OAER-COLEWICK, COUNTY OF^NOT^

TINGHAM.

Reginald de Colewyke owes, for the serjeanty of Colewyke, to

* Morinus de la Barr tenuit octo acras cunqiie contigerit ipsum fiigare in Fpresta de

terrse apud La Eiarr, in com. Devon, de domino Dertmore, ununfi ^rcum et tres sstgittas bar-

Rege in capite, per serjantiam reddendi doiuino batas ; et arrentata est ad vs. per ann. Ibid.

Regi unum salmonen et duas sagittas barbatas, Blount, 44. ,

quotiescui\que contigerit ipsum doniinum Re- % Willielmus de Albemarle tenet manerium

gem fiigare in Exmore. Plac. Cpron. de 9 de Loston, per serjantianfi iuveniendi don^ino

Edw. I. Devon. Blount, 43. Regi duas sagittas, et unam panem avenae, cum

•f- Walterus de Bromhall tenuit quandara dominus Rex currit in foresta d§ Dertmore,

terram in Droscombe, in com. Devon, per It>id. BJount, 44.
serjantiam inveoiendi domino Regi, quoties-

our

151

our lord the King, on his arrival at Nottingham, once a year, twelve
arrows *.

Reginald de Colewike held lands in Over-Cole wick, in the county
of Nottingham, of the King in eapite, by the service of paying
him twelve barbed arrows when he should come to Nottingham
Castle -f-.

SCIREDUN AND SIPLEGH, COUNTY OF DEVON.

David de Sciredun ^^held lands in Sciredun and Siplegh, in the
county of Devon, of the King, by the service of finding two arrows,
when the King, his sovereign lord, should come to hunt in the Fo»
rest of Dartmore *.

BRADELEY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Ralph dte [le] Fletcher holds in the town of Bradele, in the
icounty of Lincoln, one messuage and two oxgangs of land, and six
acres of wood, vvith the appurtenances, of our lord the King in
<;apite, by the service of paying yearly twenty fletched arrows^ a4
the exchequer |.

^ Flectas. Arrows with narrow feathers ; fleet arrows, such as they
shoot at rovers. Blount. Flectas ironi the word Fleche^ French
for arrow. A.

* Eeginaldus de Colwyke debet pro ser- % Camd. Brit. tit. Devon. Blount, 111.

Jantia de Colw34£e, domino Regi in adventu ^ Radulphus de Fletcher tenet in villa de

suo apud Nottingham, semel in anno, duo- Bradele, in com. Line, unum messuaginm et

^eoim «agtttas. De serjantiis arrefttatis per duas bovatas terrae, et sex acias bosci, cum

Rob. de Paselew, tempore Hen. III. Blount, pertin. de domino Rege in capite, per servi-

131. tium reddendi per ann. viginti flectas ad scac-

f Eacaet; 36 Hen. HI. No. 38, Blount, carium domini Regis. Plac. de Libertat. et

94i Quo Warr. 9 Edw. I. lancoln. Blount, 64'

UPTON,

152

UPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Walkelin de Fabrica holds one yard-land in Upton, in the county
of Gloucester, by the serjeanty of paying, at the manor house, two
hundred arrow heads. And the jurors said our lord the King was
in seisin of it *.

SCARGERTHORPE, BECKINGHAM, and SUTTON,
COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

The abbot of Netele (Nutley) holds in Scargerthorpe, Beck-
ingham, and Sutton, in the county of Lincoln, a certain manor,
with the appurtenances, which he had of the gift of Walter de
Burgo, who held it of our lord the King in capite, by the service of
giving him one head-piece, or helmet, lined with fine linen 1|§1|,. and
one pair of gilt spurs for all services -f.

(I^tl A Head-piece lined with syndon, or fine linen, and a pair of
gilt spurs. Blount.

GISSAG, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Imbert Pogeys holds the manor of Gissag All-Saints, of the gift
of King Henry, by the service of one pair of gilt spurs. And the
same Imbert gave the said land to the abbey of Tarent, i&c.J

WEST^

* Walkelinus de Fabrica tenet unam virga- quodhabet de dono VValteri de BuigD, qui illud

tam terrae in Upton, in com. Glouc. per ser- tenuit de domino Rege in capite, per servitium

jantiam reddendi ad manerium domini ducenta reddeixdi domino Regi unam capellam line^

capita sagittarum. £t juratores dicimt quod afam de syndone,et unum par calcarium deau-

dominus Rex est in seisina. Plac. Coron. 15 ratorum pro omni servitio. Plac. de Libertat

Edw. I. Glouc. Blount, 58. ct Quo VVarr, 9 Edw. I. Lincoln. Blount,

f Abbas de Netele (Nutley) tenet in Scar- 6l.

gerthorpe, Beckingham, et Sutton, in com. ;}: Imbertus Pogeys tenet manerium de

Lincoln, quoddam maQeiium cum pertin. Gissag Omnium Sanctorum de dono Henrici

Regis,

153

WESTCURT, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Walter Gs^telyn holds the manor of Westcurt, in the town of
Bedington, in the county of Surrey, in capite of our lord the King,
paying therefore to him yearly, a cross-bow J§|: of the price of
twelve pence*.

X^t Balista. A cross-bow, or warlike engine to cast stones or darts.
Blount.

X^X The cross-bow, or Arbalist, called in Latin Arcus Balistarius,
or Balista manualis, and in French Arbalet, is said by some to
be of Sicilian origin ; others ascribe its invention to the Cretans.
It is supposed to have been introduced into France by the first
Crusaders, and is mentioned by the Abb6 Suger in the life of
Louis le Gros, as being used by that prince in the beginning
of his reign -f*, which commenced in the year 1108.

Verstigan seems to attribute the introduction of this weapon into
England to the Saxons, under Hengist and Horsa, but cites no
authority in support of that supposition. In a print, represent-
ing the landing of those generals, the foremost of them is deli-
neated with a cross-bow on his shoulder, and others are seen in
the hands of the different figures of their followers, landed and
landing from their ships ; of this print he says, " and because

Regis, per servitium unius paris calcariorum in eapite de domiDO Rege, re(}dendo mde do-

deatiratorum : et idem Irnbertus dedit dictam tnino Regi per annum, unam balistam precii

terram Abbathise de Tarent, &c. Plac. Coron. xiid. Plac. Coron. 19 Hen. III. Surrey.

apud Schyreburne, 8 £dw. I. Dorset. Rot. 4. Blount, 81.

Blount, 46. t P- Dankl Hist, de la Mil. Fr. torn. 1.

* Walterus Gatelyn tenet manerium de p. 42d.

Westcurt, in villa de Bedinton, in com. Surrey,

these

154

" these noble gentlemen were the first bringers in and conduc-
" tors of the ancestors of Englishmen into Britaine, from whence
" unto their posterity the possession of their country hath
" ensued, I thought fit here in portraiture, to sit down their
" first arrival, therewithal to shew the manner of the apparel
" which they wore, the weapons which they used, and the ban-
" ner or ensign first by them spred in the field." Some writers
say, William the Conqueror had cross-bows in his army at the
battle of Hastings. The Genoese were reckoned skilful in the
use of this weapon ^ a great number of them were in the French
service at the battle of Gressy.

TTie effects of this weapon were deemed so fatal and cruel, that the
use of it was forbidden by the second Lateran council in 1139,
under the penalty of an anathema, as hateful to God, and unfit to
be employed among Christians ; which prohibition was confirmed
by Pope Innocent TIL It was, nevertheless, again introduced
into our armies by King Richard I, who, being slain by a dart
shot from one of them, at the siege of the Castle of Chaluz, in
Normandy, his death was considered as a judgment from
Heaven, inflieted upon him for his impiety. Notwithstanding
this example, the eross-bow eontinued to be much used by
tiie British troops^ and in the list of the forces raised by King
Edward H. against ^e Scots, the cross-bow men make the
second article in the en«m«Tation of the different kinds of sol*
diers of which it consisted.

The cross-bow kept its footing in our armies even so late as the
year 15T2, when Queen Elizabeth, in a treaty with Kin^
Charles IX. of France, engaged to fiimish him with six thou-
sand

155

sand laeUy part of them armed with long bows, and part with
cross-bows. And in the attack made by the Enghsh on the
Isle of Rhee, in 1627, some cross-bow men, it is said, accom-
panied the army.

Cross4)ows not only discharged arrows, but also darts called
quarreux, from their heads, which were square pyramids of
iron, corruptly named quarrels. These were sometimes fea-
thered (sn& the term was) with wood or brass. Cross-bows also
shot stones or leaden balls.

Accordi»g to iS^ir John Smith, im his Instructions and Obyervations,
&c. p. 204, a cross-bow would kill point blank: between forty
and ^xty yards, and, if elevated^ six, seven, and even^ eight
score yards. The range, indeed, depended on the size and

- strength o£ the bow; but the distances here given are such
as a eoammon cross-bow wohM carry^

Monsieur d'e Bellay (in a military treatise attributed to himy speaks
highly of the cross-bow, which he prefers to the Harquebus,
and says it would kill at an hundred or two- hundred paces * ;
probably he here meant only miUtary paces ©f tw©^ feet„ or two
feet and a half >

Cross-bow men were dressed^ and* otherwise, armed, much in the
same manner as the archers, and like them, were frequently
mounted on horseback. Grose's Milit. Antiq..voL i. pp.. 148,
149, and I^, where see a representation of the Arbalist..

*Booki. p.'2&

X 2 CHICHESTER^

156

• * CHICHESTER, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Certain lands and tenements in the suburbs of Chichester, in the
parish of St. Pancras, are held of the King in capite, by the service
of paying to him, whensoever he should come through a street,
called Goddestrete, on the South Sea, a spindle-full ^ of raw
thread, to make a false string for the King's cross-bow *.

f Fucillum, Fusellum, or Fusillum, from Fusus. A. A spindle-full
of raw thread, to make a false string for the King's balista or
cross-bow. Blount.

^ T do not think this translation correct. I think it is a string or
cord not twisted. The art of making a bow string is to have it
of raw even strands, almost without a twist, therefore I conceive,
that as cordam implies it to be twisted, the addition of falsam
means the reverse, and denotes a cord of a peculiar quality^
that is not twisted or plaited. A twisted or plaited cord is quite
improper for a bow, and cannot stand the jerk, W.

THE HUNDRED OF LOSEBERG, COUNTY OF

DORSET.

Thomas, son of Richard de Mareschal of Cerberg, held certain
land in the hundred of Loseberg, in the county of Dorset, in

* Qiiaedam terras et tenementa in suburbia venellam, vocatam Goddestrete^ super Mari

Cicestriae, in parochia Sant^i Pancratii, te- Australi, unutn fucillum plenum fili crudi, ad

nentur de Rege in capite, per servitium red- falsam "cordam pro balista sua facienda. Rot.

dendi Regi quandocunque veuerit per quandam fin. 2 Ric. II. Blouut, 92.

capite

157

capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of finding a certain
horse-comb, or curry-comb |§i|:, &c.*

^%X Strigulum. A horse-comb, or curry-comb. Blount. FrOm
Strigil, or Strigilis. E.

THE COUNTY OF EWE, IN NORMANDY.

Henry V., King of England, after his conquest of France, by his
charter dated the 10th of June, 1419, in the seventh year of his
reign, granted the county of Eu, or, as he then spelt it, Ewe,
together with the title of earl, to William Lord Bourchier, who had
married Eleanor Plantagenet, widow of Edmund Earl of Stafford,
and daughter of Thomas de Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester^
youngest son of King Edward IIL-f rendering to the said King
and his heirs, at the Castle of Rouen, one Gardebrache J*.]: yearly,
•at the feast of St. George, &c. J

p^% This Gardebrache is otherwise called Vambrace, and signifies
armour for the arm. Blount- Vambrace is a doublet, or the
cloathing under the «oat of mail, Gardebrache is quite dif-
ferent. A. See p. 100.

CLAYDON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Thomas de Argentein held a certain serjeanty in Claydoft, for

* Thoipas, filius Richardi de Mareschal de. f DiKarel's Anglo-Norm. Amtiq. p. 2. '-qd

Cerbcrg, .tenpit quandam terrain ip, him^r^do J Reddendo dicto Regi et hseredibus suis

de Los^berg, coin. Dorset, incai^te de domino apud castrum Rothomagi, unum Gardebrache,

^o^> .i^ serjantiam inveniendi quendam ad fpstum Sancti Georgii, singulis annis, &c.

Strigulum, &G. Plac. Corpn. apud Schyre- Bar., of E* 2 Par. Bloiint, 104. • "*-

imrne^ 8 Edw. I, Dorset, Rot. 7- Blount, 46, ,

? ,' which

158

which he was to find our lord the Kin^ one horse, one sack, and
one wooden broch ^, in his army in Wales *.

f Brochia. See note on Morton, p. 110.

SAMFORD PEVERELL, &c. COUNTY OF DEVON.

John de Hillesdon held the manor of Samford Peverell„ and the
hamlet of Aire Peverell, with the appurtenances, of our lord the
King in capite, in fee,^ in serjeanty, by finding for our lord the
King, in his army in Wales and elsewhere in Engl^^nd, whensoever
war should happen, one man with a horse §|1§ caparisoned or armed
for war, at his proper costs, for forty days, to abide in the wat
a.foresaid -\\

§li§ Equus eoopertus. See note on Stafford, &e. p. 102^

NORTON^ COUNTY OF ESSEX^

Henry de Havering held the manor of Norton, in the county of
Essex, by the serjeanty of finding one man with one horse, &c^
and one leather-saek, and one iron broeh ^,.

FOTEBURNE, SNYTERBY, and FOLLINGHAM,
COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Robert Wakelyn hokls in Foteburne, and Thomas de Nevill in

^ SeijjaDt' Tho'^ de Ai'gsnt^W'i i" Ctay- ffepdQ, iivsaegean^ia, ad invenJeBd' dno Regl

don, pro qua debuit inTOnire dno. Regi unum in exercitu Wallie et alibi in Anglia, quando-

equum, unum saccum, & unam bFochiam cunqiie guerra eveniat, unum hominem, et

Ugneam m exercitu suo de Wallia, Serj, &c. unum equum coopertum, ad custos s6os pro-

eoi Bucks, temp. Hen. III. H^d. MS.. Bidt.^ prios,perxbdies,morando in guewa predictai

Mus. No.. 313, p. 53. Inquis. p.. m. Tho'. Peverell; anno xxviij;

t- cjohannes 4e HiUesdon. tea' raaner. de E^. I. Harl. MS, Brit. Mus. No.61'2^ p. 43^

Samford Peverell, et hamlett' de Aire Pev€- J Anno 13 Edw. I. Jacob; Law Diet, tit.^

rell; cum pertin' de dno Rege in capita^ in Bcocba.

SnytcFby^

159

Snyterby, and Heni^ de Horkestow in Follingliam, six pounds and
six shillings a year, of land, by the serjeanty of finding one balis-
farf, with six quarrels [*], and a sumpter horse t^§:|:, in the King's
ai*my, for fofty days, at their proper costs, and afterwards at the
cost of the King *-

^ Balistar. See notes on Molesey and Herlham, pp. 93, 113*

£*] Qiiai-rel. 1(Fi*o«i qwadreau, Fr, ; quadrella, Italian.) An arfow
with a square head. It is reported by William Brito, that the
arcubalista or arbalist, was first sh«w«d to the French by oui^
King Richard L, who was shortly after slain by a quarrel
thereo£ Camden, See p., 155,

<« Thwang'd <he steing,, outflew. the quarrel long." Fairfax,

Johnson's Diet. «ub verbo.

^§t Runcmus. A load-horse or sumpter-horse, a cart-horse or
rowney. Blount. See alsd Litdeton's and Ains worth's Diet
Law Lat

MTTLE BRUGE, COUNTY OF SALOP,

Was long held by the Pichfords by a double fenure; that, men-
tioned by Mr. Camden, of finding dry wood for the castle, when
die King was there, which their tenants performed, and that of
finding an h^rsemafi si'ilh his forniture, (habergeriura) in Wales, to
he paid by the King, ' which it- was allowed at the assizesj 20 Ed^
ward L that the lord migM perform -f-. -.''......

* RofcerfuS Wakelyirtehetini^otebume; et custim projirium; et postea* ad cu^t' Re^

Thomas de Nevill iu Snyterby,et Henriciis de Inquisi'anilo regni Heiirici fil. Regis Johannis

Horkestow in Feninghatn.vjTnrrat.etvj "solid: xxviii". Hair. HS7 Brit, Mus: No, 3875,

'terr. per Serjeant, balistar' cum vj quaTFellis,et p. 165-.

funo runcino, b exercitu Regis, per xiL <lies, ad f Gough's Camd. vol. ii, p. 409«

TRUMP-

160

TRUMPINGTOxNS, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Anno 1302, Robert de Trumpeton enfeoffed Lawrence de Stod-
ham, and Anne his wife, in one messuage, 90 acres of arable land,
seven of meadow, 12 of pasture, and 10 acres of wood, liolden
of the King in capite, of the Honor of Bologne, doing suit at the
court of Bologne, at Wyham, from month to month. The tenant
was oblijjed to find one man, and one sack to be fastened with
[skinillo or spineo f ], in the King's war in Wales, whenever it
should happen, for forty days, at his own charge

. *

^ Skinillo or spineo. These words, which Morant has not ex-
plained, I conjecture to signify only a pin or skewer, to fasten the
mouth of the sack, and that they admit of the same interpreta-
' tion as is attempted to be given to brochia, in the note on Mor-
ton, p. 110.

Neither of these are the broch, though the latter probably meant
a wooden skewer or pin, resembling a spine or thorn. A piece
of hide or skin was used as a string or strap. May skinillo not
mean such ? A piece of twine is called skingie in Scotland. W.

MOLESHAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

William die Regdon, and Agnes his wife^ sister and heir of John
Querdebeef, made fine with the King by 10 s. for their relief of
certain lands and tenements which the said John held of the King
in capite, the day he died, in Molesham, in the county of Suffolk,
by the service of providing the King, for forty days, in his army.

* Inc^ius. 30 Edw. 1. Mbrant's Hist, of Essex/ vol, li. p. 207.

witli

161

with one balistar, and two harses, in England, aiid the marches of
Wales*.

WESTCOURTE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Robert deBilkemore, and Anastaeia his wife, daughter and heir
of William de Hardene, made fine with the King by c£lO for their
relief, (amongst other things) of the manor of Westeourte, in Shal-
deburne, which the said William, held of the King, by the service
of finding one horseman, with an aketone^, haubergeonll§||, hel-
met 1|*|1, and gloves of mail, in the King's army, when he should be
summoned, for forty days, at his own proper costs -f.

% Acton or Aketon. A kind of armour made of tafi*atY, or leather
quilted, &c., worn under the habergeon to save the body from
bruises, f. Hocqueton. Gloss, to Percy's Reliques of Ancient
Poetry, vol. i. It occurs in the old romantic tale of Sir Cauline :

" Then manye a knighte was mickle of might

" Before his ladye gaye ;
" But a stranger wight, whom no man knewe,.

*' He wan the prize eche daye^

" His ACTON it was all of blacke,

" His hewberkie, and his sheelde," 4&c.

' * Wilfiehnus de Regdon, et Agnes uxor -f Robertas de Bitkemore^ et Anastatia uxor

ejiis, soror et beres Johannis Querdebeef, ejus, filia et heres ^ Willielmi de Hardene,

finem fecit cum Rege per decern solidis pro fecerunt finem cum Rege, per <£lO pro relevio

relevio swq, 4e quibusdam ter. et teii. quod die- suo, pro manerio de Westeourte, in., Shalde-

tus Johannes tenuit de Rege in capite, die quo burn, quod dictiis Willielmus tenet de Rege

obijt, in Molesham,,. ill com., Suff., per ser- per servitium inveniendi unum hominem equi-

yitium serviendi domino Regi per 40 dies in tem, cum aketona, haubergello, bacinetto, et

^xercitn Regis, cum una balista, et diiobus ciroletis (chirothecis) de plata, in exercitu

equis, in Apglia et march. Wallie, De ter- Regis cum summ. fuerit, per 40 die?, sump-

mino Mich. a". 3 Edw. II. Harl. MS. Brit. tibus suis proprijs. De terminp. Pasche, a".

Mus. No. 34,ppv57, 58-. 7" Edw.. III. Ibid. p.. 118.

'- y The

162

The aketon, gambeson, vambasium, and jack, were military vest-
ments calculated for the defence of the body, differing little
from each other, except in thejr names: their materials and
construction were nearly the same ; the authorities quoted
by Grose, shew they were all composed of many folds of
linen, stuffed with cotton, wool, or hair quilted, and commonly
covered with leather, made of buck or doe skin. The aketon
was long, the sole defensive armour for the body, worn by the
English infantry ; as it not only covered the breast but also the
belly, it was by the Germans called wambasiam, or the belly >.
piece ; the jack gave name to its diminutive the jacket.

Although the gambeson was chiefly worn under the coat of mail to
protect the body from being bruised by the strokes of the sword
or lance, a circumstance that might happen without a division
of the mail, the verses quoted in the note (g,) from the poem of
the siege of Karleverock, shew that it was sometimes worn as a
fur coat, and ornamented with rich decorations. So other au-
thorities (note h,) point out that the aketon was occasionally put
on under the jazerant or coat of mail *.

||§|1 Hambergellus. See note on Brokenerst, p. 127.

11*11 Bacinetto. The same as basnetus. See note on Aston Cantlou,
p. 123.

NEUTON REIGN, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

John Crubbe made fine with the King for himself and others,
(his partners,) by forty shillings, for iheir relief for the manor of

* Grose's Milit, Autiq, vol. ii. pp. 246, 247, 248, and notes c, d, e, f,g.

Newton

163

Newton Reigilj in the County of Cumberland, held of the King by
the serjeanty of finding for our lord the King, in his army, one
esquire, or horseman, (serrientem equitem) with an aketone, hau-
bergeon^^ an iron helmet ^, lance, sword, and long knife, for forty
days^ at their costs *.

^ Capello ferreo. See note on Dylew, &e.

The word knife, which at present has a familiar undignified
meaning, was anciently used to express a sword or dagger, as ap-
pears by the following passage in Macbeth, act i. sc. v, where Lady
Macbeth is made to say, (see note on the passage,)

" Come, thick night,

" And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell !

" That my keen knife see not the wound it makes ;

" Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,

" To cry hold, hold 1" Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare,

WESTUDERLE, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Adam de Bukesgate, son and heir of Richard de Bukesgate,

made fine with the King by £4, for his relief for the manor of

Westuderle, which is held of the King by the service of finding

one man, in his army in England, with an aketone, haubergeon,

iron helmet, sword, and lance,^ with one uncovered horse .t§:]:, for

forty days, at his proper costs -j-.

X^X Equus

* Johannes Crubbe fecit finem cum Rege> ton,, uno haubergeon, uno eapello feni, una

pro se, et aliis particibus, per 40 s., pro relevio lancea, uno gIadio>. uno cultello longo, per 40

eoriundem participum, pro manerio de New- dies, sumptibus suisv De termino Hill. a°. 17

ton Reign, in com. Cumbr. Tenet de Rege per Edw. II. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus, No. 34, p»

eerjantiam inveniendi domino Regi, in exercitn 86.

8UO, unum sbrvi»rterii equitem, cum uno ake- f Adam de Bukesgate, filius et heres Ri-

Y 2 chardi

164

X^X Equus discoopertus. See note on Alcester, p. 106.

EASTLEY, COUNTY OF SALOP, or SOUTHAMPTON.

- John de Estley held of the King (amongst other things) the
manor of Estley, in capite, by service, (to wit) that when the King
should take a journey towards Wales, in the time of war, the lord
of Estley was to find two horsemen who were to follow the King's
victuals, for forty days, at his proper costs *.

WETHERSFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Sir John Nevill held Wethersfeld, by the service of finding one
sack, and an iron broch [-f-], (pin or skewer,) in the King's army,
in Wales -f-.

["i^] Preue [chenili,] seem to signify the same as brochia. I have
not been able to discover these words in any of the Glos-
saries I have consulted, but it appears from the tenure at
Morton, (p. 110.) that they must severally mean a broch, pin, or
skewer; for, in the Harleian MS. British Museum, No. 34,
p. 258, the word chenili occurs, joined to unum saccum de corio.
In the above cited tenure, given by Blount, Richard, son and
heir of John Edward de Morton, being there said to have held
the manor of Morton, of the King in capite, by the service of

charJi de Btskesgate, fecit finem cuni Rege, * Johannes de Estley tenuit de Rege ma-

per <£4 de rel. suo, de manerio de Westuderje, nerium de Estley, in capite, per servitium ;

quod tenelur de Rege per servitium invcniendi scilicet, quod cum dnus Rex itiner. accipit

unum hominem in exercitu Regis in Anglia, .versus 'Walliam, in gtierra, diis de Estley inve-

cum aketon,haubergeon,capelloferreo, gladio, niet duos equites, qui debent sequi victual*

et lancea, cum uno equo discooperto, per 40 Regis, per quadraginta dies, ad sumptum

•dies, sumptibus propriis. De terminoPasche, suuna proprium. Anno 3 Edw. I. Ibid. No

a". 10 Edw. II. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 821, p. 12.

34, p. 74. t Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. ii. p. 371.

finding

165

finding one horse of the price of 10s., and one leather sack,
" cum quodam chenili de ferro, ad attachiendum dictum
saccum,^' &c.

WEST TUDERLEY, COUNTY OF HANTS.

William Tawke, son and heir of Thomas Tawke, acknowledged
himselr to hold, and the said Thomas his father to have held, the
day he died, a moiety of the manor of West Tuderley, of the King
in capite, by grand serjeanty, by the service of finding for our lord
the King one esquire, (servientem) at his proper costs, for forty
days in England, M^ith a coat of mail ^, an iron helmet, a sword,
and a lance : and he paid to the King fifty-three shillings and four-
pence *.

% Lorica. See note on Borebach, &c.

MORTIMER, COUNTY OF KENT,

Was antiently the patrimony of gentlemen of that name, who, for
this estate and other lands, were obliged to provide an hobler, or
light horseman, for the security of the coast about Genlade iii
Hoo -f*.

GRAFTON, COUNTY OF WILTS.

John de Holt, cousin and heir of William Baxman, of Grafton,
gave to the King one mark for his relief, for certain tenements in

. . * Willi^lmus Tawke, filius et heres Thomae glia, cum una lorica, uno capello feareo, uno

Tawke, cognoyit se tenere, et dictum Thomam gladio, et una lancea, et dat Regi liij s. iv d.

patretn suum tenuisse, die quo obijt, med. m. Trin. fin. anno, 17 Hen. VII. Harl. MS.

de West Tuderley, de R. in c. per magnam Brit, Mus. ^o. 5174, p. 18.

serianciam, per servic. inveniendi dno R. uuum -f Magna Brit. vol. ii. p. 1104.
servieot. ad custos suos, per 40 dies, in An-

Grafton,

160

Grafton, in the county of Wilts, which were worth fifteen shillings
yearly, held of the King, by the service of finding one horse, to
carry two budgets or satchels, with the King, as often as he should
come to hunt in the forests of Sannerk (Savernake) and Chute*.

BURFORD, COUNTY OF SALOP,

Came from the posterity of Theodoric Say to Robert de Mor-
timer ; and from his posterity to Jeofry de Cornwaile, descended
from Richard Earl of Cornwall, and King of the Romans,, and his
family have, to this present time, enjoyed the name of barons, but
not their rank in parliament. " Burford," says the Inquisition, 40
Edw. III. is held of the King, to find five men for the army in
Wales, and by the service of a barony ■]-. I must observe here, that
those who held an entire barony were commonly accounted barons»
and, according to the opinions of some of our learned common
lawyers, baron and barony were connected like earl and earldom,
duke and dukedom, king and kingdom J.

TAMWORTII CASTLE, COUNTY OF WARWICK,

Was held by the family of Marmion, and after them by the Fre-
vills, of the King in capite, by knight's service, and to find' three
knights at their own costs, for forty days, in the wars of Wales §.

* Johannes de Hdte, consanguineus et mino Trin. a"- 7 Edw. II. Harl. MS, Brit,

heres Willi' Baxman, de Grafton,, dat Regi Mus. No. 34, p. 68.

unani marcam pro relevio suo de quibusdain f De Rege ad inveniendos v. homines pro

ten' in Grafton, in coin. Wiltes, val. per an- exercitu Walliae, et per servitiura baronia.

num 15 s. Tenet de Rege per servitium inve- Blount's Law Diet. tit. Biarony.

niendi unum equum ad cariand' duas bulgeas J Gough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 396.

cum Rege, quotiescunque Rex veuatum ve- ^ See Scrivelsby, p. 67.
nerit in foresta de Sauiernak et Chut. De ter-

EGREMONT

167
EGREMONT CASTLE, COIJNTY OF CUMBERLAND,

The ancient seat of William de Meschines, to whom Henry I.
gave it by the service of one knight's fee, that he should march at
the Ring's command, in the army, against Wales and Scotland *.

RIVENHALL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Felicia, wife ofWilUam Martell, died 36 Hen. III., folding of
the King, in capite, ninety-eight acres of arable, four and a half of
meadow, three of pasture, and 14 s. 4 d. rent of assize, in Rywe-
hall, by the service of finding one esquire, with a purple lance
and an iron cap, for forty days f.

LONGEDON, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Reginald de Botereus held the manor of Longedon, of our lord
the King, by the serjeanty of finding two esquires %, one with a
lance, the other with arrows, in the time of war X'

% Servientes. See note on Mayford, p. 118.

NORTH GYNELDALL, &c. COUNTY OF YORK.

Thomas de Walkingham, son and heir of John de Walkingham,

gave to the King six marks, for his relief, for tenements in North

Gy»eldall, and East Gyneldall, which he held by the service of

finding one balistar, towards fortifying the Castle of York, in Ih^

time of war§.

OKENARDSON,

* Oougb's Camd. vol. iij. p. 169. f ittis, in guerra. Escaet. de anno primo Edvv.

t Inquis, 3.6 and 43 Hen. III. Morant's J. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 24.
Hist, of Esse3f, vol. ii. p. 147. § TJionjas de Waljciiigham, filius et Ije-

^ RegijQald le Bpteteus, tenuit m. de Long- res Johannis de Walkingham, dat Regi sex

don, per seriantiam inveniendi duos servi- marcas pro ten' in North Gyneldall, et Est
«Otes, unum cum lancea, et alium cum sa<

Gineldale,

168

OKENARDSON, &c. COUNTY OF HANTS.

John de Plesset, some time Earl of Warwick, held the manor of
Okenardson, with the manors of Kedelinton and Bradeham, by the
service of a barony, and to find in the King's army two knights, or
thirteen esquires, for forty days, at his proper costs *.

WALLINGFORD, COUNTY OF BERKS.

In Edward the Confessor's time it was counted a borough, and
contained in it (as we find in Domesday Book) two hundred and
seventy-six houses ^, yielding nine pounds |§^. tax ; and those that
dwelt there did the King service on horseback, or else§*§ by sea-f-.

5f Hagas.
t-^H De gablo.
|*§ Per aquam.

MENESTOKES, COUNTY OF HANTS.

John le Roches, who married Alicia, the daughter and heir of
AVilliam de la Tour, made fine with the King by forty shillings, for
the relief of her, the said Alicia, for one tenement in Menestokes,

Glneldale, per servicium inveniendi ununi Henrici Regis, filij Regis Johannis. Ibid,

balistarium in munitione Castri Eboraci, in No. 2087, p- 2.

tempore guerrae. De termino Hill. a° 30 Edw. f Burgus habebatur Edwardi Confessoris

1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 24. temporibus, etcontinebat(utestineoLibroquo

* Johannes de Plesset, quondam Comes Anglite Lustrum condebat Gulielmus Primus)

Warwici, m. de Okenardson, cum m. de Kede- 276 hagas, i. e. domes, reddentes ix libras de

linton et Bradeham, per ser' unius baroniae, gablo, et qui ■ ibi manebant faciebant servi-

inveniendi in exercilu Regis duos milites, vel tium Regis cum equis, vel per aquam. Camd.

13 servientes, per 40 dies, ad custum suum Brit. 205, and Bishop Gibson's edit. 1772,

proprium. Prima pars Escaet. , tempore vol. i. p. 22G.

169

in the county of Southampton, held of the King in capite, by the
service of finding one archer in the army of our lord the King for
forty days, at the costs of the King*.

PARVA ORTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Richard, son and heir of John Bray, of Netherotton, gave to the
King twenty-one shillings and eight pence, for his relief for two
messuages, three yard lands, and seven virgates of land, with the
appurtenances, in Parva Orton, held of the King as parcel of the
serjeanty which was formerly of William Fitz Alan, in the said town
of Parva Orton, in the hundred of Wotton, in the county of Ox-
ford, held of the King by the service of bearing an ensign in the
King's army before the foot soldiers of the said hundred of Wot-
ton-f-^

IIARKERCET, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Sir John de Charleton, of Apley, knight, held, the day he died,
the manor of Harkercet, to him and the heirs of his body, by find-
ing one footman, with a bow and three arrows, when our lord the
King should go into Wales, in the time of war, to abide with the

* Johannes le Roches, qui Aliciam, filiam de Netherotton, dat Regi Sts. Sd. de re^

et heredem Willielmi de la Tour, duxit in levio suo, pro ij messuagiiS', i^ virgat', et

uxorem, fecit finetn cum Rege per xls. pro vij. virgat' terr. cunr pertinentijs' in Parva

relevio ipsius Alicie, scilicet pro uno ten'to in Orton> ten't de Rege ut p'cell. serjantise que

Menestok, in com. Sutht. ten. de Rege in quondam fuit Willielmi Filij Alani, in dicta

capite per .servitium invem'endi unum sagit- villa de Parva Orton, in hundredo de Wotton,

tarium, in exercitu Regis, per XL dies, sump- in com. Oxon. ten't de Rege per servitium

tibus Regis. De termino Mich, a" 38 Edw. portaridi pencellum, in exercitu Regis, ante

III. Rot. iij". Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. pedites dicti hundred! de Wotton, &,c. De

34, p. 225. .teimino. Mich. a° 27 Edw. III. Ibid. p. 199.

f RicharduS; filius et heres Johannis Bray,

King^

King until the said arrows should have been drawn upon the ene-
mies of our lord the King *.

BRADEFORDE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Ralph de Stopham held in fee of the Earl of Winchester, at
Bradeford, six pounds thirteen shillings and four pence^ yearly
rent of assize, and he was to find for the said manor one footman to
serve our lord the King with a bow and arrow ^ (Bosone), for
forty days, at the costs of the said Ralph, for all services -f.

^ Bosone, the same as Buzonem. See note onBryanston, p. 126.

OLD WINDSOR, COUNTY OF BERKS.

The manor of Old Windsor was confirmed, in 1328, to Oliver de
Bordeaux, who at the same time procured the King's licence to
empark his wood of Folijohn in the Forest, and a charter of various
privileges, particularly that all the lands which he had purchased of
John de London should be out of the regard of the Forest j:. These
lands were held, it appears, by the service of finding a man, with a
lance and dart, to attend the royal army §.

* Johannes de Charleton, de Apley, miles, xiiijs. ivd. de redd. aSsis. per ann. et de-

tenijit die quo obijt, m. de Harkercet, sibi buit invenire pro dicto m" unutn homiiiem

et hered. de corpore, ad inveniendum unum peditem, ad servic' domini Regis cum area

hominem pedit' cum arcu, et iij sagittis, et bosone, per 40 dies, ad custum dicti

quando dominus Rex adiret Wall, tempore Rad'i. pro omnibus servic'. Anno 56 Hen. III.

guerre, ad comorand. cum Regi donee trac- Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4120, p. 11.

tasset sagittas praedictas hostibus dni Rex. J Pat. 2 Edvv. III.

Cotton MSS. Titus, C. x. p. 19- § Pat. 5 Edw. II. Lysons's Mag. Brit.

+ Radulphus de Stopham, tenuit de feodo vol. i. p. 414.
Comitis Wyachester, apud Bradeford, ^vj

SAVOY,

171

SAVOY, LONDON.

Henry the Third granted to Peter of Savoy, uncle to his Queen
Elinor, daughter of Berenger of Provence, all the houses upon the
Thanaes, where this building novv stands, to hold to him and his
heirs, yielding yearly at the exchequer three barbed arrows for all
services *.

REDBURGH, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Roger Baudet held a certain serjeanty in Redburgh, for which
he was to pay yearly at the exchequer one hundred bai'bed ar-
rows -f-.

And he also held one yard land in Yeutis and Andover, by the
like service $.

DAGGEWORTH, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Nicholas de Daggeworth, son and heir of John de Daggeworth,
gave to our lord the King three fletched arrows, feathered with
eaglets feathers, for his relief for certain lands and tenements in
Daggeworth, which the said John held of the King in capite, by
the service of three fletched arrows, feathered with eagle's feathers,
to be paid to the King yearly §.

* Pennant's London, p. 146. § Nicholaiis de Daggeworth, films et heres

•)■ Serjantia Rogeri Baudet, in Redburgh, Johannis de Daggeworth, dat dno Regi tres

pro qua debuit reddere per annum ad Scacc, flecch. pennat. de Aquila, pro relevio suo,

centum sagittas barbellatas. Serjantiie, See. de quihusdam terf . et ten. in Daggeworth, quia

in com. Suhantone, tempore, Regis Hen. III. dictus Johannes tenuit de Rege ia capite, per

Harl. MS. Brit. Miis. No. 313, p. 34. servitium trium fiecch. pennat. de aquila^

:{: Rogerus Baudet tenet ibidem unam virga^ Regis annuatim redd. De terminu Mich, a."

tam terras per centum sagittas solvend. diio S-Edw. III. Ibid^ No. 34, p. IIQ.
Regi annuatim. Ibid. p. 27.

z 2 BRADWELL,

172

BRADWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William de la Donne, son and heir of Robert de \a Donne, ac-
knowledged that he held of our lord the King in eapite, one mes-
suage, one hundred acres of land, four acres of meadow, three
acres of pasture, &c. and ten shillings and seven pence rent, with
the appurtenances, in the town of Bradwell, in the said county
of Essex, by tlie service of the third-part of one knight's fee, and of
rendering to our lord the King, whensoever he should pass into
Wales, for the defence of the kingdom of England, one lance of
the value of two shillings for all services *.

KYNGESHAM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX-

John Taverner, son and heir of Elizabeth Taverner, holds the
manor of Kyngesham, with the appurtenances, together with the
advowson of the church of the same manor, of the King in eapite,
by the service of paying to him one spindle full % of thread (to
make a string) for the King's cross bow, when he should come into
those parts, for all services -f.

% Fusillum. See note on Cliichester, p. 156.

* Willielmus de la Donne, filius et heres Hen. VII. rot. 40. Harl. MS. Brit. Mu6.

Robert! de la Donne, cogii. se tenere de No. 5173, p. 25-

Rege in eapite, unum messuag. c acr. terrae, + Johannes Taverner, filius et "heres Eliza-

■IV acr. prati, iii acr. past. &c. ac xs. viij.d. bethe Taverner, tenet inanerium de Kynges-

reddit. cum pertin'. in villa de Bradwell, in ham, cum .pertin'. una cum advoc'. ecclesie

dco com. Essex, per servic' iij ptis. i. feodi eiusdem manery, de Rege in eapite, per ser-

uul. et per servic'. reddendi dno Regi unam vitium reddendi Regi unum fusillum fili lindi,

lanceam precii ij s. quan^ocunque eidem R. pro balista Regis cum ipse venerit, in partes

"Walliam transire placuit pro defensione Regni illas, pro omni servitio. De termino TjLq, a°.

Angl. pro omnibus servicijs. Trin. fin. 20 19 Ric, II. Ibid. No. 34, p. 340,

GRADELE,

173

GRABBLE, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Ralph le Fletcher holds eight pounds of land in Gradele, of the
gift of our lord the King, by the payment of four marks yearly,
and two oxgangs of land for twenty fletched arrows yearly *.

LEUNESTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Geoffery de Alba-marlia (D'Aumarle), amongst other things, held
the hamlet of Leuneston, of our lord the King in capite, rendering
Cherefore to the King, as often as he should hunt in the Forest of
Dartmore, one loaf of oat bread of the value of half a farthings
and three barbed arrows feathered with peacock's feathers [*] ; and
upon the loaf the price to he marked -j-.

{*] Tres sagittas barbatas, pennis pavonum pennatas. See note on
Ravensworth.

In the 43d year of Edward III. Margaret D'Aumarle (or Albe-
marle), one of the sisters and heirs of William, son of Sir William
D^Aumarle, knight, and Elizabeth D^Aumarle, another sjster of the
said William, gave to the King seventy-five shillings and sixpence
farthing for their relief for three-parts of one knight's fee, for the
manor of W'odbury, and sixpence for the price of three barbed
arrows, and a farthing for the price of one loaf of oat bread, for the
manor of Leuneston^ held of ,the King; viz. for the ^aid manor of

* Badulphus le Fletcher tenet viij libr' dendo inde domino Regi quotiens fugauit in

terrae in Gradele, de domino diii Regis, per iiij Dertemore, unum panem avenum valoris

marcas per annum, et duas bovatas terra; pro dimid'. quadrantis, et tres sagittas barbatas,

XX fletchis per annum. HarLMS. Brit. Mas. pennis pavonum pennat. et super praed'. panem

No. 3875, p. 196. positas. Inquis. post mortem Galf. de Alha-

t Galfridus die Albamartia, tenet hamlett' de marJia, anno 14 Edw. II. Ibid. No. 6126,

Leunestpn, de domino Rege in capite, red- Inq. 33.

Leuneston,

174

Leuneston, which is held of the King in capite, by the serjeanty of
giving to our lord the King, when he should come to hunt in the
Forest of Dartmore, three barbed arrows, fixed in a loaf of oat
bread, when eight loaves were worth one penny ; but it is not said
how the manor of Wodbury is held *.

LAKESTOKE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

William Randolf held, the day he died, in his demesne, as of
fee, one messuage, and one fidling mill, with fifty acres of land,
three acres of meadow, and twelve acres of pasture, with the ap-
purtenances, in Lakestoke, of the King in capite, paying therefore
yearly to our lord the King six barbed arrows, at the Feast of the
Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, to be received by the hands of
the Keeper of the Forest of Charidonf .

CIIERBURGH, COUNTY OF DORSET.

In the 7th of Henry V. John Morville died seised of this manor.
John, his brother and heir, held it, according to Mr. Coker, by the

* Margareta de Albemarla, una sororum manerium de Wodbury tenet. DeterminoTiin.

et heredu Willielmi filij Willielmi de Alba- a°. 43 Edw. III. Rot. 2°. Harl. MS. Brit,

marlia, cli'r. et Elizabetli de Albamailia, soror'. Mus. No. 34, pp. i249, 230.
et heres dicli Willielmi, dant Regl lxxvs. f Willielmus Randolf tenuit die quo obijt,

vjd. q°. pro relevio suo, pro tribus partibus in dnico suo, ut de feodo, unum messuagium,

unius feodi mil. in Wodbury; et vjd. de unum molendinum fuUonicum, cum L acr'

precio triura sagittarum barbill'. et q'. de pre- terrae, iij acr'. prati, et xij acr'. pasturae, cum

cio unius pauis aven. pro manerio de Leu- pertinen'. in Lakestoke, de Rege in capite,

neston, ten't de Rege, viz. dictum manerium de per parvam seriantiam, redd', inde annuatim

Leuneston, de Rege in capite, per serjantiam Regi sex sagittas barbatas, ad f«stum Na-

dandi domino Regi, cum vencrit ad chaceand'. tivitatis Sci. Johannis Baptistse, •percipiend.

in I'oresta de Dertraore, tres sagittas barbell'. per nianus custod. Forestae<ie Charidon. Esc.

fixas in uno pane de aven. unde octo panes, 35 Edw. IIL Ibid. No. 2087, p. 138.
valent 1 d. ; uon dicit ib'm. qucmodo dciiin

service

175

service of one horse comb, price four pence, to be paid yearly by
the hands of the sheriff at the Feast of Saint Michael *.

PERTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

In or about the 5th year of King Edward III. John de Perton
held the manor of Perton, in Staffordshire, of the King in capite,
by grand serjeanty, to wit, by the service of one man, armed with
an aketon:|:§:]:, an haubergeon^, a steel cap, and a lance, in the
King^s army, when he was engaged in a war with Wales -f*.

J^:[. Aketone. See note on Westcourte, p. 161.
^ Hambergellus. See note on Brokenerst, p. 127.

HECKINGTON, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Gilbert de Gaunt holds three carucates of land in Heckington, of
our lord the King in capite, and he was to defend his whole barony
by the service of fifty knights ]:.

FAINTRO, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Peter le Chamberleyn, who married Isabella, the only daughter
and heir of Ade de Faintro, came to the exchequer, and made for

* Per servitium unius pectinis equi, pretium capello ferr. et lancea, cum duobus equis

3y d. per manus vice cotnitis annuatim ad discoopertis, per qiiadraginta dies in exer-

festum Sancti Michaelis solyend. Hutchins's citu dicti Regis, Walliae, Sec. Staff. Originale,

Hist. Dorset, ypl. ii. p. 184. 5 Edw. III. rot. 15. Madox's Baronia, p.

+ Et memorandum quod compertum est 243.

per inqaisitionem, quod prsedictus Johannes ;}; Gilbertus de Gaunt, tenet tres carucat'.

tenuit in dominico suo, ut de feodo, die quo terre de domino Rege in capite, et defendit

obijt, maiierium de Perton, cum pertinentiis tot. baron', per servicium l militum. Inquis.

in comitatu Staff, de R«ge in capite;, per fca. Wapintag. de Aswardburg. Harl. MS.

magnam serjantiam, viz. per Servicium unius Brit. Mus. No. 3875, p. 112.
hominis armati, cum aketon. hauberou.

hjs

176

his relief for half a mark, for land held of the King tn capite in
Faintre, as of the inheritance of the aforesaid Ade, by the serjeanty
of being hostler ^ in the King's army *.

% Hostiarius, an hostler. Cole's Latin Diet.

SYTHYNGE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

John, son and heir of William de Calthorp, holds of the King in
capite, one messuage and fifty acres of land in Sythynge, by the
service of one barbed arrow, of the price of a penny, to be paid to
the King yearly by the hands of the sheriff -j^.

BARNEBY, COUNTY OF YORK.

Dionysia, daughter and heir of Robert de Crepping, holds one
toft, and four oxgangs of land, with the appurtenances, in Barneby,
near Pucklington, in the county of York, by the service of finding
part of one archer within the King's Castle of York, for forty days,
in the time of war X'

HYWISIIE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

John, son and heir of Nicholas de Cotteley, holds the manor of

* Petrus le Chamberleyn, qui liabet in redd. Regi annuatim per manus vie'. De

ux. Isabel)', iinica fil''. et heredem Ade de termino Trin. anno 39 Edw. IH. Rot. 1°.

Faintro, ven'. ad Scace. et finem fecit pro Ibid. p. 2S5.

relevio per dimid'. marcam, pro terr'. de Rege ;j: Dionisia, fitia et heres Koberti de Crep-

ten't in capite, in Faintre, de her', predlctae ping, tenet unum toftnm, et iv bovat. terrje,

i\de, per seriantiam hostiario Regis in exercitu cum pertinentijs, in Barneby juxta Puckling-

SLio. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 4. ton,, in com. Ebor, per servitiiun inveniendi

f Johannes, filius et heres Wiliielmi de partem uniu.s sagitt'. infra eastrum Rewis

Calthorp, tenet de Rege, in capite, unum Ebor. per 40 dies, tempore guerre. De

niessuagium et 50 acr' terrae in Sytbjuge, termino Hillarij, anno ] 1 Ric. II. Rot. V.

per servitium uniiis sagitte barbate, precij i d. Ibid. p. 300.

Hywishe

171

Hywishe of the K.ing in capite, by grand serjeanty, (to wit) by
finding for our lord the King one armed horseman, or esquire, in
the King's army in England, at his proper costs, for forty days ■

BLANFORD BRYAN, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Eve, daughter and heiress of Ralph de Stopham, acknowledged
to hold as of the inheritance of the said Eve, a certain tenement in
Blanford Brj an, of the King in capite, by the service of finding
for our lord the King, in his army in Wales, one footman, with a
bow without a string, and an arrow ^ without feathers f-.

^ Buzone. Vide Buzonem, note on Bryanston, p. 126.

WAUSSINGEL, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Robert Malenteys holds a certain serjeanty in Waussingel, for
which he was to find two footmen, for forty days, in the army of
our lord the King in Wales, as keepers of his small pavilion, with
bows and arrows, and each of them was to have from our lord the
King four-pence daily for keeping the same J. ^^

* Joharmes, fJIius €t heres Nicholai de . peditem cum arcu, sine chorda, et buzone

Cotteky, tenet manerium de Hywishe, de sine pennis. De , termino Mich'is. a" 30

Rege in capite, per magnam serjantiam, scilicet Edw. I. Ibid. p. 23.

inveiiiendi Regi unum servientetn eqUitem et "^ Serjantia Eoberti Malenteys, in Waus-

arinatum in exercitu suo in Anglia ad custps ,singel, per qua debuit invenire duos homines

suos proprios, per xl dies. De termino pedites, per xl dies, in exercitu diii Reg'.

Pasche, a" 38 Edw. III. Rot. ij°. Harl. MS. in Wallia, custodientes parvum papilonem

Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 229- cum arcubus et sagittis et quilibet eorum

•f Eva, filia et heres Radulphi de Stopham, debuit habere de diio Rege iiij d. per diem pro

cognovit tenere de hered'. predicte Eve custodia. De seijantijs arentatis per Rob'm,

quffidam ten. in Blanford Bryan, de Rege Passelewe, Testa de Nevill. Ibid. p.

in capite, per servicium inveniendi domino 357.
Regi iu exercitu, suo Wallie unum servientem

A A HUN-

178

IIUNGERFORD, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Simon Puncliard holds two yard-lands in Hungerford, by the
serjeanty of being the King's spearman, and they were worth ten
shillings *.

BRUNESLEG and BROCOLMSTOW, COUNTY OF

NOTTINGHAM.

Gilbert de Brunsleg holds half a carucate of land in Brunesleg^
and half a carucate of land in Broeolmstow, by the service of find-
ing one bullock or plough horse ^, and one sack in the King's army
in Wales, by serjeanty -f-.

% Affri vel Affra. Bullocks or plough horses. And in Northum-
berland to this day they call a dull or slow horse a false Aver or
Afer. Spelm. Blount's Law Diet. sub. voce Affrus Affra, a
bullock or heifer. Law Fr. and Lat. Diet, by F. O. edit. 170L

BARNESTAPLE, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Geoffry de Canvill holds a part of the borough,, with the Castle
of Barnes<apl€, of eur lord the King in eapit«, by th« death of
Matilda, wife of the said Geoffry, who was heir of Henry de Tracy j^
by the service of two knights or four esquires, with coats of mail,
iron helmets, and lances, when our lord the King should march
with an army, for forty days, at the cost of the aforesaid Geoffry:^.

NETHER-

* Simon Punchard tenet daas virg' terre in caruc' terre in Briinesleg, et dimid' caruc' terise
Hungerford, per serjantiam hastillar' et val. in Broeolmstow, per servic' inveniendi unum
X sol. Esc. in com. Berks. Testa de Nevill. affrum et unum saccum in exercitu Reg'»
p. 107. Wallie, per seriantiam. Testa de Nevill. p. 2.

+ Gilbertus de Brunsleg tenet ^midiaitt tGalfridusde Canvill tenet predictumburgum

179

NETHERCOT, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

William Buffin holds a fourth part of one knight's fee in Ne-
thercot, by serjeanty to be with aWambais ^, and an iron head-piece,
against the King'^s enemies, for forty days, at his proper costs *.

^ Perpjunctum. See note on the borough of Forchester.

HEMMINGEFORD, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The serjeSnty whicb was formerly William Russi's, in Hemmin-
geford, was field, for which he was to find for our lord the King
one spindle-full of yarn (or worsted), when the King should go into
Ireland, to repair the pavJUon of our lord the King -f-.

PUKERELESTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Lady Custance de Pukereleston holds Pukerele&ton by iiinding^
one man and a horse, with a sack and an ax j[or hatchet|, at the sum-
mons of our lord the King, in his army in Wales J.

de Baruestaple cum Castello de dno E.ege in prium. Tenentes per serjant' in com. Oxoti.

.capite, per decensum ' Matild'. ux. predioti Testa de Nevill. p. 108.

GslUti. que est heises Henr' de Tracy, per ser- f Serjantia que quonda fuit Willielmi

vic^. duoriim militu vel quaituor armigezar' cum Hussi, in Hemmingeford, per quam debuit

loric', capeir ferrei», >et Jancea quod dns Rex inveniire dno R. unam fussellata fill lanei

Tadit in exercitii, per KL dies, ad custum pre- quando Rex ierit in Hibn' ad reparand' pa-

•dicti Galfrj'. Iiiquis.Co.'JJevbn, a" 3° Bdw. I. j^ffljena dni Reg*. Ibid. p. 357-

Rot. Hmidr'. *vol. >i. p. 63. No. 3. $ Diia Custaacia de Pukereleston tenet

* Willielnius Buffin tenet qiiarta partem Pukereleston inveniendo ununi hominem et

feodi unius militis in Nethercot, per serjant' unum equum, et uuiun saccum et unara

liabend' perpunctum -et capellum ferreum in securim ad sunimoBitionem dHi Regis ad ex-

iiost' R. per xx dies, ad custiim suum pro- ercitum suum in Wallia. Ibid. p. l62.

A A 2 SECT.

180

SECT. VI.

Of Petit Setjeanties, performed in the Kings Household,
and by finding him with Clothes and Provisions, S^c.

BROKENERST, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Peter Spileman paid a fine to the King for the lands which the
said Peter held by the serjeanty of finding an esquire (servientem)
with a Hambergell ^, or coat of mail, for forty days, in England,
and of finding litter for the King's bed ^, and hay for the King's
palfrey^, when the King should lie at Brokenerst, in. the county of
Southampton *.

% A shirt or coat of mail, straw for the King's bed, and hay for
- his horse. Blount. It is evident that straw was used in the
King's bed, so late as the time of King Henry VIH. See Ar-
chseologia, vol. iv. p. 312. See also under Brokenerst, p. 127.

AYLESBURY, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

William, son of William de Alesbury, holds three yard-lands of
our lord the King, in Alesbury, in the county of Bucks, by the
serjeanty of finding straw for the bed of our lord the King, and to
straw his chamber, and by paying three eels to our lord the King,

* Petrus Spileman finem fecit cum Rage niendi litteriam ad lectum Regis, foenum, ad

pro terris quas dictus Petrus tenuit, per ser- palefridum Regis, quando Rex jacuerit apud

jantiam inveniendi unum servientem, cum Brokenerst, in com. Southampton. Fines,

Hambergello, per XL dies in Anglia, et inve- Hil. 1 £dw. II. Wilts. Blount, 18.

when

181

when he should come to Alesbury in winter [*]. And also finding
for the King,, when he should come to Alesbury in summer, straw
for his bed, and moreover grass or rushes to strew his chamber ^,
and also paying two green geese :|§.j: ; and these services aforesaid,
he was to perform thrice a year, if the King should happen to come
three times to Alesbury, and not oftener *.

[*] Yeme. Winter.

Shakspeare frequently mentions this custom ; so in Cymbeline,
Jachimo, speaking of Imogen, (act ii. sc. 2.) has

— — — " Our Tarquin thus

" Did softly press the rushes, ere he wakened
" The chastity he wounded."

It was the custom in the time of our author to strew chambers with
rushes, as we now cover them with carpets.

And, in the second part of King Henry IV. act v. sc. 5. when
King Henry V. is proceeding to his Coronation, two grooms
enter strewing rushes.

The first groom calls for " More rushes, more rushes."

* Willielmus filius Willielmi de Alesbury, estate stramen ad lectutn suum, et praeter hoc

tenet tres virgatas terrae de domino Kege in herbam ad juncandam cameram suam, et

Alesbury, in com. Buck, per serjantiam inve- etiam reddet duas gantas, et hsec servitia prse-

niendi stramen ad lectum domini Regis, et ad dicta faciet ter in auno, si coutigerit ipsum

straminandam cameram suam, et reddendi tres Regem ter venire apud Alesbury, et non plu-

angiullas domino Regi, cum venerit apud ries. Plac. Coron. de 14 Edw. I. Bucks.

Alesbury in Yeme, et etiam inveniendi dp- Blount, 28.
mino Regi, cum venerit apud Alesbury, in

182

It has been already observed, that, at ceremonial entertainments,
it was the custom to strew the floor with rushes. Chambers,
and indeed all apartments usually inhabited, were formerly
strewed in this manner. As our ancestors rarely washed theii*
floors, disguises of uncleanliness became necessary things.
Note in Chalmer s edit, of Shakspeare.

^ Herbam ad juncandam cameram suam- Grass or rushes to
strew the King's chamber-

X^t Duas Gantas. Two green geese. Blount. From Ganza, or
Ganta, a goose, or perhaps more properly a gander. E. See
Ainsworth's Diet

May not this mean Gannets, or Solan geese, as they are now called?
Or is it the Crested Diver (Podiceps Cristatus) which has
the pravincial name of Gaunt at this day? Its skin is soft
and satin-like, and much used for tippets and other ornaments
ibr ladies. W.

HAVERING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

The King granted to Richard, son of William de Havering, for
his homage and service, six score acres of land in Havering, by.
the service of finding litter in the chamber of Havering, on every
coming of the King there *.

* Rex concessit Ricardo, filio WiJlielmi vering in quolibet adventu Regis, &c. Claus.

de Havering, pro homagio et servicio suo 19 Hen. IH. M. 5. Comnuuticated by

sexies vigijiti acras terra in Havering, per ser- Thomas Astle, Esq.
viciHin inveniendi litteriam in camera de Ha-

STOW,

183

STOW, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

John de Curtese held thirty acres of land in Stow, in the county
of Cambridge, fey th« serjeanty of carrying a truss of hay ^ to the
necessary-house of our lord the King^ when the King passed
through those parts, and it is rated at the exchequer at ten shillings,
a year *.

% Trusula, diminutive of trussa, a truss or bundle. See Ains-
worth^s Diet, of Law Lat. E.

BURES, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William de Bigod holds, with his wife, the town of Bures and
the hundred, of our lord the King in capite, to wit, the town of
Bures, by the serjeanty of the chandelry |||f|, and the town was
worth a hundred shillings, and for the hundred he paid at the
exchequer eighteen pounds -j:

jillf Eschauderia. The chandry, where the candles were kept*
Blount.

LINDESHULL, COUNTY OP HANTS.

William le Moynfe (or the Monk) holds two hides of land in
Lindeshull, in the county of Southampton, of our lord the King

* Johannes de Curtese tenuit xxx acras f Willielmus de Bigod tenet, cum uxore

terrse in Stow, in com. Cantabr. per segan- sua, villain de Bures, et hundredum, de do-

tiam adducendi unam trussulam foeni ad miuo Rege in capite; scil. villam de Bures

cloacham domini Regis, cum ipse Rex tran* per serjantiam eschanderise, et valet villa c sV

sierit per partes illas, et arrentatur ad Scacca- et de hundredo, reddit ad Scaccarium< x.viii I.

rium domini Regis ad x s. per ann. Placita Plac. Coron. 1 1 Hen. III. Rot 1. apud

Coronae apud Caatabrigiam, 21 Edw. I. Chelmsford^ Blount, 50^
Blou«t, 28.

184

in capite, by the serjeanty of keeping the door of, the King^s
larder *.

SCHIPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

William le Moyne holds the manor of Sehipton, in the county
of Gloucester, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping
the larder of the King -f-.

FROLLEBURY, COUNTY OF HANTS.

William de WintershuU holds the manor of Frollebury, in the
county of Southampton, in capite of our lord the King, by the
serjeanty of keeping the doors of the King's wardrobe X-

BENHAM, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William de Valence holds ten pounds a year of land in that town,
which had escheated to our lord the King by (the attainder of)
Hugh Wake, by the serjeanty of keeping the door of the King's
chamber |.

* Willielmus le Moyne tenet duas hidas de Frollebury, in com. Southampton, in ca

tetTX in LyndeshuU, in eom. Southampton, de pile de domino Rege, per serjantiam custo-

domino Rege in capite, per serjantian custo- diendi hostium garderobae domini Regis,

diendi hostium lardarii domini Regis. Plac. Plac. Cor, 8 Edw. I. Rot. 23. South. Blount,

Cor. 8 Edw. I. Rot. 23. South. Blount, 85. 85.

•f Willielmus le Moyne tenet manerium de § Willielmus de Valence tenet decern libratas

Schipton, in com. Glouc. de domino Rege, terrae de domino Rege in eadem villa, quae fuit

per serjantiam custodiendi lardarium domini escaeta domino Regi, per Hugonem Wake, per

Regis. Plac. Itin. de anno. 5 Hen. III. Glouc. serjantiam custodiendi hostium camerae domini

Blount, 56. Regis. Plac. Coron. apud Windesor, 12

J Willielmus de WintershuU tenet manerium Edw. I. Blount, 38.

CUMBERTON,

185

CUMBERTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Alexander Hered holds half a hide of land in Cumberton, in the
county of Cambridge, of Our lord the King, by the serjeanty of
being the King^s baker *.

ASHLEY, COUNTY OF .

John de Hastings holds the manor which is called the Uppe-hall,
in Ashele, in capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of being
pantler^ to him'|^

f Paunetarius. Pander. An officer who keeps the bread in a
King's or nobleman's house, from the French Panetier.

PUSHILL, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Pushill, ip the chiltern parts of Oxfordshire, was held by the
family of D'Oyly, by paying yearly to the King a table-cloth of
three shillings price, or three shillings for ^11 service J.

KINGSTON-RUSSEL, COUNTY OF DORSET.

William Russel holds Kingston, in the county of Dorset, in
capite of our lord the King, by serjeanty of being keeper of the
door of his butlery ^, at the four principal feasts yearly §.

f Boti-

* Alexander Hercd tenet dimidiani faidam de domino Rege, per serjantian essendi panne-

terrae in Cumberton, com. Cantabr. de do- tarius domini Regis. Rot. fin. 6. Joh. m. 28.

niino Rege, per serjantiam efsendi pistor do- in dors. Blount, 68.

?nini Regis. Plac. Coron. 1 4 Edw. I. Cant. J Holland's Addit. to Camden's Brit. tit.

Blount, 42. Oxfordshire.

•}• Johannes de Hastings tenet manerium § Willielmus Russel tenet Kingeston, in

quod vocatur le Uppe-hall in Ashelt, in capite com. Dorset, in capite de domino Rege, per

B B serjantiam

18G

f Botilarium, tlie same as Botelaria. A buttery or cellar. Ains-
wortli's Diet. Law Lat.

HO, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Jeremy del Ho and Ralph de Coggeshale hold the fee of Ho, in
Rivahale, which is of the Honor of Bologne, and worth forty shil-
lings (yearly) and they ought to hold it by the service of the
chamberlainship j*.|. in the county of Devon, and now they do no
service for it except payment of two wart-penys ||§|[ a year, to the
hundred of Witham *.

J*J Chamberlangeria. Chamberlainship. Blount.

||§|1 Wart-penys. Ward-pennies, or money paid to the sheriff or
castellain, towards the guard or defence of a castle. Blount.

UPTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER

William de Kingsham holds two acres of land there, by the ser-
jeanty of keeping the door of the King^s dispensary [§] -f,

[§] Dispensorium. A buttery, from the French defense, aljuttery
or pantry.

LILLESTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

In the 22d year of King Edward I., Otho Fitz William held the

serjantiam essendi custos ostii botilarii domini com. Devon, et modo nullum servitium fa-
Regis, per quatuor principalia festa per annum, ciunt, nisi duos wart-penys per ann. ad huu-
Plac. Coron, apud Schyreburne, 8 Edw. I Rot. dredum de Wyham. Plac. Coron. 11 Hen.
14. Blount, 47. III. Rot. 1. apud Chelmsford. Blount, 49.

* Jereaiy del Ho, et Radulfus de Cogges- "t" Willielmus de Kingsham tenet duas acras

bale tenent feodum del Ho in Rivahale quod terrae per serjantiam custodiendi bostium Dis-

est de Honore Bononiae, et valet xls. et de- pensorii domini Regis. Plac. Itin. de anno

bent tenere per servitium Chamberlangeriae, ia 5 Hen. III. Glouc. Blount, 56.

manor

187

manor of Lilleston, in the county of Middlesex, of King Henrv,
father of the present King, in capite, by the serjeanty of keeping
the King's money stamp f . But the master of the knight's templers
now hold it, &c *.

f Cuneum Monetae. Is expounded by the learned Spelman, sigil-
lum ferreum quo nummus cuditur, (an iron stamp with which
money is coined,) the King's stamp for coinage : and from this
cuneum, comes our word coin, quasi cune. Blount.

LITTLE HOLLAND, COUNTF OF ESSEX.

William Drury, who died Tth May, 31 Eliz. 1589, held the manor
t)f Little Holland, in the county of Essex, of the queen, as of her
manor of Wickes, aUas Parke-hall, late parcel of the Duchy of
Lancaster, by the service of one knighf s fee, and the rent of one
pair of gloves turned up with hare's skin -j-.

HENLEY^ COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Lands m Henley, in the county of Warwick, were held by Ed-
mund Lord Stafford, by the service of three shillings, or a pair of
scarlet hose %.

COTTINGTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Walter de Marisco (or de Marsh) held the manor of Cottinton,
in the county of Nottingham, by the service of presenting the King
yearly with a pair of scarlet hose §.

*GtoFiIius Willielmi tenuit manerium de f Per^ervic. 1. feodi mil. et reddit. unius

Lilleston in com. Middlesex, de domino Reg« paris chirothecarum de pelle leporina duplicat.

Hentico, patre domini Regis nunc, in capite, Inquis. 27 Apr. 32 Eliz. No. 210. Commu-

iper serjantiam custodiendi cuneum monetae nicated by Thomas Astle, Esq.

domini Regis. Sed magister Militiae Templi % Escaet. 24 Edw. 1. n. 59- Blount, 2.

modo tenet, &c. Plac. Coron. 22 Edw, I. § Testa de Nevill. Blount, 87.
Blount, 65.

bb2 LYNDEBY,

188

LYNDEBY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

John de Metham, and Sybilla his wife, held of the King incapite,
the moiety of the town of Lyndeby, by the service of paying only a
coat or cloak of grey furred skins f , at the Exchequer of our lord
the King*.

The town of Lindeby, in the county of Nottingham, was an escheat
of the Kino-'s of the honor of Peverell, and AViUiam de St. Michael
had one moiety of it, by the gift of King John, paying yearly in the
King's chamber a fur of grise \\%\\f'

f PeUcium de Griseo. A grey furred coat or pilch. Blount.
In Romeo and Juhet, actiii. sc. 1. Mercutio says to Tybalt :

" Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the et^rs V

We should read pilche, Avhich signifies a cloak or coat, or skins^
meaning the scabbard. Note. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

This word occurs in the old ballad of the Turnament of Tottenham,
where one of the combatants exclaims :

" I make a vowe, quoth Tirry, and sweare by my crede,
" Saw thou never young boy forther his body bede ;
" For when they fight fastest, and most are in drede,
" I shall take Tib by the hand, and away her lede :

" Then bin mine amies best ;

" I beare a pilch of ermin,

" Fowder'd with a cat's skinne,
" The cheefe is of perchmine, that stond'th on the crest."

* Johannes de Metham et Sibilla uxor licium de griseo, ad Scaccarium domini Regis
ejus tenuerunt de Rege in capite medietatem tantum. Escaet. 5 Edw. II. Blount, 38.
villse de Lyndeby, f er serviliiim reddendi pel- f Testa Nevilli. Blount, 93.

Pilch,

189

Pilch, a vestment made of skins. Gloss, to Percy's Relics of ancient
Poetry, vol. ii. p. 20.

||§|| Grey Fur. Blount. Gris was an animal, but not known as I
take it in England. The fur, however, was in esteem here. Vide
Cotgrave. Du Fresne, v, Griseum. P.

WEST HAURED, COUNTY OF BERKS.

One William de Insula (de ITsle) held one carucate of land,
with the appurtenances in West Haured, by the serjeanty of buying
ale for the use of our lord the King, and it is worth by the year
one hundred shillinsfs *.

»"

RAKEY, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Walter de Burgh and his partners, hold sixteen pound f lands
in Rakey, in the county of Norfolk, by the serjeanty of paying two
mues|l^|| (or muids) of red wine, and two hundred of pears called
permeines, to be paid at the feast of St. Michael yearly^at the King's
Exchequer -f.

^ Librata Terrse. Is a pound land or so much as is yearly worth
XX s. Blount. See p. 81.

jj§|l Mues Vini. Mue, muid, Fr. ; muta, Lat. ; a hogshead. A. See
3Iuid de Vin. Boyer's Fr. Diet. E.

* Quidam Willielmus de Insula tenuit unam -j- Walteius de Burgh et partieipes sui, te-

carucatatn terrae, cum pertin. in West Haured, nent xvi libratas terras in Rakey, in com. Norf.

per serjantiam emendi cervisiam ad opus do- per serjantiam duorum mues vini nibei et du-

mini Regis; et valet per ann. cs. Plac.Coron. centorum pirorum de permeines, soivendorum

apud Windesor, 12Edw. I. Rot, 29j in dorso. ad festum Sancti Michaelis quolibet anno ad

Blount, 39. Scaccarium domini Regis. Rot. Fin. 6 Job.

m. 39. Blount, 69.

RUNHAM,

190

RUNHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Walter de Hevene held the manor of Runham in the county of
Norfolk, in capite, of our lord the King, by the serjeaiity of two
mues of wine %*X made of permains, to be paid to the King at his
Exchequer, yearly, at the feast of St. Michael *.

X*X How much rauta vini, or a mue of wine was, I know not, but it
is worth the observing, that in King Edward the First's time,
permain-cyder was called wine. Blount. Muta vini, a hogs-
head, A. See the note above. E.

STONEY ASTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Bartholomew Peytevyn (Foictouvin) holds two carucates of land
in Stoney-Aston, in the county of Somerset, of our lord the King in
capite, by the service of one sextary^ of clove winej|§||, to be paid
to the King yearly, at Christmas. And the said land is worth ten
pounds a year -j^

^ A sextary of July-flower wine, and a sextary contained about a
pint and an half, sometimes more. Blount

[j§jj Sextarium Vini Gariophilati. Clove wine, of the nature of hip-
pocras, or spiced wine, A. See page 72, Winterslew.

* Walteius de Hevene tenuit maDerium .<le f Barlholotnaeus Peytevyn tenet duas cam-

Kunham, in com. Norf. in capite, de domino catas terra in Stoney-Aston, in com. Somerset,

Rege, per serjantiam duarum mutarum vini de domino Rege in capite, per servitium unius

facti de permains, solvend. domino Regi ad sextarii vini gariophilati, reddendo domino

Scaccarium per annum, ad festum Sancti Mi- Regi per annum, ad Natale Domini. Et valet

chaelis. Rot. fin, 6 Job. m. 48, in dorso. dicta terra per ann. x 1. Plac. Coron. de ann.

Blount, 69. 8 Edw. I. Somerset. Blount, 76.

STERT,

191

STERT, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Matthew de Chamfleur holds the manor of Sterte, in the county
of Somerset, in capite of om* lord the King, by the serjeanty of one
grune [*] of wine, to he paid yearly, at the King's Exchequer, at the
feast of St. Michael. It is rat^d at iii s. a year rent*

[*] What quantity this gruna vini was, I am to seek. Blount.

N. B. Blount's scribe, I suspected at first, misread gruna for gauna,
a gallon ; but as 3 s. seems to be too much for a gallon of wine,
I now think the word was not gauna, but cuna, or cuva. P.

BISCOPESTRE, COUNTY OF

King Griffin (Griffith ap Llewelyn ap Sitsyllt, or Griffith ap
Conan) had a manor at Biscopestreu ; and he had one carucate of
land in demesne, and his men six carucates. When the King him-
self came thither every carucate paid to him two hundred fowls ^,
one cask %%% full of ale, and one rushin [$]' of butter -f .

^ Hesthas. Hestha may be a corruption of the Latin hecta, a
little loaf of bread.. Sir H. Spelman interprets these hestha's,
capons, from the Fr. hestaud and hestaudeau; but it seems
more probable that every plowland should pay two hundred
loaves, rather than so many capons. Blount. Estaudeaux,^ barn-

* Mattheus de Chamfleur tenet manerium. f Habuit Rex Griffin unum manerium BIs-

de Sterte, in com. Somerset, in capite de do- copestneu, et in domino unam carucatam ha-

mino Rege, per serjantiam unius grunse vini>^ feebat, et homines ejus sex carucas. Quando

solvend. per annum ad Scaccarium domini ipse Rex ibi veniebat, reddebat ei unaquaeque

Regis, ad festum Sancti Michaelis. Arrentata caruca cc hesthas, unam cunam (cuvam)

est ad Ills, per annum. Plac. Cor. de ann. plenam cervisia, et unam butyri ruscam.

8 Edw. I. Somerset. Blount, 7&. Domesday, tit. Cestre. Blount, 80.

door

192

door fowls, vulgarly so called. Heslaudeau is a young hen,
(pullet) pronounced corruptedly in the Scottish language at this
day howtoudys. A.

X^t Cuna. Cuva, a jug or cask. A. A tub or cup full of ale.
Blount.

[:]:] Rusca Butyri. A tub of butter : in Ireland still called a rushin
of butter. Blount, Rusca, Lat. ; Ruche, Fr. a hive. A. Rusca,
a tub or barrel ; rusca butyri, a firkin of butter. Ainsworth's
Law Lat Diet. E.

YARMOUTH, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

This town, by charter, is bound to send to the sheriffs of Nor-
wich a hundred herrings, which are to be baked in twenty-four
pies or pasties, and thence delivered to the lord of the manor of
East Carlton, who is to convey them to the King*.

CARLTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Eustace de Corson, Thomas de Berkedich, and Robert de
Wethen, hold thirty acres of land in the town of Carlton in the
county of Norfolk, by the serjeanty of can-ying to our lord the King,
wheresoever he should be in England, twenty-four pasties of fresh
herrings at their first coming in -f-. *

WINGFIELD, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Geoffrey Frumband held sixty acres of land in Wingfeud in

* Camd. Brit. tit. Norfolk. ubicunque fuerit in Anglia, viginti et quatuor

+ Eiistachius de Corson, Thomas de Ber- pastillos de fresh alec, in primo adventu. Pla,

kedich, et RoUertits de Wethen, tenant tri- Coron. de ann. 14Edw. I. Rot. 3. Norf.

ginta acras terrffi in villa de Carlton in com, Blount, 67.

Morfolk, per serjantiam ducendi domino Regi,

the

193

the county of Suffolk, by the service of paying to our lord the King
two white doves yearly *.

MIDLOVENT, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

William de Thadeham holds two hides of land at Midlovent in
the county of Sussex, of our lord the King in capite, and he used to
pay for the same unto him yearly, two white capons f ; and now
he pays a mark -j-.

% Duos Chapones albos. Two white capons.

BOSEHAM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

William Papylon holds land in Bosieham by the same service J.

Roger Papilon holds one messuage, one mill, and three yard
lands in Boseham in the county of Sussex, by the service of carry-
ing two white capons to our lord the King, as often as he should
pass by the gate of the said Roger |.

ELSTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Thomas Rooper and William Wright claimed against Francis
Leek, Esq. the manor of Elston in the county of Nottingham, with

* GalfridusFrumband tenuit sexagintaacras :{: Et Willielmus Papylon tenet terrain in

terrae in Wingfeud in com. Suffolk, per ser- Boseham per idem servitium. Plac. Coron.

vitium reddendi domino Regi duas albas co- de ann. 7 Edw. I. Rot. 93- Sussex. Blount,

lumbas per annum. Plac. Coron. 4 Edw. I. 82.

Rot. 6. dorso. Blount, 77. ^ Rogerus Papilon tenet unum messuagium,

*f- Willielmus de Thadeham tenet duas hidas unum molendinum, et tres virgatas terrse in

terrae apud Midlovent in com. Sussex, de do- Boseham in com. Sussex, per servitium por-

mino Rege in capite, et solebat reddere pro tandi domino Regi duos albos capones, quo-

eadem terra domino Regi per annum duos tiens transierit per portam ipsius Rogeri. Plac.

chapones albos, et modo reddit unam marcam. Cor. 16 Edw. I. Rot. 67. dorso. Sussex.

Plac. Coron. de ann. 7 Edw. I. Rot. 93. Blount, 83.
Sussex. Blount, 82.

c c the

104

the appurtenances, and the rent of one pound of cummin seed, two
pairs of gloves, and a steel needle, in El&ton, Thorpe, and Stoke
by Newark *.

FINCHINGFIELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

John Corapes held this manor of King Edward III. by the ser-
vice of turning the spit at his Coronation f.

EDBURTON, COUNTY OF BUCKS,

In William the First's time was a royal manor, and some virgates
of land here were given by the King, that the owner should find
litter ^, or straw, for the King*s bed, when he came there %.

^ Literitium. This word, not noticed by our Glos^saries, is derived
from the Fr. lit, and signifies bedding, though now applied only
to animals, and frequently to dirt and disorder. Gough. See
also note under Brokenerst, p. 180.

WRITTEL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Gilbert de Mapertshale holds two hides of land there by serjeanty
of being lardiner 1[*1| §.

11*11 The officer in the King^s household who presided over the larder.
Kelham's Diet, of Norm. French.

* Mich. 32 Hen. VIII. Rot. 122. Nottingh, § Gilbertus de Mepertshale, tenet daas hidas,

Blount, 87. per serjantiam lardiriariae. Ex. Lib. Rnb.

t Carnd. Brit. tit. Essex. Scacc. Appendix to Brady's Introduct. p. 23.
X Gough's Camd. edit. 1789, vol. i. p. 314.

OGRES,

195

OGRES, OR OWRES, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Wniiam le Moynne held the manor of Ogres, of our lord the King
in capite, by the service and serjeanty of being caterer (or pur-
Veyof) in the King's kitchen, and keeper of his larder *.

CUMBERTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The small manor of Heveds in this parish, belonged, when the
survey of Domesday was taken, to Erchanger the Baker: it ap-
pears, that, in the reign of Henry II T. it was the property of Robert
de Herdewyk, who held it by the serjeanty of providing a hot simnel
every day for the King's dinner, for which service he was allowed
a quarter of wheat every week, and all the bran of the bread made
from the King's demesne -f. This estate being then in the family
of Heved, is described in a record of the ensuing reign, as held by
the service of being the King's baker]:.

WELLS, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Richard de Wells held this manor ever since the Conquest by
the service of being baker to our lord the King §.

* WillidmusleMoyniictenuit m. de Ogres, beret idem Robertas habere qualibet septi-

tie R. in capite, per ser. serjantiae quod esset mana unum quarteriutn frum'ti et totum furfur

emptor coqitiiiaB, et custos iardenarij R«gis. de paned'nico R«g'. Testa de Nevil, p. 357>

Esq. anno 23 Edvy. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 605.
No. 2087, p. 38, and Cajnd. Brit. Dorset. J Lysons's Magna Brit. vol. ii. pp. 168, 169,

+ Camb. SeijanUai Roberti de Herdewyk cites,Blount's Tenures. '

in Cumberton, per <cnjam debuit fe^rrg domino | R. de Welles, t. raanerium de Welles, a

Hegi unum siminellum calidurp siilgulis diebus Conquestu Anglise per servitium pistoris^

ad prandium suum, et pro hoc servicio de- Camd. Brit. Dorset.

cc2 WILMINGTON,

196

AVILMINGTON, COUNTY OF KENT

The manor of Wilmington, in Boughton Aluph parish, was
anciently held by a family of the same name, by the service of
finding for the King one " pot-hook for his meat" whenever he
should come within the manor of Boughton Aluph *.

NEWINGTON BUTTS, COUNTY OF SURREY.

In the reign of Henry III. the Queen's goldsmith held an acre of
land in Newington, by the service of rendering a gallon of honey
to the King j-.

EYSTAN, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Ralph the Monk (le Moigne) held Eystan by serjeanty of the
lardinary ^ %,

\ See note on Writtel.

CHILTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In the time of Edward III. the manor of Chilton was the property
of the family of de Wigbere, or Wigborough, so denominated from
their manor of Wiffborouorh, near South Petherton. In the first
year of that reign Richard de Wigbere held the manors of Chilton,
Hunstile, and Wigbere of the King in chief, by the service of being

, * Beauties of England and \\ ales, vol. viii. mino Regi. Inquis. Co. Surrey temp. Regis

p. 1178. Johannis. Harl. MS. Brit. JSlus. No. 313,

•f-Lysons's Environs, vol. i. p. 391. Niwe- fol. 21. -

ton. Regina; Aurifaber tenet unam acram in % R^dulphus Monachus, ten! Eystane, per

'Niweton de domino Rege in capite, per ser- serjantiam lardinarise. Ex. Lib. Rub. Scacc.

vitium uniiis galonis de melle reddendo do- Append, to Brady's*Introduct. p. 23.

■ ^ door-

19T

door-keeper to the King's chamber, and by the rent of forty shil-
lings per annum *.

BRILL, COUNTY OF BUCKS,

In the time of King Edward the Confessor was the King's de-
mesne, and was let out in socage for the reserved rent of one hun-
dred capons yearly for the King's table ^ -f.

% In the simplicity of older times, when gold and silver were
scarce, the household of the King was supported by provisions
furnished from his demesnes. By degrees the servants here
employed obtained a fixed tenure of the estates, rendering
certain services, and supplying certain provisions :|:. Many
lands were from time to time granted on condition of yielding
such supplies, but these reservations were small, and many of
them only to be rendered when the King travelled into the
country where the lands lay. In some, special care was taken
that he should not make this service burthensome by coming
too often ; as in the case of William, son of William Alesbury,
who held lands in Alesbury, by finding (amongst other things)
three eels for the King when he should come to Alesbury in
the winter, and two green geese in the summer; but this was
not to exceed three times in the year§. The town of Yar-
mouth in Norfolk i^ bound to send to the sherifi's of Nor-
wich a hundred herrings, which are to be baked in twenty-
four pies or pasties, and thence delivered to the lord of the
manor of East Carlton, who is to convey them to the King.

* Collinson's Hist, of Somerset, vol. iii. + Blackstone's Com. lib. ii. cap. vi. p. QQ.

p. 89, • I Blount's Tenures, p. 123.

"f Kefanet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 52. .

^ They

198

They are still sent to tbe clerk of the kitchen's office at Saint
James's; but the pies could never have been of much ser-
vice as provisions, unless they were made differently from
what they now are, as our ancestors had stronger teeth and
stomachs than we have*. In 1778 the sheriffs of Norwich at-
tended with them in person, and claimed the following allow-
ance in return, viz. ,.

6 White loaves l « , t-. , , • i

S-outof the Ivmgs kitchen.
6 Dishes of meat 3

1 Flaggon of wine.

I Flaggon of beer.

1 Truss of hay.

1 Bushel of oats.

1 Pricket of wax.

6 Tallow candles.

But no precedent appearing of these things having been delivered,
they were refused •j^

ASHWELL HALL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In the reign of King Henry II. the manor of Ashwell was pos-
sessed by a family surnamed from it de Ashwell, and afterwards
jointly by the families of Ashwell and Semenour, or SomneriJ:.
They held it in petit serjeanty, by the service of finding a broche,
or spit of maple, to roast tlue King's meat, on the day of his Coro-
nation <[[§^.

* Blount's Tenures, p. 135. qxas. et Fragm. Antiq. or Antient Tenures,

t Records of the Board of Greea Glotb. p. 52.
Archaeologia, vol. viii. pp. 330,^31. § Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. ii, p. 369,

J Liber ruber de serjeanc'. fol. 19; et In- and Note,

f The

199

^The serjeancy, at first, was of being hostilarius domini Regis. The
word hostilarius is derived from the French hostelier, entertainer
of guests or strangers ; and is used by Henry de Knyghton,
col. 2371. Query, whether it was not something like almoner?
In the Inquisition, 22 Edw. I. it is thus expressed; quod
quidenft servitium solebat fieri per serjantiam hostilarii. It was
converted into a yearly payment of 6s. 8d. into the King^s Ex-
chequer. Morant^

NEWTON SERMANVILE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET,

John Burnell, son and heir of Henry Burnell, Esq. holds three
messuages, eleven tofts, one pigeon-house, one garden, one caru-
eate, one hundred and sixty acres of land, &c. with the appur-
tenances, in Newton Sermanvile, in the county of Somerset, of our
lord the King, by the service and rent of one table cloth, and one
towel, of the price of twenty shillings yearly, at the feast of St.
Michael the Archangel, for all services *.

TORELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William Torell holds Little Torell by serjeanty of the Naperyf f.
f Napery. See Ashelee, p. 64..

WALTHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Mamgarus le Napper held land in Waithara by serjeanty of the
Napery J.

* Johannes Burnell, filius et heres Henrici Michi's f. anno % Henricj VII, Rotulo tertio;

Burnel, Ar'. tenet tria mess', xi toft, iinum Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 5174, p. 9.

columbar' unum gardiniim, unam carucatam, f Willielmus Torel tenet Paiva Toriel per

gIx ace', terx'. &C. cum pertin'. in Newton Ser- Serjantiam Napariae. Ex Lib. Rub. Scacc.

manvile, in com. predict', de diio Rege, per Append, to Brady's Introduct. p; £3.

servic'. et redd', vnius mappae, et vnius manu- % Mamgarus le Napper terram in Waltham-

tergij, precij xx s. annuatim, ad festum Sancti per serjantiam napariae. Ibid. 24.
Mkhaelis AKhangeli pro omnibus serviciis.

WIN-

200

WINCHESTER, COUNTY OF HANTS.

In the 12th year of King Edward II. Robert de Dunstaple paid
or rendered at the Exchequer, three pilches of grey ^, each having
seven fesses, viz. for the 8th, 9th, and 10th year of the present
King, due for a tenement in the city of VVinchesterj which he held
of the King in capite. And the said three pilches were delivered to
John de Stokesby, one of the Ushers of the Exchequer, to be
carried to Ralph de Stokes, clerk of th« Kind's great wardrobe *•

% Pellicia de Griseo. See Pelicium de Griseo, in the note on
Lyndeby, p. 188.

EL3IESALE, COUNTY OF YORK.

John Besett, (amongst other things) gave to the King eight-pence
for his relief for forty-eight acres of land in Elmesale, in the county
of York, which John his father held of the King, by the service of
paying at the Castle of Pontefract, one pair of gloves furred with
fox's skin, or eight-pence, yearly f.

* Suhamton Robertas de Dunstaple, te- clerico magnae garderobae Regis. Trin. Red-

nens teriarum qiiffi fuenint Willielrai le Tail- ditus, 12 Edw. II. Rot. 48, a. Madox's

lour, reddit ad Scaccarium xxviij die Julij, Hist, of the Exchequer, p. 612.
tria pellicia de griseo, quorum quodlibet est 'f- Johannes Besett, dat Regi 8 d. pro relevio

de vij fessis, pro tribiis annis, videlicet pro suo, pro 48 acr'- ter'. in Elmesale, in com.

ahnis octavo, nono, et decimo Regis nunc, pro Ebor'. quod Johannes pater tenuit de Rege

quodam tenemento quod de Rege tenet in ca- per servitium redd', ad Castrum de Pontefract

pite in civitate Wyntoniae. Et memorandum ununa par cirotecarum de pelle vulpino furrat',

quod predicta tria pellicia, liberantur Johanni vel 8d. per annum. De termino Mich, anno

de Stokesby, uni Hostiar. de Scaccario, eodem 2° Edw, III. Hari. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34,

die, ad defereadum Kadulpho jde Stokes, p. 96.

WOCKING,

:201

WOCKING, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Phillip Bassett held of the King in capite, the manor of Wo'cTc-
ing, in the cojunty of; Surrey, by the serrice of half a knight's fee ;
and by one pair of gloves furred with grise^, to be paid yearly at
the King's Exchequer ^^

% See note on Lyndeby, p. IdS.

THE CITY OF CHESTER,

Wheh'the King himself came in person to Chester, every caru-
cate' yielded him 200 fowls ^, and one tun of ale, and one rushin$||.^
of butter -f •,

% Hestas. See Hesthas.

XWX And rusca butyri. Note on Biscopestre, pp, 191, 192.

LOtJINTON, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

William de GundeVill holds a certain serjeanty in Louinton,
(to wit) one hide 6f; land, by rendering four white capons ^ when
our lord the .King shall com6 to the Rapte of Arundell; aiid the
land is worth yearly twenty shillings :|:,

% Quatuor albos capones. See note on Midlovenf, p. 193.

* Ph'us Bassett tenuit^ R. iw capite ma- % Will, de Gundevill tenet qUandam ser-

ner'. de Wotking,iA'coin.'^urr.'per servic'dim. jaatiam in Louinton, scil. unatn hydam terre,

feodi militiis, et pro uno pari'dfOthecaJum fur- per quatuor albos capoaes, redd, quando dns

rat'de grisio,reddend.annuatim ad ScaGcarium Rex venerit ad Rapum de Aruhdell ; et terra

Regis. Esc. teiiip. R^giisEdw.fil. R. Johannis. valet per ann. xx solid. Escaet. in com. Sus-

Harl.MS.Brit.Mus. No.708,p. 17. sex temp. Hen. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus.

t lib, Domesday, tit. Cestre. No. 3 13, p. 24.

» D LEYHAM,

202

LEYHAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

PbilippaRoos (Ladyle Roos), widow, onie of the' sisters and heirs
of John late Earl of Worcester, Joan IngoldesthorpG another sister
and heir, of the said late earl, and Edward Dudley, then Lord Dud-
ley, the next of kin and another heir of the- said late earl, acknow^
ledged that they held of the King, in capite, a third part of a capital
messuage in the manor of Leyhani, in the county of Suffolk, and one
hundred and eighty acres of land and a half, four acres of pasture,
&c. rendering one capon, and the third' part of one capon ,j:|t) and
the third part of one pound of pepper, and by the service of the for^-
tieth part of one knighf s fee *- ' ■ ' ; , 3

X^X Tertiam partem unlu« caponis. See note on Redworth,

SELNESTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.* h

Gcoffery de Brauntesdon, son and heir of John de Brauntcsdon,
made fine with our lord the Kino; for his relief for one messuao-e,
three cottages, and three yard lands, in Selneston, which the said
John held of the King, in capite, by the service of keeping the
King's wines, when they should happen to be in his cellar at
Selnestonf, .71 \

* Philippa Rooa, vidua, Dna le Roos, una 3 Jlfen. VII. Ro. 3. Harl. MS.' Brit, Mus.

sororum et 'beredum Johannis miper Comitis No. .5174, p. 5.

Wigorn. Johanna Ingoldesthorpe, altera so- f Galfridus de Brauntesdon, filius et heres

rorum et heredum ipsius nuper comitis, et Ed- .Johannis d,e: Brauntesdon, fecit finem cum

wardus Dudley, tunc Dns Dudley, consang'. .dno Rege, .prx) relevio s^O;, pro uno me^sju^-

et alter hered.lpijius nupex Comitis, .cogji'jie te- gio,,3 cotagiis,ettribiis virgat. terra; in Selnes-

iiere de R. in capite, -textiam p'tm. capitalis ton, quas dictus Johannes tenuit.de Rewe in

uiess.m. de Leyham, in coiju S.uff. 180 acr. capite, per servitium, custodiendi vina diiji.

terr. et dimid'. 4 acr, pastur'.. &.c. rsdd. yij' quando -sunt in celario apud .Selneston. De

caponis, et tertiam p'tem unius capoais, «t termino Trin. anuo ^o^ Edw. I. Ibjd.

tertiam p'tem unius libra piperis, de redd, per No. 34, p. 43.
servicium xl"° p'tis unius f. mil. Hill. fin. anno

BRAD-

20§

BRi^DBRUGGE, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

' Margaret, one of the sisters and heirs of Richard de Whelghton,
held a moiety of one toft, one pigeon-house,. fortj acres of land, and
half an acre of piasture,; with the appurtenances, at Bradbrugge, in
Boseham, in the county of Sussex, of our lord the King in socage,
by the service of two white capons to be paid to our said lord the
King, when the same lord the King^ should ride through the land
aforesaid,, for all services *.

RONNEHAM, COUIVTY OF jN[ORFOLK.

In the ninth year of King Edward II. Ranulph de Helebek ren-
dered at the Exchequer, two hundred pearmains, and two mo-
dia ^ o.f wine, for the manor of Ronnehani, which he held of
the King in capite, in the county of NorfoPc. The pearmains were
delivered to John de Eggemere, usher of the exchequer, to be sent
to the treasurer'^s wife,, and the wine was delivered to the same per-
son, to be kept by him till the treasurer came to the Exchequer -j-..

f^ Modius vini. A hogshead of wine. Blount-'

Margaretaj una filiarum et lieredum lebek reddit ad Scaccaiiuui ducenta pire-

Eic'i. de Whelghton, tenuit med. unius tofti, manna, et duo media vini, pro manerio de '

Miiiiis columbaris, xl. acr'. terr'. et dimid. aor'. Ronneh^m, quod de Rege tenet in capite, iin

pasture, cum pertinentiis, apud Bradebrugge, comitatu Norfolciae. Et> memorandum quod

in. Boseham, in com. Sussex, de dno Rege in piremanna predicta- liberantup Johanni de Eg-

socagio, per servitium' duoruf caponum albo- gemere hostiario ad mittendum consorti The-

jum, eidem dno Regi solvend. cum idem saurarij penpraeceptum J.de Foj^e,' et vinum

dSus Rex per terram predictam equitaverit pro prsedictum liberatur praedicto Johanni de Eg-

omnl servitio. De termino Hiljarii, anno- gemere, custodiendum usque ' ad . adventum

12 Ric. II-. Ro.. iij?. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus.. dicti Thesaurarij. Mich, fines, &c. 9 Edw. II.

No. 34, p. 30.5. Rot. 109. Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. 6l 1..
t Norfolcia. Redditus. Ranulphus de He*

dd2 HEREFORD,

204

HEREFORD, THE TOWN OF.

The prior of Hereford holds one messuage in Hei'eford, which
Richard de Hay left to the church 6f St. Guthlace in Alms, and
that messuage was held of our lord the King by the service of being
his baker*.

NEWBURGH, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Alexander de Newburgh owes the service of being vintner to our
lord the King for Newburgh -j-.

CHESHAM, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Richard de Wedon gave to the King twelve shillings and six-
pence, for his relief of two messuages, and three parts of one yard
land, &c. with the appurtenances, in Chesham, held of the King by
the serjeanty of being Naperer f of our lord the King J.

LITTLE MESSENDEN, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Walter Mauntel held a certain seijeanty in Little Messenden, by
being Naperer^ of our lord the King §.

* Prior de Hereford tenet unuui messuag'. j: Ric'us. de Wedon dat Regi xii s. vi d. pro

in Hereford, quod Ric'us. de Haya legavit relevio suo de duobus messuagiis, tribiis par-

eccl'ie. S". Gutblaci in EJymosinam, et mes- tibus unius virg. terras, &c. cum pertinentijs, in

suagium illud tenebatur de diio Rege per servi- Chesham, de Rege per serjantiam essendi na-

cium pistoris. De Seriancijs temp. Hen. IL parius diii Regis. De teVminO Mich, anno

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 6765, p. 34, from 13 Edw. IH. Ibid. No. 34, p. 145.

Testa de Nevil. § Serjantia Walteri Mauntel, in Parva Mes-

f Alexander de Novo Burgo debet servic'. senden, pro qua debuit esse naparius diii Re-

vinar' dni Regis de Novo Burg. Salopp. Te- gis. Serj. &c. com; Bucks. Ibid. No. 313,

nentes in cap. de diio Rege per seriant'. Harl. p. 53.
MS. Brit. Mus. No. 1087, p. 15.

f Naparius.

205

f Naparius. A table-decker, or one who took charge of the
napery (table-cloths, and other linen). See Ashelee, p. 64.

THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF LINCOLN,

Was obliged yearly for its lands to pay the King of England a
rich cloak furred with sables, which custom was bought out with
one thousand marks of silver, by Hugh Bishop thereof, temp.
Richard I.*

REDEN COURT, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Joane Swinderton, sister and heir of Thomas Newenton, died in
1445, possessed of the manor of Redene, alias Reden Court. She
had in 1422 passed this manor to trustees, I suppose, for a settle-
ment. It contained one messuage and one hundred acres of arable,
formerly William Flemings, holden of the King by the service of
finding Litter Hl:|. in the King's chamber as often as he came to
Havering f.

iJIt- See note on Edburton, p, 194.

CLYXBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

John de Clyxby, parson of the church of Symondesburne, ac-
knowledged himself to hold one messuage, and three oxgangs and
a half of land, with the appurtenances, in Clyxby, in the county of
Lincoln, of the King, in capite, by the service of one night-cap,
(or hood) and one falcon, to be paid to the King yearly at Mi-

* DanieFs Chron, p. lOi.Polewhele'sHist. -f- Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. p. 64.

of Cornwall; vol. ii. pp. £0; 61.

chaelmas,

206

chaelmas, for all services ; which said night-cap was appraised at" ^
halfpenny *.

WESTHENRETH, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William de Spersholt holds a third part of Westhenreth, of, the
King in capite, by the service of purchasing ale in the household of
our lord the King -j;*.

MIDELINTON, COUNTY OF OXFORO.

Henry Fitz William holds of our lord the King one piece of land
in Midelinton, by the serjeanty of finding one towel to wipe the
hands of our lord the King, when he shall hunt in the forest of
Witchwood, in the parts of Lankeleg, and that land was worth forty
shillings X'

BRAY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Hugh de Saint Pbilibert holds of our lord the King, in the town
of Bray, fifty shillings of land, by the serjeanty of serving our lord
tlie King with his boots §v

* Johannes de Cayxbyj persona ecdfesie de ^bet emere cervis- in hospicio dni Regis, 8cc.

Symondesburn, attacb. tanquam se tenere unum Rotuli Huiidredorum Berk', vol. i. p. 16.
ines$uagiutn, et tres bovaS tew. et diniid''. cum J Hemic' filius Willielmi ten', dfe dina

pertin'. in Clyxby, in com. Lancoln, de Rege, Rege in. Midelinton, una -tia per serjantiam-

in capite, per servitiiini unius capicij, et pro iiiveniendi una tualliam ad manus dni Regis,

lino falcone, Regi annuatim solvend'. &d tergend'^ quando' venal' in foresta de Wige-

festum Sancti Mich'is, pro onini servitio, q^iad wode in p'tibus de Lankekg, et valet XL s.

quidem ciipitium appreciatur ad ob'. De terra ipa. Escaet' dni Regis de com. Oxon.

■ termiiio Tr.ii. a"* 33 Edw. III. Rot. 1. Harl. Tfesta de Nevil, p. 107-

MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 212. | Hugo de Sco' Philiberto tenet ^e dno

•j- Williehnus de Spersholt tenet terciam par- Rege in villa de Bray l solid', terre per ser-

tem de Westhenreth de Rege in capite,i quod jaa/serviendi de ocreis dni Reg'. Esc. com.

Berks. Ibid. p. 108.

NIWENTON,

207

•■ "1 .1 >■■■ ■ ' • '■■■■. ■ ■ ■ ■

NIWENTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Emma de Hamton holds of our lord the King in the town of
Niwenton, forty shillings of land, by the service of cutting out the'
linen clothes of the King and Queen *.

> ' ' V , ' , ■

THE TOWN OF LANCASTER.

William Gardinar holds seven acres of land in Lancaster, by the>
service that he should find in the castle, pot herbs and leeks, and
his land is worth two shillings and four-pence -f--

LUDEWELL, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Robert de Eston and Jordan de Wotton hold of our lord the
King one hide of land, in the town of Ludewell, by the serjeanty
of preparing or dressing the herbs of our lord the King in Wood-
stock J-

WINTERBURN, COUN'^Y OF WILTS.

Gunnore de la More held a certain serjeanty in Winter burn, for
which he was to keep the brushwood^ and litter of our lord th»e
King^.; z'' '-■ 'J'' -

■ ^

* Emma de Hamton tenet de <Ko Rege in J Robertus de Eston et Jordanus de Wotton

viUa de Niwjenton, xl s. terre per serviciu ten', de diio Rege una hidam ter'. in villa de

iscindeTtidi linos pannos diii R«gis et Regine, Ludewell, per serjantiam parandi herbarios

Escaet'diii Regis de com. Oxou. Testa de dipi Regis in Wodestokes. Ibid. p. 107.

Nevil, p. 107. '^ Serjantia Gunnore de la More in Win-

■f Willielmus Gardinar tenet vij acras terre . Serburn, per quam debuit custodire busCam et

in Lane', per servic' quod inve'iat' in castro literam diii Reg'. Ibid. p. 146.
olera et porrecta, terra sua valet ij s. iiij d^u'.
Ibid. p. 372.

: ; . . ^ <!|"Busca,

208

f Busca, (Fr, Busche) underwood, billet, also brushwood. Blounfs
Law. Diet. sub. voce.

GOULTHORP, BILLINGELAY, and SWINTON, COUNTY

OF YORK. :

Our lord the King had eighteen bovates of land and a half in
Goul thorp, Billingelay, and in Swinton, which were his escheats,
and he gave them to Daniel Pincerne by the service of one sex-
tary [*] of wine, with the flaskets [|§||, to be rendered at London, at
the feast of Saint Michael, and that land was worth five marks *.

[*] Sextary. See note on Stoney Aston, p. 190.

mil Flasketa. See note on Swinton.

SECT. VII.

Cff Petit Serjeanties performed by Jceeping and taking
Care ofi:he Ming's Whores ^ Laundresses, and Women,

BOROUGH OF GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Robert Testard held certain land in the town of Guldeford, by

* Rex habuit xviij bovat' terre et di' in flaschetis, reddend' apiid London, ad festum

Goulthorp, Billingelay, et in Swinton, que Sci' Mich'is, valet v m'r. Testa de -N evil, p.

fuerunt eschaete sue et illas dedit Danieli 875.
Pinc'ue per servicitt uniiis sextar' vini, cum ;

serjeanty

209

serjeanty of > keeping rth^ whores f in the court of our lord thp
King. And it is set at xxv S. a year rent *.

Thomas de-la Puill^ holds one serjeanty in the town of Guldeford,
pf the gift of Riphard Testard, for which he formerly used to keep
the laundresses §|:§ of the King's court; and now he pays at the
JGxchequer xxv s. -f*

% By meretrices was, in these times, understood laundresses, Blount.
But certainly the King's household used to be furnished with
meretrices, properly so called ; for, amongst the articles devised
for the establishment of good order in the King's household,
22 Hen. VIII. is the following, viz. « That the Knight Marshal

- take good regard that all such unthrifty and common women
as follow the court be banished." Cap. 41. Archseologia, vol. iii,

*- p. 155. 'E. The laundresses are called lotrices in the next
article. P.

|l|.§ Lotrices. ' Laundresses. A. t

-" BOCKHAMPTON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William Hoppeshort holds half a yard-land, in that town, of our
lord the King, by the service of keeping for the King six damsels,

- * Robertus Testard tenuit quaiidam terrain tiam in villa de Guldeford de dono Richardi

in villa de Guldjeford, per serjantiani.custodi- Testard, per quam aliquando solebat servare

tendi meretrices in cnria domini Regis. Et lotrices curiae domini Regis, et modo reddit

arrentata est ad xxv s. PlacCor. 19 Hen, III. ad Scaccarium xxv s. Plac. Coron. de ann.

.Surrey. ,. Blount, 8, 39 Hen. HI. Surrey. Blount, 79.

^\ t Thopaas de I^ Puille tenet upam serjan-

• E E to

210

to wit, whoi'es f , at the cost of the King*. This was called pimp-
tenure 'j^'.

GATESHILL, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Robert de Gatton holds the manor of Gateshill, in the county of
Surrey, by the serjeanty of being Marshal of twelve girls who fol-
lowed the King's court J.

Hamo de Gatton holds the manor of Gateshull, in the county of
Surrey, of our lord the King, by serjeanty of being Marshal of the
whores f when the King should come into those parts. And he was
not to hold it but at the will of the King§.

^ The word meretrices was heretofore used for lotrices, or laun-
dresses. Blount. Tralatitious Terins, meretrix meant formerly
what it now means. Custos meretricium publice venalium in
Lupanari de Roth. A.

In the Gent. Mag. for 1773, p. 302, it is said, that, " among
other strange customs in England, there is one, that, whenever the
King comes to Lothesly manor, near Guildford, the lord is to pre-
sent his Majesty with three whores."

* Willielmus Hoppeshort tenet dimidiam Marescalli duodecim puellarutn quse sequuntur

virgatam terrse in eadem village doHiiiK) Rege, curMm-dcwHini Regis. Plac. Coron. 19 Hen.

per servitium custodiendi domino Regi sex III. Surrey. Blount, 80.

damisellas, scil. meretrices, ad custum domini | Hamo ' de Gatton tenet manerium de

Regis. Plac. Coron. apud ^^'indesor, 12 Gateshull, in com. Surrey, de domino Rege,

Edw. I. Rot. 28, in dorso. Blount, 39. per seijantiam ut erit Marescallus meretricum

f Jacob's Law Diet, sub voce Pimp-Te- cum dominus Rex venerit in partibus illis, et

nure. non tenet nisi ad voluntatetn ipsius Regis.

J Robertus de Gatton tenet manerium de Plac. Coroni 19 Hen. Ill, Surrey. Blount,

Gateshill, in com, Surrey, per serjantiam 82.

211

At p. 358, a correspondent in some measure rectifies the mistake,
by informing us, that, " instead of Lotheslj, it was the manor of
Catteshill that was meant ;" and that this manor " was holden by
the service of being Marshal of the meretrices when the King
came that way ; that it is well known that meretrix, in later Latin
writers, is equivalent to lavatrix, or lotrix ; and therefore that these
twelve young women (/or such, as he observes, are they called, and
such is their number said to have been by Blount, in his Account
of Ancient Tenures, p. 80), were to follow the court in the capacity
of laundresses, to be furnished by the lord of the manor of Cattes-
hill"

Another correspondent, in voL xiix. p- 341, carries the custom
back again to Lothesly, which he tells us *' was holden in grand
serjeanty by the master of the King's meretrices, i. e. (says he)
laundresses/' Perhaps a more full and accurate aecount of this
matter may not be unacceptable.

From the accession of King Henry IL our Kings had a mansion-
house and park at Guildford, where they occasionally resided and
kept their court ; during which time, certain of the inferior offices
of the household were supplied by the tenants of two different
estates, holden of the Crown in this neighbourhood.

1. One of these was what is now called the manor of Poyle, in
GuildfGHrd, which had been given in earlier times to the family of
Testard, During the minority of William, an heir of this family, in
the time of Henry II., the wardship of him and his estate was given
to one Ranulph de Broc, from whom it descended to Edeline, his
daughter, who held it " per serjantiam mareschalli in curia don^ini

E E 2 Regis."

212

Regis*." Stephen de Turnham, who married her, succeeded to the
trust, and held it by the same service -f-. To this WilHam, who died
in the 14th of Hen. III., anno 1230, succeeded Robert, his son, who
is described as holding it in 19 Henry HI., 1235, " per serjantiara
custodiendi meretrices in curia domini Regis :|:." Thomas succeeded
to the inheritance ; and after him, Richard, his brother ; in the ac-
count of whose serjeanty it is set forth as a part of his office of
niareschal, that he was " servare lotrices curise domini Regis §.'*
About this time Richard sold this estate to Thomas de la Puille, or
Poyle (from which it took its present name), who held it by the
same service || ; and in his family it continued till 9 Hen. V. But
this whimsical tenure, having before this been converted into
knight's service, we hear no more of it after the Hth Edw. II., or
thereabouts.

2. The other estate holden by this tenure, was the manor of
Catteshill, in Godalming, distant about four miles from the court at
Guildford. Ranulph de Broc, already spoken of as guardian of
the heir of Testard, had a grant of this manor from King Henry II.,
to hold by the service of " ostiarius in camera domini Regis ^"
Edeline, his daughter, and Stephen de Turnham her husband, held h
by the same service**. Robert de Gatton, who married a grand-
daughter and co-heir of Stephen's, is called " mareschallus custo-
diendo meretrices de curia domini Regis -j -f," and " mareschallus

* Test, de Nev. in Esch. |[ Blount, p. 79. Plac. Cor. 39 Hen. III.

t Test, de Nev. % Test, de Nevih

$ Blount, p. 8, Plac. Com. Surr. 19 Hen. ** Ibid.

Ill- tt- Plac. Cor. 25 Hen. III.

§ Blount, p. 79. Plac. Cor. 39 Hen, III.

duodecim

213

j^uodecim puellarum que sequuntur curiam domlni Regis* " Hamo
de Gatton, his spn and heir, " mareschallus meretricum cum do-»
minus Rex venerit in iUis partibus f," and " ostiarius camerse
Jlegis.]:/' Hamo the younger, " mareschallus de communibus de
fceminis sequentibus hoispitium domini Regis §." Robert de North-
wode, who married EHzabeth daughter and heir of the last Hamo^
and died seised of this manor in 34 Edw. HI., anno 1360, is stiled,
'* oidtiarius in camera Regis |1." Joan and Agnes, daughters and
at length; heirs of Robert, on a partition made between them in
37 Edw. HI., are said to have holden by the service of " mares-
challui^ in hospitio. Regis f /' After which we hear no more of it,
except that Nicholas Hering, who married Agnes, claimed in her
j-ight the; office of usher (Ostiarius) of the King's chamber at the
Coronation of Richard II., but the consideration thereof was post-
poned.,

What we collect from all this is, that the office of Marshal of
the King's household, as oftieh as the court resides at Guildford,
was executed by the lords of the manors of Poyle and Catteshill,
who held their lands by :this tenure ; and that though they are re-
spectively stiled, in different records,. Marshal of the King's court.
Marshal of the King's household, and Ostiarius or usher of the
King's chamber, their office was one and the same ; it being part
of the office of Marshal, by himself or deputy, to keep the door of
the King's chamber **. We learn moreover that it was part of their
duty (as often as the King came into those parts, not otherwise)

* Blount, p. 80.

t Blount,_82. Plac. Cor. 7 Edw. I.

X Esch. 20 Edw. I. n. 25.

% Esch. 29 E^w. I. n. 58.

;(.■

If Esch. 34 Edw. HI. n. 72.
^ Rot. Commun.

** Spelm. Gloss. Madox, E.\ch€q. c. 2.
S.5.

214

to provide women servants for the meaner offices of the house-
hold, and that these women servants were, on different occa-
sions, called by different names, and amongst the rest by that of
meretrices ; which last hath given occasion, it seems, to ludicrous
reflections on the court of that time, as if the grants of the Prince
had been made subservient to his pleasures. Whereas, in truth,
the word meretrices was here used in an indifferent sense, and
agreeably to the known import of the word mereo or mereor, from
which it is derived, as a general description of such women as
served for hire, and who, in the present instance, are accordingly
called, in the different records, puellse, communes feminse, and
lotrices, the service here spoken of being, after all, no other than
this, viz- that whereas the court, in those days, was frequently re-
moved to Guildford, certain persons, who held immediately of the
King in that neighbourhood, were obliged, by the terms of their
respective grants, to provide, as often as this should happen, a cer-
tain number of female servants for the laundry and other inferior
offices of the household.

The manor of Shirefield, in Hampshire, was holden temp.
Edw. II. and III, by John de Warbleton, by the same serjeanty;
and probably with a vieAV to the occasional residence of the court at
Odiham, in its neighbourhood *,

SCHYREFEND, ob SHIREFIELD, COUNTY OF

HANTS,

John de Wintershul holds the manor of Schyrefend, in the county

* Gent. Mag. 1789, p. 320, and seq.

aforesaid,

215

aforesaid, by the serjeanty of finding a serjeant to keep the whores
in the army of our lord the King *. See p. 79.

ESTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Henry de la Mare holds, in the town of Eston, two marks of land,
by the serjeanty of keeping the. whores, who followed the court of
our lord the King -f-.

SECT. VIII..

Of Petit Serjeanties relating to the Execution of'

the Laws.

AYLESBURY, COUNTY OF BtJCKS.

Margery de Aspervil held one yard-land of our lord the King in
capite, in Aylesbury, in the county of Bucks, by the serjeanty of;
keeping all the distresses madei for the King's debt by the summons
of the Exchequer $.

* Johannes de Wintreshul tettet manerium % Margeriade Aspervil tenet unam vii^a-

de Shyrefend, in com. praedicto, per serjantiam tarn terrse de domino Rege in capite^ in Ayles-

iiiveniendi unum seijantum ad custodiendum bury, in com. Bucks, per serjantiam custo-

raeretrices in exercitu domini Regis. Plac. diendi omnes distrietiones factas pro debito

Coron. 8 Edw. I. Rot. IS. South. Blount, 85. domini Regis per summonitionem Scaccarii,

+ Henricus de la Mere tenet in villa de Pla. Cor. in com. Bucks, 14 Edw. I. Blount,

Eston ij marc* terre per serjantiam custo- 41.
diendi meretrices sequentes curiam dni Regis.
Testa de Nevil,

BAKTON,

216

BARTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Geoffrey Arblaster holds certain land in Bakton, in the county of
Devon, by the serjeanty of keeping the gaol of the county of
Exeter*.

BRODEHAM, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Geoffi'ey de la Hull, and Millicent his wife, hold one ferling f of
land in Brodeham, in the county of Devon, by the serjeanty of
being bedel of our lordiiie King in that hundred -f*.

^ Ferlingus, or ferlingata terrse, is the fourth part of a yard-land.
Blount. See Virgata Terras, under Nether Overton, p. 130,
and Hida Terrse, under Badew, p. 143. The same as Ferdell,
Fardingdeal, or Ferundell. But quaere. E.

AVINDESOR, COUNTY OF DORSET.

John de Windesor held the manor of Windesor, in the county of
Dorset, which was worth twenty pounds a year, by serjeanty that
he and his heirs should weigh th« money coming to the Exchequer
of our lord the Kingt.

* Galfridus Arblaster tenet quandam terram J Johannes de Windesor tenuit maneriutn

in Bakton, in com. Devon, per serjantiam de Windesor, in com. Dorset, quod valet per

custodiendi gayolam, in com. Exoniae. Plac. apn. ^xx, per serjantiam quod ipse et haeredes

Coron. de annoQ Edw. I. Devon. Blount, 44. sui debent ponderare denarios venientes ad

f Galfridus de la Hull, et Milliaenta uxor Scaccarium domini Regis. Plac. Coron. apud

eujus, tenent unum ferlingum terrae in Erode- Schyreburne, 8 Edw. I. Dorset. Rot. 13.

ham, in coin. Devon, per serjantiam essendi Blount, 47.
bedellus domini Regis in hundredo isto. Pl^.
Coron. ut supra. Blount, 45.

OKETON,

217

OKETON AND DALTON, COUNTY OF YORK;

• Anketil Malore holds certain land and ten shillings rent, in
Oketon and Dalton, in the county of York, by serjeanty to the
King by archery ; which land the King gave to the said Anketil in
marriage, with the daughter and heir of William de Muletorp ;
and he holds the aforesaid land of one archery for finding an
esquire (servientem) to keep the Castle of York, in the time of
war, for forty days, at his own proper charge- lie was also to find
an esquire (servientem) to conduct the treasure of our lord the
King through the whole county, at his own proper charge, and
out of the county, at the King's charge *.

THE CITY OF HEREFORD.

The Knight's Hospitallers hold in Hereford, one messuage,
with the appurtenances, which Philip Fitz Odo held by the ser-
jeanty of being a catchpoll f^, or bailiff, and which he left to them
in pure alms, or frank almoigne -j-.

f[ Serjantiam Cachepolli. The learned Spelraan says, he under-
stands the word catchpoll to mean a serjeant at mace. Gloss.
133. We retain the word catchpoll still for a sheriff's baihff,
or such-like officer. Blount.

* Anketil Malore tenet quandam terram et suarum domini Regis, per totum cotnitatum

X s. redditus in Oketon et Dalton, in com. ad custum proprium, et extra com. ad custum

Ebor. de serjantia domini Regis, per arcberiam domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 15 Hen. Ill,

quam terram dominus Rex dediteidemAnketilo Ebor. Rot. ]. dorse. Blount, 48.

in maritagio cum filia et haerede Willielmi de f Hospitalarii tenent in Hereford, unum

Muletorp; et tenet praedictam terram unius messuagium cum pertin. quod Pliilippus fiJius

archeriae, quod inveniet unum servientem ad Odonis tenuit per serjantiam cachepolli, quod

custodiam Castri Ebor, tempore guerrae, per eis legavit in puram eleemosynam. Testa

^L dies, ad custum proprium. Debet etiam de Nevil. Blount, 49.
bvenire unum servientem ad ducendum the-

FP TWIG-

218

TWIGWORTH, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Robert le Sauvage holds one yard-land in Twigworth, of our
lord the King, by the service of five shillings a year ; and he ought
to carry the King's writs, which come to the sheriff through that
county, at his own proper charge *.

STAPELTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

John de AUebyr holds one yard-land in Stapelton, in the county
of Gloucester, by serjeanty of carrying the writs of our lord the
King from the Castle of Gloucester, one day's journey |1§|I, at his
own proper charge, and further at the charge of the King-j-.

11§1| Dieta, A day's journey. Blount. See Ainsworth's Diet, of Law
Latin.

WALETON, OR WALTON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Richard de Waleton holds fourteen oxgangs of land ^ with the
appurtenances, in Waleton, in the county of Lancaster, of our
lord the King, by the serjeanty of making executions of the writs
of our lord the King, and attachments in the wapentakes of Derby
and Makerfield ; and he is bailiff of the same in fee J.

% See Carleton, p. 145.

SIN-

* Robertus le Sauvage tenet unam virgatam terrte in Stapelton, in com. Glouc. per serjan-

terrae in Twigeworth de domino Rege, per ser- tiam ad portandum brevia domini Regis de

i^itium quinque solidorum per annum, et debet Castello Gloucestriae, per unam dictam ad

portare brevia domini Regis quae veniunt ad custum suum proprium, et ultra ad custum

vicecomitem per comitatiim istud^ ad custum domini Regis. Plac. Itin. ut supra. £lount,

suum proprium. Plac. Itin. de anno 5 Hen. III. 56.

Glouc. Blount, 56. + Richardus de Waleton tenet quatuordecim

t Johannes de AUebyr tenet unam virgatam bovatas terrae cum pertinentiis in Waleton, ia

com.

219

STNGLETON-PARVA, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Thomas de Singleton holds Little Singleton, in the county of
Lancaster, by the service of making attachments and executions
of the writs of our lord the King, and attachments of pleas of the
crown, in the wapentakes of Araonderness and Blackburnshire,
from the day his father died seised*.

GLAPTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Gervas de Glapton, John de Skerrington, and others, hold a
moiety of one messuage and of three oxgangs of land in Glapton,
by the service of finding an under-bailiff, for the fee of Peverell,
in the county of Nottingham -f.

ABBEFORD, COUNTY OF OXON.

Lawrence of the Exchequer held two carucates of land in Abbe-
ford, in the parish of Aston, by the serjeanty of being Marshal
before the Justices in Eyre, through all England, and before the
Justices of the Bench, and the Barons of the Exchequer J.

com. Lane, de domino Rege, per serjantiam rington, et alii^ tenent medietatem unius mes-

faciendi executiones ad brevia domini Regis, $uagii et trium bovatarum terrae in Glapton,

et attachiamenta in wapeiitachiis de Derby et per serviiium inveniendi unum sub-ballivum,

Makerfield, et est ballivus eorundem de feodo. pro feodo Peverelii, in com. Nottingham. Plac.

Plac. Coron. anno 20 Edw. L Lane. Blount, Coron. de anno 3 Edw, III, Rot. 6. in dors.

63, Notting. Bbunt, 72.

* rOiomas de Singleton tenet Parvum Sin- % Laurentiiis de Scaccario tenuit duas caru-

gleton, in com. L<anc. per servitium faciendi catas terrse in Abbeford, in parocbia de Aston,

attachiamenta «t exectitipneai ad brevia domini per serjantiam essendi Mareecallus coram Jus-

Regi$, et attachiamenta ad Plaiiita Coronae in ticiariis Itinerantibus per^ totam Angliam, et

wapentachiis de Amond^ness et Blakeburn- cor^m Justiciariis de Banco et Baronibus, de

schire, die qua pater suus obut seisitus. Plac. Scaccario. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Oxon.

Coron. ut supra. Blount, 63. Blount, 72.

/t G^rvasius de Glapton, Johannes de Sker-

F F 2 NET-

220

NETTLEBED, COUNTY OF OXON.

Oliver de Stanford held certain land in Nettlebed, in the county
of Oxford, by the serjeanty of being Sealer of the Writs |1§|1 in the
Chancery of our lord the King *.

\\%\ Serjantiam Espicurnantise. By the office of spigurnel, or sealer
of the King's writs in Chancery. Blount.

WYLINGTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Walter de la Lynde holds the bedellery :^*:|: of the hundred of
Wylington, and of the hundred of West-Peret, in the county of
Somerset, by the serjeanty of finding bedells X*^, to do the office
of bedells J*|., in the hundreds aforesaid : and the said Walter
says, that our lord King Henry (III.) father of our lord the now
King (Edward I.) granted to John de Lynde, his father, the afore-
said bedellery j*:|:, by his charter, which he produced, i&c. -f*

^*J Bedellery, is the same to a bedell, as bailiwick to a baihff; i. e.
the extent or circuit of his office. Blount. Bedell is derived of
the French word Bedeau, which signifies a messenger of a
court, or under-bailiif, a verger or mace-bearer. Co. Litt. 234, b.
Boyer's French Diet. tit. Beadeau. E.

* Oliverus de Stanford tenuit quandam ter-
rain in Nettlebed, in com. Oxon. per serjan-
tiam espicurnantise in Caucellaria domini Regis.
Plac. Coron. ut supra. Blount, 72.

•f Walter de la Lynde tenet bedelleriain
hundredi dc Wylington, et hundredi de West-
Peret, in com. Somerset, per serjantiam inve-

niendi bedellos ad offieium bedellorum faciend.
in hundredis predictis ; et Walterus dicit quod
dominas Henrictis Rex, pater domini Regis
nunc, concessit Johanni de la Lynde patri suo
prsedictam bedelleriam per cartam suam, quam
profert, &c. Plac. Coron. de ann. 8 Edw. I.
Somers. Blount, 75.

HAN-

22J

HANLEGH, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

Robert Bardolf holds a certain tenement in Hanlegh, in the
county of Suffolk, in capite, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty
of being, and doing the office of bailiff of the Honor of Hanlegh *.

LEDEREDE, now LEATHERHEAD, COUNTY OF

SURREY.

William Frankelen holds certain land in Lederede, in the county
of Surrey, of the King's fee, by finding a pavilion or hall [§] for
the county court, as often as the county court should happen to be
there held.

And Walter le Hore holds certain land in the same town, of the
King's fee, by finding a certain house for a prison, when any pri-
soner should happen to be taken at the sheriff'^s turn; but the prison
ought to be in the custody of the sheriff.

And William de Oxencroft holds certain land, in the same town,
of the fee of the lord the King, by finding a pound for cattle %
when any cattle should be taken for the debt of our lord the
King -f-.

* Robertus Bardolf tenet quoddam tene- eadetn villa de feodo Regis, inveniendo quan-

mentuin in Hanlegh, in com. Suffolk, per ser- dam domum ad prisonam, cum contigerit

jantiam essendi et faciendi officium baltivi ' aliq.uem prisonem capiari ad turnutn vic'eco-

Honoris de Hanlegh, in capite de domino mitis, sed prisones debent esse in custodia

R^e. Plac. Coron. de ann. 14 Edw. I. Rot, vicecomitis. Et VVillielmus de Oxencroft

Q. Suffolk. Blount, 77. tenet quandam terram in eadem villa de feodo

■j- Willielmus Frankelen tenet quandiim tef- domini Regis inveniendo parcum ad averia,

ram in Lederede, in com. Surrey, de feodo cum aliquae averia capta fiierint pro debito

Regis, inveniendo Scaunam ad comitatum domini Regis. Plac. Coronae, 19 Hen. HI.

qaotiescunque cOntigerit comitatnm ibi teneri. Surrey, Blount, 81.
JEt .)Yaltejrus le Hore tenet quandam terrain in

[§] Scaunam.

222

[§] Scaunam. In the record it seems to be so written ; perhaps it
should be Scenam, or a hall or pavilion, wherein the assizes or
county court was to be held. Blount.

Quere, Scamnum. A bench?

f Parcum ad Averia. A pound for cattle.

ELYNG, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Roger de Elyng holds certain land in Elyng, in the county of
Southampton, by the service of carrying the writs which were
to be sent to the sheriff of Southampton, in the Isle of Wight,
and the hundreds of Christ's Church, Ringwood, and Fording-
bridge *.

ESTON, COUNTY OF OXON.

In the fifty-second year of King Henry HI. a writ issued
to the sheriff of Oxfordshire, reciting, that it appeared by inqui-
sition that Roger de TExchequer, and his ancestors, held their
land of Eston, in the county of Oxford, of the King, and his
ancestors Kings of England, by the service of keeping the door
of the King's Exchequer, and not by knight's service, of the Honor
of Wallingford -f .

MITCHAM, COUNTY OF SURREY-

William Figge, who died 24th Edw. HI- was seised of a house

* Rogerus de Elyng tenet quandam tefjam Wight, in Hundnedis de Christ Church,

in Elyng, in com. Southanjpton, per servitiuio Bingewpde, et Ford. Plac. Coron, 8 Edw. I.

ad ferenda brevia domini Regis, quae mittenda Rot. SO. South. Blount, 87.

sunt viceconiiti Southampton, in Insula dfi f Madox's Excbeq. p. 720.

and

223

and lands at Mitcham, which he held by the service of receiving
the King's distraints for the hundred of Wallington *. And Agnes,
wife of GeofTry Prior, who died 7th Hen. IV. held a house and
lands by the same service -f .

DUNMOW, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In the year 1285 it was found that Nicholas Attenasse held a
virgate of land here, by the tenure of providing a pound for the
King's bailiffs of this hundred to impound cattle, by the sheriff's
precept and summons of the Exchequer, and the bailiffs used to
receive sixpence %.

MORDEN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Henry de Monemouth held Morden by service, for which he was

to summon the lords of Wiggmore at Wiggmore, Broos at Gingston,

and of Cary at Webbeley, and distrain on them for the debts of our

lord the iCing when it should be needful, and to conduct the King's

treasure from the Castle of Hereford to London, and to have every

day twelve pence. And because it was an unfit service, therefore

it was changed by the consent of the same Henry, so that the said

Henry should pay to the King yearly twelve pence, and do service

for a moiety of the fortieth part of one knight's fee, and thus be

quit of the service aforesaid §.

THE

* Esch. 23 Edw. III. pf. 2. No. 15. ston, et de Cary apud Webbeley, et distringere

+ Esch. 6 Hen. IV. No. 45. LySons's En- eos pro debitis diii Regis cum necesse fuerit, et

virons of London, vol. i. p. 352, and notes. conducere thesaurum dni Regis a Castro Here-

J Morant's Hist.'of Essex, vol. ii. p. 423. ford usque London, et habere quolibet die

§ Henry de Monemouth held Morden by ser- xiid. Et quia servicium debile est ideo mu-

vice, pro qua debet summonire dominos de tatur de consensu ejusdem Henrici, ita quod

Wiggmore apud Wiggmore, Broos apud Ging- dictus Henricus reddat dno Regi per an. xii d.

224

THE FLEET PRISON, LONDON.

William Babington, brother and heir of Edward Babington, de-
ceased, acknowledged himself to hold, and his said brother to have
held, the day he died, of the King in capite, one messuage with the
appurtenances, in the suburbs of London, which is called the
Prison of Fleet, and a cei'tain rent in the same suburbs and city,
by the serjeanty of keeping all the prisoners to be committed there,
and also of repairing the Bridge of Fleet as often as it should be
needful *.

LESTO AND SUTTON, COUNTY OF KENT

The heirs of Robert Wallens held a certain field in the hundred
of Sutton, called Rede, which was worth yearly ten shillings, and
they paid therefore to our lord the King thirteen pence ; and their
ancestors were keepers of the pleas of the crown of our lord the
King of Lesto and Sutton -f-,

SOUTIIAUTON, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Guy de Beauchamp, late Earl of Warwick, held the manor of

Et faciet serviciuni 40"°' partis feodi unius
militis, et sic quietus sit de predicto servicio.
Plac. Coroii. 20 Edw. I. Gough's Catnd.
'Brit. edit. 1789, vol. ii. p. 46l.

* Willielnius Babington, frater et heres Ed-
wardj Babington, defunct), cognovit se tenerj;
et dictum fratrem suutn tenuisse die quo obijt^
de Rege in cajjite, unum messuagium cum per-
tin'. in suburbijs London, quod vocat' Prisons
de Flete, et quasdam redd', in eisdem sub-
urbijs et in dicta civitate, per seriantiam cus-
tod'. omnes prisonas ib'm committeod'. Et

etiam ad reparandl pontem de Flete, quoties-
cunq, necesse fuerit. Mich. fin. anno xvj"
R. Hen. VII. Rotulo quarto. Harl. MS,
Brit. Mus. No. 5174, p. 17.

f In hundredo de Sutton, heredes Robert!
Wallens tenent quendam campum, qui voca-
tur Rede, et valet per annum x sol. et reddunt
inde diio Regi xiij d. Et antecessores sui erant
custodes de Placit. Corone dni Regis de Lesto
dfi Sutton, Testa de Nevil, temp. Regis
Hen, IIL Ibid, No. 313, p, 10,

Southauton

225

Southauton as of the inheritance of Alicia, sometime his wife, of
our lord the King, by the serjeanty of bearing a rod before the
Justices in Eyre in the county aforesaid *.

GLENTWORTH, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Ralph Holmes,worth held land in Glentworth by the service of
being Usher before the Justices in Eyre of our lord the King at
the Common Pleas f.

WYNFORD, COUNTY OF DORSET

William de Monteacute (amongst other things) held Wynford,
by the gift of Hugh de Courtenay, by serjeanty, viz. by the service
of finding a bedell f to serve in the hundred of Wynford, in the
office of bedell for all service X^

^ Bedellris. See note on Clymeslond.

KYNGESTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Simon de Stanfforde held one yard land in Kyngestone, by the
serjeanty of summoning the Bishop of Hereford before the Justices
of our lord the King§-

* Guidonis de Bello-Campo, nuper Com. J Et Wynford de diio Hugone de Courte-

Warr'. ten. maner. de Southauton de hereditate nay per serjeautiam, viz. per servicium inveni-

Alicie, quondam uxoris sue, de diio Rege, per endi unum bedellum de serviend. hundredo de

serieantiam portandi virgam coram Justic. in Wynford, in ofBcio bedellar' pro omni ser-

com. predicto itinerantibus. Inquis. Guid. vicio. Inqtiis. W. de Montagu, anno 13 £dw.

de Bello-Campo, arino 9 Edw. II. Hari. MS. II. No. 31. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 6126.

Brit, Mus. No. 6126, p. 21. | Simon de Stanfforde ten. unam virgatam

•f- Radus Holmeswell terr'. de Glentworth per serianciam summonendi Epum Hereford

per ser*. essendi Hostiarius coram Justiciarijs coram Justiciarljs diii Regis. De Serianciis

R. in itinerationifous ad Placita Communia. tempore Henrici Regis filij Regis Johannis.

Esch. tempore Hen. filij Regis Johannis. Ihid. No. 6765, p. 21.
Ibid. No. 2087, p. 12.

G G WOODCOTE,

226

WOODCOTE, COUNTY OF HANTS.

John Marshall held the manor of Woodcote, within the parish
of Bromden, of the King in capite, by the service of keeping his
gaol in the Castle of Winchester *.

MANEFENE and NAKERTON, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

The heirs of P. de Ulcets held Manefene and Nakerton, by the
gervice of being Coroners f,

CRESBY, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Robert Fitz Osbert held half a carucate of land there by being
reeve ^ or bailiff of the manor of Cresby, in the forest of Derby-
shire X'

^ Prsepositus. See note on Clymeslond.

FEDE, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Thomas de la Fede holds the town of Fede by the service of
weighing the (King's) money at the Exchequer §.

BRIDEBROKE, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Simon de Blaveny holds a certain serjeanty in Bridebroke, by

* Johannes Marshall m. de Woodcote, infra J Robertus filius Osberti tenet dimid. ca-

parochiam de Bromden, de R. in capite, per rue', ter'. per esse pra?positus de manerio

ser'. custodiendi gaolani R. Castri sui Win- de Cresby, foreste de Derbyshire. -Feodary

cestr. Arnio lo Rici'. 11. Harl. MS. Brit. for the county of Lancaster, Harl. MS. Brit.

Mus. No. 2087, p. 225. Mus. No. 2085, p. 434.

•\- Hered. P. de Ulcets tenet Manefene et § Thomas de la Fede tenet villain de Fede,

Nakerton, per servic'. quod sit Coronator. In- per ponderacoem denar' ad Scaccarium. Esc.

quis. anno regni Regis Henrici II. xxviij de &c. Co. Suhantone, tempore Regis Johannis.

serjeanc'. Regis, &c. Ibid. No. 3875, p. Ibid. No. 313, p. 32.
188.

making

22T

making the distresses and attachments of the fee which were of the
Earl Marshal*.

DANYGATE, COUNTY OF YORK.

John Thwaytes, and Joan his wife, held the manor of Danygate,
in the county of York, called the Prison of the Lardonary, with the
appurtenances, of our lord the King, by the service of keeping the
King's gaol in liis forest of Galtres, to receive every year of our
lord the King and his heirs for keeping the said gaol, ^7. 12 s. 1 d.
by the hands of the sheriff of the county aforesaid, for the time
being, at Easter and Michaelmas, by equal portions, and two oaks
every year in the forest aforesaid, and one buck in summer, and one
doe in winter, every year within the said forest, also with liberty to
hunt foxes and hares in the said forest, at all times in ^;he year -j •,

RILLATON, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Richard de Okebeare, brother and heir of Roger de Okebeare,
paid twelve shillings and sixpence for his relief for a fourth-part of
the manor of Rillaton, held of the King as of his duchy of Cornwall,
by the service of two shillings yearly, and by the service of doing
suit at the court of Rillaton, from month to month, and of finding

* Simon de Blaveny tenet quandam ser- gaole predicte, £v\j. xij s. 1 d, per manus vie',

jantiam in Bridebroke ad faciend'. districtiones com. predicti pro tempore existen., ad festa

et attachiamenta de feodis, que fuere Comitis Pasche et Sancti Michi's, per equales portiones,

Mareschalli. Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. ii. ac duas quercos quolibet amio in foresta pre-

p. 345, note (d). dicta, ac unum damum tempore estimal. et

+ Johannes Thwaytes, et Johanna uxor ejus, unam damam vena!, singulis annis infra fo-

tenent manerium de Danygate in com. Ebor'. restam predictam, ac ad venandum vulpes et

vocatHm Prisona Lardonarie, cum pertin'. de lepores in forestam predicta, omni tempore

Rege, per servitium custodiendi gaolam Regis anni. De t«rmino Hil. anno 4 Hen. VI,

foreste sue de Galtris, praecipiend'. quolibet Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 441.
anno de diio Rege et hered'. suis pro custodia

G G 2 one

228

one man every fourth year to oversee the bailiwick of the said
manor, and to collect the dues arising from the pleas and perquisites
of the court*.

MERDESELDE, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

John, son of Agnes, late wife of John son of John de St. Piers,
gave to the King fifteen shillings for six oxgangs of land in Mer-
deselde, held of the King by grand serjeanty, (to wit) to carry the
writs of our lord the King through England for forty days, at the
King's summons, at his proper costs -f-.

HAWARDYN and BOSELE, i&c. COUNTY OF

CHESTER.

The manors of Hawardyn and Bosele, with the appurtenances,
in the county of Chester, are held of the King in capite, by Robert
de Monhault Earl of Arundell, by being Steward of the county of
Chester, viz. by the service of setting down the first dish before
the Earl of Chester, at Chester, on Christmas-day : and the manors
of Leston and La Lee, with a moiety of the town of Wriehholme,
with the appurtenances, in the county of Chester, are held of our
lord the King by the service of two knights^ fees and a half, and

* Ricaidus de Okebeare^ frater et heres 9° Edw. II. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34,

Rogeri de Okebeare, dat 12 s. 6d. de relevio p. 72.
. suo pro quarla parte manerij de Rillaton ten. •}■ Johannes^ filins iignetis que fuit uxor

de Kege ut de Diicatu Corniibie, per serv'. Johannis filij Jobannis Sancto Petro, dat Rewi

duorum solidorum per annum, et per servitium xvs. pro sex bovat'. terr'. in Merdeselde ten.

faciendi sectam ad curiam de Rillaton de de Rege per magnam serjantiiim, viz. quod

niense in mensem, et inveniendi unum hoini- tenetur portare brevia domini Regis per Aijo--

nem quolibet quarto anno ad intend', bail'io liani, per 40 dies, ad summonitionem Re^is

dictj manerij, ad levand' debita de placitis et ad cu.stum proprium. De teniuno Pasche,

perquisitis curie. De termino Pasche, auno anno 30 Edw. I. Ibid. p. 25.

229

by the service of finding one judger^ in the county of Chester,
from six weeks to sjx weeks *.

f In Cheshire, to be a judger of a town, is to serve at the lord's
court on the jury. Sir P. Leicester's Hist. Antiquit. Blount's
Law Diet, sub verbo.

GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Edeline de Beoks holds a certain serjeanty in the town of
Guildford, and beyond by being Marshal in the Court of our lord
the King, and it is worth yearly one hundred shillings -f-.

YORK, THE CITY OF.

William de Malehovers holds one piece of land with the ad-
vowson of the Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen, at York, by the ser-
vice of finding benches for the county court :|:.

NOTTINGHAM, THE TOWN OF.

Gilbert Glutun holds certain land with a bakehouse, in the town
of Nottingham, which were worth yearly forty shillings, by the

* Maneria de Hawardyn et Bosele, cum de sex septimanis in sex aeptimanas. De ter-

pertibentijs, in com. Cestr'. tenentur de Rege mino Hil. anno 31 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit,

in capite (per Robert', de Montealto Gom. Mus. No. 34, p. 31.

Arundell) per servicium Senescaliatus com. i" Edelina de Beoks tenet quandam serian-

Cestr'. viz. servitium assidendi primum fer- tiam in villa de Geldeford, et extra per Ma-

culum coram domino Com. Cestr*. apud riscall. in cur', diii Regis, et valet per annum

Cestr'. die Natalis Domini. Et quod ma- c solid. Escaeta, &c. Com. Surrey, temp,

neria de' Lestone et La Lee, et medietas ville Regis Johannis. Ibid. No. 313, p. £2.

de Wrichbolme, cum pertinentijs, in com. J Willielmus de Malehovers tenet una terra,

Cestr'. ten', de domino Rege per servicium et advocacoem capelle Sancte Marie Mag-

duorum feod'. mil', et dimid'. et per servicium delene, per servicium inveniendi bancos ad

invenieadi uaum judicatorem in com, Cesto'. comitatum. Testa de Nevil,, p. 36B.

service

230

service of being suramonerf , and bearing the writs of our lord the
King through both counties, (to wit) Nottingham and Derby, at his
proper costs *.

f Summoner (Summonitor.) Is a small officer that calls or cites
men to any court. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce.

SECT. IX.

Of Petit Serjeanties performed by heeping the King's
Forests, Chaces, and Parks, and hy hunting, finding,
and keeping of Dogs, Sfc.

GIDDING-MAGNA, COUNTY OF HUNTINGDON.

John Engayne holds one carucate of land in Great Gidding, in
the county of Huntingdon, by the serjeanty of hunting the wolf,
fox, and cat, and driving away all vermin out of the forest of our
lord the King in that county -f.

PIGHTESLEY, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Sir John D'Engayne, knight, and Elena D'Engayne, hold of our

* Gilbertus Glutun tenet quandam terraia i" Johannes Engayne tenet unam canicatam

cum quodam furno in villa de Nottingh'. que terrae in Magna Gidding in com. Hunt, per

valet per annum xls. per servic'. existendi serjantiam currendi ad lupum, vulpem, et

sumouitor et ferendi brevia'. dni Reg', per cattum, et amovendi omnem verminam extra

utriusque com. soil'. Not', et Derb'. ad cus- forestam domini Regis in comitatu isto. Plac.

turn suum proprium. Testa de Nevil, p. 17. Coron. 14 Edw. I. Rot, 7- Dorso. Hunt.

Blount, 60.

lord

231

lord the King in capite, twenty pounds of land, with the appur-
tenances, in Pightesley, in the county of Northampton, by the ser-
vice of hunting the wolf for his pleasure in that county *.

Thomas Engaine held certain lands in Pightesle (now called
Pitchley) in the county of Northampton, by the service of finding,
at his own proper costs, certain dogs for the destruction of wolves,
martons, cats, and other vermin within the counties of Northamp-
ton, Rutland, Oxford, Essex, and Buckingham f.

BERICOTE, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

King Henry II. enfeoffed one Boscher, his servant, with the
manor of Bericote in the county of Warwick, by the service of
keeping a white young Brach ^, (brachetam) with red ears, to be
delivered to the King at the year's end, and then to receive another
to breed up, with half a quarter of bran ijl,

•^ Bracheta. A bitch hound. R. We call a bitch, which follows a
hare by the scent, a brach, at this time. Spelm. |. A. Fr. Bra-
ehet. Cotgrave. P.

It is mentioned in King Lear, act i. se. 4, where the Fool says to
Lear:

Truth*s a dog that must to kennel ; he must be whipped out,
when lady the brach may stand by the fire and stink."

* Johannes D'Engayne, nniles, et Elena Plac. Coron. 3 Edw. I. Rot. 20, in dorso.
D'Engayne, tenent de domino Kege in capite, Blount, 71.

viginti libratas terrse, cum pertin. in Pightesle, fRot. fin. 42 Edw. Ill.m. 13. Blount, J 5^

in com. Northampton, per servitium fugandi % Sir W. Dugd. Anti^. of Warwickshire,

ad lupum pro voluntate sua in cojnitatu isto. Blount, 2.

I Gloss. 87.

Brach

232

Brach is a bitch of the hunting kind. Note on the passage, which
confirms the above note.

Shakspeare notices the brach again in Troilus and Cressida, act ii.
sc. 1, where Thersites says to Patroclus :

" I will hold my peace when Achilles' brach bids me, shall I?"

The commentators are not agreed on the meaning of this word,
some referring it to a species of dog, and some to an ornament
called a broche or broach. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

STANHOW, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Joan, late wife of John King, holds a certain serjeanty in Stan-
how in the county of Norfolk, by the service of keeping bracelettum
deymerettum '1.%% of our lord the King *.

:J:|^ Bracelettum deymerettum. Bracelettas and bercelettus I con-
ceive to be the same, and to mean a small hound or beagle,
from brache. Vide supra. P, and quaere what the meaning of
deymerettum is ? E.

SETENE OR SEATON, COUNTY OF KENT.

Bertram de Criol held the manor of Setene in the county of
Kent, of the King by serjeanty, viz. to provide one man called vel-
trarius ^, a vautrer, to lead three greyhounds when the King should
go into Gascony, so long as a pair of shoes of four-pence price
should last-f-.

* Jobanna, quje fnit uxor Johannis King, lettum deymerettum domini Regis. Rot. fin.
tenet quandam serjantiam in Stanhow in com. 6 Job. m. 58. Blount, 70.
Norf. per serjailtiam custodiendi unam brace- tEscaet. 34£dw.I. n. 37. Kent. Blount, 9.

Sir

23B

Sir Richard Rockesley, knight, held lands at Seaton in the
county of Kent,^ by the serjeanty of being the King's vautrer [];], in
Gascogny, until he had worn out a pair of shoes of the price of
four-pence *.

^ This veltrarius, or vautrarius, comes from the French, vaultre, a
mongrel hound for the chace of the wild boar. This vautrarium
Regis is by somq mis-written vantrarium, and engjished the
King's fore-footman. Blount -f'.

[J] Greyhounds in Germany are called welters, in Italy veltresy
&c. EJ.

C0TES, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Sir Stephen de Segrave, in King Henry the Third's time, pur-
chased the manor of Cotes in the county of Derby, of the daughters
and heirs of Stephen de Beauchamp, to hold by the service of one
brache yearly §.

WODEHAM-MORTIMER, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Hardekyn holds a certain tenement in Wodeham-Mortimer in
the county of Essex, by serjeanty of nursing one brachet |||ll of oui*
lord the King, when he should send it to him to nurse, and keeping
it till it should be fit to run 11. . ,

* Ricliardus Rokesley, Miles, tenebat terras ^ Claus. 13 Hen. III. m. 20. Blount, 11.

^eatoniae in com. Hantiae, per serjantiam esse || Hardekynus tenet quoddam tenementum

vautrarium Regis in Gasconixi donee pertisus in- Wodteham-Mortimer in cOm. Essex, "per

fuit pari solitanimpretii IV d. Rot. fin. Mich. serjantiam ad nutriendam unum Br'acliettafti

11 Ed"\v. II. Blount, 35. dbmini Regis, cum dominus Rex ei illam nii-

•f Coke on Lit. fo, 69, b. Speliii. Gloss, p. serit ad nutriendam, et eftstodiendi quousqite

550. ( habilis fuerit ad currendum. Plac. Coron. de

t Jac. Law Diet, sub verbo Veltrarius. 13 Edw. I. Blount, 26. - '■

, H H mil Brachettara,

234

|1§|1 Brachettam. A little brache, or bitch hound. Blount. Vide
supra, p. 232,

BENHAM, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William Lovell holds two carucates of land of our lord the
King, at Benhara in the county of Berks, by the serjeanty of keep-
ing a kennel of^ harriers at the King's cost*.

^ Meuta Deynectorum Canum. A pack of I know not what dogs.
Blount.

N. B. Muta, or Meuta, as more rightly in Blount, page 39, un-
doubtedly signifies a kennel, and is the word mew Latinized.
The monstrous word deynectorum is the creation of Blount's
scribe, either for harectorum, see the next article, and then
means harriers, or heymectorum, teri'iers.

BOKHAMPTON, COUNTY OF BERKS.

John le Bay holds two hides of land of our lord the King, in
Bokhampton, by the serjeanty of keeping a kennel of little har-
riers ^, at the King's cost -f.

% Meuta Caniculorum Harreetorum. A kennel of little hounds,
called harriers- Blount.

* Willielmus Lovell tenet duas carucatas f Johannes le Bay tenet duas hidas terra: de

terrae de domino Rege apud Benham in com. domino Rege in BokbamptCHi, per serjantiam

Berks, per serjantiam custodiendi unam meu- custodiendi unam meutam caniculorum har-

tam deynectorum canum, ad custum domini rectorum, ad custum domini Regis. Plac,

Regis. Plac. Coron. apud Wiridesor, 12 Edw. Coron. apud Windesor, 12 Edw. I. Rot. 28,

I. Blount, 38. in dorso. Blount, 3Q,

PORS-

235

PORSCAUNDEL, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Juliana, the wife of John Fitz Alan, held half a hide of land in
Porscaundel, in the county of Dorset, in capite of our lord the
King, by serjeanty of keeping the lame (hurt or wounded) dogs f^,
if there should be any such, as often as the King should hunt in
his forest of Blakemore; and by giving one penny for enclosing ||§{|
the King's park of Gillingham *.

^ Canes lesos. Leash hounds, or park hounds, such as draw after
a hurt deer in a leach, or liam. Blount. I can meet with no
such word in this sense : why may it not be dogs that have re-
ceived some hurt ? Isesos, from Isedo. A.

|j§|I Clausturam. A tax for fencing. A.

UFMINSTER, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

John Engayne holds the manor of Upminster, in the county of
Essex, which is worth ^xxx a year, by the serjeanty of keeping
the hare dog or greys hounds J*J of our lord the King -j^.

X*X Canes Leporarios. Hounds for the hare, or greyhounds.
Blount.

BOYTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William de Reynes formerly held two carucates of land in Boyton,

* Juliana, uxor Johannis filii Alani, tenuit apud Schyreburne, 8 Edw, I. Rot. 10^ Dor-

dimidiam hidam terrae in Porscaundel in com. set. Blount, 46.

Porset, in capite de domino Rege, per serjan- + Johannes Engayne tenet manerium de

tiam custodieudi canes domini Regis lesos, si Upmenistre in com. Essex, quod valet per ann.

qui fuerint, quotiescuflque dominus Rex fuga- xxxl. per serjantiam custocliendi canes lepo-

writ in foresta sua de Blakemore. Et ad rarjos domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw.

dandum unum denarium ad clausturam parci I. Essex. Blount, 50,
domini Kegis de Gillingham. Plac CorQn.

H H 2 in

236

in the parish of Fiuchingfend (Fin«hingfield) in the county of Essex,
by the serjeanty of keeping for th« King five wolf dogs f . And the
dean and chapter of London now hold that land *.

f Canes Luporarios, Wolf dogs. Blount

ASLABIE, COUNTY OF YORK.

Richard, son of Wydo (Guy) de Aslabie, in the county of York,
holds two carucates of land by the service of teaching one hare
dog^*:]:, belonging to the King ^•.

if* J Canem Liverium. Perhaps the same with leporarium, from the
French lievre, a hare. A- Or a slip-dog, from Fr. lievrer, i. e.
greyhound held in a lease or slip. P. £*]

[*] Slips are a contrivance of leather to start two dogs at the same^
time. Thus, in King Henry V. act iii. sc. 1, King Henry says
to his soldiers : ^

" For there is none of you so mean and base, j

" That hath not noble lustre in your eyes,

" I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,

" Straining upon the start." '

Again in Julius Caesar, act ii. sc, 1.

Marc Antony.
" And Caesar's spirit ranging for revenge,

" With Ate by his side, come hot from hell,

—— — — — ^ — _ ^

' * Willielmus de Reynes aliquando tenuit tenent terram illam. PJac. Coron. 13 Edw. I.
duas carucatas terrse in Boyton, in parochia de Essex. Blount, 52.

Finchingfend in com. Essex, per serjantiam f Richardus, filius Wydonis de Aslaby,

eustddiendi domino Regi quinque canes lupo- tenet duas carucatas terra, per servitium ap-
rarios; et decanus et capital ubi Londonimodo tandi unum canem liverium domini Rcis.'

M. S. Penes Sam, Roper, Arm. Blount, 108.'

" Shall

237

" Shall in these confineis, with a monarch's voice, ' ' ";
" Cry Havock, and let slip the dogs of war."

This is a term belonging to the chace. Slips were contrivances
of leather, by M'hich greyhounds were restrained till the neces-
sary moment of their dismission. Note. Chalmers's edit of
Shakspeare.

LINCOLN, COUNTY OF.

The King commands the barons (of the Exchequer) to allow to
Robert de Chadworth, sheriff of Lincoln, lti s. viid. which by the
King's command he delivered to John de Bellovent, for the main-
tenance^ (food) of seven greyhounds 1I§||, and thrpe falcons and a
laner hawk J*:|:, and for the wages of ^ huntsman [-j], from the day of
St John the baptist, to the VigiJ (Eve) of Saint Michael next fol-
lowing, both days inclusive ; to wit, for the maintenance ^ of each
dog l|^[| and hawk, a penny halfpenny a day, and for the wages of the
aforesaid huntsman \_-f] two-pence a day *.

f Putura. Food or maintenance. Blount, Putura (quasi Potura)
a custom of foresters and others to take horses and man's mieat,
&c. gratis, of tenants and neighbouring inhabitants. Ains-
w;orth's Diet, of Law Lat. E.

I]§|1 Leporarios. Greyhounds, or harehounds, Blount See p^
236.

* Rex inandat baronibus, quod allocenjt ^ichaelis prox. sequeq. utroque die coi;npUT

Roberto de Chadworth, vicecomiti Lincoln, tato; viz. pro putura cujuslibet Jeporarii et

iLVi6. VII d. quos per praeceptum Regis libe- falcoiiis per diem id. ob, et pro vadiis prj^

.ravitJohaiii)ide:Bellovento, pro putura septem dicti braceuarii per diem i id. Communia

•leporariorum .et ^iuna falconum, et alanararii, 16 Edw. I. Pasch. Rot. 10. in dorso. Bloiinl^

et pro vadiis unius braceuarii, a Pie Sanc^i J25. , . ,,

Johannk Baptistae usque ad Vigiliam Sancti , ,

c :. '. :^*:t Alanararii.

238

X^X Alanararii. A falconer. Blount. A lanier, a kind of hawk. A.
As the word is Lanarius or Lanerius, it is difficult to account
for the first vowel in Alanararii, and therefore, if there be such
a word as Aladarius, I should suspect it to be mis-read for
Aladarii, i. e. Alaudarii, meaning a hawk to fly at larks, as the
Espervarius did at sparrows, and other small birds. P.

[f] Bracenarii. A huntsman, for so Bracenarius signifies, from the
French Braconnier, which denotes the same. Blount. Keeper
of the hounds. A. Braconer. A hunter. Kelham's Norm. Fr.
Diet. E

SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK.

From the office of , in the thirty-ninth year of

Edward III. after the death of T. Lord of Fournyvale.

County of York ; The castle and lordship of Sheffield, with its
members and appurtenances, in the county of York, are
held of our lord the King in capite, as of his Crown, by
homage and fealty, and by one knight's

fee, and by the service of paying to the King and his heirs,
yearly, two white hares ^ on the feast of the Nativity of St.
John the Baptist *.

The foregoing is a translation of the title of a roll, as given in the
Oent. Mag. for 1764, p. 329, in a letter signed E. G.

* 39 Edw. III. de officio est anno tricesimo mine Regi et lieredibus suis per annum duos

nono Edvardi Tertii, post mortem T. doniini lepores albos in festo Nativitatis Sancti Jo-

de Fournyvale. Com. Ebor. Castriim et do- hannis Baptistes. From a MS. written in the

minium de Sheffield, cum membris et perti- reign of King Henry VII. by Mr. Henry

Bentibus suis in com. Ebor. tenentur de do- Jakes, in the possession of the Rev. Mr. E.

mino Rege in capite, ut de corona, per ho- Goodwin, of Sheffield, 1764. Gent. Mag.

magium et fidelitatem, et per bonum unam vol. 34, p. 329.
feodum militU et per servitium reddend. Do-

" I presume

23&

" I presume it would be a very difficult matter for the present
" owner of the castle and manor of Sheffield, to procure annually
" two white hares in this kingdom, and therefore there must be, at
" first sight, some mistake in the case. But I havie seen the ori-
" ginal, from whence the above is transcribed, and from thence
" shall give it, as it ought to be read, since of the transcript above,
" taken from the magazine, no sense can possibly be made/'

From the office of the Escheator, in the thirty-ninth year of Ed-
ward III. after the death of Thomas Lord of Fourneyvale.

County of York ; The castle and lordship of Sheffield, with its
members and appurtenances, in the county of York, are
held of the lord the King in capite, as of his Crown, by
homage and fealty, and by the service of one knight's fee,
and by the service of paying to our lord the King and his
heirs, yearly, two white greyhounds, on the feast of the
Nativity of St. John the Baptist *.

'* It stands now in the MS. Lepor, but it has been corrected
" so by some ignorant person, for originally it was Lepar, which
" means Leporarios, greyhounds, and white dogs of that species
" could easily be obtained ; it was moreover the custom of tenures,
" as appears from Blount, to present such things as hawks, falcons,

* De officio Esc. anno 39 Edwardi Tertii, Militaiis) et per servicium reddend. (reddendi)

post mortem T. doniini de Fourneyvale. Com. domino Regi, et heredibus suis per annum

Ebor. Cagtrion et dominium de Sheffield, duos Lepor. (i. e.) Leporarios) albos in festo

cum membris et pertin. (i. e. pertinenciis) suis Nativitatis Sancti Johannis Baptistse. Letter

in com. Ebor. tenentur de domino Rege in from the Rev. Mi". Pegge to the editor, 20th

capite, ut de Corona, per homagium et fide- Oct. 1781. ; .', f^

litatera et per servicium uuius feod. milit. (i. e.

" dogs,

240

** dogs, spurs, &c. See also Sir James Ware's Antiq. of Ireland,
« vol. ii. p. 16T. P."

% Notwithstanding the great scarcity of white hares in this king-
dom, as mentioned by the learned author of the above obser-
vations, yet the editor has been informed of several instances
of such creatures having been seen and caught ; and amongst
others of the following, viz. that a few years ago a white hare
was killed in a farm, called Wood-Nook, adjoining to Went-
worth Park, in Yorkshire, by Mr. William Parker, the then
occupier of that farm, and Joshua Cobb, park-keeper to the
late Marquis of Rockingham. E. And about seven years ago,
a white hare was found in the grounds near Great Aycliff, in the
county of Durham, which for upwards of two years had been
several times hunted by many dogs, and as often beat them ;
for which reason the hare was reputed a witch by the vulo-ar.
At last she was killed. Mr. Allan, of Darlington, got the skin,
had it stuffed, and hung up as a curiosity for above two years,^
till it decayed, and was throAvn away. It was not of a very white
fur, but rather a grey. A. Yet these instances are not men-
- tioned as militating against the observation of the learned author
of the above note, but merely as being matters of curiosity,
things given in tenures being usually such as are commonly had
and procured. E.p*]

[*] There is no occasion to alter words or misconstrue terms t6

rempve doubts which do not exist, as the author of the notes

in the Gentleman's Magazine has done, and I am of opinion,

that hares, and not hounds, were intended by the grant. There

' are

:24l

are two distinct species of hares in this country, the commoii
and the varying hare. The common does sometimes turn white,
but rarely, the other is smaller than the common, of a lead
colour in summer, and regularly turns whiter as the winter ap-
proaches, and in winter becomes all white, except the ears and a
bluish tinge on the ridge of the back, and regains its blue or
lead colour with the spring. This species of hare may now be
extinct in the manor of Sheffield, but it continues in the High-
lands of Scotlands, where I have often seen them, and is ac-
knowledged by naturalists to be a distinct species, called the
varying hare. W.

RIDDESDALE, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

In the tenth year of William the Conqueror, Robert de Umfranvil,
Knight, obtained from that King a grant of the lordship, valley, and
forest of Riddesdale, in the county of Northumberland, by the
service of defending that part of the country for ever from enemies
and wolves, with that sword which King William had by his side,
when he entered Northumberland, with liberty also to hold and de-
termine Pleas of the Crown *.

TURROCK, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

King Richard I. gave to Henry de Grey, of Codnor, the manor
of Turroc, in Essex; which grant King John confirmed, and by his
charter vouchsafed hina the privilege to hunt the hare and fox in any

* Testa Nevilli. Blount, 15.

II lands

242

lands belongiiig to the Crown, except the King's own demesne
parks ; a special favour in those times *.

CHESTERTON, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Gilbert le Harpour held lands in Chesterton, in the county of
Warwick, of the King by grand serjeanty, viz. to keep the place
called Teddesley Hay f , within the forest of Canoke, at his own
cost -j".

^ Hay. A separate inclosure, within a forest or park, fenced with
a rail or hedge, or both ; of which there were several An this
forest of Cank. Blount

TEYNTON, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Hugh de Kilpec holds the manor of Litde Teynton, in the county
of Gloucester, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping
the Hay of Hereford |.§^ at his own cost. He had two daughters,
who were his heirs, of whom Philip Marraion married one, and
William de Cantilupe had the custody of the other for the King '^

Ij^^X This Hay of Hereford was a great woodland ground near the
city, and heretofore reputed a forest Blount

* Carta 1 Job. m. 29. Blount, 132. sant ejus haeredes, quarum Philippus Mar-

•f- Escaet 32 Edw. 1. u. 43. Blount, 36> mien desponsavit unam, et Willielmus de Can-

;}: Hugo de Kilpec tenet manerium de Parva tilupo habet custodiam ajterius per dotn.

Teynton, in com. Glouc. de dom. Rege, per Regera. PlaO Coron, 32 Hen. IIL Rot. 10.

serjantiam servandi Hayam de Hereford ad iu dorso. Blouut, 57-

eustum suum. Idem habuit duas filiaS; quae

BUR-

243"

BURSTALL, olim FORESTALL, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

King Edward the Confessor gave the rangership of Bernwode
forest, in Bucks, with a hide of land, to Nigell and his heirs, to be
held by a horn. This Nigell had killed a large boar there, and this
was his remuneration *.

King Edward the Confessor had a royal palaee at Brill, or
Brehull) in Bucks, to which he often retired for the pleasure of
hunting in his forest of Bernwood. This forest, it is said, was
much infested by a wild boar, which was at last slain by one Nigell,
a huntsman, who presented the boar's head to the King; and for
a reward the Bang gave him one hide of arable Iand» called Dere-
hyde, and a wood called Hulewood, with the custody of the forest
of Bernwood, to hold to him and his heirs by a horn, which is the
charter of the aforesaid forest. Upon this land Nigell built a lodge,
or mansion-house, called Borestall, in memory of the slain boar.
For proof of this, in a large folio vellum book, containing tran-
scripts of charters, and evidences relating to this estate, (supposed
to have been written in or before the reign of Henry VI.) is a rude
delineation of the site of Borstall House and manor, and under it
the figure of a man, presenting, on his knees, to the King, the head
of a boar on the point of a sword, and the King returning to him a
coat of arms, argent, a fesse gules^ between two crescents, and a
horn vert.

The same figure of a boards head was carved on the head of an
old bedstead, now remaining in the tower or lodge of that antient

* Mr. Pegge*s Observations on the Horn as a charter ; Archaeologia, vol. iii. p. 3. Kenuett's-
Paroch. Antic[.

1 1 2 house

244

house or castle, and the arms are now to be seen in the windows,
and in other parts. And what is of greatest authority, the original
horn, tipt at each end with silver, gilt, fitted with wreaths of leather
to hang about the neck, with an old brass seal ring, a plate of
brass with the sculpture of an horn, and several lesser plates of
silver, gilt, with Fleurs de Lis, (supposed to be the arms of Lisures,
who intruded into this estate an office, at or soon after the Con-
quest) has been all along preserved by the lords of Borstall, under
the name of Nigell's Horn, and was in the year 1773, in the pos-
session of John Aubrey, Esq. (son and heir of Sir Thomas Aubrey,
Baronet) to whom this estate has descended, without alienation or
forfeiture, from before the Conquest to the present time, by several
heirs female, from the family of Nigell to that of Aubrey.

An inquisition was taken in the reign of King H6nry III. (A. D.
1266) in which are the following words : " Praedictus Willielmus,
" filius Nigelli, et antecessores sui, tenuerunt dictas terram et
" ballivam de domino Rege, ante tempus conquestiis Anglise per
" unum Cornu, quod est charta praedictse forestse." i. e. the afore-
said William Fitz Nigell and his ancestors, held the said land
and bailiwick of our lord the King, from before the time of the
Conquest of England, by a horn, which is the charter of the afore-
said forest *.

And in the reign of King Edward I,, John Fitz Nigell holds one
hide in Burstall, in the county of Bucks, of our lord the King, in

* Archaeologia, vol. iii. p. 1,5, where see a descrifrfion of thehora, and a genealogical ac-
print of the horn, and another of the plan of count of the families who have possessed the
Borstall above mentioned. Also a particular estate from Nigell to the present time.

the

245

the forest of Bernevvode, by the serjeanty which is called the Der-
hyde, belonging to his bailiwick of keeper of the forest, whereof
the said John was keeper in fee *.

ALREDALE, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

William de Boyville holds a serjeanty by finding a forester in
the ward of Airedale, and he takes daily, for the support of his
forester of the town' of Airedale, three-pence from the feast of St.
Michael to the feast of St. Philip and St, James the Apostles ;
and from that day to the feast of St. Michael, every day two-
pence -f-.

BECKINGTREE, HUNDRED OF, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

John le, Parker holds half a hide of land by the serjeanty of
keeping the park of our lord the King, and the out wood ^, and it
was worth yearly half a mark J.

^ Boscum Forinsecum. Outwood. E.

> * Johannes, filius Nigelli, tenet unam hi- libet die iiid. & festo Sancti Michkelis^iisc|ue

dam in Burstal', in com. Bucks, de domino ad festum apostoloriim Phillipi et Jacobi^ e^.A

Rege, in foresto de Bernewode, per serjan- die illo usque ad festum Sancti Michaelis sin-

tiam quae vocatur le Derhyde, pertinentem ad gulis diebus ii d. Plac. Cor. 20 Edw. I,'

ballivam suam de custodiendo fore&taQi, unde Cumbria. Blount, 43.

idem Johannes est custos de feodo. Plac. J Johannes le Parker tenet dtmid. hidam

Coron. in com. Bucks, 14 Edw. I. Blount, terrje, per serjantiam custodiendi parcum do-

41. mini Regis et Boscum Forinsecum, et valet

f Willielmus de Boyvile tenet unam serjan- per annum dimidiam marcam. Plac. Cor.

tiam, inveniendi unum forestarium in warda 11 Hen. III. Rot. 1. apud Cfaelmesford.

de Airedale, et capit per diem, ad sustenta- Blount, 50.
tioncm forestarii sui de villa de Airedale, quo- ,t)i.j>iii j , < .

^" ''"'"'' " " EIVFIELD,"

246

ENFIELD, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Richard de Plessetis holds twenty pound lands in Enefend, in
the county of Middlesex, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty
of being Chief Forester of the King, in the forests of Menedop,
Exemore, Rychiche, and Selewode, in the county of Somerset*.

FROLLEBURY, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Henry de Edmunsthorpe holds one yard-land in FroUebury, in
the county of Southampton, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's
forest of Wytel -f-.

BOREBACH and CONELESFELD, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Henry Sturmey, and 31. his wife, hold of our lord the King in
capite, the manors of Borebach and Conelesfeld, with the appur-
tenances, in the county of Wilts, by the service of keeping the
bailiwick of the whole forest of Savernake, and the farm ^ which
is called la Verme, in the forest aforesaid, and also by the service
of finding one man armed with a coat of mail HI], when the lord the
King should require him, on this side the sea: and for the keeping
of the forest and farm ^ aforesaid, they are to enjoy all the.
rights and appurtenances under-written. All the foresters in fee

* Ricbardus de Plessetis tenet viginti li- lapideam. See p. 73. Rot. 15. Blount, 65.''
tkratas terras in Enefend, in com. Middlesex, -f Henricus de Edmunsthorpe tenet unam

de domino Rege, per serjantiam essendi capi- virgatam terras in FroUebury, in com. South-

talis forestarius domini Regis in forestis de ampton, per serjantiam custodiendi forestam '

Menedop, Exemore, Rychiche, et Selewode, domini Regis de Wytel. Plac. Cor. 8 Edw. I.=

in com. Somerset. Plac. Coron, apud Crucera Rot. 23. Blount, 85.

^47

of the whole forest aforesaid, are to be attendant upon, and an-
swerable to them, as to the chief forester of the forest afore-
said ; and they are to have the horse and furniture, saddle, bridle,
sword, and horn of the foresters in fee when they die : and they are
to have their estovers, housebote, and heybote, through the whole
bailiwick aforesaid, and all amerciaments for defaults made in
the court of the forest aforesaid : and all pleas of hares, nets -f-f-,
terriers ^., badgers §|, foxes, wild cats **, and partridges : and
all amerciaments for the escapes of wild beasts [:^.], and for dead
wood'f-.i.f, through the whole year, except in the fence-month :|,§:|: :
and to have all their cattle, except sheep and goats, in the forest
aforesaid, quit of herbage through the year ; and their hogs quit of
pawnage through the whole year, except the fence-month. And
they are- to have the estrays through all the forest aforesaid, and
the amerciaments for the expeditating *** dogs, and the aieries
of sparhawks, honey, and nuts, and hips ||:|:|1, through all the forest
aforesaid, after every regard J^ made ; and to have their chace
through the whole bailiwick of the forest aforesaid, at hares, foxes,
wild cats **, badgers §§, and all «uch-like vermin. And they are to
have the dead wood in the aforesaid farm of the Verme, for thre^
weeks before the feast of St. Michael, to be felled without a tool.
And they are to have in the same farm whatsoever is blown down by
the wind, except the woodfall ^{-4-» which belongs to our lord the
King. And, after-pawnage ^, from the feast of St. Martin unto
the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Mary. And all the
croppings or boughs of timber '^]^^. felled for the use of our lord
the King, or given by the King. And liberty to dig for gravel [*],
and toll for passage ^|||, through all the farm aforesaid : and the

pasturag^p

248

pasturage of a certain nook (or corner) = of heath ground beyond
Colput, &c *

% Farm. Censariam. See Ains. Diet, of Law Lat.

nil Hominem armatum ad Loricam. Armed with a coat of mail.
Blount.

Lorica. A coat of mail, either composed of ringlets of iron or
small plates like scales, sewed on leather, so as to lap over each
other. Grose's Milit. Antiq. vol. i. p. 10, note (p.)

* Henricus Sturmy, et M. uxor ejus, tenent
de domino Rege in capite maneria de Bore-
bach et Conelesfeld, cum pertin. in com.
Wiltes, per servitium custodiendi balivam
totius forestae de Savernake, et Censariam,
quae vocatur la Verme in foresta prasdicta, et
etiam per servitium inveniendi ununi hominem
armatum ad loricam, quando dominus Rex,
cum habere voluerit, citra mare. Pro qua
quidem custodia Forestze et Censariae praedictae
habere debent omnia jura et pertinentia sub-
scripta. Omnes forestarii de feodo totius fo-
restae prsedictae, erunt eis intendentes et re-
spondentes, tanquam capitali forestario fo-
restae prajdictae, et debent habere equitaturam,
sellam, frenum, gladium, et cornu forestario-
rum de feodo cum obierint. Et debent habere
estoverium suum ad housebote et heybote,
per totaui balivam prasdictam, et omnia amer-
ciamenta facta in curia forestas praedictae de
defaltis. Et omnia placita de leporibus,
rechibus, heymectis, tessonibus, vulpibus,
murilegis, et perdicibus, et omnia amercia-
meuta de escapiis animalium, et mortuo
bosco, per totum annum, excepto mense
vetito. Et omnia averia sua, exceptis biden-
tlbus et capris, in foresta praedicta quieta de her-

bagio per annum, et porcos suos quietos depan-
nagio per totum annum, excepto mense vetito.
Et debent habere extrahuras per totam forej-
tam praedictam, et amerciamenta de expedi-
tatione canum, et aeria espervariorum, mel
et nuces et cyppos, per totam forestam prjp-
dictam, post quodlibet regardum factum.
Et habent cliaceam suam per totam balivam
forestae praedictae ad lepores, vulpes, muri-
legos, tessones, et ad omnimodas hujusmodi
vermes. Et debent habere mortuum boscum
in praedicta censaria de la Verme, per tres
Septimanas ante festum Sancti Michaelis,
sine utensili prosternendum. Et debent ha-
bere in eadem censaria quicquid vento pros-
ternitur praeter cablicium quod pertinet ad
dominum Regem. Et retropannagium a
festo Sancti Martini usque ad festum Purifi-
cationis Beatae Mariae. Et omnes Cooper-
tiones de maeremio prostrato ad opus domini
Regis, vel date per dominum Regem. Et
sabulonarium, et chyminagium per totam
censariam praedictam. Et pasturam cujus-
dam anguli bruerae extra Colput, &c. Bundei.
Petit. Pari, ann, incerto Edw. III. in Turrae.
Blount, 88.

Loricam

249

Loricam consertam hamis, auroque trilicem.

Virgil JEneid. lib. iii. v. 67.

Rutulum thoraca indutus ahenis,

Horrebat squammis. Lib. xi. v. 487.

Isidorus. Squamma est lorica ex laminis sereis vel ferreis conca-
tenata, in modum squammarum piscis. Milit. Antiq. vol. ii. p.
245, notes x, y.

ff Rechibus. Blount. Rethibus. A. Nets.

XX Heymectis, (from the British Amhach) a terrier. E. Lhuyd's
Archseol. fo. 426.

§1 Tessonibus. Badgers. Blount. From the French Taisson, or
Tesson, the same. 4 Inst. 294.

** Murilegis. Wild cats. Blount. So called a legendo mures, of
catching mice. 4 Inst. 294.

[I] De Escapiis Animalium. For the escapes of wild beasts*
Blount.

•f-.j.'i^ Mortuo Bosco. Dead wood. Blount.

X^X' Mense vetito. The Fence Month (or forbidden Month) which
was from fifteen days before Midsummer Day, to fifteen days
after, and was also called Tempus de Foyneson, because the
deer did then fawn, or bring forth their young. Blount.

*** Amerciamenta de Expeditatione Canum. Expeditating dogs
was the cutting out of the ball of tlieir fore feet, to prevent
them from running after game. Cromp. Jurisdict. 152. Jac.
Law Diet. &c. E.

11+11 ^yPP^**' Hips. Blount. Pi-obably mis-read for Hyppos. P.

J^ Regardum. Regard. Blount. Visitation by the foresters. A. :
J ;'- K K 4-4- Cablicium.

250

.\4- Cablicium. Woodfall. A. Cablicia, plu. A sort of brush-
wood, or wind-fallen wood. Cablish. Ainsworth's Law Lat.
Diet. E.

Retropannagiam. This reti'o-paunage, I suppose, is the latter
or after-paunage. For paunage begins at Michaelmas and ends
at St. Martin's, in which time the beech-mast and acorns are
ripe and fall. And retro-paunage begins at St. Martin's and ends
at Candlemas, in which time hips and haws, and such-like
berries, yield some nutriment to swine and poultry. Blount.

^X Coopertiones de Maeremio. Crops of wood or timber. Blount.
Quaere if not mis-read for cropertiones ? P.

[*] Sabulonarium. Liberty to dig gravel or sand. Blount. From
sabulum, fine gravel. Ains. A.

§1I§ Chyminagium. (From the French chemin, a way or road.) Is
a toll due by custom, for having a way through a forest. Jac
Law Diet. E.

= Angulum Bruerse. A nook of heath ground. Blount.

WORMHILL, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Some persons formerly held lands at Wormhill, by the service
of hunting and taking of wolves, from whence those persons were
called Wolvehunt, as is manifest from the records of the Tower*.

And Nicholas Foljambe holds one messuage and thirty acres of
land in Wormhill, by the service of keepmg the forest of High
Peak in the Champion ^, with a bow and arrows, i&c -f-.

* Camd. Brit. tit. Derbyshire. rest, de Alto Pecco in Campana, cum arcu et

•}• Nicholus Foljambe tenet un. mess, et sagitta, &c. Ex recojd. in Turr. Lend. 13
XXX acr. terr. iu Wormhill, per custod. fo- .Edw. II. MS, penes F. F. Foljambe, Arm.

fin

251

f In Caiijpana. This may be rendered in the Champion, from th^
Fr. Campagne, vide Du Fresne, vol. ii. col. 99. P.

DELAMERE, THE FOREST OF, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

The Dones of Utkinton were foresters by inheritance of this
forest; they were of an honourable family, descended from Ra-
nulph of Kingleigh, to whom Ranulph the first [de Meschines] Earl
of Chester gave the inheritance of that office of forester*. Mr.
Cole -j- says, that in 1755, being at Torporley in Cheshire, he took
notice of these arms in one of the windows ; argent a bugle horn
stringed sable : they were also painted on the walls of the church.
His late worthy friend, that good antiquary, Mr. John Allen, rector
of the parish, and senior fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, told
him, that they belonged to the lords of the manor of Utkington, in
this parish, as hereditary foresters of the forest of Delaraere in
that neighbourhood. He afterwards shewed him the horn of
office itself in the library at Utkington, since pulled down, and
lately belonging to Sir John Crew, a curious antiquary of that
county, and a descendant from the family of Done of Utkington. On
Sir John Crew's decease, it came to the present possessor, his heir,
John Arden, of Yorkshire, Esq. descended from the Done family,
who has now this horn in his possession. By a monument in Tor-
porley church, it appears that Sir John Done, who died in 1629,
bore the said coat on an escutcheon of pretence over his own quar-
terinffs, as chief forester of Delamere. The office and estate came
to Henry Done, by Johanna daughter of Richard de Kingley, about
1233. Utkington, with the village of Kingley or Kingsiey, was
given by Randal Meschines iJarl of Chester to Randal de Kingsiey,

* Camd. Brit. tit. Cheshire. I. to the cathedral of Carlisle, Archaelogia,

t Mr. Cole, on the Horns, given by Henry vol. v. pp. 343, 344.

K K 2 together

252

together with the bailiwick of the forest of Delamere. It appears
by a deed (6 Edw. II.) that Richard Done held the fifth part of the
Tillage of Kingsley, &c. by a quarter part of a knight's fee, and the
master forestership of Mere [Delamere] and Mottram by himself
and an horseman and eight footmen under him, to keep the forest,
then valued at £10. 10s. 3d.

WRITTEL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Bryan Aquarius (the Waterman) holds the land which belonged
to Walter de Martinwas', in Writtel, by the serjeanty of the forester-
ship, and by twenty shillings rent*.

WHITFIELD, COUNTY OF DERBY.

John Foljambe, Esq. holds one messuage in Whitfield, and two
oxgangs of land there, by the service of keeping the King's forest
in Longdendale, in the forest of High Peak -f.

HATFIELD, olim HETHFELD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Godfrey de Earenton (Barrington) holds half a yard land in
Ilethfield, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's park, and wood
in the same town .]:.

HAVERING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William Hures holds his tenement in Havering by the serjeanty
of keeping the park §.

* Bryanus Aquarius tenet terram que fuit J Gofridus de Baientou tenet dimid. virgat.

Walteri de Martinwas in Writele, per serj.in- in Helhfeld, per serjantiain custodiendi par-

ciam forestarise, et per XX sol. Ex Lib. Rub. cum Regis et boscuni in eadeui villa. Ex

Scacc. Append to Brady's Introduct. fo. 23. Lib. Rub. de Scacc. Append, to Brady's In-

f Jolianues Eoljambe tenet un'. messuagium troduct. fo. 23.
in Whitfield, et ii bovat' lerrae per servic'. § ^Viilielmus Hures tenet tenementumsuum

custod. foiestam Regis in Longdendale, in fo- in Havering per serjantiain custodieudi par-

resta deAltoPecGo. Ex Record in Tiirr. Lond. cum. Ibid. 24.
2 Edw. 11. MS. penes F. F. Foljambe, Arm. John

253

John Derwine holds his tenement there by serjeanty of keeping
the Outwood f * .
^ See note under Beckingtree, p. 245.

FOREST or CANNOK, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

Humfrey Swynerton, son and heir of Anne, who was the wife of
John Mytton, deceased, and before late wife of Thomas Swynerton,
father of the aforesaid Humfrey, acknowledged that he hejd of the
King in capite, the bailiwick and stewardship of the forest of
Cannok, in the, county of Stafford, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the
service of being steward and bailiff of the forest aforesaid f-.

HOPE, COUNTY OF DERBY.

William Heyr held lands in the town of Hope, by the service of
keeping the Forest of High Peak in Hopdale X'

HUNTINGDON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

Richard Lytelton, and Alicia his wife, daughter and heir of Wil-
liam Wynwesbury, acknowledged that they held, as in right of her
the said Alicia, one messuage, one yard land, and twenty-seven
shilUngs rent in Huntingdon, in the county of Stafford, of the King
in capite, by grand serjeanty, viz. to keep the hay^ of Tedesley
in the forest of Cannok, in the county aforesaid §,

^ Hayara. See note on Brodgate Park.

*Johannes Derwine tenet tenementum suutn serianciana, viz. per servic' essendi senescallus

ibidem per serjantkm custodiendi forinsecum et baliivus foreste predicte. Pasch. fin. anno

boscuni. Ex Lib. Rttb.deScacc. Append, to 19 Hen. VII. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

Brady's Introduct. fo. 23. 3 1 74, p. 20.

■j- Humfridus Swynerton, filius et heres J Wiliielmus Heyr ten' terras in villa de

Annae, que fuit uxor Johannis Mytton de- Hope, per serj.custod. forestam de Alto Pecco

functj, et antea nuper uxor Thomae Swyner- in Hopdale. Esch. anno 26 Edw. I. Ibid,

ton, patris predict! Hiimfridj, cognovit se te- No. £037, p. 42.

nere de Rege in capite ballivam senescalcie ^ Ricardus Lytelton et Alicia uxor eius,

foreste de Cannok in com. Staff, per magnam filia et heres Willielnii Wynnesbury, cognove-

runt

254

GILLINGHAM, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Walter Joce held of the King in capite one carueate of land in
the manor of Gillingham, and he was to keep the forest and
deer |||§ at his proper costs *.

§||§ Venationem. Deer, See note on Stanhope.

WELDON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON

William Danvers held the manor of Weldon by the service of
being the King's huntsman, or keeper of his buck hounds, and he
was to have in his keeping twent;j-four buck hounds, and six hare
dogs or greyhounds -f.

Richard Pexsall, Esq. son and heir of Ralph Pexsall, and
Editha his wife, held as of the inheritance of the said Editha, the
manor of Little AVeldon with the appurtenances, in the county of
Northampton, of the King, by th« service of keeping and feeding,
at their proper costs, fifteen running or hunting dogs, of our lord
the King, in the time of Lent J.

runt se tencreut in iure ipsiiis Alicie, uniim f Willielmus Danvers tenuit m.de WeJdon,
mess', unam yirgat'. terr' et xxvijs. redd', in pfir«er.' essendi venator R. de canibus suis da-
Huntingdon, in .com. Staff, de R. in tapite, matias habend. in custodia sua 24 canes dama-
per magnam serianciam, viz. custodiendi hay- rios et sex leporarios. Esc. anno 35 Edw.
ain de Tedesley in foresta de Cannok, in com. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Miis. No. 2087, p. 137.
predicto. Mich'is fin.anno 19 Regis Henrici J Ricardus Pexsall, ar'.filius etheres Radulfi
VII. Rotulo quarto. Hail. MS. Brit. Mua. Pexsall, ar'. et Edithe uxoris eius, tenet de
No. 5174, p. 19. hered. dicte Edithe m. de Parva Weldon cum
* Walter Joce tenuit de R. in capite unam pertin'. in com. predicto, de Rege, per servi-
car'. terr'. in maner'. de Gellingham, et cus- .cium custodiendi et pascendi sumptibfis suis
todiet forestam virid. et venae, ad proprium proprijs, tjuindecim canes currentes dni R.
custum, &c. Abridg. Inquis. post mortem, per 40 dies, tempore Quadragesimalj. Michi's
County of Somerset, anno 49 Edw. III. Ibid. fin. anno 31 Hen, VUI, Ibid, No, 5174, p.
No, 4120, p. 8. 56,

255

At tlie Coronation of Ring James II. the lord of the manor of
Littl6 Weld(Hi, who at that time was also seised of the bailiwit;ks
of keeper of the King's buck hounds, claimed to be keeper and
master of the same, and to keep twenty-four buck hounds, and
sixteen harriers, and to have certain fees and liveries for himself
and servants ;. which claim was at that time disallowed, as not re-
speesting the Coronation, but the claimant was left to take his course
at law, if he thought fit *.

ANGORTBY, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

.Peter de Mundevil holds three oxgangs of land in capite, of our
lord the King, in Angortby, by the service of a brachet ^ of one
c^our -f.

f Brachettum. See note on Wodeham Mortimer, p. 234.

QUEENHtJLL, COUNTY OF WORCESTER.

In the 13th year of King Edward II. William de Kerdyff, who
held the manor of QUeenhuU in Worcestershire, of the King, by
the service of rendering yearly a dog de mota§||§, rendered at the
Exchequer six dogs de mota for six years past, which were de-
livered to Sir David de Betoigne to be carried to the King, who
was then in Kent '^.

* Qent. Mag. vol; »xxi. p. 323. servicium leddendi domino Regi per annum

i- Petrns' de Mundevill tenet tres bovatas unum canem de mota, reddidit hie ad Scac<

in capite de dno Bege in Angortby, per ser- carium- jixix" die Octobris sex canes de mota

vicium unius berachat unius coloris. Inquis. pro sex annis prseteritis. Et memorandum

temp. Hen. UI. DeHonore Lancastr. extra quod praedicti canes liberaatur -eodem die

Lijo^a^n., Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 5172, Davidr de Betoygne, militi, ad ducendum do-

p. 19^ n>ini I^egi existenti in comitatu Kanciae; in

J Wygomia. Redditus. Witlielmus filius partibus de ledes. Trin. Visores, 15 Edw. II.

ct heres Paulini de KerdyflT, qui tenet mane- Rot. 28, a, Madox's Hist, Excheq. p. 6l2,

lium de QueenhuU in comitatu Wygornise per and note.

Mota,

256

Mota, or Muta, according to the barbarous and now obsolete
Latinity of the antient Law-lexicographers, appears to have*
been used indiscriminately for a mew or kennel. The former
is known to have been a place for feeding and training hawks ;
the latter for keeping hounds or dogs used in hunting. The
editor, aware of this exposition, felt a powerful inducement to
alter the translation from a dog de mota, as it now stands, to a
" dog of the kennel," which he presumed to think would
have been more consonant with the original etymon of the
word mota, and more illustrative of the usages which pre-
vailed at a time when falconry and hunting were not only the
principal amusements of the great, but were in a great measure
confined to them, and prohibited to their inferiors. A dog de
mota, therefore, might, it is submitted, be with great propriety,
and in the sense suggested by the editor, " a dog of the kennel," as
contradistinguished to animals of the same species, which were
not congregated or trained in kennels as hunting dogs were.
But the editor's respect for Mr. Madox's translation, and diffi-
dence of his own abihties, has induced him to leave the trans-
lation as he found it, with this note as to the pi'obable sig-
nification of the passage.

STANFFORDE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Hugh Pantulf holds Stanfforde by the gift of King Henry, father
of King John, by the service of one brachet*.

* Hugo Pantulfus tenet Stanfforde de dono Serianciis, &c. temp. Hen. H. Harl. MS.
Henrici Regis patris Regis Johannis, per ser- Brit. Mus. p. 32.
vicium unius bracheti. Testa de Nevil. De

SOUTH-

257

SOUTHWARK, THE BOROUGH OF.

Thomas English, son and heir-male of William English, deceased,
acknowledged himself to hold, and his said father to have held the
day he died, a certain annual rent of ten pounds, with the appur-
tenances, in the vill of Southwark, to be received in fee from the
fee-farm of the vill of Southwark, by the hands of the sheriff
of London, farmer of the same vill, by grand serjeanty, viz. by
the service of keeping certain greyhounds, or harehounds ^ of the
King, at the command of our said lord the King *.

f Leporarius. See note on Lincoln, p. 237.

HIGHTESTY, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON,

"Was held upon condition to find dogs for the destruction of
wolves, foxes, &c. -f-

BICKNOR, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Cecilia Muchgrave held the manor of Bicknor of the King in
capite, by the service of fifteen shillings, to be paid yearly, viz. by
the serjeanty of keeping a certain wood, in the forest of Deane,
by means of one man with a bow and arrows %.

* Thomas Englidi, filius et Jieres niasculus Begis. Trin. fua^ axmo ] 7 Hen. VII. Harl.

Willielmi finglish defunctj, cognovit se tenere MS. Brit. Mms. No. 5174, pp. 18, 19.
et dictam patrem suum tenuisse, die quo obijt, + Camd. Brit. p. 5?5.

quendam annualem redd'. £x cum pertin'. in ;{: Cecilia Muchgrave ten', m. de Bicknojr

iriJla de Suthwerke piiecipiend. de feod. iir- de R. in capite, per servic'. xvs. annuatim

ma dfi villa de Suthwerke, per roanus vie'. solvend. per seriantiam, viz. custod. quends^qi

X^ndpiii firmar' eiusdein ville, per magnam JjQsci in foresta de Deane, per unum hotnineo^

SerianciiHn, viz. per servicium custodiendi cum arcu et sagittis, 30 Edw. I. Cptton^

Queitd' i^^raciuin B. .ad maodat' ipsius dni MS. Brit. Mus. Titus, C. x. p. 17.

L L MIDDELTON

258

MIDDELTON LILLEBON, COUNTY OF WILTS.

William Michell, son and heir of John Michell, made fine with
the King, by two shillings, for his relief for one messuage, forty
acres of land, one acre of meadow, and two shillings and one penny
rent in Middelton Lillebon, held of the King in capite, by the ser-
jeanty of keeping his wolf dogs §11§*.

§1|§ Canes luparios. The same as canes luporarios. See note on
Boyton, p. 236.

MANSFIELD WOODHOUSE, COUNTY OF NOT-
TINGHAM.

Alan, son and heir of Walter de Wulf hunte ^, made fine with
the King by two shillings and four-pence for his relief for one
messuage and one oxgang of land with the appurtenances in Mam-
mesfeld Woodhous, in the county of Nottingham, which the afore-
said Walter held of the King in capite, by the service of hunting
wolves out of the forest of Shirewood, if he should find any of
them -f •.

^ It is probable that the persons called Wolvehunt, mentioned by
Camden as holding lands at Wormhill in the county of Derby,
(see p. 251.) were ancestors of, or descendants from this Walter
de Wulfhunte.

* Willielnms Michell, filius et lieres Jo- hunte, fecit finem cum Regeper2s. 4d. pro

})|annis M ichell, fecit finem cum Rege per ij s. relevio suo pro uno messuagio et una bovata

de relevio suo de uno messuagio, xl acr'. terr'. terras cum pertinentijs in Mammesfeld VVode-

una acr'. prati, ijs. id. redd, in Middelton hous in com. predicto, q. dictus Walterus

Xiillebon teiit de Rege in capite, per seijan- tenuit de Rege in capite, per servitium fugandi

tiam custodiendi canes luparios Regis. De lupos extra forestam de Shirewode, si aliquis

termino Mich, anno 14 Edw. II. Harl. MS. eos invenerit. De termino Trin. anno 21

Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 80. Edw. IIJ. Rot. 1". Harl.. MS. :^rit. Mus.

t Alanus, filius et heres Waltcri de Wulf- No. 34, p. 166.

LANGELEY,

259

LANGELEY, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Thomas de Langeley, son and heir of John de Langeley, held
(amongst other things) the manor of Langeley, in the county of
Oxford, and one hide of land in the hamlet of Middleton, by the
service of bearing a horn to keep the forest of Whichewode *.

SAINT BRIAVELS, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Robert le Bocer, son and heir of William Bocer, made fine by
one mark for his relief of land, which he holds of the King in
capite, in the forest of St. Briavels, by the service of finding One
footman to keep the forest aforesaid -j^.

WELINGTON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Roger le Forester, of Wellington, gave to our lord the King one
mark for relief for his lands and tenements in Wellington, held of,
the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the hay §1|§ in the forest
of Wrokene |..

||1§ Heyam. The same as Hayam. See note on Huntingdon, p. 254.

PATTON, COUNTY OF WILTS.

John de Putton, son and heir of William de Putton, deceased,

* Thomas de Langeley, filius et heres Jo- pile de foresta Sancti Briavell, per servic'. in-

hannis de Langeley, ten', manerio de Langeley veniendi unum hominem peditem ad custo-

in com. predicto, et unam hidam terr'. in ham- diam forestze praedictse. De termino Mich,

letto de Middleton de Rege, per servitium por- anno 16 Edw. L Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit,

tandi cornu ad faciend'. custod'. foreste de Mus. No. 34, p. 5.

Whichewode, &c. De termino Pasche, anno | Rogerus le Forester de Wellington dat

5 Edw. ill. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. domino Regi unam marcam de relevio suo pro

No. 34, p. 111. ter'. et ten't. suis in Wellington lent de Rege,^

-f- Robertus le Bocer, filius et heres Willi- per serjantiam custodiendi heyam in foresta

elmi Bocer, iinem fecit per unam marcam pro de Wrokene. De termino Mich, anno 21

relevio suo deter', quam de Rege tenet in ca- Edw. L Ibid. p. 14.

L. L 2 made

260

made fine with our lord the King by thirty shillings for his relief
(amongst other things) of all the lands and tenements which the
said William his father held of the King in capite the day he died,
viz. for one messuage and one yard land in Patton, in the county
of Wilts, which he held of the King in capite by the service of
one horseman and one footman to keep the forest of our lord the
Kino- in Clarendon, at the proper costs of the said John *.

LAXTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Sir Thomas de Aylesbury, knight, and Katherine his wife, held
of the King in capite, as of his crown, the manor of Laxton
(amongst other things) with the appurtenances, in the county of
Northampton, by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of taking
wolves, foxes, wild cats ^, cats, and other vermin, in the counties
of Northampton, Rutland, Oxford, Essex, Huntingdon, and Buck>
ingham -f-.

f Murilegus. See note on Borebach, &c. p. 249.

SAINT BRIAVELS, CO€NTY OF GLOUCESTER.

William de Stanry, son and heir of William de Stanry, gave to

• Johannes de Putton, filius et Iieves Willi- Pasche, anno 35 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit,

elmi de Puttoiij defuncti, finem fecit cum do- Mus. No. .S4, pp. 45, 46.

mino R«ge per xxx s. pro reievio suo de om- f Thomas de Aylesbury, chr'. et Katerina

nibiis ter*. et teii. quod dictus Wiliielmus pater uxor ejus, tenuerunt de Rege in capite, ut de

tenuit de Rege in capite die quo obijt, viz. de corona sua, manerium de Laxton cum pertin'.

uno niessuagio, et una virgat. ter'. in Patton in in com. Northt.' per magnam serjantiam, viz.

com. Wiltes, q. ten. de Rege in capite, per per servitium capiendi lupos, vulpes, murele-

servitiiun unius equitis et unius peditis custod'. gos, catos, et alia vermina, in com. Northt.

forestam domini Regis de Clarendon, ad ciis- Rotel. Oxon. Essex, Hunt, et Buk. De ter-

to8 proprio'i ipsius Johannis. De termino mino Pasche, amio 30 Hen, IV. Ibid. p. 363^

the

261

the King twenty shillings for his relief for certain lands and tene-
ments at St. Briavels, held of the King in capite by the serjeanty
of being his forester in the forest of Deene, and making attach-
ments of the vert JIJ and venison, and leading the persons attached
to the Castle of St. Briavels *.

$§| Vert, (Fr. verd, i. e. viridis, otherwise called green hue.)
Every thing that grows and bears green leaf within the forest,
that may cover a deer. Vert is also sometimes taken for that
power which a man hath by the King's grant to cut green wood
in the forest. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo.

MORTON AND ELERKEY, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

William Larcedekene, brother and heir of Stephen Larcedekene,
(amongst other things) holds Morton and the manor of Elerkey of
the King and his heirs, by the yearly rent of one hare dog or grey-
hound [*], to be paid at Easter, at Bodmyn, by the hands of the
steward of the said county of Cornwall, for all services f-

[*] Leporarius. See note on Lincoln, p. 237.

COMELESSEND, COUNTY OF HANTS.

William de Limeres held of the King in capite, in the county of

* Willielrnus de Stanry, filius et heres Wil- -f Willielmus Larcedekene, frater et heres

Helmi de Stanry, dat Regi xx s. pro relevio pro Stephani Larcedekene, tenet Morton et ma-

quibusdam ter.' et ten. apud Sanctum Bria- nerium de Elerkey de Rege et heredibus suis,

vellum teiit. de Rege in capite, per serjantiam an. redd, iiniun leporarium ad festunj Pasche,

essendi forestarius Regis in foresta de Deene, apud Bodmyn, per manus Senescalli ipsius

et faciendl attach', de virid, et venatione, et com. Cornub. pro omnibus servitijs. De ter-

ducendi attachiatos adCastrum deSanctoBri- mino Hil. anno 2 Ric. II. Harl. MS. Briti

avello. De termino Trin. anno 3 Edw. 11. Mus. No. 34, p. 276.

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 56.

Southampton,

262

Southampton, one carucate of land in Comelessend, by the service
of hunting the wolf with the King's dogs *.

WHITFIELD, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Humphrey de Monte (or Malmains) held the manor of Whitfield,
with the appurtenances, by the serjeanty of bringing one !)rachet
for the use of our lord the King, when the same lord the King
should choose to receive it to hunt the stag hind %, buck, and doe -f-.

f^ Bissa, (a Grail. Bische) cerva major, a hynd. Blount's Law Diet,
sub. verbo.

GUEDDING, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Richard Engaine holds one hundred shillings of land, in the
town of Guedding, by the serjeanty of taking wolves, and he was
to do this service daily X-

* Willielmus de Litneres tenuit de R. in ca-
in com, Southampton, 1 caruc. terr. in Co-
melessend, per servic'. fugandi ad Iiipum cum
canibus Regis. Esc. temp. H. R. fil. R.
Johannis, Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 708,
p. 8.

+ Umfridus de Monte ten', maner'. de White-
feld cum pertin'. per serjantiam affectadi

unum bracketum ad opus dHi'Reg'. cum ipse
dns Rex preceperit ad currend'. ad cervum et
bissam etdamum et damam. Testa de Nevil,
p. 28.

J Ricaidus Engaine habet in villa de Gued-
ding c s. terre per serjant'. capiendi lupos, et
facit servic'. suum cotidie. Ibid. p. 358.

SECT.

263

' SECT. X.

Of Petit Ssijeanfies, performed hy keeping for, and
., , delivering Hawks, S^c. to, the King,

EGMUND AND NEWPORT, COUNTY OF SALOP.

King Henry III. gave to Henry de Alditheley (ancestor to the
Lord Audley, Earl of Castle-Haven) the lordships of Egmundun
and Newport, in the county of Salop, for the yearly rent of a
mewed sparhawk, to be delivered into the King's Exchequer every
year at the feast of St. Michael *.

EASTBRIG, COUNTY OF KENT.

Hubert de Burgo, Earl of Kent, had a grant in fee from King
Henry III. of the manor of Eastbrig, in Kent, to hold by the ser-
vice of a sore f sparhawk, at Lammas yearly ^.

^ I suppose it should be soar, which may mean one trained for the
net, and taught to soar to make the game sit close. This term I
see several times occurs, and is called sore by Blount. W.

WILTS, THE COUNTY OF.

The county of Wilts antiently paid to the King ten pounds for a
hawk, twenty shillings for a sumpter horse *|, one hundred shillings
for hay, and in money five ores ||§|| %.

* Carta, 11 Hen. III. p. 1. M. 5. Blount, t Carta, 17 Hen. HI. p. 1. M. 24. Blount,

10. 12.

X Domesday,, tit. Wiltes. Blount, 22.

f Pro

264

f Pro Summario. For a sumpter horse. Blount. Summarius
rather means a liorse for caniage, than what we now call a
sumpter horse, or lead horse. E.

11§11 This ore was a Saxon coin, valued at xvid. a piece, and
sometimes, according to the variation of the standard, at xx d.
Blount.

STANDEBURY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Robert de Tadeshale holds twenty pounds of land in Standebury,
in the county of Berks, of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of
keeping one girefaleon for him *.

HERTRUG, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Philip de Hertrug held certain land in Hertrug, in the county of
Berks, which was worth forty shillings a year, by the serjeanty of
mewing and keeping one goshawk §:J:§ for the lord the King -f.

Ill Osturcum. A pad, a Spanish gennet. A hawk rather. R.
Often written Asturcus. Spelnian, p. 441. See likewise the
two following pages-

WILBURGHAM-MAGNA, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

William Loveday holds one messuage and eighty acres of land
in Great Wilburgham, in the county of Cambridge, of our lord

* Robertas de Tadeshale tenet viginti li- f Philippus de Hertrug tenurt quandam

bratas terra in Standebury, in com. Berks, de terratn iti Hertrug, in com. Berks, -quae valet

domino Kege, per serjantiatB custediendi per ann. xls. per serjantiam njutandi et cus-

unum girefalconein pro domino Rege. Piac. todiendi unum osturcum domini Regis. Plac.

Coroa. *pud Windesor, 12 Edw. I. Blount, Coron. apud Windesor, 12 Edw. 1. Rot. 4(3.

37. Blount, 40.

the

265

Ihe Kiog in capite, by. the serjeanty ol" finding a sore sparhawk,
and carrying it to the King's court, and there staying twelve days,
with two horses, two boys Jl]|:, and two greyhounds f , at the cost
of the King*.

1^\X Duobus Garcionibus. Two boys or grooms. Blount.

^ Duobus Leporariis. Two harehounds or greyhounds. Blount.

RAGHTON, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

Simon de Raghton, and Sir Robert de la Ferte, and Ivo son of
Hugh de Fornecostes, hold one petit serjeanty in Raghton in the
county of Cumberland, by keeping the King's aeries of goshawks ||§|[.
And it was worth yearly nine shillings, which they paid at the King's
Exchequer -f.

I|§1J Aerias Austurcorum Domini Regis. The King's aeries of
goshawks, (or falcons, as some will have it) from the French
■ Austour, a goshawk. Blount.

The goshawk has various names, and is called L'Autour by Buffon,
and Astiir by Brissoh, and there can be no doubt but that
Osturcum here means the same, as is evident from looking; at
the note to p. 267. W.

* WiTlielmus Loveday tenet unani messua- f Simon de Raghton, et dominus Robertus

gium et octoginta acras terra in magna Wil- de la Ferte, et Ivo filius Hugonis de Forne-

biiroham, in com. Cantabr. de dominp Rege. costes, tenent unam parvam serjantiam in

'ill capite, per serjantiam inveniendi sperva- Raghton, in com. Cumbria, custodiendi aerias

rjum sonim, et cum hoc fecerit deferet ilium austercorum domini Regis. Et valet per ann.

ad curiam domini Regis, et ibidem faciei mo- ix s. quos reddit ad Scaccarium domini Regis,

ram per xii dies, cum duobus equis, iluobus Plac. Coron. 20 Edw. I. Cumbria. Blount,

garcionibus, et duobus leporariis^ ad Custam 42.
domini Regis. Plac, Coron, 21 Edw. I. Cant.

Blount, 42, •■ . .. SALING,

■■ ■' M 51

266

SALING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Ralph Picot holds one carucate of land in Saling, in the county
of Essex, by the serjeanty of keeping one sparhawk, at the cost of
our lord the King. And the King was to find him maintenance for
three horses, three grooms, and three greyhounds ^. And the said
Ralph was to mew the said sparhawk at his own proper costs *.

% Tres Garciones et tres Leporarios. Three boys or grooms, and
three hounds for the hare, or greyhounds. Blount.

PECKHAM, COUNTY OF KENT.

John Peckam holds the manor of Peckam, in the county of
Kent, in capite of our lord the King, by the service of mewing
one goshawk J§|; yearly -f*.

X%X Servitium mutandi unum Osturcum. Of mewing a goshawk.
Note, a goshawk is in our records termed by the several names
of Osturcum, Hostricum, Estricium, Asturcum, and Austurcum,
and all from the French Austour. Blount.

REDENHALL, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Peter, son of Robert le Espicer (spice seller) holds certain land
in Redenhall, in the county of Norfolk, by the serjeanty of keep-
ing one of the King^s goshawks, at the costs of the King, from^ the

* Radulfns Picot tenet unam carucatam Plac. Coron. 13 Edvv. I. Essex. Blount,

terra in Saling, iu com. Essex, per serjantiam 5 1 .

custodiendi unum spervarium ad custus doniini + Johannes Peckam tenet manerium de

Regis. Et dominus Rex inveniet eideni susten- Peckam, in com. Kanciae, in capite de domino

tationem suam ad tres equos, tres garciones, Rege, per servitium mutandi unum osturcum

et tres leporarios, et idem Raduifus mutabit per ann. Pliaq. Cofon, 21 Edw. I. Rot. 27.

pcsedictuo) spervarium sumptibus suis propriis. Kane. Blount, 6t. '

feast

26T

feast of St. Michael, till Lent; and afterwards he is to mew the
same at his own costs *.

RADECLYVE, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

The manor of Radeclyve is held of our lord the King in capite,
by the service of mewing one goshawk ^, and finding a person to
carry it at the cost of the Kingf. ^J.,i'

% Mutandi unum Estricium. Of mewing a goshawk. Blount.
Taking care of it, and managing it in the moult. A.

Thus, in King Richard III. act i. sc. 1. Hastings says to Gloucester,
speaking of Clarence,

" More pity, that the eagle should be mew'd,
" While kites and buzzards prey at liberty;"

A mew was the place of confinement where a hawk was kept till
he had moulted. See note on the passage. Chalmers edit,
of Shakspeare.

BOGHTON, OR BROUGHTON, COUNTY OF OXFORD,

John Mauduit holds the manor of Boghton, in the county of
Oxford, in capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of mew-

* Petrus, filius Roberti le Espicer, tenet f Manerium de Radeclyve tenetur de do-

quandam terrain in Redenhall, in com. Norf. mino Rege in capite, per servitium mutatidi

per serjantiam custodiendi unum austurcum unum estriciuni, et inveniendi unutn porta»

domini Regis, sumptibus domini Regis, a torem ad custos domini R«gis. Plac. Coron.

festo Sancti Michaelis usque ad Quadrage- de ann. 3 Edw. III. Rot. 6. in dors. Netting,

simam ; et postmodum ipsum mutare debet Blount, 72.
sumptibus suis propriis. Plac. Goron. de ann.
14 Edw. I. Rot, 3. Norf. Blount, 67.

M M 2 ing

268

ing a goshawk 1*% of the King's, or of carrying iit to the King's
court*.

X*t Hostricum. See p. 267.

ASTON-BERNARD, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

John Molyns held the manor of Aston-Bernard, in the county of
Bucks, of the King in capite, by the service of being Marshal of
the King's Falcons and other Hawks f.

WARNEFORD, COUNTY OF HANTS.

Nicholas de Malmayns (malis manibus) holds a hundred shillings
land in the town of Warneford, in the county of Southampton, for
one soar sparhawk, to be paid to our lord the King, yearly, at
the feast of St. Michael, at the Exchequer J.

HUCKNALL-TORCARD, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Sir John Leeke^ holds the manor of Hucknall-Torcard, in the
county of Nottingham, and certain messuages, lands, and tene-
ra^ents in Hucknall-Torcard, of our lord the King in capite, by
the service of carrying one gerfalcon, from the feast of St. Michael
tlje Archangel, until Lent, at the costs of the King, with three
horses, for two shillings a day, and half a sextary of wine, and
two robes, when he should be summoned to do this service. And

* Johannes Mauduit tenet manerium de J Nicholas de Malis Manibus tenet centum

Boghton, in com. Oxon, in capite de domino solidatas terrae in villa de Warneford, in com.

Kege, per serjantiara mutandi unum hostricum Southampton, pro uno spervario soro, red-

domiui Regis, vel istam hostricum portandi ad dendo domino Regi, per annum ad festum

curiam domini Regis. Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. I. Sancti Michaelis, ad Scaccarium. Plac.

Rot. 50. dorso. Oxon. Blount, 74. Coron. 8 Edw. I. Rot. 30. Blount, 86.

t Carta, 20 Edw. III. n. 13. Blount, 77.

269

if his harses should die in the King's service, the King was to re-
store his horses to liim *.

% This Sir John Leeke (who was ancestor to the Lords D'Eyncourt)
died in the reign of King Henry VIII. Another Sir John Leeke
held this manor by the same services in the 37th Hen. YI. See
Blount, 93, and Escaet. 37 Hen. VI. E.

ACTON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

The Lords Grey of Wilton, held the manor of Acton, in the
county of Buckingham, by the serjeanty of keeping one gerfalcon
for their sovereign lord the King : whereupon that family of the
Greys had, for their badge or cognisance, a falcon sejant upon a
glove -f •,

ETON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Reginald de Grey holds the manor of Eton, in the county of
Buckingham, of our lord the King, by the service of keeping one
falcon until it could fly, and for the keeping of it^ when he took
it to the King, he is to have the King's horse J§J with all its
furniture and clothes: and is also to have the King's table, with
the trestle |||| and table-cloth, and to have all the vessels with which
the King was served that day: and he is to have a cask of wine^
immediately after the King shall have tasted of it X-

,t§:l: Equitatura

* Manerium de Hucknall-Torkard, ac certa quando premmiitur ad hoc faciendum. Et si

messuagia, terr. et ten. in Hucknall-Torkard, equi sui moriantur in servitio domini Regis,

tenentur de domino Rege in capite, per servi- dictus Rex equos suos sibi lestaurabit. Ex

tium ad portand. unum gerfalconem a festo M. S. penes F. F. Foljambe, Arm.

Sancti Miehaelis Archangeli usque ad Qua- f Camd. Brit. tit. Bucks. Blount, 109.

dragesimam, sumptibus domini Regis, cum J Reginaldus de Grey tenet manerium de

tribns equis, pro duobus solidis per diem, et Eton, in com. Buckingham, de domino Rege,

dimidium sextarii vini, et duobus robis, per servitium custodiendi uuum falconem

usque

270

X^X Equitatura Regis. Signifies here, as I suppose, the King's

horse and furniture. Blount.
nil Tressello. From the French Treteau, or Trusteau, a trestle. E.

f DoUumVini. A tun, pipe, hogshead, tub, or cask of wine. E.
A cask. A.

DUNSTABLE, COUNTY OF BEDFORD.

The King of England gave to the King of Scotland three hun-
dred pounds of land, for his homage, and for the annual service
of one gerfalcon §§ *.

§§ Pro annuo servitio unius Erodii. Mr. Hearne of Oxford, most
unhappily conjectures that this word ought to have been written
Corrodii. Now, a Corrody is an allowance of victuals from a
religious house to a person living out of it, for some valuable
consideration ; it consequently is entirely foreign to the present
purpose. 'Tis pity that M. Paris does not mention this service
or tenure, p. 446, where he speaks of this business. However,
there is no occasion for any correction or emendation here,
since by Erodii may either be meant E'^uSioC, an heron, the
Greek word being only latinized. iRlian. Hist. Anim. lib. i.
c. 1. et Annot Bocharti Op. torn. iii. col. 321. seq. Or rather,
that the gerfalcon is intended, called Eurodius by Nic. Upton,
p. 187, on account of his flying at the heron. The presenting a

usque ad voktuin, et pro custodia ilia cutn immediate postqnam dominus Rex ex ipso

falconem ilium duxerit ad Regem, habebit vino gustaverit. 9 Jan. i7 Edw. HI. Inq. in

cquitaturam Regis, cum toto apparatu et in- com. Buck. Blount, 138.

dumentis domini Regis : et etiani habebit * Rex Angliae dedit ei (Regi Scotiae) tre-

mensam domini Regis, cum tressello et mappa, centas libratas terrae pro homagio suo, et prp

ct habebit omnia vasa de quibus dominus Rex annuo servitio unius Erodii. Annals of Dur»-

servatus fu rit eo die : et habebit dolium viui staple, p. 254.

falcon

271*

falcon or liawk was a very common service ; and for this sense
again, see Bochart, col. 325. See also Du Fresne, and Little-
ton's and Ainsworth's Dictionaries. P.

The heron, or Ardea Major of Linnseus, is a voracious bird ; and,
according to Buffon, exhibits a picture of wretchedness, anxiety,
and indigence. In England this bird was formerly ranked
among the royal game, and protected as partridges and hares
are now, by specific .laws. Persons who destroyed their eggs
were subject to a fine of twenty shillings for each offence.
Heron hawking was at that time a favourite diversion among the
nobility and gentry of the kingdom, and at whose table this
bird was deemed a choice dish. A passage in Shakspeare
that alludes to the heron, has occasioned much controversy
with verbal critics. Allusive, and as a reproach to ignorance,
it states, "He does not know d, hawk from a hand-saw, or
heron-shaw." The latter is the common name of the fowl ;
but in vulgar pronunciation it is often called in this proverb,
hand-saw. An interesting account of the heron, with an accu-
rate representation of it, are preserved in Bewick's " History
of British Birds," vol. ii. Brayley and Britton's Beauties of
England and Wales, vol. ix. p. 735.

Erodii. If it means a heron, it probably refers to that species
called the Egret. The egret is the bird that by the statutes of
the Order furnishes the plumes for the knights of the Thistle,
and the grant being io the King of Scotland, the reddendo
of the egret not inaptly connects itself with this explana-
lion. W.

ILMER,

27-2

ILMER, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

At the Coronation of King James II. the lord of the manor of
Ilmer claimed to be Marshal, Surveyor, and Conservator of his
Majesty's Hawks in England, with divers fees, and the nomination
of tinder-officers ; which claim was not allowed, because not re-
specting the Coronation, but the claimant was left to take his
course at law, if he thought fit *.

FOLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Richard de Herthull, the day he died, held the maner of Foley,
in the county of Warwick, in his demesne as of fee, by fealty and
the service of one sparhawk, or two shillings, at the feast of St.
James, &e.-f

BARTON OR BERTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

King John granted to Robert de Hose, land in Berton, of the
Honour of Nottingham, to be held by the service of yielding the
King yearly one soar hawk, &c. %

COMBERTON, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

In 1296 it was in the family of La Merk§, fi-om whom it obtained
the name of Merks. It was held by the serjeanty of being keeper
of the King's falcons, and descended by female heirs to the families
of JIastings and Longueville.|[.

* Sandf. Hist. Coron. Gent. Mag. vol. xxxi. cobi, &c. Escaet. de anno 19 Edw. II. num.

p. 323. 53. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Espaivarius.

f Ricardus de Herthull, die quo obijt tenuit J Cartular. S. Edmund. MS. Jac. Law Diet,

manerium de Foley, in com. War. in dominico tit. Sorus Accipiter.

suo, ut de feodo, per fidelitatem et servitiiini § Cart. 25 Edw. I,

unius esparvarij. vel h s. ad festum Sancti J a- || Lysons's Mag. Brit, vol, ii. p. l68,

WEST

^73

WEST PECKHAM, COUNTY OF KENT.

This manor was held, in the time of King John, by the service
of bearing one of the King's goshawks beyond sea, when de-
manded, from the feast of St. Michael to that of the Purification.
The manor was afterwards divided, and one part is now the pro-
perty of Lord le Despencer, and the other of the Earl of Tor-
rington *.

WHITE RODING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In 12i96, or 1297, King Edward I. granted to John de Merks,
in tail-general, the manor of White Roding, and the advowson
of the chnrch, with remainder to Cecily de Hastings, sister of
the said John -^^ This Cecily was wife of Humfrey de Hastings,
and held this manor, and that of Cumbreton in Cambridgeshire,
at the time of her decease, in 1 304, by the service of keeping two
lanar falcons, or hawks, for heron hawking; and a greyhound
trained to make a heron rise, from Michaelmas to the Purification,
for the King's use '^

HALLINGBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Walter de HauTill held six^ty shillings of land in Hallingbury de
WB,lla ^, by the serjeanty of falconry, >vhich he had of the grant of
King Richard I. §

^ De Walla. Quaere. The iate Dr. Pegge could not explain this.

* Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. § Walterus de Hauvill tenuit lx sol. terr.

p. 1285. in Hallingbury de Walla, per serjautiam falco-

+ Cart. 25 Edw. I. liumb. 6. nariae, per Regem Richardum. Lib. Rub.

Morant's Essex, voL ii. p. 469^, Scaec. Append. 19 Brady's Introduct. fo. 23.

N N DUNTON,

274

DUNTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

King Henry II. is said to have given this town, with Doketon and
Kettleston, to Ralph de Hauvill, to be held by petit serjeanty, the
keeping of the King's hawks or falcons ; and in another record it is
said by keeping of two gerfalcons for the King. Of this family
were Henry and Hugh de Hauvile ; and King John, in his sixth
year, ordered the bailiffs of several ports to secure all the hawks
and gerfalcons which should be brought beyond sea; till the said
Henry and Hugh should choose what they thought fit for the King's
use ; and no one was allowed to buy any till this was done *.

Q^ It is remarkable that in Wales, the Penhebogydd, or Master
of the Hawks, was the fourth officer in rank and dignity, and sat in
the fourth place from his sovereign at the royal table ; that he was
permitted to drink no more than three times, lest he should neglect
his birds from intoxication; and that when he was more than usually
successful in his sports, the prince was obliged, by law and custom,
to rise up to receive him as he entered the hall, and sometimes to
hold his stirrup as he alighted from his horse. Polewhele's History
of Cornwall, vol. ii. p. 81.

WELLWYN, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Sir Robert Broughton, Knight, acknowledged that he held the
manor of Wyllyen, in the county of Hertford, of the King in
capite> by the service of rendering to the King a sore sparhawk,
or two shillings, yearly, by the hands of the sheriiF of Hertford
for the time being -f-.

ORES-

* Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii, f Robertus. Broughton, miles, cognovit

p. 781. s« tenere m. de Wylljeii, in com. Hertf.

27d

GRESSINGHAM, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

The heirs of William and Benedict held two oxgangs of land In
Gressinghana, by the serjeanty of keeping the aeries of hawks of
our lord the King *.

ARDELEY, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Baldwin Fillot holds certain land in the town of Ardeley, by the
serjeanty of keeping a sparhawk, and that land was worth forty
shillings -f-.

LANGLEY, COUNTY OF SALOP.

William Hurnell holjis the town of Langley, of our lord the
King, by the service of bearing one falcon, at the cost of the
King X.

HERST-FAUCOVER, COUNTY OF KENT.

Henry Michelgrove held (amongst other things) the manor of
Herst'Faucover, in the county of Kent, which was held of the King
in capite by homage, and the service of keeping yearly one falcon
for our lord the King §.

<3e R. in capite, per servic'. redd'. Regj unum H^n. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 5172,

esparuareum sor'. annuatim vel ijs. ad man'. p. 33.

vie. Hertf. pro tempore existen. Midi's fin. :{: Willielmus Hurnell tenet villam de X<an-

anno 6 Hen. VII. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. geley de diio Rege per servic'. portandi uniim

Mus. No. 5174, p. 6. aucipe ad custum dni Regis. Ibid. No. 1087,

*Heres Willielmi et Bened'cti ten', ii bovat. p. 13.

terre ibni. per seriant'. custodiendi heieras § Henricus Michelgrove (int'. al'.) m. de

accipitrum diii Regis. Test, de Nevil. Ibid. Herst-Faucouer, in com. Kent, quod tenetur

No. 2085, p. 431. de R. in capite, per homagiuni et , servic'.

•\- Baldwinus Fillot tenet in villa de Ar- custodiendi ununi falconem dicti diii Ri, acn-

deley, quandam terram per seriant'. servandi nuatim. Esc. anno 17 Ric'. II. Ibid. No.

nisum et valet terr. 40 solid. Inquis. temp. 2087, p. 236,

jsr N 2 And

276

And Godfrey le Hutton held a certain serjeanty in Hurst, for
which he was to keep the falcons of our lord the King*.

HUNTLESIIAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

John Pypard paid to the King (amongst other things) two shil-
lings for his relief for twelve pounds of land, in Huntlesham, in
the county of Suffolk, held of the King by the service of one
sparhawk^, yearly -j-.

^ Nisus. The lesser hawk, or sparroAv hawk. Cowell's Inter-
preter.

Falco Nisus is the Linnsean specific name of the sparrow hawk,
but it is a mistake to call it the lesser hawk, which is the
merlin hawk, and the least of the species that inhabits Great
Britain. It was used in the humbler kinds of falconry as
flying at larks, &c. W.

STANESBY, COUNTY OF DERBY.

John, son and heir of Roger de Sannage, gave to the King one
sore sparhawk for his relief for the manor of Staynesby, in the
county of Derby, which he holds of the King in capite by the
service of a soar sparhawk ij:.

* SeriantiaGodefr'. le Huton, in Hurst, pro Edw. I. Hail. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p.

qua debuit custodire falcones diii Reg. De 33.

serjantijs, &c. com. Kancie, temp. Hen. II. % Johannes filius et heres Rogeri de San-

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 11. nage dedit Regi unum spervariiim sori de re-

+ Johannes Pypard dat Regi 2s. de re- levio sue pro manerio de Staynesby, in com.

levio suo pro ^xii ter'. in Hmitlesham, in Derby, quod de Rege tenet in capite per ser-

com. Suff, tenet de Rege per servitium unius vicium uiiius spervarij sori. De termino

nisi per annu. De termino Pasche, a° 31 Mich'. a° 31 Edw. I. Ibid. No. 34, p. 27.

ESPERETT,

277

ESPERETT, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Thomas, son and heir of Thomas de Wellesk, paid to the King
for his relief of a certain serjeanty which he holds of the King in
capite in Espett (Esperett,) by the service of four shillings, one
soar sparhawk *.

WHITEWTIIINGES, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Thomas de Lungevill, and Beatrix his wife, daughter and heir
of Philip de Hastings, made fine with our lord the King, by ten
marks, for their relief of the manor of Whitewthinges, in the oounty
of Essex, which is held of the King in capite, by the service of
coming to his court at the feast of St. Michael, and of keeping there
two of the King's lanar falcons at his charge, from the same feast,
until the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, next
following -j^..

BURGE, COUNTY OF DERBY

Hugh, son and heir of Philip de Stredley, made fine with the
King by two marks for his relief for the mill of Burge, in the county
of Derby, which the said Philip held of the King in capite, by the
service of finding one man bearing an heron falcon, every year in
season, before the King, when he should be summoned, and^ to

* Thomas, filius et heres Thomaa de W-el- manerio de Whitewthinges in com. Essex>

lesk, dat Regi pro relevio sue de quadam ser- quod de Rege tenetur in capite, per servitium

jaiic. quam de, Rege tenet in capite in Espett veniendi ad curiam Regis ad festum Sancti

(Esperett) per servic'. iv solid, unum sp'uar. Mich' et custodiendi ibidem duos falcones

sor'. De termino Trin. anno 18 Edw. I. Regis lanar ad custus ipsius Regis ab eodera

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 9- festo usque ad festum Purificationis Beate

f Thomas de Lungevill et Beatrix uxor eiiis, Marie prox' sequent. De termino Pasche, anno

filia et her' Pbilipi de Hastings, fecerunt 9 Edw. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No, 34,

finem cum domino Rege pro relevio suo de p. 126.

take

S78

take for performing the said service, at the cost of the King, two
robes at Whitsuntide and Christmas *.

WIRKITON AND WALKESLAW, COUNTY OF SALOP

Adain de Beyssin held of the King in capite the manors of Wir-
kiton and WalkeslaAv, by the service of keeping one of the King's
goshawks % until the feast of St. Michael yearly, or until the King
should command it to be brought to him, which he was then to
carry to the King accordingly; and during the season he was to
abide at court, and to take there five-pence halfpenny daily, and he
was to eat on all days in the King's household, and to take yearly
two robes -f-.

% Osturcum, See note on Peckfaam, p. 260.

SHALDEBURNE, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Robert de Tateshale held the manor of Shaldeburne in the
county of Berks of the King in capite, by serjeanty, viz, by the
service of mewing and keeping one falcon gentle for the King, and
of carrying it by himself, or another, to the King at his command,
at the charge of the said Robert, to abide with the falcon aforesaid,

* Hugo, filius^t heres Philippi de Stredley, *>- Adam de Beyssin tenuit de R. in capite

fecit iinem cum Kege per diias marc', pro re- maner'. de Wirkiton et Walkeslaw, per servic'.

levio suo de molend- de Burgo in com. Derby, custod'. unum Osturcum Regis usq. festum

q. dictus Philippus tenuit de Rege in capite, Sancti Mich'is annuatim, vel usq. ad man-

per servitium invenieudi unum hominem por- datu' Regis tunc deffere dictum osturcu'. ad

tantem unum falconem heronar'. quolibet anno Regeni, et tunc durante seisona comorabit',

in seisona coram Rege cum per Regem fuerit ad cur', capiend. ad cur' per diem v d. ob. et

premonit' capiend'. pro dicto servitio faciend'. comedet omnibus diebus in hospitio Regis, et

ad sumplibus Regis, duas robas ad fest' cepit per annum duas robas. Esc. tempore

Pent, et Nativitatis Diii. De termino Trin. R. Hen. fil. Reg. Johannis. Harl. MS. Brit,

anno 21 Edw. HI. Rot. 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mas. No. 708, p. 6.
Mus. ISo. 34, p. 167.

279

in obedienca to the King so long as he should please, at the wages
of the said Robert whilst he resided there, for all services*.

KILEBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Ralph de Fauconer held of the King in capite four pounds and
two-pence rent in Kikby, by the petit serjeanty of bearing one
lanar falcon, at the costs of our lord the King -f-.

STANBRIGGS, COUNTY OF BEDFORD^

Richard le Chamberleyn, who married Joan the daughter and
heir of John Gardener, made fine with the King for himself and
his wife, by one hundred shillings for their relief, for the serjeanty
of keeping the King^s falcons in Stanbriggs %.

LEWES, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Robert de Eleford, son and heir of Robert de Eleford, made

fine with the King by one hundred shillings for his relief, viz. for

four yard lands which he holds of the King in Lewes, in the county

of Oxford, by the serjeanty of keeping a falcon in season, at his

own proper costs §.

ECHEMEN.

* Robertus de Tateshale tenuit maner'. de Kil«by, per parvam seriantiam portandi unum

Shaldeburne in com. Berk.de R. in capite, per falconem laneri, sumptibus doinini Regi».

seriantiam, viz. per servic'. miiland'. et custod'. Anno 4 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

falconeip gentle R. et illu'. deferend. per se 821, p. 34,

\el per aliu'. R. ad mandatu'. ipsius R. oust'. J Ricardus le Chamberleyn, qjii Johanna

predict! Roberti morando ciini falcone predict' filiam etjieredem Johaunis Gardener duxit in

in obsequio R. quamdiu R. piacuit ad vad. uxorem, fecit linem cum Rege pro se et uxore

ipsius R. dum moram fecerit pro omni servicio. sua per 100 s. pro relevio suo, per serjantiant

£$c. anno 31 R. Edw. I. Harl. MS- Brit. custodiendi falcon. Regis in Stanbriggs. De

Mus. No. 708, p. 28. terraino Pasche, anno 29 Edw. 1. Ibid. No.

•\ Radus de Eauconer tenuit de Rege in ca- 34, p. ,21.

pite quatuor libras et duos denarios redditus in | Robertus de Eleford, filius et herea Ro-
berti

280

ECHEMENDON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

In the second year of King Edward I. John de Audeley ren-
dered a mewed sparrow hawk f at the Exchequer for the manor
of Echeraendon, which he held of the King in capite *. ,

f Spervarium mutariura. From muto, to mew up hawks in the
time of their muting, or molting, or casting their plumes.
Hence the Muta Regia, the Mews near Charing-cross, in Lon-
don, now the King's stahles, formerly the falconry, or place for
the King's hawks. Kennet's Gloss, to Faroch. Antiq. in v.

MUTO.

BLADENE, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Walter de Hauvill holds the town of Bladene of the gift of our
lord the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the King's birds, and
it was worth seven pounds -f-.

SANDLiCRE, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Richard de Sandiacre holds ten pounds of land in Sandiacre,
by the serjeanty of keeping a goshawk, and of finding twelve
carriers (to convey the said goshawk,) and himself to bear a
tabor :|.

berti de Eleford, finem fecit cum Rege per 1 & 2 Edw. 1. Rot, 2, a, Madox's Hist.

100 s. pro relevio suo, viz. pro quatuor virgat'. Excheq. p. 6l2.

terr'. quas tenet de Rege in capite in Lewes in f Walterus de Hauvill tenuit villum de Bla-

coni. Oxon. per serjanc'. custod', unum fal- dene de dono diii Regis, per serjantiam custo-

conem, sumptibiis suis propriis, in seisona. diendi aves dtii Regis, et val'. ofvij. Testa de

DeterminoMich.anno23Edw. I. Harl. MS. Nevil, p. 107.

Brit. Mas. ^o. 34, p. 15. % Ricardus de Sandiacre tenet x librat'. terr'.

* Salopsire. Redditus. Jacobus de Audi- in Sandiacre, per serjantiam ad custodiend*.

thele reddit ad Scaccarium unum spervarium ostur'. et inveniendum xij portatores, et seip-

jrutarium pro manerio de Echemendon, quod sum ad ferend'. taborem. Ibid. p. 20.
de Rege tenet iu capite. Mich. ComiHun.

SECT.

281

SECT. XI.

Of Petit Serjeanties, hy Religious Services.

GREENS-NORTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

So named of the Greens (persons famed in the sixteenth cen-
tury for their weaUh) called before Norton-Dauney, was held
of the King in capite, by the service of lifting up their right-hands
towards the King, yearly, on Christmas-day, wheresoever the King
should then be in England *.

CONINGSTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

Thomas Winchard held land in Coningston in the county of
Leicester, in capite, by the service of saying daily five pater-nosters
and five ave marias, for the souls of the King's progenitors, and
the souls of all the faithful departed, for all services -f-.

MAPLESCAUMP, COUNTY OF KENT.

William de Valoignes holds of our lord the King in capite, a
moiety of the manor of Maplescaump, by this service, that if the
King should come to Maplescaump to hear mass, then the said
William was to find him a penny for an oblation $•

* Fines 18 Ric. II. Blount, 10. Camd. Rege in capite, medietatem maneiii de Maples-
Brit, tit. Northamptonshire. Inqiiis. 44 caump, per talem servitium quod si dominus
Edw, III. Rex venerit usque Maplescaump ad missam

t Inquis. 27 Edw. III. Escaet. 37 Edvi^. suam audiendam, tunc idem Willielmus inve-

III. Blount, 16. niet ei unum denarium ad oblationem. In

4 WUlielmus de Valoignes tenet de domino Parvo Rot. Hundredor. Kantiae. Blount,^ 29.

oo EAST-

282

EAST-HENDRED, COUNTY OF BERKS.

John Pater-Noster holds one yard land, with the appurtenances,
in East-Hanred in the county of Berks, by the serjeanty of saying,
for the soul of our lord the King, one pater-noster daily, and it was
worth five shillings yearly *.

PAPWORTH-ANNEYS, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

John Russell holds in the town of Papworth-Anneys in the county
of Cambridge, two hides and an half of land of the King in
capite, by the serjeanty of feeding two poor persons, for the souls
of his ancestors ; and it is rated at eight shillings a year at the
Exchequer -f*.

PUSEY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Alice Pater-Noster holds one yard land in Pusey, in the county
of Berks, in capite of our lord the King, by the service of saying
every day five Pater-nosters, for the souls of the King's ancestors ;
and it was worth five shillings a year J.

And Richard Pater-Noster, for his relief, said, three times, before
the present barons, (of the Exchequer) the Lord's Prayer, with the

* Johannes Pater-Noster tenet unam virga- mabus aiitecessorum suorum, et arrentatur ad

tam terrzB, cum pertin. in East-Hanred, in Scaeearium pro vnis. Plac. Coron. 14 Edw.

com. Berks, per serjantiam dicendi, pro anima I. Cant. Blount, 41.

domini Regis, unum Pater noster quotidi^, et ;{: Alicia Pater-Noster tenet unam virgataui

valet per anu. vs. Plac. Coron. apud Winde- tenae in Pusey in com. Berks, in capite de do-

sor, 12 Edw. I. Rot. 29, in dorso. Blount, 39. mino Rege, per servitium dicendi .quolifaet die

f Johannes Russell tenet in villa de Pap- quinquies Pater noster, pro animabus anteces-

worth-Anneys in com. Cantabr. dnas hid*i sorum domini Regis, et valet per ann. vs.

terrae, et dimidiam de domino Rege in capite, Plac. Coron. 12 Edw. I. Rot. 35, dorso,

per serjantiam pascendi duos pauperes pro ani- Blount, 5 1 .

Salutation

283

Salutation of the blessed Mary, as John his brother had done foi^
bis reUef *. See. Holieote, p. 295,

BARKING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

The manor of Clay-hall was held under the abbess and convent
®f Barking by a quit rent of 15s. 3 d. and the following services,
viz. that the tenant should come in person to the Abbey Church
of Barking,, on the vigil of St. Ethelburgh the Virgin, and there
attend and guard the high altar from the first hour of vespers till
nine o'clock the next morning ; and that he should be ready at all
times with a horse and man tt> attend the abbess and her steward,
when going upon the business of the convent, any where within
the four seas ; and lastly, that the abbess should have by way of
heriot, upon the death of every tenant, his best horse and accou-
trements^*'

BURCESTER, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Richard de CamTil, and Eustace his wife, gave a virgate of land ^
in Bttrcester to Robert Clerk, yet, so that the aforesaid Robert
Clerk, or his heirs, should find one lamp before the altar of St.
Nicholas, in the great church of St. Mary and St. Edburga, in
Burcester, burning throughout every night and day while divine
service was celebrated, and at canonical hours %,

* Et Richardus Pater-Noster, pro relevio, J Ita tamen quod prsedictus Robertus Cle-

suo ter dixit, coram baronibus modo hie Ora- ricus velhseredes sui invenient lampadem unam

tionem Dominican], cum Salutatioue B«atse ante altare Sancti Nicholai, in majori ecclesia

Mariae, sicut Johannes frater ejus- fecerat pro S. Mariae et S. Edburga? de Berencester qua-

relevio suo. Rot. iin. Pasch. SI Edw. III. libet nocte totaliter, et quolibet die dum divina

BlOutitjdl. celebrantur, et ad horas canonicales ardeutem*

ft' Mr. Lethieullier's MS. from Esch. 15 Kennett's Paroch. Anliq. p. 180.
Edw. IV, Lysons's Envir. vol, iv. pp. 82, 83.

oca f Lands

284

% Lands and rent charges were frequently given to Ifeliglous
houses and parish churches for the mamtenance of a lamp or
candle, set burning on the altar of any church or chapel. By
the ecclesiastical constitutions in Normandy, it was ordained that
once in a year, about Pentecost, the priest and capeilanes
should come with their people in a full procession to the mother
church, and for every house, should offer on the altar, a wax
taper, to enlighten the church. Rennet's Paroch. Antiq. p. 598,
and Gloss, sub voce Luminare. See also note on Whickham.

PONTHOP, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the eighth year of the pontificate of Bishop Skirlaw, 1395,
William de Gourlay was seised in his demesne as of fee of the
manor of Ponthop, containing sixty acres of land by estimation,
which was held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service of
offering and paying yearly one besant f at the shrine of St. Cuth-
bert:J:*:J:, at his feast in Lent§|l§, to support the oblation of the said
lord bishop §§§ ; and by the service of paying yearly another be-
sant f, or two shillings, to the lord bishop and his successors, at
the time aforesaid ; and by the service of appearing |||||| at the three
principal county courts ^, and by foreign service [^^ *.
^ Bisancum. See note under Smalleies.

X*X Ad Feretrum Sancti Cuthberti. The Shrine of St. Cuthbert,
interred at last at Durham. P. It is how called St. Cuthberfs
Feretory, from feretrum. E.

* Willielmus de Gourlay seis'. fuil io gesima, ad oblationem dicti dni epi'. sustinend^

dnico suo ut de feodo maner'. de Pontop, et per serv'. reddend. an', aliud bisancum, vel

contia'. lx acr*. terr'. per estem'. (estim'.) que ii s. cEo epo'. et succ'. suis ad predictum temp,

ten', dno epo in capite, per servic'. ofFerendi et per ser'. com', ad tres principal' com. et per

et reddendi annual, unum bisancum ad feretrum forins'. serv'. Inquis. post Mortem WUlielpii

Sancti Cuthberti, ad featum suum in Quadra- de Gourlay, 8. Skirlaw.

283
§111 Ad festum suum in Quadragesima, 2Qth March. P.

§§§ Oblationem dicti domini epi\ sustinend'. So that as the bishop
always made his offering then, this besant of two shilHngs valui^
was to be part of it. P.

mill Com, Comparandi, of appearing at the county courts, E. -

^ Tres principales com. Quaere of these, as the sheriffs turn was
but twice a year. P.

]]J] Forins. Servic'. Foreign service is that, whereby a mesne lord
holds over of another without the compass of his own fee, of else
that which a tenant performs either to his own lord, or to thft
lord paramount out of the fee. And it seems to have been
knight's service, or escuage uncertain. Blount's Law Diet
voce Foreign. E.

CLEHUNGRE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

William de Bfoynton held half a hide of land there of the gift
of the Earl of Hereford by suit of court ; and Robert de Thert-
levile, and his partners, the other moiety, by making one oblation
of seven shillings upon the altar of St. Ethelbert*..

APSF, COUNTY OF SURREY

Ralph Blundus,. and WiUiam Fitz Gunnuld, William Fitz Gil-
bert, and Osbert Malherb, held of our lord the King in capite, half
a hide of land in alms, by the service of distributing and giving one

-If I,

* Willielmurde Brojnton dimid. hidam de septem solid, super altare Sancii Ethelbertr.

dono Comitis Hereford per secta curie, et Ro- Evjdenciae extract de libro Feodorum &c.

bertus de Therklevile et socij sui praenominati Com. Hereford, anno primo Regis Edw. IH.

alteram medietatem, faciend'. unam pblacioiiem H^l. MS. Brit. Mus. No, 6765j p. 15. "

casck

286

cask f of ale on the day of All Saints, for tlie soul of our lord the
King, and his ancestors *.

f Cuna. See note on Biscopestre, p^ 192.

DURHAM.

The commons of the bishop of Durham, standing upon their
ancient privilege, did refuse to serve under the King in his wars,
which he waged with Scotland, for they pleaded, and proved it,
that they were halywerke folkesJl^H, and held their lands to safe-
guard and defend the corps of holy St. Cuthbert, neither ought they
to go out of the precincts of the bishoprick, namely, between Tyne
and Tees, for King or Bishop f.

flill See Hallewimen, in the note on Thurgarton, &c.

ASHEBY MARSH, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Henry de Greene, possessing the lands which were formerly of
John de Asheby Marsh, acknowledged himself to hold one mes-
suage, one pigeon-house, thirty-six acres of land, six acres of wood,
and iifty^six shillings rent in Ashby-rMares (Ashby-Marsh) of the
King in capite, by the service of lifting up his right-hand yearly on
Christmas-day towards the King wheresoever he shall be in Eng-
land.]:.

* Apse. Eadus Blundus, et Willielmus J Henricus de Greene teiiens terrarum que

Filius Guni^uld, et Willielmus Filius Gilibert, fuere Johannis de Asheby Mares, cognovit se

et Osbertus Malherbe^ tenent in capite de dno tenere unum messuagium, unum coliinjbum^

Rege, dimid. h)dain terre in Elemos' distri- xxxvj acr*. terr'. vj acr'. bosci, lvis. redd', in

buendi et donandi unam cuvatani cervisie die Asheby- Mares de^ Rege. ia capite, per serVi-

Omnium Scoru, pro auima dni Regis et ante- tium levandi manum suam dextram annuatim,

cessorum suorum. Inquis. &c. Com. Surrey, die Nativitatis Diii, erga Regem ubicunque

temp. Regis Johaiinis. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. fuerit in Anglia. Dfe termino Mich, anno 42

No. 313, p. 19. Edw. III. Rot. 1, Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

t Camd. Brit. 736. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. 34, p. 244.

No. 5127, p. 11. ♦ LYSTON,

287

LYSTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

William de Gatesden holds the manor of Lyston, by one pound
of frankincense for the Kijig's chapel *.

SECT. XII.

Of Petit Serjecmties relating to the providing of Ships,

Boats, ^0.

DEGEMUE AND EGLOSDERI, COUNTY OF
CORNWALL.

William Trevelle holds one Cornish acre of land ^ in Degemue
and Eglosderi, by the serjeanty of finding one boat and nets for
fishing in Hellestone Lake, whensoever our lord the King should
come to Hellestone, and so long as he should stay there -f-.

f See Fengevel, p. 129.

MALDEN, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

The inhabitants of Maiden in Essex, antiently held that town by
serjeanty, to find the King a ship with its furniture or tackle, as
often as it should happen that he should go with his army out of the

'I ■ ■ II \ : ■

* Willielmus de Gatesden ten', maner'. de seijantiam inveniendi unam batellum et rethisr

Lyston, per unam libram thuris ad cap'llam ad piscandum in Lacu de Hellestone, quando->

Kegis. Testa de Nevil, p. 193. cunque dominus Rex venerit apud Hellestone,

i'WillielinusTrevelle tenet unam acramlerrae et q^uamdiu moram ibi fecerit. Plac. Coron.

Cornubiensem in Degemue et Eglosderi, per de anno 12 Edw. I. Cornub. Blount, £4.

kingdom

288

kingdom of England, for forty days, at their own proper costs;
and this they were to do on the King's summons *.

LENYNGBURN, COUNTY OF KENT.

William, son of William Bek, holds his land in Lenyngburn, by
the serjeanty of finding, when the King crossed the sea towards
Gascony, one ship, which is called a Baard, at his own proper
charges -f.

SEA-PORT TOWNS.

King Edward I. ordained that his sea-port towns should provide
for his service certain ships at their own proper costs, and double
shippage f J.

^ Sumptibus suis propriis, et duplici eskippamento. Sir Robert
Cotton (in his answer to motives for war) interprets it double
shippage, by which I suppose he means double tackle, or fur-
niture for the ships. Blount.

I should suppose this double shippage rather to be shipment, and
means a conveyance to and from a place. It cannot be appli-
cable to the tackle, as the ships were of course to be fit to go to
sea, and the after-words seem to allude to the nature of the
service to be required of them, namely, double shipment,
though it may probably apply to a double proportion of men,
which was not an unfrequent obligation. W-

* Unam navem cum apparatu suo qtioties- terram suam in Lenyngburn, per seijantiam

eunque contigerit dictum Regem ire cum ex- invehiendt ad transfretationem domini Regis

ercitu extra regnum Angliae per xl dies, sump- unam navem qua3 vocatur Baard, versus Vasco*

tibus suis propriis, et hoc ad sunimonitionem niam, sumptibus suis propriis. In Rot. Hun^

domini Regis. Plac. Coron. de 13 £dw. I. dred. anno 3 Edsv. I. Kane. Blount, 62.
Blount, 27. $ Claus. 1 Edw. I. Blount, 62.

t Willieltnus, filius WiUielmi Bek, tenet BURE-

289

BURE-FERRERS, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Sir John de Ferrers, knight, holds of the honor of the Castle of
Tremanton, in the county of Cornwall, twenty-one knights fees in
Bure-Ferrers, and elsewhere, by knight's service, paying at the
feast of St. Michiael four boatmen X^X to manage the boats at the
passage of Esse, and supporting twenty-one of the battlements |1§||
of the Castle aforesaid, at hi« own proper costs*.

X^t Virones. Is here ui^ed for boatmen, or such as could manage
the passage boat. Blount Vide Spelm. in voce.

Il^ll Kernella Castri. Kernella are the nooks or notches on the top
of the wall of an embattled castle, which is therefore called
Castellum Kernellatum, from the Latin crena, a notch, Blount.
Rather from the French creneller, to make battlements, from
whence combes the words creneau, a battlement, and crenele,
embattled. E.

GRENOCLE, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Matthew de Hastings held the manor of Grenocle in the county
of Sussex, of the King, by this service, that he should find an
oar for the King's use, when he should pass over the sea at the
haven of Hastings ||,| -j^.

§:|.§ Quaere. Whether this is within the tenure of Voyage-Royal^
aboUshed by the stat. 12 Car. H. cap. 24?:;:.

* Johannes de Ferrers, chevalier, tenet de passagii de Esse, et sustinend. xxi Kernella

Honore Castri de Tremanton in comitatu Cor- Castri prsedicti, sumptibus suis propriis. An-

mibiffi, XXI feoda militiim in Bure-Ferrers, et tiq. Supervis. Ducalus Cornubije. Blount, 107.
alibi, per servitiunimililare,reddend. ad festum -f- Inquis. 5 Edw. I. Blount, 110.

Sancti Michaelis, quatuor virones ad batellos J Compl. Copyholder, 232.

pp HASTINGS,

290

HASTINGS, COUNTY OF SUSSEX,

Called in Saxon ^aj-cinsa-ceaj-reji, is the chief town of the Cinque
Ports, and had a mint in the time of King Athelstan. It, with its
members, Winchelsea, Rye, i&e. was bound to find twenty-one
ships for any naval expedition, at the King's summons ; and there
ought to be in every ship twenty-one men, able, fitly qualified, well
armed and well furnished for the King's service ; yet, so that the
summons be made on the King's behalf, forty days before : and
when the aforesaid ships and men were come to the place where-
unto they were summoned, they were to abide there in the Kino-'s
service for fifteen days, at their own proper costs and charges ; and
if the King should ha,ve further need of their service, after the
fifteen days aforesaid, or would have them stay there any lono-er
those ships, with the men, while they remained there, were to be
in the King's service at the King's costs and charges, so lono- as
the King pleased : the master of each ship was to have sixpence a
day, and the constable sixpence a day, and every one of the rest
three-pence a day *.

From the certificate of Stephen de Pencester, constable of Dover
Castle, and Warden of the Cinque Ports, in the reign of Edward
HI. it appears that the manor of Grange was obliged to furnish
one ship, and two able and well armed men, towards the quota
which the port of Hastings was bound to supply for the Kino-'s
service, for forty days. This manor was held by the noble family
of Hastings during several centuries, by the tenure of grand ser-
jeanty ; and Matthew de Hastings, who died in the fifth of Edward
I. was found to have possessed it by the service of findino- one oar
whenever the King should sail towards the port of Hastiness 4*.

* Camden, Brit. 249, cites an antient record f Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii.

in the King's Eschequer. p, 686.

DOVER,

291

DOVER, COUNTY OF KENT.

In the time of King Edward the Confessor, Dover paid eighteen
pounds, of which sum Edward had two parts, and Earl Godwin
th€ third part of one moiety, and the canons of St. Martin the
other. The burgesses furnished the King with twenty ships once
in each year, for fifteen days, and in each ship were twenty-one
men; this they did because he had freed them from sac^ and
soc§§§*

f Sac, signifies a royalty, or rather a jurisdiction of holding plea,
and correction of trespasses in a manor ; or a power to amerce
tenants in court Chauncy's Hist. Antiq. of Hertfordshire.

|§§ Soc, signifies a power or liberty of jurisdiction, or to have suit
of tenants, or to search for thieves, or stolen goods, within a
manor or fee, and to do justice upon such inquisition, or tenants
in a liberty who are exempted from those common services
which subjects are ordinarily bound to perform to their prince.
Chauncy.

DORCHESTER, COUNTY OF DORSET.

In Dorchestre, in the time of King Edward, were one hundred
and seventy-two houses which contributed for every service due
to the King, for ten hides : viz. for the use of the huscarles §*§
one mark of silver, except the customs appertaining to the firm of
one night §-[ | f.

§*| The King's huscarles were hiis menial servants. Their rank
among the Saxons is said, by Dr. Henry, to have been that
of complete freemen.

* See the Domesday Sarvey, torn, i, fol. 75. + Cough's Camd. Brit, edit, 1789. vol. i.

p. 44.

pp2 §^:§Ad

292

^t§ Ad firmam noctis^ was a custom or tribute paid towards the
entertainment of the King for one night, according to Domes-
day. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce.

WILTON, COUNTY OF WILTS.

When the King went on an expedition, either by land or water,
he was to have from this manor either twenty shillings to feed
his buzecarls, or took with him one man for the honour of five
hides*.

TORKESEY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

In Saxon Tupcej-ij, now a little mean town, but heretofore very
noted ; for there were in it before the Norman times (as it is in
Domesday) two hundred burghers, who enjoyed many privileges,
on condition that they should carry the King's ambassadors as often
as they came that way, down the river Trent, in their own barges,
and conduct them as far as York. Their antient charter is still
preserved ; and they enjoy thereby the privilege of a toll, from
strangers who bring cattle or goods that way ; as also the privilege
of a fair on Monday in Whitsun week ■]-.

BURAM, COUNTY OF KENT.

Richard de Bet held a certain serjeanty in Buram, for which he
"Was to find for our lord the King one ship in every of his passages %.

* Quando Rex ibat in expeditionera, vel t Seriantia Ricardi de Bet in Buram pro

terra, vel mari, habebat de hoc manerio aut xx qua invenire debuit diio Regi unum naveni in

sol. ad p:iscendos suos Buzecarl. aiit unum ho- qualibet passagio sue. De Serjantijs aren-

minetn diicebat secuni pro honore quinque talis in Comitat. Kancie per Roberlum Passe-

hidarum. Domesd. tit. Wiltse. Wilton. Bio. lewe, tempore Hen. Regis filljRegis Johan.

Law Diet. Buzecar}. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 315, p. il.'. . -

t Gough's Camd. vol. ii. p. 227.

SECT.

^93

SECT. XIII.

Of Petit Serjeanties performed by manual Labour, Sfc.

CUKENEY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Joceus le Flemmangh came to the Conquest of England, in the
time of William Duke of Normandy, and purchased in Cukeney
the third part of a knight's fee. And the aforesaid Joceus begot a
son of the name of Richard. In the same town, there lived a
certain man, who was called Gamelbere, and he was an old drey-
inghe J§:J: before the Conquest ; he held two carucates of land of
our lord the King in capite, for this service, that he was to shoe the
King's palfrey iipon its four feet, with the King's nails [*], when-
soever he should lie at his manor of Mansfield ; and if he should
lame the King's palfrey, he was to give him a palfrey worth four
marks. And if the army should be in Wales, he was to perform
service according to the quantity of two carucates, and likewise for
homage. The aforesaid Gamelbere died without heirs of his body,
and his land was an escheat in the hands of King Flenry I.
And the same King gave that land to Richard, son of Joceus afore-
said, and his heirs, to be held of the King by the aforesaid service *.

* Joceus le Flemmangh venit ad Conques- si inclaudet palefridum domini Regis, dabitei

turn Angliae, tempore VVillielmi Ducis Nor- palefridum qiiatiior marcarum. Et si exer-

manniae, et quaesivit in Cukenny tertiam partem citus fuerit in Wallia, faciet servitium secun-

feodi imius niilitis : et prsedictus Joce genuit diim quantitatem duarum carucatarum, et si-

quendam filium nomine Richardum. In ea- militer pro homagio. Prajdictus Gamelbere

dem villa manebatqiiidam homo qui vocabatur obiit sine hserede de se, et terra sua fuit escha-

Gamelbere, et fuit vetus dreyinghe ante Con- eta in manum Regis Henrici primi. Et ipse

questum ; tenuit duas earucatas terras dedo- Rex dedit illam terrara Richardo filio Jocti

mino Rege iu capita^ pro tali servitio; defe- praedicli, et hasredibus suis, tenendam de eo

rendo palefridum domini Regis super quatuor per praedictum servitium. Ex Registro de

pedes,, de cluario domini Regis, quotiescunqiie Welbec, penes Rob. Comjtem Kingstonisej

ad manerium suum de Maunsfeld jacuerit ; et anno 1630. a Mon. Ang. 598, a. Blount; 4.*

Thomas,

294

Thomas, the son of the said Richard, founded the abbey of
Welbeck, in the reign of King Henry II *.

X%t By Dreyinghe is understood a knight, or one that held land by
knight's service, before the Conquest, and was not ousted of his
estate by William the Conqueror. Blount.

[*] De Cluario Domini Regis. With the King's nails and shoeing
materials. Blount. Claurio, from the French Clou, a nail. E.
Quaere, if not mis-read for Clavaris? P.

From the aforesaid Thomas, son of Richard (surnamed Thomas
de Cukeney) the estate descended to Isabel his daughter, who was
married to Simon Fitz Simon, and from her to her three daughters;
Agnes, married to Sir Walter de Fauconberg, Isabel, married to
Walter de Riboef, and Petronilla, married to Stephen de Faucon-
berg, brother of Sir Walter. This Stephen was seised of the estate
at Cukeney, in right of his wife ; and from him descended Henry
Fauconberg, who held the manor of Cukeney, in the county of
Nottingham, by serjeanty of shoeing the King's horse when he
came to Mansfield, as mentioned by Camden -j^ ; and afterwards, in
the 2d Edw. III. anno 1329, he gave the same, with other posses-
sions, to John de Hotham, bishop of Ely, who the same year gave
them to the abbot and convent of Welbeck J .

MARDEN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

John Freeman held one yard-lard in Marden, in the county of

* Ex registro praedict. Mon. Angl. ii. 598. Rex veniret ad Mansfeld. Camd. Brit. edit,

b. passim. .1. p. 124. Nottinghamshire.

-}■ Henricus Fauconberge tenebat manerium ± Ex registro de Welbec prxdict- Mon.

de Cukeneyj in hoc comitatu in serjantia, per Angl. ii. 598. et seq. passim. Escaet. 3

g^rvitium ferrandi palfredum Regis quando Edw. III. n. 108, £lount, 4.

Hereford,

295

Hereford, by the s^erjeanty of measuring the ditches and works of
our lord the King, at the cost of the said King *.

HOLICOTE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Walter Barun held certain lands and tenements in the town of
Holecote, of the King in capite, by the service of hanging, upon
a certain forked piece of wood, the red deer that died of the
murrain in the King's forest of Exmore ; and also of lodging or
entertaining the poor strangers, weakened by infirmities, that came
to him, at his own proper costs, for the souls of the ancestors of
our lord King Edward -j-. See p. 283, after Pusey.

YORK, COUNTY OF.

Philip de Lardimer (le Lardiner) claims to be salesman for our
lord the King in fee, within the county of York, of all things to be
sold for debt owing to the King, and also for Queen-gold ^.
In this manner, viz. that be or his certain attorney should, at the
command of the sheriff, go from place to place, within the county,
at his own charges, to make the said sales, and should take for
every such sale for his fee xxxii pence::!:.

* Per serjantiam mensuraiidi fossato, et % Philippus de Lardimer (le Lardiner)

opera domini Regis, ad custum ipsius domini clamat esse venditiorem domirii Regis de feodo

Regis. Lib. Niger Heref. Blount, l6. , in com. Ebor. de omnibus rebus quae vendi

f Walterus Barun tenuit quasdam terras et debent pro debito domini Regis, vel etiam

quaedam tenementa in villa de Holecote, de pro auro Reginae. Ita, viz. quod ipse vel suus

Rege in capite, per servitium pendendi super certus attornatus ibit ad mandatum vicecomitis

quoddam lignum furcatum cei-vos de morina de loco, in locum infra comitatum, sumptibus

defunctos in foresta Regis de Exemore ; ac suis, ad praedictas vendltiones faciendas ; et

etiam hospitandi pauperes supervenientes, de capiet de unaquaque venditione, pro feodo

infirmitate debilitates, sumptibus suis p'ropriis, suo xxxii. denarios. Quo Warr. Ebor. temp.

pro animabus antecessorum domini Edwardi Edw. 1. Blount, 35.
Regis. Inquis. 35 Edw. 1. n. 1, Somerset.
Blount, 30.

WhicK

296

Which tenure was afterwards seised into the King's hands for
the ahuse thereof, as appears by the great roll in the Pipe Office,
anno 2 Edw. II. Blount.

f Queen-gold is a royal duty of ten in the hundred, due to the
Queen Consort of. England, for all fines and oblations made to
the King. Blount; who quotes Lib. Nig. Scac. p. 43.

FADE WORTH, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Peter de Condrey holds the manor of Padeworth, in the county
of Berks, in capite of our lord the King, by the serjeanty of find-
ing one servant (servientem) |1§|], in the Queen's ship, as often as
she should pass the sea to the parts of Normandy, to hold one of
the cords or ropes of the said ship. And that serjeanty was worth
yearly ten marks*.

M See p. 118, after Mayford.

KINGS-STANFORD, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Richard Pygot holds two yard-lands in Stanford Regis, in the

county of Hereford, of our lord the King in capite, by the service

of conducting the King's treasure from Hereford to London, at the

King's costs, and returning at his own proper costs. And of

summoning the Bishop of Hereford at the gates of the said bishop's

manor of Bromyard, if the King should happen to implead the

said bishop -f

MAWARDYN,

* Petrus de Condrey tenet maneriutn de manuiae, ,ad tenendam unam cordam ejusdeni
Padeworth, in com. Berks, in capite de domino navis in eadem. Et valet per ann. seijantiailla
Rege, per serjantiam inveniendi unum servi- X niarcas. Plac. Coron. apud Windesor, 12
entena in navi dotninae Reginae quotiescimque Edw. I. Rot. 46. Blount, 40.
contigerit ipsain transfretare ad partes Nor- f Richardus Pygot tenet duas virgatas terrje

297

MAWARDYN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Walter de Monmouth holds one yard-land in Mawardyn, in the
county of Hereford, by the serjeanty of conducting the treasure
of our lord the King to London, as often as he should be sum-
moned by the sheriff, with one horse and an iron helmet, at the
costs of the King, to wit, twelve pence a day towards London,
and returning at his own proper costs *.

And William Caperon held two yard-lands there, by the serjeanty
of keeping the gate of the Castle of Hereford, and of having twelve
pence a day of our lord the King -f.

WRENCHOLM, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

Robert Fitz Alexander holds the manor of Wrencholm, by keep-
ing the King's hogs, from the time of pawnage, until they were
appraised X-

in Stanford- Regis, in com. Hereford, de do- nitus fuerit per vicecomitem, cum uno equo
mino Rege in capite, per servilium conducendi et capello fej-reo sumptibus domini Regis, viz.
thesaurum domini Regis de Hereford usque xii d. quolibet die versus London, et in re-
ad London, sumptibus domini Regis, et in deundo sumptibus suis propriis.
redeundo sumptibus suis propriis ; et etiam f Et Willielmus Caperon tenuit duas vir-
summonendi episcopuin Hereford, ad portas gatas terrse ibidem per serjantiam custodiendi
manerii dicti episcopi de Bromyard, si con- portam Castri Hereford, et habendi xii dena-
tin<'at dominuni Regem praedictum episco- rios per diem de domino Rege. Plac. Coron.
pum implacitare. Plac. Coron. de anno 20 de anno 20 Edw. I. Heref. Blount, 59.
Edw. I. Heref. Blount, 58. J Robertus Filius Alexandri tenet manerium
* Walterus de Monemuwe tenet unani vir- de Wrencholm, per custodiam porcorum Regis,
gatam tens in Mawardjn, in com. Heref. tempore pannagii donee apprecientur. Inquis,
per serjantiam conducendi thesaurum dom. 13 Job. Cumber. Blount, 70.
Regis usque London, quotiescunque ?umnio-

Q Q THAME-

298

TIIAMEWELL, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Robert de Grant held one messuage and thirteen acres of land
in the hamlet of Thame well, in the county of Oxford, of our lord
the King, by the serjeanty of keeping the gate, called Woodgate,.
at Woodstock, in the King's presence, when he should make a
stay there*.

CUMBES, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Peter de Baldewyn holds a certain serjeanty in Cumbes, in the
county of Surrey, by gathering wool for our lady the Queen, from
the white thorns f , if he chose to do it ; and if he refused to
gather it, to pay twenty shillings a-year at the King's Exchequer f.

^ Ad colligendara lanam dominse Reginee per albas spinas. To
go a wool-gathering for the Queen among the thorns and briars;
though I confess I do but guess at albas spinas, for the record
is illegible, and seems to make it per albias, with a dash over
the word. Blount. The hawthorn, in the north, is called white
thorn, and the sloe, black thorn. A. And so almost universally
in Yorkshire. E. It is the proper name of the tree. P.

Divers conjectures have been formed upon a passage in the record
of Domesday, relating to the manor of Kingston; which states
that Humphrey, the chamberlain, had oiie of the villains be-
longing to that manor in his custody, " caus4 coadunandi lanam

* Robertas de Grant tenuit uniim messua- -)- Petrus de Baldewyn tenet quandam ser-

gium et xiii acras terrse in hamletto de Thame- jantiam in Cumbes, in com. Surrey, ad colli-

\vell, in com. O.von. de domino Rege, per gendam lanam dominae Keginae, per albas

serjantiam custodieudi portam de Wodegate, spinas, si voluerit, et si nolit earn colligere,

apud Wodestock in presentia domini Regis, solvet ad Scaccarium domini Regis xx s. per

cum idem domiiius Rex nioram ibidem faceret. aun. Plac. Coron. de ami. 39 Hen. III. Surr.

Plac. Coron. 13 Edw. 1. Rot. 46. dorso. Blount, 79.
Oxon. Blount, 74.

Reginse ;"

209

Reginse ;" and that he paid 20 s. for his relief when his father
died. Salmon says, that the word coadunare signifies " to
weave f and he supposes that this man carried on a woollen
manufacture, by which he was enabled to pay a relief of 20 s.
on his father's death. A MS. in the Harleian collection*
explains this matter very fully: we are there informed, that
Ralph Postel held one hide of land in Combe, by serjeanty,
viz. by the service of collecting (colligendi) the Queen's wool;
and that the said hide was given to his ancestors, with this
service annexed, by Henry I. In a subsequent record it is
said, that Ralph Postel's land, which was worth 20 s. per
annum, was escheated to the crown, and that it had been held
by the service of collecting the Queen's wool, and that if he
did not collect it, he was to forfeit 20 s. to the crown. By
the same MS. it appears, that the above serjeanty was after-
wards granted to Peter Baldwin -f-.

Blount, p. 79, in order to supply the blank in the place where
he confesses that the record was illegible, and which he only
does by guess, puts in the word spinas, and then gives this
account of the tenure, viz. that the Queen's tenant here held
this little manor by the service of " going a wool-gathering
for the Queen among the thorns and briars." And the author
of a treatise since published, called " Domesday Book illus-
trated," p. 175, follows Blount, without any other explanation
of him, than by translating the words, " coadunandi lanani
Reginse," winding or mixing, or working up the Queen's
wool with other wool, or gathering wool for the Queen.

: ] ' —

. * No. 313, called a Transcript of knights the reigns of Hen. III. and King John. The
fees, and other tenures of lands, and also of originals are not now to be found,
escheats and wards belonging to the crown in f Lysons's Environs, vol. i. p. 236.

Q Q 2 Now,

300

Now, the truth is, that " the original revenue of our ancient
Queens, before and soon after the Conquest, consisted in cer-
tain reservations or rents out of the demesne lands of the
crow^n, which were expressly appropriated to the Queen, dis-
tinct from the King. In Domesday Book, after specifying the
rent due to the crown, it was not uncommon to add likewise
the quantity of gold, or other renders, reserved to the Queen.
These were frequently appropriated to particular purposes;
to buy wool for her Majesty's use, to purchase oil for her
lamps, or to furnish her attire from head to foot*."

This manor of Cumbe was plainly one of those " reservations
or rents out of the demesne lands of the crown," spoken
of by Blackstone, as " expressly appropriated to the Queen's
use ;" and, in the present instance, for the first of the pur-
poses there mentioned, viz. " for buying wool for her Majesty's
use." Hurafrid the Chamberlain, who farmed this manor of
the Queen by the service of co-adunating, i. e. getting toge-
ther this wool, might possibly pay it in kind, collecting their
respective portions of the several under-tenants. In succeeding
times, however, particularly when Postel, and afterwards
Baldwin, farmed this manor, the wool-rent was compounded
for by the payment of 20 s. a jear, in silver, at the Exche-
quer ; and a rent paid in silver was always called alba firma.
The blank therefore in the above-mentioned record of the
39 Hen. III. is undoubtedly to be filled up by the word
firmam, whereby the whole will be rendered perfectly intel-

* See Blackstone's Coram, vol. i. p. 221, and the authorities there cited, among which is the
•very article in question.

ligible.

301

ligible, viz. that Peter Baldwin held the serjeanty in Cumbes
by collecting the Queen's wool (not " per albas spinas " oif
the thorns and briars of the manor, but) " per albam firmam/'
i. e. by compositions in silver, to be paid by the respective
under-tenants, to the amount of 20 s. a-year, or whether he
did or not, should at least pay that sum annually himself for
the same at the Treasury*.

SOTTEBROC, €OUNTY OF BERKS.

In the time of King Henry II. Hugh de Sottebroc held one
knight's fee at Sottebroc, in the county of Berks, by the service
of finding coals for making the crown of our lord the King and
his royal ornaments, taking sixty shillings and ten pence a-year
for finding the said coals -j-.

MARSTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

John le Wafre held two virgates of land here by the service
of conducting the treasure of our lord the King, from Hereford
to London, as often as he should be summoned by the sherifi*,
with one horse and an iron helmet, at the costs of the King, to
wit, twelve pence a day, towards London, and returning at his
own proper costs:]:.

* Gent. Mag. 1789, pp. 202, 203. summonitus faerit per vicecomitem cum uno

f Ex Lib. Niger Scacc. edit, per Tho. eqao et capello ferreo sumptibus dni Regis,

Hearne, p. 187, inter notas. viz. xii d. quolibet die versus London, et ia

J John le Wafre ten', ii virgat' ter'. per redeundo sumptibus suis propriis. Plac.

servitium condncendi thesaurum diii Regis de CorOn. 20 £dw. I. Goiigh's Camd. vol. ii.

Hereford usque ad London, quotiescunque p. 461.

LISTON,

302

LISTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

John de Liston held the town or farm of Liston, in the county
of Essex, by the serjeanty of making baskets ^ for the King *.

f Canistellos. Little baskets. Ainsworth's Law Lat. Diet. E.

BURES, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Roger de Leyburn holds Bures, and Robert de Sutton of him,
by the serjeanty of scalding the King's hogs -f-.

LANCASTER, THE TOWN OF.

Margaret Docket held nine messuages, four tofts, and one hun-
dred and forty acres of land, &c. in the town of Lancaster, of the
King, as of his Duchy of Lancaster, by serjeanty, and to find one
bricklayer for the works of the castle of our lord the King, at
Lancastei', to take one penny per day ; which said work was rented
at five shillings yearly, and suit to the county court of Lancaster
and wapentake of Lonesdale, and suit to mill of Loune, for one
bushel of wheat:]:.

SUTTON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Robert Sutton holds two yard-lands in Sutton, by the service

* Ex Lib. Rub. Scacc. 137. Append, to caster de Rege ut de, &c. per seriant' et inve-

Brady's Introduct. 22. niend'. 1 cement', pro op'ibus Castri dni R.

■f Rogerus de Leyburn; Robertas de Sut- Lane, capiend'. per diem Id. q. q'd. opera

ton de eo tenet Bures^ per serjantiam escal- arentat' ad 5 s. per ann. et sect. com. Lane,

daudi porcos Regis. Es Lib. Rub. Scacc. et wapentake de Lonesdale, et sect, molend

Ibid. 23. de Loune, pro 1 b. gran. A° 20 Hen. VII.

X Marg'ta Docket ten'. 9 mess'. 4 toft. Harl." MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2085, p. 436.
140 acr'. ter'. 8tc. cum pertin'. in villa de Lan-

803

of finding one horse to carry the King's treasure towards London*
twice a-year*.

And Osbart de Sutton held a certain serjeanty there, for which
he was to find for our lord the King, one horse with a collar <[f to
conduct his treasure every year at Michaelmas, from the town of
Salop -f.

f Capistrum. See note on Willoughby, p. 143.

BERKENHEAD ABBEY, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

Richard Prepositus (Reeve) holds three oxgangs §||§ of land there
by keeping the wainhouses .^||$ of our lord the King %.

§111 Bovata terrse. See note on Carleton, p. 145.

"i^^WX Waynag, wannagia, wannage, seems to signify wainhx)uses,
or necessary out-houses for husbandry. Blount's Law Diet,
sub. voce.

STANFFORDE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Henry Pygot holds two yard-lands [-[•], with the appurtenances,
in Stantfoi'de, by the serjeanty of conducting the King's treasure

* Robertus Sutton tenet duas virgat'. terr'. quolibet anno ad festum Sancti Mich'is & villa

in Sutton, per servic'. inveniendi unum equum de Saloppe. Tenentes de domino Rege

ad ducend. thesaur' Regis versus London, bis Hen. II. De Escaetis Gerardi de Thurnay.

in anno. Nomina tenentium per serjantiam Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 1087, p. 18.
de diio Rege Joh'is in com. Salop. Harl. J Ricardus Prepositus tenet 3 bovat'. ter'.

MS. Brit. Mus. No. 1087, p. 13. per waynag diii R. custodiend'. Feodary for

t Seriant. Osbart de Sutton, in Sutton, the county of Lancaster. Ibid, No. 2085,

pro qua debuit invenire diio R. unum equum p. 434.
cum capistro ad conducend. thesaur' diii R.

304

to London, and of summoning his barons to the army, at the
costs of our lord the King *.

[•f] Virgata terrse. See note on Nether Overton, p. 130.

HEREFORD, THE CITY OF.

The Knights Hospitallers held a certain place in Hereford, in
capitc, of the gift of King Henry, father of King John, by the ser-
vice of mending the causeys in Hereford •]-.

KINGESTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Henry le Fraunceys held half a hide of land in the town of
Kingeston, for which he ought to carry the letters of our lord the
Kihg as often as they should come to Clyfford, in the county of
Hereford |..

BAUMBURGHE, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

Robert, son of Robert le Porter, of Baumburghe, gave to the
King thirteen shillings and four-pence for his relief, for 36 acres
of land and five acres of meadow, with the appurtenances, in
Baumburo-he, which the said Robert his father held of the Kine:
in capite by the service of keeping the gate of the Castle of
Baumburghe, to take for keeping the same two-pence a day, and

* Henricus Pygot tenet duas virgatas terre patris Regis Joh'is pro cauceis emendandis in

cum pertin'. in Stanfforde per serianciam ad Hereford. Testa de Nevil. Harl. MS. Brit,

conducend. thes'. diii Kegis apud London, ad Mus, No. 6765, p. 33.

custum dni Regis ; et ad sumnionend. Baron J Henricus le Fraunceys, tenet in villa de

ad exercitiim. tie scutagio com. Hereford, Kingeston, dim. hid. Debet portare I'ras dni

temp. Edw. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. Regis, quotiescunque venerunt in com. Here-

6765, p. 19. ford apud Clyfforde. De Serianciis, temp.

-f- Hospit'. tenent quandam placeam in Hen. II. Ibid. p. 24.
Hereford, iu capite de done Henrici Regis,

S05

of finding one watchman every night in the time of peace and war
upon a certain gate, called Smythate, in the Castle aforesaid, and
paying yearly at the Exchequer of the Castle of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, six shillings and eight-pence, and at the town of Bamburgh,
pur shillings and five-pence *.

FROMYNTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Richard Freman, nephew and heir of William le Freman, made
fine with the King by half a mark for his relief of certain lands
and tenements, which the said William held of the King in capite
the day he died, in Fromynton, in the county of Hereford, by the
service of carrying one rope, without the wall of the Castle of
Hereford, whilst it should be measured -f.

LA OKE, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Thomas de Holeford and Cecilia his wife, sister and heir of
Sibilla de Apetot, gave 12s. for their relief for certain tenements in
La Oke, which the same Sibilla held of the King in capite, by the
serjeanty of conducting the King's treasure from the Castle of
Hereford to London, and by the service of summoning the Bishop

. — " . ■ ■ I ■! .1 I I I ■ ii.. ■ I I. I M. ■ I I I Mhl

* Robertus, filius Roberti le Porter, de Baumburgbe 4s. 5 d. De termino Mich'.

Baumburghe, dat Regi ISs. 4d. de relevio a° 3° Edw. III. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

siio pro 36 acr'. terr', et 5 acr'. prati, cum 34, p. 99-

pertin'. in Baumburghe quas dictus Robertas -f* Ricardus Freman, nepos et heres Wil-

pater tenuit in capite de Rege per servitium lielmi le Freman, finem fecit cum Rege per

custodiendi portam Castri de Baumburghe, dimidiam marcain pro relevio sua de qui-

capiend'. pro custodia ejusdem 2 d. per diem, busdam ter'. et ten', q. predictus Willielmus

et inveniend'. unum vigilatorem qualibet nocte tenuit de Rege in capite die quo obijt, in Fro-

tempore pacis et guerre super quandam por- mynton, in com. Heref. per servitium portandi

tarn vocat Smythate in Castro predicto, et unam cordam citra muium Castri Hereford,

reddend'. per annum ad Scaccarium Castri Novi dum mensural' fuerit. De ternuno Mich', a"

Castri super Tynam vjs. viijd. et ville de 3 Edw. II. Ibid. pp. 57> SS.

R R of

306

of Hereford at Bromyard, when he should be impleaded by the

King *.

SKEFTYNTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

Thomas Randoll, son and heir of John Randoll, gave to the
King forty-pence for his relief for one messuage, a moiety of one
yard land, and eighteen-penee rent in Skeftynton, held of the King
in capite, which same messuage or tenement was of the serjeanty
which Baldwin de Skeftynton sometime held, and for which he was
to carry the King's writs in his wars in England -f-.

HAVERISHOLME, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

John de Appleby gave to our lord the King twenty-two shillings

and two-pence for his relief, viz. twenty-two shillings for the manor

of Haverisholme, in the county of Cumberland, held of the King in

capite by grand serjeanty, viz. by the service of finding one tree

for the King's paunage, in the forest of our lord the King in Ingle-

wode (Inglewood), and by the service of keeping his hogs in that

forest until they were appraised, for which service the same John

was to receive one hog by the hands of the keeper of the forest

aforesaid, or of his deputy there J,

SUTHERTON,

* Thomas de Holeford et Cecilia uxor ejus, KaHdoII, dat Regi xLd. pro relevio sue de

soror et heres Sibillae de Apetot, dant 1 2 s. de uno messuagio niediet' uiiius virgat'. terr'. et

relevio suo pro quibusdain tent', in la Oke, que 18 d. redditus in Skeftyngton, tent de Rege in

eadem Sibilla tenuit de Rege in capite, per capite, que quidem tenementa sunt de ser-

serianc'. conducend'. thesaurum Regis de Castro jantia quam Baldewinus de Skeftyngton ali-

Heref. usq. London, et per servic'. summon- quando tenuit, et pro qua debet portare Brevia

endi Episcopum Hereford apud Bromyard, Regis in guerra Anglie. De termino Hil.

quando impli'tat' per Regem. De termino anno 3 Edw. II. HarJ. MS. Brit. Mus. No.

Mich, anno 12 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. 34, p. 54.

No. 34, p. 2. . . + Johannes de Appleby dat domino Regi

^ Thomas Randoll, filius et heres Johannis xxiis. ij d. de relevio suo, viz. xxiis. inde pro

manerio

a07

SUTHERTON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Ralph Barun holds half a bovat of land in Sutherton, by service,
that he should be bricklayer in the Castle (of Lancaster), or for
five shilling yearly, at the King's election *.

YORK, THE CITY OF.

David Lardinar holds one piece of land in York, by the service
of keeping the gaol, and of selling the cattle which were taken for
the debts of our lord the King, and it was worth yearly five
shillings -f*.

BINSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

William de Meaulinges holds his land by the serjeanty of selling
the cattle of our lord the King at the market-place of Norwich^
and his land in Binston was worth forty shillings J.

SCEPERDESLOND, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

William Lorens (amongst other things) holds one acre of land^
five acres in the fields, and one portion of meadow, which is

manerio de Hauerisholme in com. Cumbr'. inentarius in Castro (Lancastriae) vel per v

tent, de Rege in capite per magnam serjan- sol', per annum, ad elecoem diii Reg. Testa de

tiamj viz. per servitium inveniendi ununi libr'. Nevil, p. 372.

ad pannagium Regis in forest', diii Regis in f David Lardinar' tenet unam terram in

Inglewode, et per servitium custodiendi por- Ebor. per servicinm 'custodiendi gayolam, et'

cos in eadem foresta donee appretiantur^ pro vendendi averia que capta sunt pro debitis dni

quo servitio idem Johannes percipere debet Regis, et valet per annum v solid. Ibid.

unum porcum per manus custodis foreste pre- p. 368.

dicte vel ejus locum teneutis ibidem. Ue ter- J Willielmns de Meaulinges ten', terram

mino Hilarij, anno 9 Ric. II. Harl. MS. Brit. suam per serjantiam vendendi averia dni Reg'.

Mus. No. 34, pp. 293, ^94. ad forum de Norwico, et valet terram suam la

* Radus Barun tenet dimidiam bOvatam 'Binston xl a. Xbid. p. 2S4.
tetre (in Sutherton) per servicium quod sit ce-
ll R 2 called

308

called Sceperdeslond, by the service of seven shillings and one
penny, or to keep the sheep of our lord the King ; and if he did
thiji service he was to give nothing*.

SECT. XIV.

Of I^ands formerly held of the Crown by various other

Tenures.

CHESTER, THE COUNTY PALATINE OF.

William the Conqueror first gave this province to Gherbord |j§lj,
a nobleman of Flanders, who had only the same title and power as
the officiary earls amongst the Saxons had enjoyed, the inheritance,
the earldom and grandeur of the tenure, being not yet settled.
Afterwards Hugh Lupus, the son of the Viscount of Auranches, a
nephew of William the Conqueror by his sister, received this earl-
dom from the Conqueror under the greatest and most honourable
tenure that ever was granted to a subject ; he gave him this whole
county to hold to him and his heirs as freely by the sword, as the
King held the crown of England -f.

And consonant thereunto, in all indictments for felony, murder,

* Willielmus Lorens {inter al'.) tenet unam -f- Habendum et tenendum dictum comita*

«cram, et quinque acras in campis, et unam turn Cestri% sibi et haeredibus suis ita libeie

porciotiem prati, quod vocatur Sceperdeslond, ad gladium, sicut ipse Rex totam tenebat i^ng-

per vij s. et unum den', vel custodire oves diii liam ad Coronam. Camd. Brit. tit. Chtshire.

Regis, et si fac'. serviciuro nihil dabit. Rotuli JBlount, 106.
jHundredoium, vol. i, p, SH.

&c. in

309

&c. in that county palatine, the form of conclusion was antiently,
against the peace of our lord the earl, his Sword and dignity*.

mil Gherhord was brother of Lady Gundreda, who married Earl
Warren. Order. Vitalis, p. 522.

SURREY, THE EARLDOM OF.

In the 6th year of King Edward I. (anno 12T8) after the making
the statute of Quo Warranto in the parliament held at Gloucester,
the King, by his justices, questioning certain of his great subjects
by what title they held their lands ; among others, John Earl
Warren and Surrey, being called, and demanded by what warrant
he held his, shewed them an old sword, and unsheathing it, said,
" Behold, my lords, here is my warrant ; my ancestors coming into
" this land with William the Bastard, did obtain their lands by the
" sword, and I am resolved by the sword to defend them, against
" whomsoever shall endeavour to dispossess me : for that King did
" not himself conquer the land, and subdue it, but our progenitors
" were sharers and assistants therein -f."

And good sharers were they ; for it appears that William the
first Earl Warren ^, was at the time of making the general survey
(Domesday) possessed of two hundred lordships in several
counties of England, whereof Conisborough in Yorkshire was one,
which had twenty-eight towns and hamlets within its soke $.

f He married Gundreda, daughter to the Conqueror, and was
founder of the Abbey of Lewes in Sussex. He had issue by

• Contta pacem domini comitis Gladium et -}• Bar. of Engl. vol. i. Blount, 9.

dignitates suas. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Plea« % Blount^ 9.

«f the Sword.

her^

310

her, William de Warren the second earl, who had issue William
de Warren the third earl, and he had issue Isabell de Warren
his daughter and heir, who married to her second husband
Hameline Plantagenet, base son of Geoffrey, Earl of Anjou,
and half brother to King Henry II. and by him had issue Wil-
liam Plantagenet, Earl of Warren and Surrey, father of the
above-mentioned John, who shewed the judges by what warrant
he held his estate,

TUTBURY, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

Walter Achard, or Agard, claimed to hold by inheritance, the
office of escheator and coroner through the whole Honour of Tut-
bury in the county of Stafford, and the bailiwick of Leyke; for
which office he could produce no evidences, charter, or other
waiting, but only a white hunter's horn, decorated in the middle,
and at each end, with silver gilt: to which also was affixed a girdle
of fine black silk (byssi nigri) adorned with certain buckles of
silver, in the midst of which were placed the arms of Edmund XU
(Crouchback, the first Earl of Lancaster) second son of King
Henry III *.

Probably the above-mentioned offices were enjoyed by the family
of Ferrers of Tamworth f , by this horn, before they came to the
Ao"ards ; for Nicholas Agard of Tutbury, who was living A. D.
1569, married Ehzabeth, daughter and coheir of Roger Ferrer-S,
the eleventh son of Sir Thomas Ferrars of Tamworth.

* Pro quo officio nuUas evidentias, cartas, argenteis ornatum, in medio quorum posita

vel alia scripta proferre possit, nisi tantum cor- sunt insignia Edniundi secundi filii Regis Hen-

nu venatorium album, argento inguratp in me- ricii Tertii. M. S. D. St. Lo. Knivetoiij, fo.

dio et utroque fine decoratum^ cui etiam affi- g49. Bbun^ 25.

gilur cingulum bjssi nigri fibulis quibusdam

From

311

Fi*om Agai-d, the horn descended by a marriage with the heiress of
that family, to the Stanhope's of Elvaston, and was a few years ago
purchased of Charles Stanhope of Elvaston, esq. by Mr. Samuel
Foxlowe, of Stavely, in Derbyshire, who enjoyed the posts above-
mentioned by this tenure, and in virtue of his being in possession of
the horn. The posts or offices conveyed by the horn, were those of
feodaty, or bailiff in fdje, i. e, hereditary steward of the two royal
manors of E^>st and West Leake in Nottinghamshire, escheator,
coroner, and clerk of the market of the Honour of Tutbury, the
second of which offices, viz. escheator, is now in a manner ob-
solete *.

1\^.\\X This cannot be admitted, for the first coat is quarterly France
and England, with a label of three points charged with fleurs
de lis. Now Edmund Crouchback had nothing to do with the
arms of France, neither is there any instance of his bearing
them at any time. Besides in the French quarter, the fleurs de
lis are stinted to three, which was not done in England till the
reign of Henry IV. or about that time. This coat, therefore, is
no older than that age, and consequently must be the bearing
either of John of Gaunt, at the latter end of his time, or of his
son Henry, afterwards King Henry IV. probably of the former,
and perhaps may be the sole instance now extant, of his bearing
the fleurs de lis so stinted.

f For the arms of Robert de Ferrers, the last Earl of Derby of
that surname, who was attainted of high treason for taking up
iirms against King Henry IH. at the battle of Evesham, in 1265,
and to whom the Honour of Tutbury belonged before such

* Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn as a Charter. Archaeol. vol. iii. p. 5, et sequ.
passim.

attainder,

812

attainder, are impaled with the arms of Lancaster. The arms
of Ferrers are vaire, or, and gules *.

MANSFIELD-WOODHOUSE, COUNTY OF
NOTTINGHAM.

Sir Robert Plumpton, knight, was seised of one borate of land
in Mansfield-Woodhouse, in the county of Nottingham, called
AVolf-hunt-land, held by the service of winding a horn, and chasing
(driving) or frightening the wolves in the forest of Shirewood -f-.

PINLEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK,

Adam de Oakes was found by inquisition to have died seised of
certain tenements in Pinley in the county of Warwick, which he
held of the King by the payment of a halfpenny per annum, called
warth ^ X'

LIGHTHORN, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

The Earl of Warwick is lord of Lighthorn in the county of
Warwick, and holds it of the King in capite, &c. The whole town
was geldable ||§|1, and paid escuage [:^] and warth ^, and went to the
two great sheriffs turns §.

^ Warth is the same with ward-penny, that is, money paid ob Castri
prsesidiura, vel excubias agendas, i. e. for guarding of a castle,
or for performing the duty of a centinel or watchman there.
Blount. See p. 186.

* Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn as § Comes Warwici est domiiius de LigJithorxl

a Charter. ArchaeoL vol. iii. p. 5, et sequ. in com. Warwic. at tenet de Rege in capite,

passim. 8lc. Tola villa est Geldabilis et dat scuta-

t £scaet. 11 Hen. VI. n. 5. Blount, 94. gium et warth, et venit ad duos magnos tuinos

Archaeol. vol. iii. p. 3. vicecomitis. Inquis. 7 Edward I. in Scacc.

4: Rot, fin. 18 Edw. II. n. 26. Blount, 8. Blount, 60.

11§|1 Geldable.

Geldable. TaxaMe, Kfebk td {>ay tax oi- tribute. KoAnt's La#
Diet, sUb voce.

[+] Escuage. A payment in lieu of going in person to the wars.
Litt. Tenures, sect. 95, et sequent.

KING S-BROME, COUNTY OF WARWIClt.

In the 14th year of King Edward II. Richard de San(!^6rd held
one toft and four yard-lands and a half in King's-Brome, in the
county of Warwick, of the King in capite, by the service of a pair
of tongs to be delivered yearly into the Exchequer, by the hands
of the sheriff of that county *.

NORTHAMPTON, THE TOWN OP.

William the Conqueror gave to Simon St. Liz, a noble Normaii,
the town of Northampton, and the whole hundred of Falkely
(Fausley,) then valued at forty pounds per annum, to providie shdeST
for his horses -f.

BRIDGNORTH, COUNTY OF SALOP.

■-■'••• -i ■• -
Ralph de Pitchford behaved himself so valiantly at the Castle of

Bridgnorth, upon the revolt of Robert de Belesme, Earl of Shrews-
bury, from King Henry L that the King gare hini Little Brug ntear
it, to hold by the service of finding dry wood for the great chamber
of the Castle of Brug (Bridgnorth) against the coniirig of his sbve-
reign lord the Kingj:.

HALLINGBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX

Roger, sometime taylor to our lord the King, held one carucate

* Escaet, 14 Edw. 11. n. 39. Blount, 15. . t Jorval, id est, Joh. ^ronjptoa. Blouut, l6.
I Camd. Brit. tit. Shropshire. Blount,; 16. ,..,,„ ,j;.

s s of

314

of land in Hallingbury in the county of Essex, by the serjeanty of
paying at the King's Exchequer, one silver needle yearly, on the
morrow of St. Michael *.

EXMORE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

King Henry III. gave to William de Plessets, the bailiwick of
Exmore, in the county of Somerset, by the service of paying to the
King for the same fourteen little heifers and a young bull, or for
each of them ten pence ■f.

GLOUCESTER, THE CITY OF.

In the time of King Edward (the Confessor) the city of Glou-
cester paid thirty-six pounds by tale, and twelve sextaries ||§|| of
honey, according to the town's measure, and thirtj-six dickers :|;-jv}:
of iron, and a hundred slender iron rods ^ for making nails for the
King's ships, and some other small customs (customary payments)
in the King's hall and chamber J.

j|§|| A sextary, was an antient measure, containing our pint and a
half, and in some places more. Blount. See p. 190.

X-fX -^ dicker of iron contained ten bars. Blount. From the British
or Celtic word deg, the Armoric dek, or the French dix, ten.

* Rogerus-, quondam cissor domini Regis, ]ibet eorum x d. Orig. de anno 35 Edw. III.

tenuit unani carucatam terrae in Hallingbury, Blount, 29.

com. Essex, per serjantiam solvend. ad Scac- J Tempore Regis Edwardi reddebat civitas

carium domiiii Regis unam Acum argeuteam de Gloucestre xxxvi libras numeratas, et xii

quolibet anno in crastino Sancti Michaelis. sextaria mellis ad mensuram ejusdem burgi,

Plac. Coron. de IS Edw. I. Blount, 28. et xxxvi ferri, et c virgas ferreas ductiles ad

•f Henrieus III. dedit Willielmo de-Plessets clavos navium Regis, et quasdam alias minutas

balivam de Exmore in com. Somerset, per consuetudines in aula et in camera Regis,

servitium reddendi eidem Regi proinde xiv Domesday, tit. Gloucestre. Blount, 33.
juvenculas et uuucu tauriculum, vel pro quo-

The

Sl5

The Latin word decern seems to come from the same root, a^
well as the Greek a/ka!, ten. E.

^ Virgas ferreas ductiles. Iron rods wrought into a fit size for
making nails for the King's ships. Blount.

NORWICH, THE CITY OF.

In the time of King Edward (the Confessor) there were num-
bered in the city of Norwich, one thousand three hundred and
twenty burgesses, at which time it paid twenty pounds to the King,
and ten pounds to the Earl, and besides these, it paid twenty shil-
lings, and four prebendaries§§, and six sectaries of honey, and a
bear, and six dogs for the bear. After the Conquest, it paid seventy
pounds by weight to the King, and a hundred shillings for ger-
sum [*J to the Queen, and a palfrey =, and twenty pounds blanch
money j^ to the Earl, and twenty shillings of gersum [^], by the
tale *-

§§ What prsebendarios may here signify, I cannot well tell, some
think chaplains, others, more probkbly, certain measures of pro-
vender for horses, which measure debet esse 13 poUicum latitu-
dinis infra circulum, et altitudinis trium poUicum (i. e. ought to
be thirteen inches wide within the rim, and three inches high.)
Blount. The second interpretation I take to be the truer. P.

[*] Gersuma Regina. Is a fine to the Queen, otherwise called Aurum
Reginae. Blount. See Queen-gold, p. 296. E.

* Tempore Regis Edwardi in civitate Nor- et sex canes ad ursum : mode vero reddit Lxx

•wici Mcccxx burgenses numerabantur, quo libras pensas Regi, et centum solidos de ger-

tempore reddebat xx libras Regi, et comiti suma Reginje, et asturconem, et xx libras

X libras, et praeter haec xx solidos et quatuor blancas comiti, et xx solidos de gersuma ad

prsbeudarios^ et lex sextarios mellis, et ursum, numerum. Domesday, Blount, 137.

s g 2 Gersuma.

316

persiui^a. I suppose to be a fine for a renewfJ af a lease, for I
take it to be the same with the word in Scot's Practice and Law,
called Grassum, which has the above signification. W-

= Asturconem. A little nag or palfrey. Sir Henry Spelman in-
terprets it, equus generosior. Blount. Quaere, if not a hawk ?
See pp. 66 and 67. E.

^ Libras blancas- Is contradistinguished to libras ad numerum,
the first was money paid by weight, the other by tale. The

, French indeed call coin of brass, or copper, silvered over,
monnoye blanche. Blount.

FULMER, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

Sir Marmaduke Darel, knight, holds of our lord the King the
manor of Fuli^er, in the county of Bucks, by the service of on^
»ed rose yearly *.

SWINTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

\Yi'lUam_ Fitz-Daniel holds four oxgangs and a half of land in
Svk^inton in the county of York, paying therefore yearly one flas-

kqtJl§li,,&c.t.

Flasjiettum„ A kind of basket. Blount. Why not flask or
bottle? Flaska has that: signification, and this seems to be a
dinjinutlve of it. A- A wash-tub, in the West-Riding of York-
shire, is usually called a flasket. E.

* Marmaducus Darel, miles, teuet de do- bovatas terras et dimid. in Swinton in com.

mine Rege manerium de Fulmer, in com. Ebor. reddendo inde per annum unum flas-

Bucks, per servitium unius rosae rubeae per kettum, &c. Plac. Coron. 15 Hen. III. Ebor.

annum. Escaet. 3 Hen. VI. Blount, 41. Rot, 17. Blount, 48.

t Willieliiius filius Daniel tenet quatuor

3$r

It is impossible^ fkskettimii caiJf ni«an a basket, tinless Mr^ BlouM
alwcfes to a smali l^ottle or, flask eovefed with basket-work. I
tMnk it applies to something of that description, of of what a
soldier tige», called a canteen. W.

Probably the same with what Shakspeare calls " a twiggen bottle."
In Othello, act ii, sc. 3, Cassio sajs to Montano,

" A knave ! teach me my duty !

" ril beat the knave into a twiggen bottle."

(i. e.) A wickered bottle. Note. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

STAPLEHERST, COUNTY OF KENT.

The tenement of Newstede, with the appurtenances, in the town
of Staplehurst, in the county of Kent, is held of the manor of East-
Oreenwich, by fealty only and in free socage, by a patent dated the
3d February, 4th Edw. VI. (1549.) And by the payment for smoke-
silver f yearly to the sheriff, the sum of sixpence*.

^ There is smoke-silver and smoke-penny paid to the ministers of
divers parishes, conceived to be paid in lieu of tithe-wood
(spent for fuel in the parishioner's houses.) Or it may, as in
many places at this day, be a continued payment of the Rome-
scot, or Peter-pence. Blount's Law Diet. tit. smoke-silver.

MORE, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Walter de Aldeham holds land' of- the King, in the More, in the

* Tenementum Nf wstedej cum peitin. in liteitem tantum et in libero socagio, per paten,
villa de Stapleherst, in comitatu Cantiae, te- dat. 3 Feb. 4 Edw., VI. &c. Inquis. post
netutde maneiio de East Greenwich; per fide- Mortem Domiui Wotton, 162&.. Blount, 123.

county

318

county of Salop, by the service of paying to the King yearly, at
his Exchequer, two knives, (whittles) whereof one ought to be of
that value (or goodness) that at the first stroke it would cut asunder,
in the middle, a hasle rod of a year's growth, and of the length of
a cubit (half a yard) &c, which same service ought to be done in
the middle of the Exchequer, in the presence of the treasurer and
barons, every year, on the morrow of St. Michael : and the said
knives (whittles) to be delivered to the Chamberlain to keep for the
King's use*.

PLOMPTON, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

In King Henry the Third's time, Walter de Plompton held
certain lands in Plompton, in the parish of Kingsbury and county
of Warwick, by a certain weapon, called a Danish axe, which
being the very charter whereby the said land was given to one of
his ancestors, hung up for a long time in the hall of the capital
messuage, in testimony of the said tenure -f-.

It appears by several authorities, that the heirs of Sir John
Bracebrigg were afterwards seised thereof, by the title of the
manor of Plompton %. r

WHITTINGTON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Beneath Whittington in Shropshire, one Wrenoc, son of Meuric,

* Walferus de Aldeham tenet terram de in crastino Sancti Michaelis fieri debet. El

Rege, in la JVJore, in com. Salop, per servi- dicti cultelli liberentur Camerario ad opus

tium reddendi Regi per annum ad Scaccarium Regis custodiend. com. Mich. 3 Ric. II.

suum duos cultellos, quorum unus talis valoris Rot. 1. Salop. Blount, 135.

esse debet, ut virgam coryleam unius anni, et f Dugdale's Warwickshire, fol. 765, a.

longitudinis unius cubiti, ad priniam percus- Blount, 18.

sionem per medium scindere debet, &c. Quod ;}: Dugd. Warw. 765. Comp. Copyholder,

quidem servitiura in medio Scaccarii in pre- 430.

geDtia thesaurarii et baronum, quolibet anno, | Camd. Brit. tit. Shropshire, Blount, 17.

held

S19

Keld lands by the service of being latimer f between the English
and the Welshmen *.

% Latimer. Trucheman, or interpreter. Blount. I believe it should
be Latiner, for so the modern Latinarius did signify ; one
whose skill in the Latin was presumed to enable him to under-
stand all other languages. Bishop Kennetf s notes on Blount,
communicated to the editor by R. Gough, esq. F. R. S. and
F. S. A.

LIDINGELAND, THE HUNDRED OF, COUNTl' OF

SUFFOLK.

John de Baliol holds the moiety of the hundred of Lidingeland,
which was seised into the hands of the King, because he did not
offer himself personally to bear the rod before the justices in eyre
in the same county ■f.

EGGEFEILD, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

Walter le Rus, and Alice his wife, hold twelve acres of land in
Eggefeild, by the service of repairing the iron works of the King's
plows :\..

PUSEY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

The manor of Pusey, in the county of Berks, was long in the
possession of a family of that surname, and held by a horn, given
to their ancestors by King Canute. Ingulphus has expressly

* Camd. Brit. tit. Shropshire. Blount, 17. J Walterus le Rus, et Alicia uxor ejus, te-

•|- Johannes de Balliolo tenet medietatem nent duodecim acras terrse in Eggefeild, per

hundred! de Lidingeland, quae seisita fuit in servitium reparandi ferramenta ad carucas

nianus Regis, eo quod ipse non optulit se Regis. Plac. Coron. 30 Hen, III. Lane.

personaliter ad portandum virgam coram jus- Blount; 93.

ticiariis itinerantibus in eodem comitatu.

Claus. 15 Edw. I. Suffolk. Blount, 24. told

0?o

told us that in tliose days it was comntou to make grants of land^
among other things, by horns *.

Doctor Hickes informs us, that both the liorn and manor were,
in his time, (about 1685) possessed by Charles Pusey, who had
recovered it in Chancery before Lord Chancellor Jefferies ; the
horn itself being produced in court, and with universal admiration
received, admitted, and proved to be the identical horn, by which,
as by a charter, Canute had conveyed the manor of Fusey 700
years before -f-.

This horn^^ which is now (or was very lately) in the possession of

Mrs. Jane Allen, of Pusey, sister of the late -^-^ Pusey, esq.

and representative of the family, has the following inscription in
Saxon characters round it, viz.

l&gng EnotoDe geue mgnpam Petose,
€i)g0 f)Ocne to fiolDe bp t&g lonD J,

CARLISLE, THE CITY OF.

At the parliament held the 18th Edw. I. Ralph, Bishop of
Carlisle, demanded against the prior of the church of Carlisle the
tithes of two plots of land, newly assorted (converted into tillage)
in the forest of Inglewood, whereof one was called Lynthwait,
and the other Kirkethwait, and which belonged to the aforesaid
bishop, by reason that th€ aforesaid places were within the limits

* Conferebantur etiain primo multa praedia, sagitta, Ingulphus, p. 70. Archa^logia, vol. iii.

nudo verbo, absque scripta vel charta, tantunv p. 2. Camd. Brit. tit. Berkshire,
cumdominigladiojvel galea, vel CORN V, vel f Thesaurus. PrEef. p. xxv. Archaelog; vol.

cratera; et plurima tenementa, cum calcari, iii. p. 13.
cum strigili, cum arcu; et nonnulla cum J Itud, p. 14.

321

of his parish church of Aspatrick. And thereupon likewise came
Mr. H. de Burton, parson of the church of Thoresby, and claimed
the same tithes as belonging to his church. And the prior came
and-isaid, that the tithes aforesaid belonged to him and to his
church of St. Mary of Carlisle, and not to the aforesaid bishop,
for he said that our lord the old King Henry, granted to God and
his church of the Blessed Mary of Carlisle, and to the canons
there serving God, all the tithes of all the lands which the same
lord the King, or his heirs. Kings of England, within the forest
aforesaid, should cause to be converted into tillage, and enfeoffed
the said church thereof by a certain ivory horn ^, which he gave
to his church aforesaid, and which he the said prior then had;
and he prayed judgment, &c. And William Inge, who sued for
the King, said, that the tithes aforesaid belonged to the King
and to no other person, because they were within the bounds
of the forest of Ingle wood. And that the King, in his forest
aforesaid, might build towns, erect churches, assart (cultivate)
lands, and those churches with the tithes of those lands, at his
will, to whomsoever he would, might confer, &c. And because
our lord the King would be certified concerning the premises,
that he might give to every one his due, &c. The King was
to be certified at the next Parliament, &c. *

f The

* Parliamentum, 18 Edw. I. Radulphus persona ecclesiee de Thorisby, et easdem

episcopus Karleol. petit versus priorem ec- decimas clamat ut pertinen'. ad ecclesiatft

clesiae Karleol. decimas duartim placearum suatn, Et prior venit et dicit quod decimae

terra; de novo assart, in foresta de Ingle- praedictae ad ipsum et ecclesiam suam Beatae

wood, quarum una vocatur Lynthwait, et alia Mariae Karleol. pertinent, et non ad prasdictum

Kirkethwait, et quae ad ipsum episcopum per- episcopum, dicit enim quod dominus Hen-

tinent eo quod praedictae placese sunt infra ricus Rex vetus concessit Deo et ecclesise

limites parochiae ecclesiae suae de Aspatericho. suae Beatae Mariae Karleol. et canonicis ibidem

Et super hoc similiter venit Mr. H.de Burton Deo servientibus omnes decimas de omnibus

T T terri*

322

f The liorns, now preserved in the cathedral church of Carlisle,
are improperly so called, being certainly the teeth of some
very large fish*. Ray says they have preserved at Carlisle
two elephant's teeth, fastened in a bone like a scalp, which
they call the horns of the altar -f : and these are supposed to
have been given by King Henry I. to the prior and convent
of Carlisle, when he infeoffed them with the tithes of all assart
lands within the forest of Inglewood, to be held per quoddam
cornu eburneum, i. e. by a certain ivory horn, as above men-
tioned X'

CONWAY CASTLE, CAERNARVON,

Is now held of the crown by Owen Holland, esq. at the annual
rent of six shillings and eight-pence, and a dish of fish to Lord
Hertford, as often as he passes through the town §.

HESTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Edmund Fauconer, who died in 1398, was seised of a house
and lands in the parishes of Ileston and Isleworth, which he
held for terra of life, under Queen Isabel, by a grant of Ed-

terris quas idem dominus Rex aut baeredes sua, cuicunque voluerit conferre, 8cc. Et quia

sui Reges Angliae in foresta praedicta in cul- dominus Rex super praemiss. vult certiorari,

toram redigere fecerint ; et ecclesiam prae- ut unicuique tribuatur quod suum est, assigr

dictam inde feofFavit per quoddam cornu netur, &c. Et certificent Regem ad proxim.

eburneum quod dedit ecclesiaj suae prajdictse, Parliamentum, &c. Rot. Plac. Pari, de Ann.

et quod adhuc habet. Et petit judicium, &c. 18 Edw. I. Rot. 8. 4 Inst. 307. Archaeol.

Et Willielmus Inge qui sequitur pro Rege dicit vol. iii. p. 22.

quod decimae praedicta? pertinent ad Regem * Archaeol. vol. iii. p. 22.

et non ad alium, quia sunt infra bundas fo- •\- Ibid. p. 23.

restae de Inglewood : et quod Rex in foresta % Ibid. p. 22.

sua praedicta potest villas aedificare, ecclesias § Cough's Camd. edit. 1789, vol. ii. p.

coDstruere, terras assartare, et ecclesias illas 559-

cum decimis terrarum illarum, pro voluntate

ward

323

Ward III. The value of the premises was five paunds per annum;
and the record adds, that the tenant was bound to ride among
the reapers in the lords demesnes at Isleworth, upon the Bedrepe^
day, in autumn, with a sparrow-hawk in his hand *. This estate
(called Fawkner Field) is now part of the Child's property -f.

^ Bedrepe or Bederip. See note under Hildsley.

WOODSTOCK, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

The honour of Woodstock is held of the King by the tenure
of presenting a banner yearly, at Windsor Castle, on the 2d of
August, in memory of the battle of Blenheim, fought on that day
in the year 1704. The honour of Woodstock was by Queen Anne
given to John Duke of Marlborough for the victory he obtained on
that day.

THEOBALDS, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

In the year 1441, the manor of Thebaudes being then vested in
the crown, was granted to John Carpenter, master of St. Anthony's
Hospital, in London; John Somerset, Chancellor of the Exche-
quer; and John Carpenter, jun. to be held of the crown by the
annual tender of a bow, valued at 2 s. and a barbed arrow,
value 8d.X

HOME BEDDINGTON, COUNTY OF SURREY.

The records relating to Azores manor, sometimes called Home

* CI. 21 -Ric. II. pt. 2. m. 3. that year at the Tower, but it appears that the

t Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. p. 29. roll has been lost. Lysons's Environs, vol. iv.

t Pat. 19 Hen. VI. p. 2. The substance p. 30.
of this grant is -expressed in the calendar of

T T 2 Beddington,

324

Beddington, are very complete and satisfactory. The Watevils,
who held it of Ric. de Tonbridge, in the Conqueror's time, were
possessed of it in the reign of Hen. II.*. The right of the mesne,
or intermediate lord, was probably either purchased by or granted
to that family, as their successors held it immediately of the King,
by the service of rendering annually a wooden cross-bow, as all the
records express ■]:

WHITE HART FOREST, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Blackmoore Forest, in the county of Dorset, is commonly called
the Forest of AVhite Hart : the inhabitants have a tradition con-
cerning the occasion of the name, that Henry III. hunting here,
and having run down several deer, spared the life of a milk-
white hart, which afterwards T. de Linde, a gentleman of this
county, and his company, took and killed, at which the King,
being highly incensed, fined them severely, and the very lands
they held do, to this day, pay into the King's Exchequer annually,
a pecuniary acknoAvledgment by way of fine, called White Hart

Silver. Fuller, in his Worthies, says, that he paid his propor-

+•
■J-

BROTHERTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

tion^

Not far from the church of Brotherton in Norfolk, is a place of
twenty acres, surrounded by a trench and wall, where, as tradition
says, stood the house in which the Queen of Edward I. was deli-
vered of a son (Thomas Earl of Norfolk). The tenants are still
bound to keep it surrounded by a wall of stone §.

* Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. i. p. 61. chins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. ii. p. 492. Gilpin

t LjBons's Environs, vol. i, pp. 49, 60. on Forest Scenery, vol. ii. p. 274.

1 Fuller's Worthies, Dorsetshire, p. 284. § Gongh's Camd. edit. 1789, vol. iii. p.

Comp. Copj holder, vol. ii. p. 583. Hut- 46.

SWANS-

a25

^WANSCOMBE, COUNTY OF KENT.

Many estates in this county, Surrey, and Essex, are held of the
Castle of Rochester by the tenure of Castle Guard; of these the
manor of Swanscombe is the principal, the owner of which, as
well as the rest, holding their lands of this Castle, had antiently
the charge of it committed to them, and owed their particular
services to the defence of it, called Castle Guard. These services
have been long since converted into annual rents of money *.

WALLBURY, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Adomar de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who died 23d January,
1323, held the manor of Walbery, of the King in capite, by the
service of one silver needle -j^.

HATFIELD BROAD OAK, COUNTY OF E^SEX.

King Edward VI., in 1547, granted to Sir Richard Riche,.
Lord Riche, and his heirs, the manors of Hatfield Braddock and
Bromshobury, otherwise King's -Hatfield ; Hatfield Park ; the
Forest, Chace, and Springs of Hatfield, and Hatfield Manor;
and a windmill, then worth jC80. 9s. 8d. per ann. clear; to be
hdlden of the King by the service of one knight's fee%. He
died 12th June, 1566, holding of the Queen by the twentienth
part of a knight's fee, and the yearly rent of £13. 16s. 4d. The
manor, park, chace, &c, with the hundreds of Ongar and Har-
low, and the wardstafi" of the same hundreds, were then valued at
^101. 15s. 10d.§

* Hasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. ii. p. 15. J Lett. pat. I Edw. VI.

f Morant's Essex, vol. ii. p. 514, cites | Inquis. 19 Eliz. num. 141.

Inquis, 17 Edw. II.

Heriee^

326

Hence it appears that the service of the ward staff came as
low as Queen Elizabeth's reign. In the valuation of the revenues
of the priory in this parish, we find, that there was paid into
the King's hands 11 s. and to the King's bailiff of the hun-
dred of Harlowe, for the wardstaff 3 s. 4d. There was a rate
by the name of ward-penny, collected in the hundred from all
estates but those particularly excepted. The procession of the
wardstaff, and the land owners under it is entirely lost, unless a
copy might be found in the evidence house in Hatfield church,
where are great numbers of writings relating to the monastery
and lordship *.

As the wardstaff of this hundred (Ongar) and that of Harlow,
make a considerable figure in records, it will be proper to insert
the following account of it here f :

Auno'r. Hundr. The order of the gathering and yearly making of
the wardstaff of the King there, with tlie due course and cir-
cumstance of the yearly watch, ward, and service royall, inci-
dent to the same, that is to say :

First. The bailiffe of the said lib'tie or hundred shall gather
and yearly make the wardstaffe of some willow bough, growing
in Abbasse Rothing Wood, the Sunday next before Hock Mun-
day f , which shall containe in length iii quarters of a yard and
VIII inches rounde in compasse or thereabout: and bee shall
convey the same yraediately unto the manner place of Ruckwood-

* Morant, vol. ii. p. 503 and note. had a grant of it for his life, in the 34th year

fThe manuscript whence this was taken, of Henry VIII. 8tc. Morant, vol. i. pp. 126

is an account of the rents of the hundred in 127, note(p).

the time of John Stoner, (of Loughton) who

Hall,

S2T

Hall, in Abbasse-Rothing afores'd, wbere the lord of the said
manor for the tyme being shall reverently the same receive intQ
his house, and shall rowle itt upp in a faire fine lynnen cloth
or towell, and so lay it upon some pillowe or cushion on a t^ble
or cubberd standing in the cbiefe or highest place in the hall of
the said manor place, there to remaine untill the said baihffe
shall have relieved and refreshed himself. And when the sai4
bailiffe shall see convenient tyme to dep%, he shall convey the
same staffe by sunne shineing unto Wardhatch-lane, besides Long
3arnes in Roothing aforesaid, when and where the said Lord of
Buckwpod-Hall, and all and everie other tennant and tennants,
land-owners, which by reason of their tenure doe hould their
lands likewise by service royall, to watch and warde the said
staff there upon convenient summons and warning to be given
unto them yearly by the said Lord of Ruck wood-Hall for the time
being, with their full ordinarie number of able men, well harnished
with sufficient weapon, shall attend : whereuppon the Lord of
Ruckwood-Hall shall then and there yearly, at his proper costs
and charges, have readie prepared a great rope, called a barr,
with a bell hanging on the end of the same, which he shall cause
to be extended overthwart the said lane, as the custom hath
beene, to stay and arrest such people as would pass by. Att the
end of which said barr, not far from the said bell, shall be laid
down reverently the said staffe, upon a pillowe or cushion, on
the grounde ; which done, forthwith the said bailiffe shall severally
call the names of all the aforesaid tenants, land-owners, who
shall present their said ordinarie number of men accordingly.
Then shall the said bailiffe, in the King our soveraigne lord's
name, straightlie charge apd comand them iind eyerie of them,

328

to watcli and keep the ward in due silence, soe that the King^
be harmless, and the countrie scapeless, untill the sunne arrisin^,
when ffood houre shall be for the said Lord of Ruckwood-Hall,
to repaire unto the said stalTe, who, in the presence of the whole
watch, shall take the same staflfe into his hand, and shall make
uppon the upper rind of the same with a knife, a score or notch,
as a marke or token, declaring their loyall service done for that
year in this behalf. And soe shall deliver the said staffe unto the
bailiffe, sending it unto the lord or land-owner of the manner
of Fiffeild, or unto the tenants resiant, saying this notable narracon
of the wardstafFe hereafter written, in the Saxon tongue ; which
done, they may hale up the said barr, and depart at their
pleasure.

THE TALE OF THE WARDSTAFFE.

Iche ayed the staffe by lene |J§

Yane stoffe iche toke by lene,

By lene iche will tellen

How the staffe have I got,

Yotlie stoffe to me com

As he houton for to don,
Faire and well iche him underfinfft

As iche houton for to don,
All iche yer on challenged
That theareon was for to challenge,

Namelicke this and this
And all that thear was for to challenge
Fayer iche him upp dede
As iche houton for to don.

All

32d

All iche warnyd to the ward to cum
That thereto houton for to cum.

By sunne shining
We our roope yeder brouton,

A roope celtan as we houton for to don
And there waren and wakedon,

And the ward so kept ^^

That the King was harmeles

And the country scapeless ;
And a morn when itt day was.

And the sun arisen was,
Faier honour waren to us take

Als us houton for to don,
Fayre* on the staffe we scorden

As we houton for to don,

Fayre we him senden

Hether we howen for to sende,

Andz if their is any man

That his witt siggen J§J can
Iche am here ready for to don, [,

Ayens himself iche one
Yother mind him on
Tender midlyyn feren
Als we yer waren.
Sir by leave take this staife
This is the tale of the wardstaffe.

% Fortnight after Easter.

§+§ Lean sighi^cs tribute.

J§J Witan signifies to blame; so lUittrissen to gainsay; WiteUaf is XMPirNis.

vv The

The Munday fol,lawl»g, Galled Hock Monday, the said staffe shall
be presented yearly unto the lord and owner of the mannor of
Fiffeild for the time being, or his resient, wlio shall yraediately
unfold the clothes it is wrapped in, that it may appear by the
score majde thereon, how the aforesaid Lord of Ruckwood-
Hall and other tennants, which by reason of their tenures of
their lands, owe suit and service to watck the said staffe at
Abb as s-Ro thing aforesaid, have done their watch and service
royall accordingly the night before. Then, shall he cloth it
again, lay it in order, and use it in, every degree as the Lord
of Ruckwood-Hall hath done, &c. This i^ called Abbass
Rothing Watch.

This procession seems to have been a yearly muster of fencible
men, who were appointed to guard the hundred against mur-
thers and robberies, for both which it was liable to pay a fine.
If, by preventing these, the King receives no harm, as in the
loss of a subject or the felonious breach of his peace, the
subject escapes a fine otherwise due for suffering a murtherer
or thief to escape.

The ceremony began at Abbasse Rothing, as at the extremity of
the hundred, went on to Chigwell, the other extreme, and re-
turned to High Laver, whicli was in the neighbourhood of
Ruckwood-Hall. At one of these two manor houses we may
suppose it deposited, with due regard to royal authority.

What we learn from records concerning the design of this Cere-
mony of the wardstaff'e, is, that it was. to repriesent the King's
person, and to keep the King's peace, Si<Mn? lands were held.

SSI

fey the service of finding two men to watch with the wardstaifcfi
of keeping the wafdstaffci and of payihg ward silver, and doing
white service at the wardstaife. To conclude, this wardstaffe
was to be carried through the towns and hundreds of Essex, as
far as a place called Attewode, near the sea, and be thrown
there into the sea. This custom has been long neglected *.

BABINGWORTHE, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Margaret Nynge held lour acres of pasture, two acres of mea-
dow, three acres of wood, in Babingworthe, of our lord the King,
by the service of keeping the rod of our lord the King, called
the wardstaff, at Bobbingworthe, yearly, when he should come
there; by which same rod the person of our lord the King is
represented -j^

KELVEDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

John Wright held the manor of Kelvedon of Robert Lord Riche,
as of the wardstaff, and by the service of finding two men to watch
with the aforesaid wardstaff for all services, &e. J.

LAMBOVRN, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Reginald Bysmere held the manor of Daweshall, in Lambourn,
of the Duke of Buckingham, as of his Castle of Ongar, by fealty

* Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol, i. pp.126, quidem virgam persona dni Regis represen-

1Q7, and notes. tatur. Inquis. 15 Hen. VTII, March 1,

t Margaret Nynge, tenet 4 acr'. pasture, 2 ;{: Johannes Wright ten', maner'. deKelvedoa

acr'. prati, 3 acr'. bosci, in Babingworthe, de de Robto Dno Rich, ut de la wardstaffe, et -

dilp Rege, per servic'. cuslodiendi virgam diii- per servic'. inveniendi duos homines ad vigi-j

Regis, vocat'. le wardstaffe, s^pud Bobbing- , land', cum , predicta wardstaffe, pro omnibus

worthe, auQuatim, cum ibid, vev^rit; per quani serviciis, &c, Incj^is. 6. Jaco. July 16". ■

u u 2 and

932

and the rent of two slilUings per annum, called ward silver, and by
doinjr white service to the Lord Duke, at the wardstaff in the
hundred of Ongar*.

EPPING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Cecilia Welis held the manor of Maddels, in Epping, &c, of
the same duke, by the service of keeping the wardstaff instead of
all services -f*.

CHYNGELFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Isabella de Dover, for half the manor of Chyngelford, was
bound by the bailiff at Hoke day to bear a certain staff, called
the wardstaff, for keeping the peace of the King, which staff ought
to be carried through the towns and hundreds of Essex unto a
place called Attewede, near the sea, and there to be thrown into
the sea:]:.

MORE, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Nicolas de Mora rendered at the Exchequer two knives, one
good and the other a very bad one, for certain land, which he held
in capite, in Shropshire §.

* Reginald Bysmere ten', mauer'. de Dawes- staff, pro pace Regis servanda, qui baculus

hall, in Lamboum, de Duce Buck, ut de deferri debet per vill'. et hundr'. Essex usque

Castro de Ongar, per fid', et reddit'. 2 s. per locum vocat'. Attewede prope mare, et ibi

ann. vocat'. ward silver, ac ad faciend' dec projici in mare. Rot. Assis. 56 Hen. III.

duci album servic'. ad le wardstaffe in bun- rot. 4. Morant's Hist, of Essex, vol. i. pp.

dred'. de Ongar. Iiiquis. 22 Hen. VH. 126, 127, and notes.

•f- Cecilia Welis ten.' maner'. de Maddels, in § Salopsire. Nicolaus de Mora reddit ad

£pping, &c. de eodem Duce per servic'. cus- Scaccarium ij cultellos, unum bonum et alte-

todiendi le wardstaflfe pro onini servic'. &c. rum pessimum, pro quadam terra quam de

Inquis. 23 Hen. VH. Rege tenet in capite in Mora. Mich. Com-

^ Isabella de Dover, pro dimid'. maner*- de mun. 29 Hen. III. Rot. 1. b. Madox's Hist.

Chyngelford, debebat, per ballivum, ad le Excheq. p. 611.

Hokeday ferre quoddam baculum vocat'. ward-

A HOUSE

385

A HOUSE IN THE STRAND, COUNTY OF
MIDDLESEX.

Walter le Brun, farrier, jn the Strand, in Middlesex, was to
have a piee^ of ground in the parish of St, Clement, to place a
forge there, he rendering yearly six horse shoes for it *. This rent
was antiently wont to be paid to the Exchequer every year, for
instance, in the first year of King Edward L f , when Walter Ma-
rescallus paid at the crucem lapideam ^ six horse shoes, with nails,
for a certain building, which he held of the King in capite opposite
the stone cross. In the second year of King Edward I. :|:, in the
fifteenth year of King Edward II. §, and afterwards. It is still i-en-
dered at the Exchequer to this day, by the mayor and citizens of
London, to whom in process of time the said piece of ground was
granted JJ-

^ Crucem lapideam. See Renham and Ikenham, p. 109,

CASTLE RISING, &c. COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Hoger de Montealto (Monhault) held of the King in capite
the manors of Castle Rising, Snottesham, and Kemynghall, in
the county of Norfolk, and the manor of Hawardyn, (Hawarden)
by the service of being Steward of Chester **.

* Walterusle Brun, MareseallusdeStranda, crucis lapideae. M«mor. 1 Edw. I. Rot. 1. a.

r. c, de vj. ferris equorum, pro habenda qua- j; Mich. Communia 1 et 2 Edw. I. Rot. 1. b.

dam placea in parochia S. Clementis, ad § Ibid. 15 Edw. IL Rot. 29. a.

fabricani ibidem locandam, sicut continetur in y Madox's Hist. Excheq. p. 6] 1.

•wiginali, in th. libenivit. Et Q. e. Mag. ** Rog. de Montealto tenet de Rege in

Rot. 19 Hen. HI. Lond. et Midd. m. 2. b. capite man', de Castlejisinge, Snottesham, et

t Middlesex. Redditus. Walterus Ma- Kemynghall, in com. Norfolk, et ten', man,

tescallus ad crucem lapideam reddit sex ferra de Hawardyn, per serric', Senescall.Cestr'. &c.

equorum cum clavibus, pro quadam fabrica Jnquis. anno 17 Edw. I. Harl. MS. Brit.

aaam de Rege tenet in capite ex opposite Mus. No. 2079, p. 64.

STENE

334

STENE AND HYNTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Sir William Sandes, knight, and Margaret his wife, acknow-
ledged to hold in right of her the said Margaret, of the King
in capite, the manor of Stene and Hynton, with the appurtenances,
in the county of Northampton, by the service of one rose only,
to be paid yearly at the feast of St. John the Baptist, foir all
services : and they gave to the King one penny, for the price
of the said one rose, as it was appraised by the Barons (of the
Exchequer)*.

KNELTON-OLLEVRTHIN, i&c. COUNTY OF SALOP,

Griffin le Sutton holds Knelton-ollevrthin, Sutton, and Brockton,
of the gift of King Henry, father of our lord King John, by the
service of being Latuner ^ between the English and the Welsh-
men -j •.

^ Latuner. The same as Latimer. See note on Whittington, p.
319.

FLAMSTED, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Thomas de Bello-campo (Beauchamp) amongst other things held
the manor of Flamsted, in the county of Hertford, of the King in

* WillieliBUS Sandes, miles, et Margeria ricj VII. Rotulo I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mtis.

uxor eius, &c. cognoverunt se tenere in iure No. 5174, p. 23.

ipius Margerie de R. in capite m. de Stene -j-Griffinus de Sntton tenet Knelton-ollevr-

et Hynton, cum pertin'. in com. predicto per thin, Sutton, et Brockton, de dono H. R.

servicium unius rose ad festum Nativitat'. Scj patr'. dni R. Jdhannis per servic'. esse La*

Johannis Baptiste annuatim solvend'. t'm pro tuner, int'. Angl. et Wall. Nomina tenea«

omnibus servicijs. Et dant Regi unum denar', tium de doniinicis Regis a tempore Hcnrici

de p'cio dc€ unius rose sicut per Baron hie Regis II. Ibid, No. 1087, p. 18.
appretiatur. Mich. Fin. anno 22 Regis Hen-

capitCj

§33

©apite?, by the Service of keeping the highway, called Watlirig-
»teeet, leading from Redborn tovvairds Markeyate *.

BURGHAM, COUNTY OF KENT.

William Say (amongst other things) held the manor of Burghani
in the c^Junty of Kent by barony, and he was to maintain part of
the bridge of Rochester, and a certa:in house (building) in the
C/astl« of Dover, for his barony in Kent-j-.

A HOUSE IN LONDON.

Robert de Clifford (amongst other things) held a messuage in the
parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the suburbs of London, of
the King in free burgage f as the whole city of Irtjndon is
lield t.

^ Durgagium, Burgage. Is a tenure proper to cities and towns,
whereby men of cities br boroughs hold their lands or tene?
ments of the King, or other lords, for a certain yearly rent^
Jacob.

HOCKNORTON, or HOKENORTON, COUNTY OF

OXFORD.

tienry the Third granted Hocknorton and Cudlington to John

* Thomas de Bello-campo ten', m. de Castro Douorre pro baronia sua de Kane'.

Flamsted in com. Hertf. de R. in capite, per Esc. de anno 1 EdMr. I. Hart. MS. Brit. Mus.

servitium custodiendi altam viam vocat*. Wat- No. 2087, p. 16.

lingrstret ducent' a Redborn versus Marfceyate. % Robertas de Gliffdrd ten', unum messua-

>Anno secundo Regis Henrici IV. Harl. MS. gium in parochia Sancti Duastani West, in'

Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 257. suburbijs London^ de R. in liberum burgagium

+ Willielnius Say ten-, m. de Burgham in prout tota civitas London tenetur. Esc. annw

com. Kane', per baroniam, et debet sustinere 18 £dw. Ill, Ibid. p. XOSii

partenn ppntis Beffen'. et ^^andafn domum in

336

de Plessitis, or Plessy, which were the inheritance of Henry
D'Oily, and fell into the King's hands upon the death of Margaret
Countess of Warwick, wife of the aforesaid John, as an escheat of
the lands of the Normans, to have and to hold till such times as the
lands of England and Normandy should be made common *. The
antient barony of Hokenorton now lies dormant in the family of
Sir John Doily, of Chiselhampton, county of Oxford, Bart, which
family is related to the above-mentioned John de Plessetis, and Ela
Countess of Warwick, as appears by their pedigree, in the English
Baronets, vol. ii. p. 445 -f-.

CASTLE OF ABERGAVENNY, WALES.

John Hastings held the Castle of Abergavenny of our lord the
King, in capite, by service, homage, ward, and marriage, when it
happened : and if there was war between the King of England and
the Prince of Wales, the said John was to keep the country Over-
Went at his own charges, in the best manner he could for his own
advantage, and the service of the King, and defence of the realm
of England^.

PRESTWICH AND FARLESWORTH, COUNTY OF

LANCASTER.

Adam de Prestwich holds ten oxgangs of land in Prestwich and
Farlesworth in capite, of our lord the King in thanage ^ §.

* Camd. Brit. 297, vide Blount, 73. tibus proprijs meliori modo quod poterit pro

f Comp. Cop. 299. commodo suo, et utilitate Regis, et defensione

J Merch-wallias. Johannes Hastinges ten'. regni Angliae. Anno 6 Edw. II. Harl. MS.

Castrum de Bergeuuenny in Over-Went de R. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p. 58.
in capite, per ser'. homag'. ward, et maritag. § Adam de Prestwych tenet 10 bovatas

cum acciderit, et si guerra fuerit inter Regem terrae in Prestwych et in Farlesworth in capite,

Angliae et Principem Wallise, dictus Johannes de diio Rege in thanag'. Testa de Nevil. Li-

deberet custodire patriam de Ourwent sump- quis. temp. Hen. III. Ibid. No. 5172, p. 17.

% Thanagium.

337

f^ Thanagium. A part of the King's i lands whereof the governor
was called a thane. Littleton's Diet. Law Latin.

BOSEHAM, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

William the Conqueror gave the manor of Boseham to William
son of Augeri and his heirs in fee-farm, rendering thereforie at the
Exchequer yearly, forty-two pounds of silver in solid metal [*] for
all service, &c. *

[*] Libras ar^as et ponderatas. The same as libras arsas et pen-
satas. Libra pensa, was a pound of money in weight. It was
usual in former days, not only to tell the money, but to weigh it ;
for several cities, bishops, and noblemen had their mints and
coined money, and often very bad, and therefore, though the
pound consisted of twenty shillings they weighed it. Thus in
Domesday we read, reddit nunc xxx libras arsas et pensatas.
Blount. Libra arsa et pensitata. A pound weight in solid metal.
Kennet's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq.

SHENLEY, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Thomas Pulteney acknowledged that he held the manor of
Shenley in the county of Hertford, and the advowson of the church
of the same manor of the King by petit serjeanty, viz. by the ser-
vice of one pair of gilt spurs to be rendered to the King and his
successors at the Exchequer, for all services, and he paid forty-
pence for the price of the said spurs f.

THE

* Diis Rex WJllielmus qui venit ad Con- servicio, &c, Tenur. Com. Sussex, temp,
qnestum Anglie dedit manerium de Boseham Regis Jobannis. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No.
Willielmo filio Augeri et heredibus suis ad 313, p. ^1.

■■ feod'. firmam, reddendo inde Scacc. annuatim f Tbomas Pnltency cognovit se tenere m.

slij lib. argenti, arsas et ponderatas, pro omni de Shenley cum pertin', in com.Hertf., et ad-

XX voc'.

S38

THE COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Fulk de Payfover held a certain serjeanty in the county of
Middlesex, as of the inheritance of Margaret his wife, by the law
of England, by the service of keeping the King's palace at West-
minster, and the free prison of Fleet *.

LEICESTER, THE CITY OF.

The city of Leicester, in the time of King Edward, paid yearly
to the Ring thirty pounds by tale (every orep] of the value of
twerity-pence) and fifteen sextaries |j§|l of honey.

When the King marched with his army through the land, twelve
burgesses of that borough attended him. If the King went over
sea against the enemy, they sent four horses from that borough as
far as London, to carry arms or such things as circunastances
required -f-.

[*] Ore. See note on the county of Wilts, p. 265,

|1§|1 Sextary. See note on Gloucester, p. 314.

THORNETON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

John de Chastilon gave to the King two shillings by a certain
-besant for a relief for the manor of Thornton, in the county of
Buckingham, held of the King as of his Honor of St. Walery

voc'. ecclesie eiusdem m. de R. per parvam * Fulco de Payfover tenuit de haereditate

■eriantiam, viz. per servic'. iinius paris cal- Margeriae uxoris suae per legem Angliae, per

carum deauratorum Regi et successoribiM «emntiaai - custodian-- palacii -Regis Westm'.

Siiis ad Scaccarium reddend. pro omnibus et liberse prisonae de Flete. Esc anno 4 Edw.

gervicjjs, et dat R. 40 d. de precio vnius paris I. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 2087, p.

calcar'. deaurat', &c. Hilar. F. anno 94 28.

Hen. VII. Rqt, 1. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. fThrosby's I^eicest, vol, i. p. 30, from

No. 5174, p. §^. Pouaesday.

(Valery,)

(VaJei^,) then being in the hands of the King by the death of John
de Mlhaaiiy fey the service of rendering one besa^t ^ at Michiaek>
mas*. ,

f Besant. See note on Smallies.

BURTON, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Andrew de Sakevill, and Joan his wife, one of the sisters and
heirs of John de la Beth, gave to our Ibrd the King five-pence as
the value of one-third part of one ounce of silk, for her relief of
the purparty of the said Joan, not yet assigned, on one acre of land
with the appurtenances, in Burton near Thynden, which is of th^
glebe of the advowson of the church of Burton, and which the
aforesaid Jtihn (de la Beth) held of the King in capite as parcel of
the manor of Burton, which said acre of land is held by the service
qf one ounce of silk -f .

WHITELE, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Philip de Okes, son and heir of William de Okes, gave to our
lord the King one halfpenny for his relief of one messuage, and
two yard lands, and two acres of meadow, with the appurtenances.

* Johannes de Chastilon datRegi-2s. no- Beth> dant domino Regi vd. de precio tertie

Biine eiijusdatn besanti pro releyip pro ma- partis unius uncie serici pro relevio suo de

nerio de Thornton in com. predicto, ten', de purparte ipsam Johannam contingente de una
Rfege ut de Honore Sancti Walerici in manu acr'. terr'- cum pertin'. in Burton juxta Thyn-

R'egis per mortem Johannis de Eltham ex- den, q. est gleba advocationis ecclesie de Bur-

isten'. per servitium unius besanti, ad festum ton, et quam predictus Johannes de R>ege ten'.

Sancti Mich'is reddend'. De termino Hil. in capite, ut parcell. manerij de Burton, q,

anno 13 Edw. III. Harl. MS, Brit. Mus. quidem acr'. terr'. tenetur per servic'. uniuS

No. 34, p. 147. uncie serici. De terminb Trin. anno 18 Edw.

t Andreas de Sakevill et Johanna uxor III. Harl. MS. Brit. M^us. No. 34, p. 150.
cjiis, una sororum et berediim joii^npisde la

X X 2 m

340

in Whitele, held of the King in capite, by the service of paying at;
the Exchequer yearly, at the feast of St. Martin, by the hands of the
sheriff of Warwick, one halfpenny, which is called Warth f , for
all services *.

% Warth. See note on Lighthorn, p. 312.

STAFFORD.

Ralph de Waymer held of the King in fee and inheritance the Stew
or Fish-pond f^, without the eastern-gate of the town of Stafford, in
this manner, viz. that when the King should please to fish, he was ta
have the pikes and breams, and the said Ralph and his heirs were
to have all the other fishes with the eels coming to the hooks,
rendering; therefore to the Kino- half a mark at the feast of St.
Michael -f-. -..{^

^Vivarium. The Vinariam mentioned in the note on -Stafford,
p. 78, must be corrected by this tenure.

HOTON ROEF, COUNTY OF WESTMORLAND.

Thomas de Redeman holding lands and tenements which were
William Stornell's, gave to our lord the King three shillings for the
relief of the said William, viz. for two messuages, thirty-seven
acres of land, four acres of meadow, &c. with the appurtenances.

* Pliilippus de Qkes, filius et heres Wil- 'j- Radus de Wajmer teuuit de R. in feod.

lielnii de Okas, dat dno Regi uiium ob'. pro et hereditate Vivar.' extra portam orient' villa

relevio suo pro uno njessiiagio, d.uabus vir- Staff, in hunc modum, viz. quando placuerit

gat', et duabus acr'. prati cum p€.rt.inentijs iij R, piscar'. R. habebit lupos aquaticos et brey-

Whitele ten', de Rege in capite, per serviciujp ni.as, et idem Radus et hered. sui habebunt

reddendi ad Scac'. per annum ad festunj omnes alios pisces cum anguillis ad bamas

Saiicti Martini, per manus vie'. VVarr'. wnurij venien'. reddend. inde R. dimid. njarc'. ad

ob'. qui dicitur Warth, pro omni servitio. De festum Sancti Mich'is. Esc. anno 2 Edw. I.

tertjiino Pasche, anno 20 Edw. 111. Rot. 1, Harl. MS, Brit. Mus. No. 708, p. 27.
Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 160.

S41

in Hotpn Roef, in the county of Westmorland, held of the King

in capite, by fealty, and forty-pence yearly, and ten-pence for the

I ■■_'»■(•. i. , ■ , > '

maintenance §!.§ of the King's bailiff in the same county, called
Serjeant fee*.

!;]:§ Putura. See note on Lincoln, p. 239.

LINCOLN.

, . . *

Hamo, son and heir of. Robert Sutton, of Lincoln, holds three
messuages in the suburbs of Lincoln, in the parish of St. Andrew,
of the.Kingi in icapite, in; free Iwirgage, paying to the King yearly
threa-^pence, called lancol-penys, for all services f,

SELFORD, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Agnes de Valencia, who holds the lands of Theobald le Moigne,
gave to our lord the King twenty shillings for a relief for three hides
of land ^ in Selford, held of the King in capite by the serjeanty of
being his goldsmith;]: .

% Hida terrae. See note on Bade^w, p. 143.

* Thomas de Redeman teneiis terr'. et coin, in parochia Saiicd Andree, de Rege in
ten', que fuere Willielmi Stoinell, dat dno capite, in libero burgagio, redd. Regi per
Regi 3s. pro relevio ipsius Willielmi, viz. pro annum 3 d. voc'. lancol-penys, pro omni ser-
duobus messuagiis, 37 acr'. terr'- 4 acr'. praU, vitio. De termino Hil. anno 6 Hen. VI.
&c. cum pertinentiis, in Hoton Roef, in com. Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, p. 455.
Westmorl. ten.' de Rege in capite per fidelit'. $ Agnes de Valencia que ten', terr'. Theo-
et 40d. per annum, et ]0d. pro putura liall. baldi le Moigne, dat dno Regi xxs. pro re-
Regis in eodem Com, vocat'. serjanc'. feod. levio pro tribus hidis terr'. in Selford, ten', de
De termino Hil. anno 35 Edw. HI. Harl. Rege in capite, per serjanciam aurifabrie. De
MS. Brit. Mus. No. 34, pp. 214, 215. termino Pasche, anno 22 Edw. I. Ibid. p.

t Hamo, filius et heres Roberti Sutton de 15.
Lincoln, tenet tria messuagia in suburbis Lin-

HUNTINGDON,

342

HUNTINGDON, COUNTY OP HUNTINGIK)N.

At Huntingdon, the people have a custom of receiving any King^
of England that passes in progress that way with a great number
of ploughs, brought forth in a pedantic or rustic pomp ; and they
boast that in former times, they have brought out at once nine
score ploughs. When King James the First came to England,
the bailiffs of this town presented him with three score and
ten team of horses, all traced to handsome new ploughs, to shew
their husbandry ; of which, when the King demanded the reason,
they told him that it was their antient custom whensoever any King
of England passed through their town so to present him, and
added further, that they held their lands by that tenure, being the
King^s tenants*.

''■-.• " ■ J_:_ ■ .,/

* Universal Library, or complete Summary of Science, edit. 1722, p. 331-

!t ,!■.<

CAP. Hi.

S43

CAR III.

OF LANDS HELD OF SUBJECTS BY SERVICES OF THE
JVATURE OF GRAND AND PETiT SERJEANTY, &c. ,

SECT. I.

O/* Lands held af Ecclesiastical Palatines, exercising
Regal Authority within the Kingdom, hy Services of
the nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S^c,

ERESBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

TOHN de Wileghby died seised of the manor of Eresby, with
its members, viz> Spilesby, Greby, Ingoldmeis, Flyxburgh^
Tonelby, Friskeny, Biscopthorp, Askeby, Kyrkeby super Bayne,
Tatersall, and Thorpe ; all which he held of the bishop of Durham,
by the service of ©ne knighfs fee, and by the service Of being bailiff
to that bishop for the time being, of all his lands in the county of
Lincoln, of his fee, viz. to hold his courts, and to make summons,
attachments, distresses, and whatsoever belonged to the same
office, at the own proper costs of himself and his heirs ; and also
to levy all the issues and profits arising thereby, by himself or his
sufficient deputy, and to be answerable to the bishop and his suc-
cessors for the same. Likewise by the service of being stevvard to
him and his successors, and to carry the messes of meat to the t^ble
upon the day of their consecration, as also at Christmas and Whit-

' suntide,

344

suntide, by himself or his eldest son, in case he were a knight, or
some other fitting knight thereunto deputed by letters patent *.

SOCKBURN, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the eighth year of the pontificate of Walter Shirlawe, bishop
of Durham, 1395, Sir John Conyers, knight, died seised in his
demesne, as of fee-tail, to him and the heirs male of his body
issuing, of the manor of Sockburn, with the appurtenances ; which
same manor was held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service
of shewing to the lord bishop one faAvchon (falchion), which after
having been seen by the bishop was to be restored to huii, in lieu of
all other services -f*.

This valuable manor of Sockburn (the seat of the antient family
of Conyers, in the bishopric of Durham) worth £554: a year, was
in the year 1771 the estate of Sir Edward Blackett, and is held of
the bishop of Durham by the easy service of presenting a falchion
to every bishop, upon his first entrance into his diocese, as an
embhem of his temporal power J.

The manor of Sockburne was purchased by the late Sir William
Blackett, baronet, of the grand-daughter of the last of the family
of Conyers of Sockburne, whose mother was married into the
family of the Earl of Shrewsbury. The family of Conyers were
barons of the palatinate, and lords of Sockburne from the Conquest
and before, till the inheritance was so carried, within a century past,
by the marriage of the heiress into the family of the Earl of Shrews-
bury, as above-mentioned ; and by her daughter was sold amongst
other estates to Sir William Blackett §.

* * Escaet. Roll. 46 Edvv. III. n. 78. Dugd. % Mr. Allan's Notes.

Baronage, vol. ii. p. 84. , Ulount, 133. | Camd. Brit. tit. Durham.

■\ Id juis. post mortem Job. Conyers, Chr. gJn

345

Sir Edward Blackett now represents the person of Sir John
Confers *, who, as tradition says, in the fields of Sockburne, slew,
with this falchion -f-, a monstrous creature, a dragon, a worm, or
flying serpent :|:, that devoured men, women, and children. The
then owner of Sockburne, as a reward for his bravery, gave him
the manor, with its appurtenances, to hold for ever, on condition
that he should meet the lord bishop of Durham, with this falchion,
on his first entrance into his diocese, after his election to that see §.

And in confirmation of this tradition, there is painted in a window
of Sockburne church, the falchion we just now spoke of; and it is
also cut in marble, upon the tomb of the great ancestor of the
Conyers's, together with a dog, and the monstrous worm, or ser-
pent, lying at his feet, of his own killing, of which the history
of the family gives the above account]].

When the bishop first comes into his diocese, he crosses the
river Tees, either at the ford at Nesham, or Croft-bridge: where the

* Legend gives some other particulars of •)- " On the pommel are three lions of Eng-

this valiant knight, which Mr. Allan extracted " land, guardant. These were first borne by

from the Catalogue of the Harleian MS. No. *' King John, so that this falchion was not

2118, p. 39. ^ " made before that time, nor did the owner

" Sir Jn" Conyers de Sockburn, kn'. whoe " kill the dragon. The black eagle, in a field

" slew the monstrous venom'd and poisan'd " gold, was the arms of Morkar, Earl of

" wiverne, ask, or worme, w"" overthrew and " Northumberland. This, too, might be the

" devour'd many people in feight, for the scent " falchion with which the earls were invested,

" of the poyson was so strong, that noe per- " being girt with the sword of the earl-

" «on was able to abide it, yet, he by the pro- " dom."

" videnceof God overthrew it, and lies buried 4^ "The Scots seem to have been intended

" at Sockburn, before the Conquest. But " by these dreadful animals ; and the falchion

" before he did enterprise, (liaving but one *' bestowed with an estate as a reward for

" childe,) he went to the church in complete " some useful service performed by a Con-

" armour, and offered up his sonne to "the " yers against those invaders."

" Holy Ghost, w"" monument is yet to see, § Mr. Allan's Notes.

(' and the place where the serpent lay is called |{ Camd, Brit. vol. \\. p. 132.
'\ Graystone."

Y Y counties

S46

counties of York and Durham divide. At one of which places, Sir
Edward Blackett, either in person, or by his representative, if the
bishop comes by Nesham, rides into the middle of the river Tees,
with the antient falchion drawn in his hand, or upon the middle of
Croft-bridge; and then presents the falchion to the bishop, ad-
dressing him in the antient form of words. Upon which the bishop
takes the falchion into his hands, looks at it, and returns it back
again, wishing the lord of the manor his health, and the enjoyment
of his estate *.

" At Croft-bridge the Bishop used also to be met by the high

«' sheriff of the county palatine, (who is an officer of his own by pa-

« tent, during pleasure,) by the members of the county and city of

" Durham and by all the principal gentlemen in the county and

" neighbourhood, to welcome his lordship into his palatinate, who

" conducted him to Darlington, where they all dined with him, after

" which they proceeded to Durham. Before they reached the city,

*' they were met by the dean and chapter, with their congratulatory

•' address ; the bishop and the whole company alighting from their

" carriages to receive them. When the ceremony of the address,

** and his lordship's answer was finished, the procession moved on

«' to the city ; here they were met by the corporation, the different

" companies with their banners, and a great concourse of people ;

" they proceeded immediately to the cathedral, where the bishop

•♦ was habited upon the tomb of the venerable Bede, in the Galilee,

" at the west end of the church, from whence he went in pro-

** cession to the great altar, preceded by the whole choir, singing

" Te Deum ; after prayers the bishop took the oaths at the altar,

* Mr. Allan's Notes,

" and

347

*S and was then inthroned in the usual forms, and attended to the
" Castle by the high sheriff and other gentlemen of the county

, * »

BISHOFS-AUKLAND, COUNTY OF DURHAM,

In the 12th year of the pontificate of bishop Shirlawe, 1399,
Dionisia, widow of John Pollard the elder, died seised of one
piece of land, called Hekes, near the Park of Aukland, which was
held of the lord bishop in capite, by the service of shewing to the
bishop one fawchon, at his first coming to Aukland after his oon^
secration -f-.

These lands, now called Pollard^s Lands, at Bishop's Aukland^
worth above ^200 a year, continue to be held by the same service.
Doctor Johnson o£ Newcastle, met one ^f the late bishops. Doctor
Egerton, in September, 1771, at his first arrival there, and pre-
sented a falchion upon his knee, and addressed him in the old form
of w^ordss saying,

^ Mj lord! in behalf of myself, as well as of the several other
** tenants of Pollard's Lands, I do humbly present your lordship
*' with this falchion, at your first coming here, wherewith, as the
** tradition goeth, Pollard slew of old a great and venomous
*' serpent, which did much harm to man and beast : and by the
*' performance of this service, these lands are holden %."

N. B. This tenure, and that at Sockbnrne above-mentioned, are the
only two performed at this day in the county §,

* Pennant's Tour in Scotland, edit. 1772, servitium ostend. domino episcopo unum

vol.iii. pp. 339, 340. fawchon, in primo adventu suo apud Aukland

•\^ Itionisia, quae fuit ux<)r Johanuis Pol- post consecrac. suam. Inquis. post mortem

lafd, senior^ obit s. in Dom. &c. de una pec. Dionisiae Pollard, Viduae.
terras, voc. Hekes, juxta Parca de Aukland, J Mr. Allan's Notes.

4^£e tenetur de domino episcopo ia capite, per ^ ibid.

y Y 2 STANHOPK,

S48

STANHOPE, WOLSINGHAM and AUKLAND, COUNTY

OF DURHAM.

Stanhope, together with AVolsingham and Aukland, in the bi-
shopric of Durham, were held of the bishop by forest services,
besides demesnes and other tenures; particularly upon his great
huntings, the tenants in these parts were bound to set up for him a
field-house, or tabernacle, with a chapel, and all manner of rooms
and offices, as also to furnish him with dogs and horses, and to
carry his provision, and to attend him during his stay, for the supply
of all conveniencies ; but now all services of this kind are either
let fall by disuse, or changed into pecuniary payments *.

N. B. A count palatine, who has jura regalia granted to him,
may create a tenure in capite, to hold of himself; for by the grant
it is in a manner disjoined from the ijrown, and out of the King,,
and he is made a petty King -f^

WEST MORTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the sixth year of the pontificate of Lewis de Beaumont, bi-
shop of Durham, 1322, Robert, son of Stephen de West Morton,
died seized of one messuage and twenty acres of land in West
Morton, which were held of the bishop by homage and fealty, and
paying to the bishop two shillings and three-pence yearly, and for
cornage yearly three-pence, and doing suit to the wapentake court
at Sadberg three times a year ^.

* Camd. Brit. English Copyholder, 511. mag. et fidelitat. reddendo eidem episcopo

Mr. Allan's Notes. lis. ind. per ann. et per cornag. per ann.

f Davis's Reports, 62. 66. iiid. et faciendo tres sectas ad wapentag.

J Robert, fil. Stephi de West Morton obijt Sadberg per ann. Inquis. post moitem Ro-

seisitus de uno mess, et xx acr'. terra; in West berti fil. Stephi de West morton.
Morton, et teaentur de diio episcopo per ho-

349

In the 20tli year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield, bishop of
Durham, 1364, Agnes de' Morton held of the lord bishop in capite,
one " messuage and two acres of land, with the appurtenances, in
West Morton, by homage and fealty, and by paying to the bishop
yearly for Chastelwarde (Castle-guard) three-pence *.

TYLMUTH, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

In the 10th year of the pontificate of Lewis Beaumont, bishop
of Durham, 1326, William Riddell died seised of the manor of
Tylmuth, which he held of the lord bishop, by the service of the
moiety of one knighf s fee, and by doing suit to the court of Nor-
liam, and paying yearly for the guard of the Castle of Norham ^
twenty shillings -f-.

^ Norham is a town on the banks of the river Tweed, belonging to
the bishops of Durham : it was formerly called Ubbanford, and
it, and the church, were built by Egfrid, bishop of Lindisfarne,
who was a mighty benefactor to that see ; and his successor,
Ranulph Flamberd, bishop of Durham, lord treasurer, and
chief justice to King William Rufus, erected the Castle of
Norham, on the top of a steep rock, and moated it round, for
the better security of this part of his diocese against the fre-
quent incursions of the Scottish moss troopers J

* Agnes de Morton ten', de drio episcopo nerio de Tylmuth, q'd tenuit de dno episcopo,

in capite, tin', mess, et duas acr'. terr'. cum per serv'. medietatis uniiis feodi mil', et faci-

pertin'. in West Morton', pfer hom. et fid. et endo sectam ad cur', de Norham, et reddeiid.

reddendo dno episcopo per ann. per Chastel- per ann. pro Custodia Castri de Norham vigiiiti

wardeiiid. Inquis. post mortem Agnet'. de solidos. Inqais. pbst mortem Willielmi Rid-

Moriton. ddl.

f Willielmus Riddell obijt seisitus de ma- $ Camd. Brit.

OXlENHALiE,

850

OXENHALE, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fourth year of bishop Bury, 1836, Nicholas de Oxenhale
held of the lord bishop in capite, the manor of Oxenhale by ho-
mage and fealty, and the service of sixty shillings ; and he was to
do three suits to the county court at Durham ^ yearly ; and he
was to perform the fourth-part of one drengage [*], to wit, he was
to plow four acres, and sow it with the seed of the bishop, and
harrow it, and do four days work in autumn, viz. three with all
the people of his whole family, except the housewife [f ], and the
fourth with one man of any house, except his own house, which
was to be quit ; and he was to keep a dog and a horse for a quarter
of a year ; and he was to pay tribute [|.] when such was imposed
in the bishopric *.

f Ad com. Dun. This means the county of Durham in opposition
to the wapentake of Sadberg, which, notwithstanding the old
general grants, was withheld from the church, till bishop Hugh
(Pudsey, Earl of Northumberland), purchased it of King
Richard the First, in exchange for other manors in Lincolnshire;
hence it is distinctly named with Durham in the title of a county
palatine, as a separate wapentake, which formerly compre-
hended most of the east side of the county. Camd. Brit. tit.
Bishopric of Durham. P.

* Nkji. de Oxenhale ten', de ciiio episcopo cum tota familia domus excepta husewia, et

in capite, maner'. de Oxenhale per horn, et quartern cum uno hpnjiiie de quacunq. domo,

fid. et servic'. lx s. et faciei tres sect, ad com. excepta propria domo sua, que quieta erit ; et

Dun. per ann. et faciet quartam partem unius custodiet canem et equum per quartam partem

drengagij, scilicet q'd arat (aret) quatuor acras anni, et faciet veware qii positum fuerit in

et seminat (seminet) de semine episcppi, et epi$copat^tn. Inquis. pQStmortemNichi.de

herciat (herciet) et faciet quatuor p'cacoes in Oxenhale.
iiutjj{|npDQ;^«ciL tiesde omnibus hominibus suis,

[*] Drengage.

351

PJ DrengiEige» A drengage it seems consisted of sixteen acres, to
be ploughed, sown, and harrowed. P. Drenches or drenges
(drengi) were tenants in capite, says an antient MS. Domesday,
tit. Lestresc. Roger Pictaviens, Neuton. Fifteen men, who
were called drenches, for they held fifteen manors, held the
other land of this manor*. They were, says Spelman, a kind
of vassals, but not of the lowest order, for all those who are so
named in Domesday, were possessed of manors -j^. Such as at
the coming in, of the Conqueror, being put out of their estates,
were afterwards, upon complaint unto him, restored thereunto,
for that they being before owners thereof, were neither in aid
or counsel against him, of which number was Sharneburne in
Norfolk X ; and drengage was the tenure by which the drenches
held their lands §.

[•f] Husewia. The housewife^ or mistress of the family. I look
upon this to be a certain interpretation, though I have not met
with the word elsewhere. We now say hussey. P. This is a
very common word in the north, and not spoken by way of
contempt. E^

\X] Veware. A difficult word ; if connected with canem et equunr,
it probably may be vivarium, a park or warren : but perhaps it
should be read cutware, as in the article of Rethop (infra), and
then it may mean a tribute. Du Fresne, voce Cut. P.

TREFFORD, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the third year of bishop Bury, 1335, William Gra held in^

* Hujus manerij aliam terram xv homines cum singuli qui in Domesd. nominautur sin-r

quos drenches vocabant pro xv manerijs te- gula possiderent maneria. Spelm.
nebant. i^ Blount's Law Diet. tit. Drenches.

-}• £ genere vassallorum non ignobilium, ^ Ibid. tit. Drengesge. capite

352

capite of the lord bishop, the manor of Trefford, with the appur-
tenances, by the service of one pair of white gloves ^, at the feast
of St. Mary Magdalene, (22d July) for all services *.

f Cirotecarum albaruni. Par albarum cyrothecarum occurs in the
register of Darleigh Abbey, penes Ducem Norfolciae. And it
is written ceroteca in a MS. of John Topham, esq. and anno
1290, ciroteca, as here ; and see below tit. Blakeston. P.

QUYCHAM, NOW WICKHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

William Heryngton held in capite of the lord bishop (Ford-
ham) one acre of land in Quycham, by the service of one rose
yearly, at the feast of Pentecost ^, if required -f.

^ The delivery of a rose is a common tenure, but to give it at
Whitsuntide is early; si petatur (if required) is a common
phrase for these small acknowledgments. P.

SHALDFORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fifth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1337, Ma-
tilda, the wife of Thomas de Tesedale, of Tudhowe, was seised of
the fourth part of a messuage and ten acres of land, with the
aj)purtenances, in Shaldforth, and they were held of the lord
bishop in capite, rendering four-pence. And the said Matilda,
together with her parceners 1|^|-||, was to oversee the carriage of a
hogshead [*] of wine, once a year, wheresoever the bishop chose

* Willielmus Gra ten*, in capite de dno -f- Willielmus Herington ten', in capite de

episcopo manerium de TrefFord, cum pertin'. dno episcopo unum acr'. ter'. in Quycham per
per servic'. unius paris cirotecarum albarum servic'. unius rosae per ann. ad fin. Pentc-
in festo S. M. Magdalene pro omnibus ser- cost, si petatur. Inquis. post mortem Wil-
vitijs. Inquis. post mortem Willielmi Gra. lielmi Heryngton.

. ,to

353

to have that wine, within the bishopric of Durham : and he was to
give evidence with the baihff of the jury, concerning the jurors
and summoners, and to help the bailiff of the bishop to drive the
distresses for the bishop's farm *.

|I^j-|| Cum parcenarijs. So that, I suppose, she held in coparcenry,
her sisters, co-heiresses, holding the other three parts. Vide
Greencroft, infra. P.

[*] Doleum. A hogshead. See below, sub. tit. Easington, Green-
croft, and Urpath. P.

EASINGTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the sixth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1338, John
Fayrey died seised of one messuage and thirty acres of land, in
Easington, and they were held of the lord bishop in capite, by
fealty and the service of three capital suits at the court of Durham,
yearly. And he was to drive the distresses \jf] with the bailiff of
the lord bishop, and to witness the summonses, and to oversee the
carriage of one hogshead of wine§J§, yearly, and to grind at the
mill of the lord bishop to the thirteenth sheaf ||§|| -f-.

* Matilda, ux. Tho. Tesedale, de Tudhowe, ad fugand'. distr'- pro firma dni episcopi. In-

fuit seisit' de quarta parte unius mess, et de- quis. post mortem Tho. de Tesedale.

cem acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Shaldforth, et f Johannes Fayrey ob. seis. de uno mess,

teneutur de dno episcopo in capite, red'do iv. et triginta acr'. terras in Esington, et tenentur

denarios. Et eadem Matild. simul cum per- de diio episcopo in cap', per fid', etservic'.trium

cenarijs suis supervidebit cariagium unius dolei sectar.' capital', apud Dun. per ann. Et fugabit

vini, semel in anno, ubicunq. epus voluerit ha- namea cum ballivo diii episcopi, et testificabit

bere illud vinum infra epatum Dunelm. Et peri- summoniciones et supervidebit carriagium

hebit (perliibebit) testimonium cum ballivo jur. unius dolei vini per ann. et molet ad molend'.

de jurat, et sum. et adjuvabij ballivum episcopi diii episcopi ad tercium decimum vas.

z z [f] Namea"

S54

[f ] Namea. More commonly written namla, which signifies dis-«
tresses, viz. cattle distrained. P.

^X% Dolei Vini. See Shaldforth, above. Fayrey seems to have mar-
ried a sister of Matilda, mentioned in this article. P.

1|§|| Ad tercium decimum Vas. To the thirteenth sheaf. Du Fresne,
voce Vasa Decimae, expl?iining Vas, by Merges and Garba,
torn. vi. col, 1422. See below, sub. tit. Greencroft and Red-
worth. P.

With submission to the authority of Du Fresne, and of the learned
author of this note, is it not probable that " tertium decimum
vas" may rather mean the thirteenth dish ? It being the custom
for millers to take toll or mulcture for grinding corn, by a vessel
called a toll dish. And see Ordin; pro Pistor. &c. incerti temp.
Ruffhead's Stat. vol. i. 186. E.

GREENCROFT, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

Nicholas Roughead held in capite of the lord bishop, the moiety
of the town of Greencroft, with the appurtenances, by fealty and
the service of two shillings a year, and doing all suits to the court
of Durham, yearly, and, with his parceners, carrying or over-
seeing the carriage of the third part of a hogshead of wine§||§,
yearly : and, with his parceners, repairing or making the third
part of the mill and mill dam of Langchejster : and he was to
grind his corn to the thirteenth dishj^jj at the mill of Lang-
chester ; and pay with his parceners, to the chief forester of the
lord bishop, yearly, and for assize, two shillings and ten-pence,

and

S5d

and to the same forester with his parceners, yearly, seventeen
hens *.

§||§ Dolei Vini. See Shaldforth, above.

X^t Tertium decimum Vas. See Easington, above.

BLAKESTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the sixth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1338, Ralph
de Rungeton held of Richard [*], son of Richard of the Park, in
Blakeston, three messuajges, forty acres of land, and four acres of
meadow, by fealty, and the service of two shillings and four-pence,
and a pair gloves %f% and half a pound of cummin seed f.

And in the fifth year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield,
bishop of Durham, 1349, William de Blaykeston held in the town
of Blaykeston, the same premises of Roger de Blakeston, by fealty
and homage, and the service of paying to the same Roger, yearly,
two shillings and four-pence, and one pair of gloves ■fHi", and half
a pound of cummin seed, yearly :|:.

* Nich'us Rougheved ten', in capite de dno •]- Radus de Rungeton tenet Rico fil. Rici

episcopo mediet'. villas de Grencroft, cum per- de Parco de Blakeston, tria mess, xl acr*.

tin', per fid. et servic'. duor'. solidor'. per ann. ei terras, iiii acr'. p'ti, per fid. et servic'. ii s. iiii d.

oes sectas cur. Dun. per ann. et faciendo cum et unius par cirotecarium, et medietat. unius

p'cenar'. suis tertiam p'tem unius dolei vini libre cumini. Inquis. post mortem Radi de

per ann. et faciendo cum p'cenar.' suis terciam Rungeton.

p'tem molendini et stagni de Langchestre. Et J Willielmus de Blaykeston ten', in villa

molet blada sua ad tercium decimum vas ad de Blaykeston tria mess, xl acr'. terra:, et

molendin. de Langchestre, Et reddendo cum iiii acr.' p'ti, de Rogero de Blakeston, per

p'cenar'. suis capit'Ii forestar'. dni episcopi per fid. et hom, et servic'. red'do eid'. Rog'o per

ann. et pro ass. iis. xd. et eid. forestar. cum ann. iis. iHid. et unum par serotecarum,'et

p'cenar. suis per ann. xvii gallin. Inqujs. post medietat'. unius libre cumint, per ann. Inquis.

mortem Nich'i Rougheved. post mortem Willielmi de Blaykeston.

z z 2 [*] Tenet

356
[*] Tenet Rico. Tenet de Rico, I suppose. P.
§t§ Par Cirotecarum. See Trefford, p. 352.

i ilf Par Serotecarum. An evident corruption of Cirotecarum or
Cerotecarum, i. e. Chirothecarum. See Trefford, p. 352. P.

STANHOPE, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1340, John
Power was seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and two
acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Stanhope, which he
held of the lord bishop in capite, by homage, fealty, and the ser-
vice of five shillings and sixpence; and he was to watch ^ with
one man for a month, to keep the wild beasts of the bishop in
the forest in fawning ^-j § time *.

In the eighteenth year of the pontificate of Thomas Hatfield,
bishop of Durham, 1362, William Colynson held of the lord
bishop in capite, &c. two tofts and four acres of land, with the
appurtenances, in Stanhope, by fealty, and the service of sixteen
pence, yearly: also, he was to find a man to keep the deerJ-j-J
of the said lord bishop, with the forester, for four weeks in the
fence month |1.|.1|, for the quantity of land which he held of William
Merley -f.

* Johannes Power fuit s. in dnico, &c. de in capite, &.c. duo tofta et iiii°' acr'. terr'- cum

uno mess, et duabus acr'. ten', cum pertin'. pertin'. in Stanhop, per fid. et servic'. sex-

inStanhop, et eaten', dednoepiscopo in capite, decim denar'. per ann. Item inveniet unum

per horn. fid. et servic'. quinq'. sol. et sex hominem ad custo.diend. venacionem Hicti diii

denar'. Et faciet stagia cum uno homine per episcopi cum forestar. per iiii°' septi'as tem-

unam mens, custod'. feras dni episcopi in fo- pore defensionis pro q'ntitate terrae quam tenet

resta tempore fonnagij. Inquis. post mortem de W Merley. Inquis. post mortem Willielmj

Johanuis Power. Colynson, 18 Hatfield.

-j- W'iUielmus Colynson ten', de dno episcopo

f Faciet

357

^ Faciei Stagia. It signifies keeping stations, consequently watches.
See Du Fresne in voce. P.

i-f^ Fonnagij. Fawning. Fr. Faonner. 'Tis more commonly written
Fannatio, or Feonatio. See Spelm voce Fanatio. Fawnyjson
tyme. Walsyngham, p. 186. P.

XfX Venatio. Deer. Hence jour word ven son. P.

||:|:H Tempore defensioriis. The fence month in the forest laws, P.
The same as the Tempus Fonnagij, above ; or the Mensis vetitus,
p. 249, so called because it is the fawning month wlien the
does have fawns, for the preservation whereof they ought to be
fenced, i. e defended, both from hurt and disquiet. It con-
sists of thirty-one days, and begins on the fifteenth day l>e-
fore Midsummer, and ends fifteen days after. See the statute
entitled Carta de Foresta, cap. 8. 4 Inst. 313. E.

REFHOP, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1340,
Philip de Ref hop was seised in his demesne, &c, of one messuage
and thirty-two acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Refhop,
by fealty, and the service of five shillings yearly ; and doing cut-
ware ^ and common aid §1|§ when it should happen ; and he held
them of the lord bishop in capite ^.

% CJutware. A tribute. Du Fresne, voce Cut. P. And see Oxen-
hale, p. 350.

*Philus de Refhop fuU.seis. in dnico,&c. contigerit, et ea tenen. de dno episcapo in
ide uiio mess, et xxxii. acr'. terrae cum pertin'. capite. Jnquis. post mortem Fhilippi de
in Refhop per fid. et servic' v. sol. per ann. Refhop, 8 Bury.
«t -faciendo Cutware et Co'e Auxiliu'. quod

§|]§ Commune

358

III! Commune Auxillum. Common Aid. The word aid has divers
significations in the law. Sometimes it signifies a subsidy, as
in 14 Edw. III. stat. 2. cap. 1. Sometimes a prestation due
from tenants to their lords, as towards the relief due to the
lord paramount. Glanvil, lib. 9, cap. 8. This the King, or
other lords, might of old lay on their tenants, for knighting his
eldest son at the age of fifteen years, or marrying his daughter
at seven. Register of Writs, fo, 87, a. Blount's Law Diet. tit.
Aid. And sometimes it signified a customary duty antiently
payable to sheriflFs out of certain manors, for the better sup-
port of their offices, and this last was called Auxilium Vice-
comitis, the sheriff's aid. Jac. Law Diet. sub. voce. And see
Blaekstone's Comment, lib. 2. cap. 5. E.

MIDRIGG, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the eleventh year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1343,
Thomas de Midrigg held of the lord bishop in capite, one mes-
suage and twenty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Midrigg,
paying in the Exchequer of Durham §|j§ six shillings a year, and
doing three suits at the county court of Durham, yearly, and pay-
ing one Wodhenne '^^X • ^^^ ^® "^^^ ^^ mow in autumn at the
Grange |]§|1 of Midrick, or pay one penny ; and to carry the mill-
stones of the mill of Kempilmilne, if required ^ *.

Scaccario Dun. Scaccario Dunelmensi. Durham being a county

* Tho. de Midrigg ten', de diio episcopo ia apud Giigiam de Midrick annuatim vel dabit

capite, unum mess, et XX acr'.terr'. cum pertin'. unum den: et ad cariand. molas molendini

in Midrigg, red'do in Scaccario Dun. vis. per de Kempilmilne si petatur. Inquis. post mor-

ann. et iii sectas ad com. Dun. aiiuatim et tern Thomae die Midrigg, 11 Bury,
uuam Wedheune, et metebit in autumpuo

palatine.

359

palatine, had its own Exchequer. See Pencher, Cotom, West
Aukland, and Redworth, infra. P.

J|$ Wedhenne, read Wodhenne, as in Sokyrton, p. 369. This is
a very scarce bird now. It occurs not in Pennant's Zoology,
and, I believe, is peculiar to these northern parts. P. See
Whitaker's Hist, of Manchester, book i, cap. 10,. sect 1.
p, 334 E.

This I presume to be the wood grouse, the Tetras Vrogallus of
Linnaeus. It has long been extinct in England ] indeed it does
not seem to have been so frequent there as in Scotland, where it
is known by the name of Capercailzie. It may now be said to
be found only in Russia, Sweden, and Norway, none having
been seen in Scotland for many years. W.

fmi Grangiam. A house or farm. See Blount's Law Diet, in verbo.

In Othello, act i, sc. 1. Brabantia says to Rodorigo,

" What tell'st thou me of robbing ? this is Venice,
*' My house is not a Grange."

The note on this passage explains Grange to be strictly and
properly the farm of a monastery, where the religious re-
posited their corn. Grangia, Lat. from Granum. But ih Lin-
colnshire, and other northern counties, they call every lone
house or farm, which stands solitary, a Grange.

Chalmer's edit, of Shakspeare.

f Si petatur. If required. Mill stones not being to be carried every?
year. See Whickham, p. 352.

DURHAM.

860

DURHAM.

In the tenth year of the pontificate of bishop Bury, 1342,
John-o*-the-Orehard held one garden, with buildings and ap-
purtenances, in Durham, by the service of finding pot-herbs [*],
leeks §•!•§, and other herbs for pottage, at the kitchen -f-l^-f of the
lord bishop, on all his arrivals at the Castle of Durham ; and the
constable for the time being was to receive those leeks, pot
herbs, and other herbs, for his kitchen, every day in the year :
and the aforesaid John, or his heirs, ought to receive of the said
lord bishop, with his family, being at Durham, daily, two white
loaves |1|[||, two flaggons Jt of ale, and two dishes of meat, with one
garment —, which is called Bedman : and in the same manner he
ought to receive of the constable of the castle for the time being,
for eight principal days in the year *.

[*] Oba. Read Olera. Pot herbs, from this very article, below. P.

§f§ Porros. Leeks.

'W-'X Coquina. Kitchen. P.

mill Panes. Loaves. So at Urpath, p. 369. P.

%% Lagenas. Flaggons. It occurs again under Urpath, p. 369.

^ Garriiamento. Read Garniamento, for which see Du Fresne. It
means Garnishment. P. Garnishment, in legal understanding,

* Johannes-o'-the-Orchard ten', unum gar- dnoepiscopo'ipso, cum fainilia sua exist, ap. D.

dm', cum edificijs, et pertin'. suis in Dunelm, cotidie, duos albos panes, duas lagenas cer-

per servic'. inveniendi oba, porros, et al. visie, et duo fercula cum uno garmamento

herbas pro potagio, ad coquinam diii episcopi, quod voc. Bedman : et eod. modo debet per-

pro omnibusadventibus suis ad casirum Dun. et cipe de constab. castri, qui pro tempore fuerit,

constab. qui pro tempore fuerit porros, olera, et per viii dies principales anni rem. uts". In-

berbas pro coquina sua omnibus diebus aiii ; et quis. post mortem Joharinis-o'-the-Orcheyard.

p'd. Johannes vel her. suus debet percipere de 10 Bury.

means

361

ftieans warning, but does not seem to be applicable to this
ease. May it not rather mean a garment, used by Beadsmen,
Oratores, Precatores? for which see Skinner's Etymologicon
Generale, sub verbo, Beads. E.

In the fifth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1349,
John de Wodesende, the day of his death, held of the lord
bishop in capite, one burgage [*] with the appurtenances, in
the borough of Durham, by service for Land male [-j] in the
bailiwick of the borough of Durham*.

£*] Unum Burgagium. A tenement held by burgage tenure. See
Skinner's Etymologiea Expositio Vocum forensium sub voce. P.
and Coke, sup. Littleton, lib. ii. cap. 10. E.

[f ] Per servic'. pro Landmal. The pro is here very singular ; as
to landmal it seems to mean carrying a male or portmanteau,
though our Forensian Glossographers do not acknowledge this
word. Quaere therefore, whether for pro we should not read
PORT, i. e. portandi. Vide New Elvet.

In the sixth year of the pontificate of John Fordham, bishop of
Durham, 1386, Thomas Umframvill held of the lord bishop one
curtilage^ near Durham, by the service of finding daily for the
kitchen, within the Castle of Durham, pot herbs [*] and leeks [-}-],
and on the arrivals of the bishop, being at the Castle aforesaid, the
said Thomas Umframvill and his heirs were to receive daily two

* Johannes de Wodesende ten', de dno epis- landmal ballivo. burg. Dunel. Inquis. post

copo in capite, die quo ob. unum burgag. mortem Johannis de Wodesende. 5 Hat-
cum pertin'. in burgo Dunelm. per servic'. pro field.

3 A loaves

562

loaves [I] and a flaggon of ale [§], and one dish of me&t, from the
kitchen of the said lord bishop *.

% Curtilag, This, I presume, is what is in the former article of
John-o'-the-Orchard, called Gardinum cum Edificijs, and see
Blount's Law Diet, in voce. P.

[*] Olera, See above,

[■f-] Porros. See above.

[I] Panes. See above.

[§] Lagenam. See above.

SCHURNETON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348^
Hugh de Tesedale died seised in his demesne, &e. of one acre of
meadow, with the appurtenances, in the town of Schurnetauj and it
was held of the lord bishop in dringage ^ -f.

^ Dringagium. See Oxenhale, p- 351-

PENCHER, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1849, Cecily, then late wife of
Niehalas de Carlelle, held of the lord bishop in capite, on the day
of her death, six score and four acres of land, with the appurte-

* Thomas Umframvill ten', de dno episcopo copi. Inquis. post mortem Thomas Um-

unum curtilag'. juxta Dimelm, per servic'. framvill. 6 Fordham.

inveniend'. cotidie, coquine infra Castrum -f Hugh de Tesedale ob'. s'. in dominico>

Dun', oleti et porro% et in adyentibus epis- &c.. de una act'-prati cum pettin!.-in- villa de

copi exist', apud Castrum predictum, idem Schurneton, et tenetur de diio episcopo in drin-

Thomas Umframvil! et heredes sui habebunt gagio. Inquis. post mortem Hugonis de

cotidie duos panes et unam lagenam cervisise, Tesedale. 4 Hatfield,
et unutn ferculum de coquiaa dicti dni epie-

nances.

863

natices, in Pen-cber, rendering yeariy at the Exchequer of Durham
six marks, and finding the lerd bishop, for the aforesaid land of
Pencber, in the great chaee [*] (at the great hunt) one man and two
greyhounds *,

[*] Magna Chacea. The bishop had many chaces : quaere which
was the great or principal one ? P,

And in the fifth year of bishop Fordham, 1385, Robert de Carlele
was seised in his demesne, &c. of six score and fourteen ^ acres
of land, with the appurtenances, in Pencber, called Berne we lie,
which were held of the lord bishop, by fealty, and rendering there-
fore to the Exchequer at Durham, at the usual terms, six marks,
and finding for the lord bishop, for the said lands, in his great chaee,
one man and two greyhounds f-,

^ Only four in the preceding article, P,

WEST AUKLAND, COUNTY OF DURHAM,

In the fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1349, John Couppman died
seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and sixty acres of
land, with the appurtenances, in West Aukland, and they were held
in capite of the lord bishop, by fealty, and the service of ten shil-
lings, and three suits at the chief county courts at Durham |.§:|; ; and

* Cecilia, que fiiit uxor Nicholi de Carlelfe, nico, &c. de sexci«s viginti et quatuordeqim

ten', de dHo «piscopo in capite, die quae obiit, acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Pencher, vocat Ber-

sexcies viginti quatuor acr'. teme, cum pertin'. newelle, que teiientur de diio episcopo per fid',

in Pencher, reddendo per ann, Scaccario Dun. €t redd', inde Scaccario Dun', ad tcrminos

sex marcas, et inveniendo drio episcopo, pro usual, sex marc', et inveniendo diio episcopo,

terra predicta de Pencher, in magna chacea, pro dicta terr'.in magna chacea sua, unnm ho-

unum hominem et duos leporarios. Inquis. mineni et duos leporarios. Inquis. post mor-

j)ost mortem Cecjliae de Carlelle. 5 Hatfield. tem Roberti de Carlele. 5 Fordham.
f Robertus de Carlelle fuit seis", in domi-

3 A 2 he

364

he was to plough one half acre of land in the field of the manor of
Camden, with his plough, every year *.

J^^Tlie word Comitatus alone is used for the county-court in Magna
Chiarta, cap. xxxv, " Nullus Comitatus de cetero teneatur," &c.
a^d in stat. 11 Hen. VII. cap. 15, the words " officers holding
'■'. and keeping Counties, occur." So again, stat. 2 and 3 Edw.
VI. cap. 25, " use their Counties to be holden every six weeks,"
' &c. E.

In the seventeenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, WiUiam Fissh held
lof the lord bishop in capite, one messuage, one cottage, and forty
acres of land, with the appurtenances, in West Aukland, in dryn^
gagef , by the service of five shillings and sixpence to be paid at
the Exchequer of Durham, yearly ; and he was to perform three
reap days in autumn at the Grange of Coundon, and to pay to the
same manor yearly sixpence for Avakresilvr X*t^ and to carry the
timber for the mill, and repair the mill dam, and to carry the hay
as the other tenants of the same tenure did in the same town -f'.

% Dryngagio. See Oxenhale, p. 351.

J*]: Averakre silver. I take this to be the same as Avacre below,
the virgula over t being there casually omitted. Now, as Aver

* Johannes Couppman ob'. s'. in domi- cum pertin'. in West Aukland, in dryngagio,

«ico, 8cc. de unum mess', et lx acr'. terrae, per servic'. vs. et vid. ad Scaccarium Dun',

cum pertin'. in West Aukland, et teii'. in ca- solvend'. per annum ; et trium percariar' ia

pite de diio episcopo, per fid', et servic'. decern autumpno debit' Grangie de Coundon, et sex

sol. et tres sect', ad capital com. Dun. et ara- denar'. de avakresilvr debit' eideni manerio per

bit', unam dimid'. acr'. terrae in campo man'. annum, et faciendo in cariacoe me'mij pro mo-r

de Coundon, cum caruca stia, quoHbet anno. lendiuo, et repacoe stagni molendini, ac leva-

Inquis. post mortem Jobannis Couppman. coe foeni, sicut alij tenentes ejusdem tenure

i Hatfield. faciunt in eadem villa. Inquis. post mortem

t Willielraus Fjssh ten', de dHo episcopo in WiUielmi Fyssh. 17 Hatfield.

capite, un'. mess', un'. cot', et xt acr'. terr'.

signifies

S65

signifies oats, espeeially in Yorkshire, some may think it may
denote a payment in lieu of oats, and this indeed might serve
to explain aver-silver, but does not seem to suffice or account
for the acre, a material part of the word. Therefore, as in the
preceding article, we meet with the service of ploughing one half
acre of land, perhaps it may mean a payment made in money,
viz. sixpence, instead of ploughing an acre of land for sowing
oats. P.

In the third year of bishop Fordham, 1383, Robert Fyssh, of
West Aukland, died seised in his demesne, &c. of the fourth part
of a messuage, and forty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in
West Aukland, which were held of the lord bishop in dryngage, by
the service of five shillings and sixpence yearly, and three days
work in autumn, at the bishop's manor of Coundon, and he ought
to pay to the same manor yearly sixpence of auacre silver, and to
assist in carrying the timber foi* the mill, and in repairing the dam
of the same, and in making f the hay of the same manor, as the
rest of the tenants of the town of West Aukland did *.

f Levacoe fceni. Making, cocking, or carrying the hay.

In the eighteenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1362, Robert Fyssh held
of the lord bishop in capite, two tofts, and forty acres of land, with
the appurtenances, in West Aukland, by fealty, and paying to the
Exchequer at Durham, at the usual terms, yearly, six shillings and

*Robertus Fyssh, de West Aukland, ob'. dni episcopi de Coundon, et vid. de auacre
Seis'. in dominico, 8cc. dc quarta parte unius silv'. debit' eidem manerio per annum, et fa-
mess*, et XL acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in West cicnd.' in cariacoe manerij sicut ceteri tenentes.
^ukland, que tenentur de dno episcopo in villae de West Aukland faciunt. Inquis. post
dryngagio, per servic'. v s. et vid.per annum, mortem Roberti Fyssh. 3 Fordham.
1st trium percariar' in autumpuo debit' manerio

eight-

366

eight-pence, and by mowing the corn of the lordjjishop growiog at
Coundon-Grange every year, by himself, or by another, for three
days, and also by making the hay of the lord bishop for two days
at West Aukland, every year, by himself or by another*.

In the twelfth year of the pontificate of bishop SMrlawe, 1395,
Agnes Tomson, of West Aukland, was seised in her demesne of
two messuages and forty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in
West Aukland, which were held of the lord bishop in capite, in
dryngage, by the service of ploughing and harrowing one acre of
land at Coundon-Grange, and by the service of mowing for six days
there, with one man, in autumn, and by the service of making the
hay of the lord bishop at West Aukland, and by the service of
going on embassies^ between Tyne and Tees, when forewarned
so to do -j^.

^ Loracoibus. Read legationibus. See Heighington, infra. P.

GREAT USEWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAiU

Alice Bedick was seised in her demesne, &c. of two parts of the
town of Great Useworth, with the appurtenances, by the service of

* Robertus F^ssh ten', de dno episcopo in fuit in domlnico suo de diiobiis mess', et xl

capite, duo tofta et xl acr'. ten', cum pertin'. acr'. terr'. cum pertiii'. in West Aukland, que

in West Aukland, per fid', et reddendo Scac- tenentur de dno episcopo in capite, in dr^ng.

oario Dun', ad terminos usual, annuatlm sex per servie'. arandi et berciaudi unam acr'.

sol. et VIII denar. et metendo blada diii epis- terrae apud Coundon-Grang'. et per servie'.

copi crescentia apud Coundeu-Grange quo- metendi per sex dies tbidem, cum uno homine

libet anno, per se vel per alium per tres dies, in autumpno, et per servie'. faciendi foenum dtiii

ac etiana faciendi foenum diii episeopi pro duos episcopi apud West Aukland, et per servie'.

dies apud West Aukland, quolibet anno, per se eundi in loracoibus inter Tynam et Tesam,

vel per alium. Inqujs. post mortem Roberti quando premunitus fuerit. Inquis. post mor-

Fyssh. 18 Hatfield. tern Agaetis Tomson. 12 Skirlavv.

+ Agnes Tomson, de West Aukland, seis'.

fifty

36T

fifty shillings and eight-penee a year, and by the service of three
quarters and a half of barley malt, called statmalt f yearly ; and
by the service of three quarters and a half of oatmeal yearly, called
statmele[*], and by the service of seven quarters of oats, called
stathariore [-f ], yearly ; and the aforesaid two parts of the said town
were held in capite of the lord bishop *.

^ Bras ordei vocaf Statmalt. As brasium is malt (see Spelman and
Blount in voce,) and other grain as well as barley was malted,
malt made of barley is here specified ; but why it should be
called statmalt is unknown to me, unless it were for the use of,
the state, i. e. the public or the court.^ Vide Du Fresne, voce
Status. P.

[*] Statmele- See the last note;-

[•f] Avenar' vocat' statharion^ I know not whether I read the lai&t
word right, but be that as it will, it should be, as I take it, stat-
havoine, from the French avoine, oats, quasi state oats.. P.

LITTLE USEWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM

In the seventeenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, Dionisia de Ose-
worth died seised in her demesne, &c. of the moiety of the town of
Little Useworth, with the appurtenances, and she held it of the lord
bishop by fealty, and by the service of finding for the aforesaid

* Alicia Bedick fuit seis' in dominic(v dimid. fariae avernar' per annum, vocat'. stat-.

&c. de duabus partibus villae de Magna Use- mele, et per servic'. septem quarterior' avenar'

vortb, cum pertin'. per servic'. qu^inquaginta vocat'. stathariore per annum, et predictas duas

spj. et octo den', per ann. et per servic'. trium partes predicte villas ten', in capite de dno

quarterior et dimid, bras ordei vocat', statmalt episcopo. Inquis, post mortem Aliciae Bedick..

per annum,, et pec smW. trium quarter' et 15 Hatfield.

bishop

368

bishop one man with a greyhound in his great chace, if sum-
moned §§§ *. '

§§§ S. muneatur. Read si moneatur, i. e. if she be required or
summoned, a phrase of the same nature as si petatur, as in
Whickham, p. 352, and see the tenure of Agnes Tomson in West
Aukland, above. P,

COTOM, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the seventeenth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1361,
Thomas de Graystanes held of the lord bishop three messuages,
the moiety of a water mill, five score acres of land, and eight acres
of meadow, with the appurtenances, in Cotom, by homage and
fealty, and ward and marriage, and the service 6f paying nine
shillings and three-pence, &c. and by paying into the Exchequer of
Durham yearly, sixpence halfpenny for wardsilver f , and by pay-
ing also half a pound of pepper §*§, and for wodehyre ||§|| a half-
penny -f '.

f Wardesilver. Money paid in lieu of keeping ward at a castle.
See Blount's Law Diet, and Spelman's Gloss, voce Ward-
penny. P.

* Dionisia de Oseworth obit (obijt) seis'. in copo tria mess', medietat'. unius molendini

dominico, &c. de medietate villae de Parva aquatici, quinquies viginti acras terrae^ et octo

Oseworth, cum pertin'. et illam ten', de diio acr'. 'prati, cum pertin'. in Cotom, per honi'.

episcopo per fid', et per servic'. invcniendi pre- et fid', et wardam et maritagium, et servic'.

dicto episcopo unum hominem cum lepar. ixs. et iiid. solvend'. &c. et reddendo Scac-

(lepor.) in magna chacea sua, s. tnuneatur, &c. cario Dun', annuatim sex denarios et ob'. pro

Inquis. post mortem Dionisiae de Oseworth. wardesilver, et reddendo eciam dimid. libr.

17 Hatfield. piperis, et pro wodehyre ob'. Inquis. post mor-

tj- Thomas de Graystaues tea', de dno epis- tem Tlio. de Graystanes. 17 Hatfield.

r§ Dimid.

369

§*^ Dimid. lifer, pip'is. Payment of pepper was a common tenure;
so in Bermeton, trium granorum piperis. P.

\\m Pro wodehyre oV. This uncommon word may perhaps mean a
payment for wood taken to his use, though it be so small as an
halfpenny ; so that in the north it seems to be equivalent to
firebote, and haiebote. P.

SOKYRTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the seyenteenth year of bishop Hatfield, 1361, Margaret, late
wife of Robert de Orlyenes, held of the lord bishop in capite, one
messuage and fifteen acres of land, with the appurtenances, in So-
kyrton, by fealty, and paying towards the repairing of the mill-
stones, and the sogges ^ of the lord bishop's mill at Deriington |lfl|,
yearly, and one hen, called wodhen :|*:|; *.

^ Del sogges molendini. The cog-wheejs,, I imagine; sogges being
either mis-written, or mis-read, for eogges. P.

Ill-ll Per ann. The sum or quantity of payment, by some means is

here omitted. P.
X*X Wodhen. See note under Midrigg, p. 359.

' URPATH, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twentieth year of the pontifi^cate of bishop Hatfield, 1364^
Thomas de Urpath held of the lord bishop in capite, the manor of
Urpath, with the appurtenances, (except five Husband Lands ^,
in the manor, and a certain assart [*] called the Riding) by homage

* Margareta, quae fuit uxor Roberti de Or- larum, et del sogges molendini dni episcopi de

lyenes, ten.' de dno episcopo in capite, unum Deriington per annum, et unam gallinam,

mess.' et quindecini acras terrse, cum pertin'. voc'. Wodhen. Inquis. post mortem Margarets

in SokyrtOD; per fid.' et reddendo repacoi mo- de Orleyenes. 17 Hatfield.

3 B and

870

and fealty, and by the service of sixty shillings at the Exchequer
of the lord bishop at Durham, &c. ; and he was to plough and
harrow at Chester (en le street) eight acres of the land of the said
bishop, once a year, receiving from the said bishop meat and vic-
tuals for the days work [-[-] aforesaid : also three days work in
autumn, to wit, each of them with twenty-four men, and a fourth
day's work with twelve men ; and he was to find them victuals and
meat, to wit, for three men one loaf, such as when sixteen loaves
were made of two bushels of corn, and one flaggon of ale, with
three herrings, and one slice [:|.] of cheese through the middle of
a cheese, weighing half a stone, for the days work \_-f] aforesaid ;
also, he was to do other services to the lord bishop in the name of
dringage, to feed a dog and a horse of the said lord bishop, and
to be there at the great chace (hunting) of the lord bishop, with
two greyhounds, and fifteen ropes or strings [§] at the costs of the
said lord bishop ; and he was to carry one hogshead of wine once
a year, within Tyne and Tees, at the will of the lord bishop, and
to do suit to the court at Durham, &c. *

% Terr. Husband. Five pieces of land already in tillage, the same
as terra culta, below. P.

* Thomas de Urpalh ten', de diio episcopo nem, iinde sexdecim panes evenientde duobus

in capite, maner'. de Uipath, cum pertin'. bussell. fri (frumenti), et una lagena cervisie,

(except', quinque Terr'. Husband in mauerio, cum tribus allec' (alec' vel halec'),etunamlecam

et quodam asserto, quae vocatur le Riddyng) casei per medium unius casei ponder', dimid.,

perhom'. et fid', etper servic'.i^x s. adScacca- petr'. pro diurnis predictis; item fac'. alia

rium dni episcopi apud Dunelm.&c. etarrabit servicia dno episcopo nomine dringagii, ad

(arabit) et herciabit apud Cestr'- octo acr'. de pascend'. cariem et equum dicti diii episcopi,

terr'. dicti dni episcopi una vice per annum, et ibid in magna chacea dtii episcopi, cum du-

capiendo de dicto- dn<r episcopo- cibariaet vie- oburlep'arijs et quindeeim cordis ad sumptus

tualia pro diurno ■ pfedicto ; itemtres preca- 'dicti diii episcopi; et cariabit unum doleum

coes in autumpno, scilicet, unamquamq: cum vini una viceper annum, infra Tynam et Theis

XXIV hominibus, et quartam precacdem cum pro vohintate'diii episcopi, et faciet sect', cur',

xn hominibus; et invcniet eis'victualia et Dun'. Inquis; post mortem Tho^ de Urpath.

cibaria, videlicet, tribus hominibus unura pa- 20 Hatfield.

[*] Asserto.

371

[*] Asserto. Morie commonly Assarto. It signifies a piece of lan4
converted from wood land into arable, and in the north, and
elsewhere, is commonly called a ridding. See Blount's Law
Diet, voce Assart. P.

[•f-] Diurno. An acre. Du Fresne in voce. Supposing every acre,
we will imagine, to be a day's work. Vide infra in this ar-
ticle. P. Farms in the western parts of Yorkshire are now
commonly distinguished by so many days work, and a day
work contains about an acre. E.

[j] Lecam casei. A cut or slice of cheese. P.

[§] Cordis. Funibus, i, e. chordis, vide Du Fresne, vol. ii. col.
1067. P.

WESSYNGTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In /the twenty-second yeai* of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield,
1366, Sir William Wessyngton, knight, held the manor of Wessyng-
ton of the lord bishop in capite, by service in the great chace
of the lord bishop with one leash f of greyhounds, at the costs of
the lord bishop going to the chace aforesaid ; and if he should take
any thing with the said greyhounds going towards the said chace,
it W9,s to remain to the use of the bishop ; and in returning at his
own proper charge if he took any thing, it was to be for his own
use *.

* Willielmus Wessyngton, chiv. tenet ma- dictis' leporar'. eund'. versus dictam chaceam

nerium de Wessyngton (de) dno episcopo in remanebit ad opus dni episcopi, et redeundo

capite, per servic'. in magna chaceadniepiscopi sujnptibus suis proprijs s^liquid cepit, a^ opus

per unum leste leporar'. sumptibjis diii episcopi suum proprium habebit. Inquis. post mortem

ad chaceam predictam, et si aliquid cepit cum Willi^lnii Wessingtoti; chiy. 22 Hatfield.

3 B 2 f Leste

3T2

f Leste. Perhaps we should read leshe, leash, which implies three,
it is plainly a plural, as dictis leporarijs follows. P.

SMALLIES, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twenty-second year of bishop Hatfield, 1366, John de
Bradley held of the lord bishop in capite, one messuage and
thirty-two acres of ploughed land, with the appurtenances, in Smal-
lies, near Wolsyngham, and twenty-eight acres of waste land, ac-
cording to certain bounds [-f], by fealty, and the service of one
besant [J], or two shillings *.

[f] Divisas. Metes or bound-marks. Spelm. in voce. Thoroton
Antiq. Nott. p. 268. Malt. Paris, p. 567. P.

[X] Besant. The silver Besant or Bezant, so called from the city o
Byzantium, was of the value of two shillings. See Ponthop,
p. 284, and Kennett, Gloss, ad Paroch. Antiq. voce Bezantine.
In Ponthop it is called Bisancum, mis-read probably for Bisan-
tum. P. Besants were of two sorts, the gold and silver Be-
sants. These coins are not now known, but Dunstan, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, (who came to the see in the year 959)
as it is in the authentical deed, purchased Hendon, in Mid-
dlesex, of King; Edffar, to Westminster, for 200 Bizantines ; of
what value they were was utterly forgotten in the time of King
Edward IH. for whereas the Bishop of Norwich was con-
demned to pay a Bizantine of gold to the Abbot of St. Ed-
mundsbury, for encroaching on his liberty In the time of the

* Johannes de Bradley ten', de dno epis- certas divisas, per fid', et servic'. unius be-

copo in capite, Un\ mess, et XXXII acr'.terrae santi, vel duor'. sol. Inquis. post mortem

de terra culta, cum pertin'. in Smallies, juxta Johannis de Bradley. 22 Hatfield.
Wolsyngham, et xxviii acr'. de vast', per

Conqueror,

37S

.-■■ Conqueror, no man then living could tell how much that .was,
so that it was referred to the King to rate how much he should
pay, which was the more strange, considering that but a hun-
dred years before, 200,000 Bezants were exacted by the Soldan
. .for redeeming- St. Lewis of France, which were then valued at
100,000 hvres. Blount's Glossographia voce Bizantine. E. As
that transaction about Lewis was in the East, the value of the
Bezant might, nevertheless, be unknown in England. The value
of the silver Bezant, however, was well known, viz. two shil-
lings. P.

HOTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twenty-fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1369, John Warde,
of Hoton, died seised in his demesne, &c. of one messuage and
sixty acres of land, with the appurtenances, in Hoton, which were
held of the lord bishop in capite, by homage and fealty, in Drin-
gage, by six bushels^ of oats, to be delivered at the manor of
Middleham, and three bushels ^ of barley at the aforesaid manor*.

^ Bz. Aven. Bz. Ordei. Bussellos, bushels. The word occurs above
in Urpath, and may be found in Spelman's Glossary. P.

LOWLYN, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twenty-fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1369, Thomas d&
Beyll was seised of two messuages and forty acres of land, held

* Johannes Warde, de Hoton, ob'. s'. in dringag. per vi bz. aven'. ad man', de Middl^-

dominico, &c. de uno mess, et lx acr'. terr'. ham, et in bz. ordei ad predictum man',

cum pertin'. in Hoton, que tenentur de dno Inquis. post mortem Johamiis Warde. 25 Hslt-

episcopO in capite, per horn', et fid', in field.

S74
of the lord bishop in Thynawe||l|, by the service of twenty shillings

a year *.

§11^ Thynagio. A rare word, which, if it has not respect to the river
Tyne, may mean cooperagie, tina or tyna, signifying a wooden
vessel or cask in Du Fresne ; or it may have reference to Thing,
a part, hundred, or division of a county, for which see Spelm.
voce Thingus and Thungrerius, and Trithinga. P.

GOSWYCK, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twenty-fifth year of bishop Hatfield, 1369, Thomas de
Beyll was seised of two messuages and fifty-six acres of land,
with the appurtenances, in Goswyck, held of the lord bishop in
Socage ^, and by the service of eight shillings and ten-pence f.

f Socagio. From the French Soc, a plough-share. Socage is a
tenure of lands for some small services of husbandry to be
performed to the lord, which services are now in general
turned into pecuniary payments ; and all tenures by knights
service, &c. were by the stat. 12 Gar. II. cap. 24, turned into
free and common socage. E.

In the thirty-sixth year of bishop Hatfield, 1380, Robert Gray,
of Cornale, held lands and tenements in Goswyck, of the lord
bishop in Dringage, and Sowthfar |]§(|, Biresilver J§J, Burdsilver §§§,
Oughtrape, and Wamelade 1|[{|| J.

* Tho. de Beyll fuit seis. (de) duo mess. episcopo in socagio, et perservic'. viijs. x (L

et X L acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Lowlyn, et Inquis. post mortem Tlio. BeyTI. 25 Hatfield,

tenentur de dno episcopo in Thynagio, per ser- % Robertas Gray, de Cornale, ten', terr*.

vie'. XX s. per aim. Inquis. post mortem et ten', in Goswyk, que tenentur diio episcopo

Tho. Beyll. 25 Hatfield. in Dring. et Sowthfar, feresilvir, Burdsilver,

t Item, fuit seis. (de)ii mess.etLVi acr'. terr'. Oughtrape, et Wamelade. Inquis. post mor-

cum pertin.' in Goswyck, et tenentur de diio tern R'oberti Gray, 56 Hatfield.

ill Sowthfar.

375

^§11 Sowthfar. It occurs not in the Glossaries, but the sound of
the word seems to denote going on messages to the south-
ward. P.

J^J Biresilver. This again is not found in the Glossaries, but if hire
be the same as to bear or carry, it may mean money paid to
be exempt from carrying for the lord. P.

Biresilver, it is easier to imagine, applies to money for cattle using
a hire, than to think it refers to bear or carry ; the more so,
as it more naturally connects with the explanation of burd silver,
being both incurred at the fair or market. W-

§§§ Burdsilver. This possibly may be the same as bordhalfpeny,
which was money paid for erecting a stall in a fair or market.
Spelman. P. And see Blount's Law Diet, in verbo. E.

j!|]j| Oughtrape, and Wamelade. I join these two together, because
in appearance they are correlatives, ham or home being pro-
nounced in the north worn ; thus they may be interpreted mis-
chief or injury done abroad and at home. Rape explains itself;
and for lada see Du Eresne, voce Ladare. P.

In the eighth year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1395,

Loretta de Butery was seised in her demesne, &c. in twenty acres

of demesne land, and in nine husband lands ^ in the town of

Goswyck, and they were held of the lord bishop in capite, and

paid to him yearly at the four usual terms, by equal portions,

twenty shillings and ten-pence halfpenny; and she used to pay

plough silver §:f§ yearly, but at that time it was not paid, because of

the devastation made by the Scotts *.

f Terris.

* Loretta de- Butery fuit seis'. in doini- dnicalis), et in novem terris husband' in vJlla
BJco, &c. in XX acr'. terrae diiicaliu'. (potius de Goswyk, et ea (potius eae) ten'.'de dno epis-

copo

376

% Terris. Closes or fields. See above. And as to Husband, se^
tbere also, p. 370. P.

§-|| Plugh silver. Money paid in lieu of ploughing the lord's land,:
it explains itself. P.

PMNSWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the second year of the pontificate of bishop Fordham, 1382,
John de Elvet, of Durham, held of the lord bishop in capite, four
messuages and sixty-four acres of land> with the appurtenances, in
Plansworth, by fealty, and the service of paying five shillings and
four-pence to the Exchequer at Durham, at the four usual terms
(yearly), and four hensj at the office of the master forester <([, at the
feast of St. Martin*.

!■" 'h
' ■ i

^ Offic. Mag'' Forest. At the office of the principal forester. The
same, I apprehend, as forestarius capitalis, (Barrington's Ob-
servations on the Statutes, p. 38,) who had his court. P.

SADBERG, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the third year of bishop Fordham, 1383, R. de Gretham, of
Sadberg, held of the lord bishop in capite, two messuages, twenty-
six acres of land and a half, with the appurtenances, in Sadberg,

copo in capite, et reddendo ei per ann. ad dno episcopo in capite, iin mess', sexagii^a

quatuor term', usual', per equal'. porc5es, iiii acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Plansworth,

XX ^ xd. et un'. ob'. Et solebat reddere per fid', et seryic'. reddend'. vs. et mid.

per ann. plugh silver, sz. modo diu non red- Scaccario Dun', ad quatuor terminos usual',

didit causa distructionis (destructionis) Scot- et quatuor gallin. offic. mag" forest, ad

toruni. Inquis. post mortem Lorettae de festum S. Martini. Inquis. post mortem Jo-

Buttery. 8 Skirlaw. hannis de Elvet. 2 Fordham..

* Johaoaes de Elvet, de Dunelm'. ten'»de

377

by homage and fealty, and suit to the county court of Sadberg :|:'j~J,
arid by keeping the gaol of Sadberg, along with the baron of Gray-
stock, Walter Talboys, and others *.

XfX Sect. Com. Sadberg. In West Morton, p. 348, it is called the
Wapentake of Sadberg, but here it is expressly stiled comitatus,
or county. This place must not be confounded with Sedburg, in
Yorkshire, where the famous school is. Vide Camden. P.

REDWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fourth year of bishop Skirlawe, 1391, John de Redworth died
seised in his demesne, &c. of two messuages and twenty-six acres of
land and meadow, with the appurtenances, in Redworth, held of the
said lord bishop in capite, by homage and fealty, and the service of
four shillings and ten-pence a year, to be paid at the Exchequer at
Durham, and the rent of one hen and two parts of a hen ^, to be
paid at the same Exchequer yearly at Christmas : also every '^^^
five acres of the said twenty-six were to find one man to work one
day at the works of the manor of Midrigg, in autumn, yearly : and
the said two messuages and twenty-six acres of land and meadow
were to find a servant to mow, make %'\% or cock, and carry away |j:§,
the hay of one acre and a half of meadow belonging to the said
manor : and they were to grind the corn growing upon those lands^,
at the mill of the lord of Rykenal, to the sixteenth dish §*§. f

*^ Duarum

* R, de Gretham, de Sitdberg, ten', de f Johannes de Redwprth ob'. seis. in do-

diio episcopo in capite, duo mess', viginti et minico, de duob'. mess, et xxvi acr'. terr.' et

sex acr'. terra, et dimid'. cum pertin.' in Sad- prati, cum pertin'. in Redworth, que ten', de

berg, per hom'. et fid.' et sect', com. Sadberg, dicto dHo episcopo in capite, per homag'. et

et custod^ gaolae Sadberg, cum barone de fid', et servic'. quatuor s'. et x den'.~,per ami.

Graystock, Waltero Talboys, et alijs. Jn- sol', ad Scaccarium Dun', et redditus un'. gal-

qiiis, post mortem R. de Gretham. 3 Ford- linie et duar', partium un'. gall', sol', ad eund'.

hup. Scaccarium per ann'. ad Natale Diii t'm. et

3 C (jualibet

f Duarum partium unius gallinse. We are not to suppose the hen
was divided, but having a current value set upon her, two-thirds
of that value were to be paid. P.

:]:*]: T'm et quelibet quinque acr'. I know not what to make of this
abbreviation (t'm) unless it be for turn or item. P.

§i § Levand'. See note under West Aukland, p. 366.

§:[.§ Limit. Foeni. I cannot but think limit, is mis-read ; however, I
can make nothing of it. P.

§*§ Ad XVI vas. See note under Easington, p. 354.

HEIGHINGTON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the tenth year of bishop Skirlawe, 1397, William del North
Was seised in his demesne of one messuage and three oxgangs of
land, with the appurtenances, in Heighington, held of the lord
bishop in capite, by knight's service,^ and the service of two shil-
lings, annual ferm, at the four usual terms of payment in the
bishopric of Durham, and by the service of paying two shillings
yearly for cornage f at the times aforesaid ; and by the service of
paying two shillings to the common aid§j.§, when it runs in the
bishopric of Durham; and by the service of going on the embas-
sies §§§ of the lord bishop, when there should be occasion *.

f It

qusellbet quinque acr'. dictar'. XXVI acr'. ter' et keiral ad xvi vas. Inquis. post mortem Jo-

prati invenient unum hominem ad opus unius hannis de Redworth. 4 Skirlaw.

diei ad opera manerij de Midrigg operanda * Willielmus del North seis'. fuit in domi-

in autumpno per annum, et dicta duo mess'. nico de unum mess, et tribus bovat'. terr'. cum

€t XXVI acr'. ter' et prati invenient unum pertin'. in Heighington, que tenentur de dco

s'vum ad falcand'. levaud'. et cariand'. limit'. dUo episcopo in capite, per servic*. mil', et per

fceni unius acr'- et dimid. prati pertin'. ad servic'. duor'. sol', annue firme ad quatuor

dictum manerium, et molent bl'. super easdem term', in epatum Dun', us', et per serv'. solv'.

terras crescent', ad molendinum dni de Ry- duos sol. ann. pro comag. ad ter'. predictos;

«T9

f It appears from West Morton, p. 348, that cornage is the same as
chastelwarde, and consequently means blowing a horn for sum-
moning the guard of a castle together, in order to its defence.
See note under Burgh on the Sands, p. 96. Camd. Brit.
Blount's Law Diet, voce Cornage, and Du Fresne, voce Cor-
nagium. P.

||.§ Commune auxilium. See note under Refhop, p. 359.

§|§ Eundi in legationibus. See note under West Aukland, p. 367.

WOLSYNGHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the twelfth year of bishop Skirlawe, 1399, Juliana Riall, and
William Riall, aliened, in fee-simple, without the licence of the lord
bishop, to John Foweler, one messuage, and one piece of land
called Spanesfeld, and another piece of land called Spermanland,
with the appurtenances, in Wolsyngham, which were held of the
lord bishop in capite, by foreign service ^, and by the service of
keeping the park J*J of the lord bishop there, for forty days in
fawnyson-tyme JJ:|:, and for forty days in rutyng-tyme |HJ|1 *.

f Per for' serv. See note under Ponthop, p. 285.

J*|. Pecu'. I presume p'cu', P. Perhaps it may be right as it is,
and that the service might be to keep the bishop's sheep or
deer at those times. E.

et per servic'. solv". duos sol. ad coe auxilium, pec', terr'. vocatur Spanesfeld, et alium pec*,

qti currit in epatum Dun', et per servic', terr', vocatur Spermanland, cum pertin'. ia

<eundi in legat'. dni episcopi cum opus fuerit. Wolsyngham, que tenentur de dno episcopo in

Inquis. post mortem Willielmi del North. 10 capite, per for', serv'. et serv'. custod. pecu'.

Skirlaw. dni episcopi ibid, pro xl dies in fawnyson-

* Juliana Riall, et Willielmus Riall, alienav', tyme, etpro XL dies inrutyng-tjme. Inquis.

in feodo simplici Johanni Foweler, absque de anno. 12 Skirlaw-r
lie', domini episeopi, unum mess.^ et unum

3 c 2 ttt Fawnyson-

380

tlX Fawnyson-tyme. See notes under Stanhope, p. 357. '

mill Rutyng-tyme. The month of September, when the deer couple,
and are fierce. E.

SECT. II.

Of Lands held of temporal Palatines, ewercising regal
Authority within the Kingdom, by Services of the
nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S^c.

HALTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, created Nigel, or Neale, baron
of Halton in Cheshire, constable and marshal of Chester, by con-
dition of service to lead the vauntguard of the earFs army, when he
should make any expedition into Wales ; so as the said baron should
be the foremost in marching into the enemy's country, and the last
in coming back *.

BARONS OF CHESHIRE.

The Earl of Chester's barons ^ were antiently bound in time of
war with the Welch, to find for every knight's fee, one horse with
caparison and furniture, or two without, within the divisions of
Cheshire ; and their knights and freeholders were to have corslets
and haubergeons 1|*11, and defend their own Fees with their own
bodies -f.

* Chrouicon Cestriae. Blount, lOQ. f Camd. Brit, ex antiq. MS. Blount, 23.

f The

381

f The first Earl of Chester's barons were, Nigel, baron of Halton,
constable of Chester ; Robert, baron de Mont-hault, seneschal
or steward of the county of Chester ; William de Malbedenge,
baron of Malbanc ; Richard Vernon, baron of Sipbroke ; Ro-
bert Fitz Hugh, baron of Malpas ; Haramon de Mascy ; Gilbert
Venables, baron of Kinderton ; and N. baron of Stockport*.

11*11 Haubergella, or hambergellus. See pp. 127, 128, 180.

BURTON, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

John Burden held four bovats of land in demesne in Burton,
in the county of Nottingham, of the Honour of Tickhill, by the ser-
vice of finding one horse and one sack when the constables of
Chester marched in Wales in the King^s service -j^

John Burden, for his land in Burton, owes two suits (to the court
of the Honour of Tickhill ;) and in the army in Wales he is to find
one horse of the price of five shillings, and one sack and a broch
of the price of eight-pence: and when the army shall return, he
shall have his horse and his sack, or the price : and he is to make
seven feet of the causey :]:|J J.

'!l^'^^ Calcet. Calcetum. A causey. Ainsw. Diet. Law Lat. Pro-
bably a road carried over the marshy ground adjoining to
Tickhill Castle. E.

* Camd. Brit, ex antiq. MS. Blount, 23., et cun^. exercitus redierit habebit eqiium suum

f Testa de Nevil. Blount, 94. et saccutn, vel pretium. Et debet fac. septem

;{: Johannes Burdon, pro terra in Button, ped. super Calcet. Ex vet. Rot. Feodan.

(Burton) debet duas sectas, et in exercitu Honoris de Tickhull, penes F. F. Foljambe

Walliae debet invenire unum equum de pretio Arm.

vs. et unum saccum, et broch. pretii viiid.

LOUND

S82

LOUND AND CLUMBER, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Thomas de Heyton, and Elias Fitz Hubert, held their lands in
Lund and Clumber, by the same service *.

And Adam de Hayton, and William Fitz Hubert, hold two parts
of one carucate of land in Lunde, Clumber, Retford, and Mis-
terton, of the Honour of Tickhill, for one horse and one sack, to
the constable of Tickhill, when he should go into Wales, and pay
no escuage -f-.

DORE, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Matthew de Haversegge (now called Hathersedge) for his land
in Pore did the same service J.

TINESLOWE, NOW TINSLEY, COUNTY OF YORK.

William de London holds Tinneslowe by serjeanty, and he is to
receive a hawk at the feast of St. Michael, and to train and teach
it (custodire) the whole winter, and to have for training it, seven-
pence halfpenny every day, out of the lord's purse, for his service :
and his horses were to be appraised, if they died in the same
service, and the lord was to pay him the price §.

* Thomas de Heyton, et Elias filius Hub. Dor. facit idem servicium. Ex Rot. praedicto.
pro terra sua in Luud et Columb, facerint § Praeterea Willielmus de London tenet

idem servicium. Ex Rot. praedicto. Tineslowe per serjantiam, et debet recipere

•f Adam de Hayton, et Willielmus filius unum aucipitrem ad festum Sancti Michaelis,
Hubert!, tenent duas partes unius caruc. et custodire ilium per totum yemem, et debet
terrae in Lunde, Clumber, Retford, et Mis- habere pro custodia quolibet die viid. ob.
terlon, de Honore de Tykhull, pro uno equo, de bursa domini, pro servicio suo. Et equi
et uno sacco> constab. de Tikhull, quando ibit sui debent appretiari si moriaut. in eodem ser-
in Wal. et nul. scutag. dant. Ex Rot. prae- vicio, debet ei reddece pro praetio. Ex Rot.
dicto. prffidicto.

1 Mattheus de Haversegge pro terra sua in

William

38a

WilUam Wynttworth holds his tenements in Tynneslowe, by the
service of training and teaching a hawk (custodiendum ;) and he
was to have every day, for his charge, seven-pence halfpenny out
of the lord's purse *.

And Thomas Denmaii holds the other moiety in Tynneslowe by
the same service -j-.

LETTEWELLE, COUNTV OF YORK.

Thomas de Lettewelle holds one acre of land in Lettewelle by
serjeanty, and he is to receive one brachet ^ at the Nativity of the
blessed Mary^^J, and to keep it the whole winter, and to have
every day for keeping it three-pence halfpenny. Inquire concern-
ing the residue of this serjeanty, because it appears in the book
of fees that eight oxgangs of land were held of the Honor of
Tickhill, by the same service J.

^ Brachettum. A hound dog probably. See note under Bericote,
p. 231. E.

f^.%% Nativitatem, Beatse Mariae. 8th September,

BENTLEY, COUNTY OF YORK.

Richard Scrope holds the manor of Bentley, with its members,

*;WilIielinus Wyntworthe tenet ten. sua in recipere untim brachettum ad Nativitatem

Tynneslowe, per servicium custodiend. unum Beatae Mariae, et custodire ilium pet totum

aadpitrem. Et debet h'ere quolibet die pro yeniem, et debet habere quolibet die pro

cHstag. suoviid. ob. de bursa domini. Ex cnstod. iiid. ob. Inqui. de residuo ist. ser-

Rot. praedicto. jantife quia in libro feod. patet quod oeto bo-

+ Thomas Denman tenet al. mediet. in vat. terrae tenent. fuer. de Honore praedicto per

Tynneslowe, per idem servicium. servicium praedictum. Ex praedicto Rot.

% Thomas de Lettewelle tenet unam acram I^odar. Honoris de Tickhill.

terrae in LetteweUe, per-serjtmtiaro, «t debet

for

384

for four knights fees, and pays yearly, at the feast of St. Thomas
the Apostle, for castle-guard, twenty shillings ; and at the Purifica-
tion of the Blessed Mary, six shillings and eight-pence ; and at the
feast of Easter, for meat to the watchmen, eight-pence ; and aid to
the sheriff, two shillings and sixpence ; and at the feast of the Nati-
vity of St, John the Baptist, for castle-guard, tAventy shillings ; and
at the feast of St. Michael, for meat to the watchmen, eight-pence;
and for aid to the sheriff, two shillings and sixpence ; and does suit
to the court from three weeks to three weeks : and the said manor
is now in the tenure of Richard Scrope, Esq. *

N. B. It afterwards belonged to Adam de Newmarch ; and 19 Eliz.
1577, to Francis Wyndham, Esq. and was held by the same
services -|^.

The heirs of John Annesley hold one knight's fee, of the said four
knights fees, and pay to the Casde of Tickhill, at the feast of the
Purification of the blessed Mary, twelve-pence, and more eight-
pence halfpenny |..

OSBERTON, COUATY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Maunesumus^ de liersey holds the whole town of Osberton of
the Countess of Ewe %{%, by the service of being her steward ] and

* Ricliardus Scrope tenet manerium de septimanis in tres seplimanas. Et praedicfum

Bentley, cum membris, pro iiii feod. milit. manerium modo est in tenur. Richardi Scrope,

et redd, per annum, ad festa Sancti Thomffi armig. Ex Rot. praedict.

Apostoli, pro warda castri xxs. et Pur. Beatse f Return of a commission to enquire con-

Mariae, vi s. viiid. et ad festum Paschae, pro cerningthe Honor of Tickhill, dated 28 June,

cibo vigilat. viii d. et auxilium vie. ii s. vi d. 19 Elizabeth.

Et ad festa Nat. Sancti JohannisBaptiste, pro J Et hered. Johannis Annesley tenent de

warda castri xxs. et ad festum Sancti Mi- dictis nir feod. unum feod. et reddit Castro

chaelis, pro cibo vigilat. vin d. et ad auxilium de TykhuU, ad festum Pur. Beatae Mariae

vie IIS, vid. Et fact, sect. cur. de tribus xnd. et plus viiid. ob. Ex Rot. praedict.

the

385

the. heir of Alfirton had the land, and kept it by the like ser-
vice*.

% This christian name seems to be a corruption of Onesimus. P.

§|I§ This Countess of Ewe, whose christian name was AHce, I take
to have been the daughter of that Earl and Countess of Ewe
who are mentioned, p. 157, for she was living ihe 5th of King
Edw. IV. 1465, as appears by the feodary roll of the Honor of
Tickhill, from which these extracts are made. She held thirty-
nine knights fees, a third part, and a fiftieth part of a knight's
fee, in the county of Nottingham, of the Honor of Tickhill. E.

ATHEWYK, NOW ADWICK-UPON-DERNE, COUNTY

OF YORK.

William Clarell formerly did fealty, and acknowledged, that he
held the manor of Adthewyk, and paid every two years towards
keeping the Castle (of Tickhill) each year seven shillings and four-
pence; and every third year eight shillings, and ten shilUngs io
keep a hawk X^^ : and he said that Hugh Curson, every third
year, paid fourteen-pence for his tenement in Athewyk -f.

%^X Osterer. Probably mis-copied for Ostercum, a goshawk. See
note under Peckham, p. 266. And observe, that Francis F.
Foljambe, Esq. is now seised of a rent of four shillings and
eight-pence, issuing out of lands at Mexbrough, the adjoining
township, every third year, by the name of Hawk-silver. E.

* Maunesumus de Hersy tenet totam villam wyk et reddendo singulis duob. annis ad cus-

de Osberton, deComitissa Augy,perservicium todiam castri utroque anno viis. mid. et

quod sit dispen. ejus, et heres de Alfirton quolibet tercio anno viiis. etxs. ad custo-

habet terram, et defendit earn per tale ser- diam Osterer. Et dicit quod Hugo Curson

vicium. £x Rot. predict. quolibet tercio anno sol. xiv d. pro ten. suo

t Willielmus Clarell quondam fee. fidelit. in Athewyk. Ex Rot. predict,
et cognovit quod tenebat manerium de Adth-

3 D I rather

386

I rather think this is a term derived from ostiarius, perhaps, in
common language, called an osterer, or door-keeper. It is more
natural that this should be the allusion, especially as the duty is
connected with the keepers of the castle : but it may be a fal-
coner. W.

Perhaps the same as astringer, for, in Shakspeare's " All's Well
that ends Well," act v. sc. 1, there is made to enter on the stage,
" a gentle astringer."

A gentle astringer is a gentleman falconer ; the word is derived
from ostercus or austercus, a goshawk, and thus, says Cowell in
his Law Dictionary, " we usually call a falconer, who keeps
that kind of hawk, ap austringer." Note. Chalmers's edit, of
Shakspeare.

MEKESBURGH, now MEXBROUGH, COUNTY OF

YORK.

The tenants of the land of Roger Bacon [*] did fealty, and
acknowledged that they held in Mekesburgh four oxgangs of
land, and paid every two years for keeping the Castle (of Tick-
hill) in each year, two shillings and four-pence, and the third year
they paid nothing ; and they came to the two great Courts [;j-] *.

[*] Quaere, if this was not the famous fryer, Roger Bacon ? for
there is a tradition that he was a native of this part of York-
shire, and that his brazen head was set up in a field at Roth-
well, near Leeds, where the editor was born. E.

* Tenentes terrjae Rogeii Bacon fecerint ii s. ivd. et tercio anuo nichil reddunt et fa-

fidelit. et co<rnover. quod teiient in Mekes- cerint duos adventus ad duos magn. cur. Ex

burgh nil bovat. terrae £t reddunt singulis Kot.- predict,
duob. annis ad custod. <;astri utroque anno

[t]Two

387

[f] Two great courts, i. e. at Easter and Michaelmas. The courts
leetfor this part of the Honor of Tickhill, continue to be held at
Mexbrough twice a-year. E,

Note. That the before-mentioned manors and lands at Burton
Lound, Clumber, Retford, Misterton, Dore, Tinsley, Letwell,
Bentley, Osberton, Adwick, and Mexbrough, are all held of
the Honor of Tickhill, parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster; the
owners of which duchy, before it was annexed to the crown,
were palatines, and had jura regalia. E.

WHICHNOR, COUNTY OF STAFFORD *.

Sir Philip de Somervile, knight, held the manner of Whichnour
in com. Stafford, of the Eirle of Lancaster, then lord of the Ho-
nour of Tutbury, by these memorable services, viz. by two small
fees, that is to say, when other tenants pay for releef (of) one whole
knight's fee, one hundred shillings; he the said Sir Philip shall
pay but fifty shillings^ and when escuage is assessed througheout
the land, or ayde for to make the eledest son of the lord knyght, or
for to marry the eldest daughter of the lord, the sayd Sir Philip shal
pay hot the moty of it, that other shal paye. Nevertheless the sayd
Sir Philip shal fynde, meynteinge, and susteigne one bacon flyke,
hanginge in his halle at Wichenore, ready arrayed all tymes of the
yere, bott in Lent, to be given to everyche mane or womane mar-
ried after the day and yere of their mariage be passed ; and to be
given to everyche mane of religion, arch-bishop, prior, or other
religious, and to everyche preest, after the year and day of their
profession finished, or of their dignity reseyved,in forme following,

* This was a translation in Henry the VII's Illd's tyme, and printed in Bar. AngK Part II.
tjme, from a roll in French of Edward the fo. 106.

3 D 2 whensoever

388

whensoever that ony such before named wylle come for to enquire
for the baconne in their owne person, or by any other for them, they
shall come to the bayliff or to the porter of the lordship of Whiche-
nour, and shall say to them, in the manere as ensewethe :

*' Baylife or Porter I doo you to knowe, that I am come for my-
" self" (or if he come for any other shewing for whome) " to
•' demand one bacon flyke, hanging in the halle of the lord of
*' Whichenour, after the forme thereunto belonginge."

After which relation, the baiUff or porter shal assigne a day to
him, upon promise by his feythe to returne, and with him to bring
tweyne of his neighbours, and in the meyn time the said bailif
shal take with him tweyne of the freeholders of the lordship of
Whichenoure, and they three shal goe to the mannour of Rudlowe,
belonging to Robert Knyghtleye, and there shal somon the foresaid
Knyghtley, or his bayliffe, commanding hym to be ready at Whiche-
nour the day appointed at pryme ^ of the day, with his carriagCj
that is to say, a horse and a sadyle, a sakke and a pryke t.§'t, for to
convey and carry the said baconne and corne a journey |1*|| owt of
the countee of Stafford at his costages ; and then the sayd bailiffe
shal, with the said freeholders, somon all the tenaunts of the said
manoir to be ready at the day appoynted at Whichenour, for to doe
and performe the services which they owe to the Baconne : and at
the day assigned, all such as owe services to the Baconne shal be
ready at the gatte of the manoir of Whichenour, frome the sonne
risinge to none, attendyng and awayting for the comyng of hym
that fetcheth the Baconne ; and when he is comyn, there shall be
delivered to hym and his fellowys chapeletts, and to all those
whiche shal be there, to doe their services deue to the baconne ;
and they shall lede the seid demandant wythe tromps and tabours,

and

389

and other manner of mynstralscye to the Hall Dore, where he shal
fynde the lord of Whichenour or his steward redy to deliver the
baconne in this manere.

f Pryme of the day. At dawn. A.

^^X Pryke. See note under Kinwaldmersh, p. 132.

11*11 Journey, i. e. A day's journey ; journee, French, from jour, a
day. A.

He shall enquere of hym which demandeth the baconne, if he
have brought tweyne of his neghbours with hym, which must
answere, *' They be here redy :" and then the steward shall cause
theis two neighbours to swere, yf the seid demandant be a weddyt
man, or have be a man weddyt ; and, yf syth his marry age one
yere and a day be passed : and if he be a freeman or villeyn. And
if his seid neghbours make othe that he hath for hym all theis three
poynts rehersed, then shall the baconne be take downe and broght
to the halle dore, and shal there be layd upon one half a quarter of
wheatte and upon one other of rye. And he that demandeth the
baconne shal kneel upon his knee, and shall hold his right hande
upon a booke, which booke shall be layd above the baconne dnd
the corne, and shal make oath in this manere :

" Here ye, Sir Philip de Somervyle, lord of Whichenour, mayn-
" tayner and giver of this baconne, that I A. syth I wedded B.
" my wife, and syth I had her in my kepyng and at my wylle, by
" a yere and a daye after our marryage, I wold not have
" chaunged for none other, farer ne fowler, richer ne powrer, ne
♦' for none other descended of gretter lynage, slepyng ne wak-
" ing, at noo tyme. And if the seid B. were sole and I sole, I

" wolde

39(>

*' wolde take her to be my wife before all the wymen of the
*' worlde, of what condytions soevere they be, good or evyle, as
*' helpe me God and his seyntys, and this flesh, and all fleshes."

And his neighbours shall make oath that they trust verily he
hath said truly : and yf it be founde by his neighbours before-
named, that he be a freeman, there shall be delyvered to him half
a quarter of wheatte and a cheese : and yf he be a villein, he shall
have half a quarter of rye withoutte cheese, and then shal
Knyghtley, the lord of Rudlowe, be called for to carry all theis
thynges to fore rehersed : and the said corne shal be layd upon one
horse, and the baconne above yt, and he to whome the baconne
apperteigneth shal ascend upon his horse, and shal take the cheese
before hym, if he have a horse, and yf he have none, the lord of
Whichenour shall cause him to have one horse and sadyl, to such
tyme as he be passed his lordshippe ; and soe shall they departe
the manoyr of Whichenour with the corne and the baconne to fore
him that hath wonne ytt with trompets, tabourets, and other
manoir of mynstralce. And all the free tenants of Whichenour shal
conduct him to be passed the lordship of Whichenour, and then
shall all they retorne, except hym to whom apperteigneth to make
the carriage and journy withoutt the countye of Staflbrd, at the
costys of his lord of Whichenour.

And yf the seid Robert Knyghtley doe not cause the baconne
and corne to be conveyed as is rehersed, the lord of Whichenour
shal do it to be carried, and shall distreigne the said Robert
Knyghtley for his default, for one hundred shillings in his manoir
of Rudlow, and shale kepe the distresse so takyn, irreplevis-
able *.

* Blount, 95.

BRIDSHALL,

89i

BRIDSHALL, COUNTY OF STArFORD.

Moreover the sayd Sir Philippe holdeth of his lord the erle, the
manoir of Briddeshalle hy theis services, that att such tyme that
hys sayd lord holdeth his Chrystemes at Tuttebury, the sayd Sir
Philippe shall come to Tuttebury upon Chrystemes evyn, and
shall be lodged yn the town of Tuttebury, by the marshall of the
erly's bouse, and upon Chrystemas day, he hymself, or some other
knyght, his deputye, shal goe to the dressour, and shall sev*^e^
his lordy's messe, and then shal he kerve|l|| the same mett to his
sayd lord, and this service shall he doe as vv^ell at souper as at
dynner, and v^hen his lord hath etyn, the said Sir Phihppe shal sit
downe in the same place their his lord satt, and shall be served at
his table by the steward of the erly's house. And upon Seynt
Stevyn day when he haith dyned he shal take leve of his lorde and
shal kisse him ; and for his service he shal nothing take, ne nothing
shall ^yve. And all theis services to fore rehersed, the sayd Sir
Philippe hath doo by the space of xlviii years, and hys ancestors
before hym, to his lordys, erles of Lancastre *.

^ Sewe, Place his lord's mess upon the table.
'1111 Kerve. Carve.

TATENHULL and DRYCOT, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

Item, the sayd Sir Phelippe holdeth of his seid lorde the erle,
his manoirs of Tatenhull and Drycotte, en parceneyi^ by theis
services, that the seid Sir Phelippe, or his atturneye for hym, shal
come to the Castle of Tuttebury upon Seynt Petyr day in August,
which is call Lammesse, and shall shew the steward or recever

* Blount, 100.

that

392

that he is come thither to hunt and catch his lord^s grcese :[,§$, at

the costages of his lord. Whereupon the steward or the recever

shal cause a horse and sadyl to be deliveryd to the sayd Sir Phe-

lippe, the price fifty shillings, or fifty shillings in mony, and one

hound, and shall pay to the seid Sir Phelippe, every che day, fro the

seid day of Seynt Petyr to Holye-rood day ||-|[|, for hymself two

shillings sixpence a day, and everyche day for his servant and his

bercelett[*] duryng the seid tyme, twelve-pence. And all the

woodmasters of the foreste of Nedewode and Duffelde, with all

the parkers and foresters, shal be commanded to awatte and attend

upon the seid Sir PheUppe while theyr lordy's greese X^X be takyn,

in all places of the sayd forystes, as upon theyr master duringe the

sayd tyme. And the sayd Sir Phelippe, or his atturney, shall deUver

to the sayd parkers or foresters that which shal belonge to their

lordy's lardere, commanding them to convey itt to the erly's lar-

dyner ^ abiding at Tuttebury, and with the remanant the seid Sir

Phelippe shall do his plesoure. And upon Holye-rood day ||f I| the

sayd Sir Phelippe shall returne to the Castle of Tuttebury, upon the

sayd horse with his bercelett [*], and shal dyne with the steward or

receyver ; and after dynner he shall deliver the horse, sadyle, and

bercelett [*] to the steward or receyveour, and shal kisse the porter

and depart*.

%^X Greese. Wild swine. Blount, See Skinner's Etymologicon
Generale, verbo. Grice. Porcellus. From the French, gris,
grey. E. See p. 189.

The common people in Scotland call swine grice at this day. W.
yf 11 Holye-rood day. 14th September.

* Blount, 101.

[*] Bercelett.

S93

{_*] Bercelett. A hound. Blount. Quaere, if not a shepherd's cur,
from the Norm. Fr. bercil, a sheepfold. See Kelham's Norm,
Fr. Diet. E. See under Stanhow, p. 232.

% Lardiner. The officer who presided over the larder.

;>ft-;'J. i^i-l

8v '

SECT. III.

Of Lands held of Ecclesiastical Lords hy Services of th^
n nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, ^c,

LANGWATH.

On the 13th of the calends of January, (20th December), 1279,
the Chapter of Saint Peter of York, granted to farm to I. S. all
their hay §:|:§ of Langwath, with the soil of the same hay, heath,
marsh, and all other the appurtenances, rendering therefore yearly
to them, in the buck season % one buck, and, in the doe season <f ,
one doe, &c, *

§^§ Hay. See notes under Chesterton and Teynton, p. 242.

% Tempus pinguidinis et tempus firmationis. Buck season and
doe season. The former word, pinguedinis, from pinguis, fat,
being the season when bucks were fattest, and the latter.

* Universis, &c. Capitulum Bead Petri tempore pinguedinis, unuin damum, et fer-

Ebor. concessisse ad firmatn J. S. totam misonae tempore unam damam, &c. dat. xiii.

hayam nostram de Langw^ath, cutii solo ejiis- calend. Ja'nuar. anna mcglxxix. £x ipso

dem haya, bruera, marisco^ et omnibus aliis siutogcapho, Blounf^ 17,
jpertiaentiiS; reddendo iude annuatim nobis,

3 E firmisionae

394

firmisionse tempus, the venison reason in winter, or doe sea-
son. See Ainsw. Diet, of Law Lat. and Mr. Pegge's Disserta-
tion on the word Fermesoun. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Tempus
Pinguedinis et Firmationis, &c.

SLAPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Hugh Courtenay, esq. son and heir of ^ir Hugh Courtenay,
knight, held the manor of Slapton, in the county of Devon, of the
bishop of Exeter, by the service of being steward at the installation
feast of every bishop of that see. The particulars whereof were,
after «ome controversy, thus ascertained by Walter Stapledon •f-^^-,
then bishop of Exeter, and his dean and chapter, under their seals,
at Newton-Ply mpton, the morrow after the feast of St. Thomas the
Apostle, anno dom. 1308, -2 Edw. H.

That the said Hugh, or his heirs, shall, at the first coming of the
bishop to Exeter, meet him at the east gate of the city, when he
descendeth from his horse, and then, going a little before him on
the right hand, shall keep off the press of the people, and attend
him into the choir of the cathedral church, there to be installed :
and shall, at the installing feast, serve in the- first mess at the
bishop's own table.

In consideration of which service, the said Hugh Courtenay and
his heirs shall have,, for their fee, four silver dishes of those which
he shall so place at the first mess, four salt-sellers, one cup, wherein
the bishop shall drink at that meal, one wine-pot, one spoon, and
two basons, wherein the bishop shall then wash ; all which vessels
nre to be of ^silver : provided the said Hugh, or his 'heirs, being of
full age, do attend this service in person, if D^ot^ lyndei'ed by sick-
ness.

ne^, 9p tbe King's writ,^c. then to appoint some worshipful knight
to supply the place by a deputation, who shall swear that his' lord
i«fe sjck> &c, *

fit He came to the see in 1307, was L/ord Treasurer, and. founder
of Exeter CJollege, Oxford.

eORINGHAM, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In the third year of King Edward I., 1275, Sir William le Baud,
knight, made a signal grant to the dean an,d canons of St. Paul's,
London, of a doe yearly, on the feast of the Conversion of Sts
Paul, and of a fat buck upon the comm^emoration of the same saint,
t© h& offered at the high altar in St. Paul's, by the said Sir William,
smd his household family, and then to be distributed among the
oa»ona resident; which said doe and buck were so given by him, in
lieu af twe»ty-two acres of land, lying within the lordship of West-
Lee, in the countyof Essex, belonging to the said canons* and by
them graated to him and his heirs, to be inclosed within his park of
Coringham. But, about the certain time and formality in offering
the said buck and doe^ there growing afterwards some dispute. Sir
Walter le Baud, knight, son and heir of the said Sir William, by
hk deed, dated on the ides (mh) of Juljr, 30 Edw. I., 1302, for
the health of his sou^, and of his progenitors and heirs, confirmed
bis said father^s grant, and obliged himself and his heirs, his lands
and tenements, that every year for ever, on the day of the Conver-
sion of St. Paul, there should be a good fat doe, brought by one
of his fitting servants, and not the whole family, at the hour of pro-
cessiQUy %nd tlmough the midst thereof, and offered at the high al-

* Antiq. of Exeter. Biount) 34i '

3 £ 2 tair.

396

tar, without exacting any thing for the said service of the deam and
canons. And on the day of the Commemoration of St. Paul, in
summer, (29th June) a fat buck, by some such servant, attended
with as many of the family as had heretofore been usual, and so
carried through the midst of the procession, and offered at the high
altar; the said dean and canons, after the offering thus performed,
giving, by the hands of their chamberlain, one shilling to the persons
bringing the buck for their entertainment. And to this grant were
witnesses. Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon, Sir Richard de la Rokele,
Sir Thomas de Mandevyle, Sir John de Rocheford, knights, with
divers others*.

The reception of which doe and buck was, till Queen Elizabeth's
days, solemnly performed, at the steps of the choir, by the canons
of St. Paul's, attired in their sacred vestments, and wearing gar-
lands of flowers on their heads ; and the horns of the buck carried
on the top of a spear in procession, round about, within the body
of the church, with a great noise of horn-blowers, as the learned
Camden, upon his own view of both, affirms -f-^

DUNELSSHE and TYLEY, COUNTY OF DORSET.

The jurors said, that Alured de Lincoln held a certain parcel of
the park of Dunelsshe and Tyley of the abbot of Cerne, by the ser-
vice of holding his stirrup^ when the abbot was to mount his
horse J.

* Dugdale's Hist, of St. Paul's. Blount, servitium tenendi stropem suum quando abbas

10^. debet ascendere equum suum. Inquis. anno

t Camden in Middlesex. Blount, ]0(). 48 Hen. IH. No. 19. Dorset, post mortem

J Juratares dicunt quod Aluredus de Lin- Aluredi de Lincoln. Communicated by Thos.

coin tenuit quandum perticulam parci de Astle, Esq.

Dunelsshe et Tjley de abbate de Cerne, per

f Stropem,

397

f Stropem. Stirrup. See Esseby, p. 78. From the Norm. Fr.
Strepe. This Alured de Lincoln is mentioned in Dugdale's
Baronage, vol. ii. pp. 412, 413.

WHORLTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

Nicholas de Menyll held the manor of Whorlton, &c. of the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, by serving the said archbishop, on the day
of his consecration, with the cup out of which th^e archbishop was
to drink that day *.

ULPHUS'S LANDS, COUNTY OF YORK

About the time of King Canute the Dane, Ulph, the son of Tho-
rold, a prince of that nation, governed in the western part of Deira,^
that division of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria which wasj
bounded by the river Humber southwards, and to the north by the
Tyne, which continued so distinguished under the Danes, but is
now better known by the name of Yorkshire, and the five other
northern counties of England, " This prince, by reason of a dif? -
" ference like to happen between his eldest son and his youngest,
" about his estate after his death, presently took this course to make
" them equal : without delay he went to York, and taking with him
" the horn, wherein he was wont to drink, he filled it with wine,
" and kneeling upon his knees before the altar, bestowed uponGod
« and the blessed St. Peter, Prince of the Apostles, all his lands >
*' and revenues -j-." The figure of which horn, in memory thereof, "

* Nicholaus de Menyll teniiit manerium de Coupa, qua idem archiepiscopus bibere )

de Whorlton, &c. de archiepiscopo Cantu- debet eodem die. Escaet. 16 Edw. III.

ariensi serviente (serviens vel serviendo. A.) No. 37. Blount, 121.
dictum ajctiepiscopum, die consecvationis su» f Camd. Brit. tit. Yorkshire, West Riding..

398

is cut in stone upon several parts of the choir, but the born itself,
about King Edward VI/s tune, is supposed to have been- sold to a
goldsmith, who took away from it those tippings of gold, wherewith
it was adorned, and the gold chain affixed thereto : it is certain that it
was remaining among many other ornaments, and preserved in the
Sacristy at York, in the time of King Henry VIII., some time be-
fore the Reformation : where it, lay from the time of King Ed-
ward YI. till it fortunately came into the hands of Thomas Lord'
Fairfax, general of the parliament army, there is no account; but
he being a lover of antiquities, took care to preserve, it during the
confusions of the civil wars : and dying in 1671, it came into the
possession of his next relation, Henry Lord Fairfax, who restored
it again to its first repository, where it now remains a noble mo-
nument of modern as well as ancient piety.

As to its present condition, its beauty is not the least impaired
by age, it being of ivory (of an eight-square ^ form) : the carving is
very dutiable, and it is ornamented in the circumference, at the
large]^ extremity, with the figures of two griffins, a lion, unicorn,
dogs, and trees interspersed in bas relief, and where the plates are
fixed, with a foliage after the taste of those times.

Lojrd Fairfax supplied the want of the plates, which anciently
embellished this horn, honoured in all probability with the name
of the donor, (the loss of which original inscription can only be
lamented, not retrieved) and substituted the present one, with the
chain of silver gilt :

CORNV

899

/CORNrHOC^LPHVS, IN OCCIDENTALI PARTE DEIRAE PRINCEPS;

VNA CVM OMNIBVS TERRIS ET REDDITIBVS SVIS,

OLIM DONAVIT :

AMISSVM VEL ABREPTVM,

HENRICVS D' FAIRFAX DEMVM RESTITVIT DEC. ET CAP, DE NOVO

ORNAVIT. AN. DOM. 1675*.

IN ENGLISH :

ITlplius, f*rince of the Western Part of Deira, formerly gave this

Horn, together with all his Lands and Rents :

Being lost or taiken away,

Henry Lord Fairfax at "length restored it to the Dean and Chapter^

*' newly ornamented, A. D. 1675,

CORMSOW, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

Jn the seventh year of the pontifi^jstte of Thomas HatfieM, bishop
of IXurham, 1851, William-o'-the-Rawe held in Cornsow, of the
Ghantery of Saint Mary of Langchester, eight acres of land^ with
the appiirtenaiTces, rendering yearly to the same Chantry one pound

of wax ||§|I 'f-.

}1§|1 tJnam Libram Cere, i. e, Cerae ; wax for lights in churches, &c.
being in great request in Popish times. So in tihe next article
a person is to maintain a lanap in a church. P.

WHICKHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM. ' '

Ralph Clerk held in capite, of the church of Saint Mary, in
Qulcbp.m.9 (me. acre of meadow, with the appurteinances, in

:mw ii—w^^i'i "'■ "«

* ilfdhaeolGrgia, vol. i. p. l€B, tt sfiq. ami. eid'. Cantarise unam libram cere. InquLs^.

t WiHielmns-tf-the^Rawe tenet in Com- post mortem Willielmi-o'-the-Rawe. 7 Hat-
sow, de Cantaria Beatae Mariae de Langcest.' fi^ld,
'^iii acras terrae^ cum pertia'. leddendo per

Qmchajoi}

400

Quicham, to find one lamp burning f in the church aforesaid every
day*.

f Lampadem ardentem. A lamp burning. See the foregoing ar-
ticle. P.

TUNBRIDGE, COUNTY OF KENT.

In the reign of Henry III. an accord was made, by which it was
agreed, that the Earls of Clare and Gloucester should hold Tun-
bridge and its lowy -jf, by the grand serjeanty of being chief butlers
and high stewards at the instalment of the metropolitans, and grant
them wardship of their children. Whenever one of them attended
upon the solemnity of enthronization, he was to receive, for the
service of steward, seven robes of scarlet, thirty gallons of wine,
fifty pounds of wax for the use of his own lights on the feast, the
livery of hay and corn for eighty horses for two nights, and the
dishes and salts which should be placed before the prelate at the
first course of the feast ; and when the nobleman should take his
leave, entertainment for three days, at the expence of the archbishop
and his successors, at their nearest manors by the four quarters of
Kent, wheresoever the peer should make his election, so that he
did not go thither with more than fifty horses : and when the castle
went into the hands of the Stafibrd family, we find that these ser-
vices were retained : but instead of provisions, it was, in the four-
teenth century, both to the De Clares and the Staffords, com-

* Radus Clerk ten', in capite de ecclesia f The term is derived from the Norman

Beatae Maris in Quicham, unamacraprati; cum French, and signifies an exempt jurisdiction

pertiu'. in Quicham, ad inveniend'. unum lam- round the castle, chief mansion, or religious

padem ardentem in ecclesia predicta singulis house, to which it appertained,
diebus. Inquis. pojt mortem Radi Clerk.
•3 Hatfield,

pounded

401

JWMlrided for a sura of money, generally two hundred marks, and the'
silver gilt c«p with which the earl should serve before the arch-
bishop. So late as the reign of Henry Vllf., we find Edward Duke'
of Buckingham executing in person the office of steward at the
enthronization of archbishop Warham, and the butlership by his
deputy. Sir Thomas Bourchier *.

'In an account roll of the archbishops for this manor, in
Henry III/s time, there is this word, work-gavel, which signifies
rent-work, which was of two sorts, the one personal, by the tenant's
person, called manu-opera ; and the other by his carriages, then
termed carr-opera -f-.

FULHAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Some lands in the manor of Fulham, in the county of Middle-
sex, and elsewhere, are held of the bishop of London by bord ser-
vice §|§, and the tenants do now pay sixpence per acre, in lieu of
finding provision for their lord's board or table %.

%%% Borda signifies a cottage with a small parcel of land annexed,
held by the service of finding for the lord poultry, eggs, &c. ior
his board or table. Pennant.

SHOULDHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In 1413, John Shouldham was lord of this manor, and performed,
homage to the prior, in the chapter house of the priory, on Sun-
day before the feast of St. Simon and Jude, in these words : " Her

* Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. % Blount's Law Diet. tit. bord lands. Jac.

p, 1288. Law Diet tit. Bord Service.

•}• Somner, 24. CompL Copyholder, 561. ^

3 P "I become

402

" I become yoman from this tyme forth, and truth shall you bear
" and never armd again you in land of peace, nor of werr, for lands
" and tenements which I clemyd to hold of you by knyghtes sef-
" vice, so help me God and holy Dom */'

ALD ELVET, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the second year of the pontificate of John Fordham, bishop
of Durham, 1382, John de Elvet, of Durham, held in his demesne,
as of fee, four messuages, with the appurtenances, in Aid Elvet,
of the prior of Durham, by fealty, and doing three suits yearly to
the court of the said prior of his barony of Elvet [*], and paying
into the hostillary [-|-] of the said priory five shillings a year -f-.

[*] Elvet is a place adjoining to the city of Durham, from which it
is parted by a bridge over the river Were. It appears by this
record to have been a barony belonging to the priors of Dur-
ham. E.

[•f] Hostillar. The hostillary, or hostellary, was that apartment in a
monastery, where hostes or strangers were received and enter-
tained. P.

NEW ELVET, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

At the same time the said John de Elvet held of the said prior ten
messuages, with the appurtenances, in New Elvet, as of burgage <[[,
and by doing three suits to the court of the borough of Elvet, and

* Blomefield's Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 150. et faciend'. tres sect', per ann. ad cur', dicti

t Johannes de Elvet, de Dunelm. ten' in pr. baroniae de Elvet, et reddendo hostillar'.

dominico, ut de feodo, quatuor mess', cum dicti pro v s. per ann. Inquis. post mortem

pertin'. in Aid Elvit, de pr. Dunelm. per fid'. Johannis de Elvet. 2 Fordham.

paying

403

paying to the said hostillary ye?irly, for laiMlmale]||l|, four shillings
and two-pence*.

f Burgage. §ee note under Durham, p. 391.

|lj:|| Landmale. See note under Durham, p. 391.

HOTHFIELD, COUNTY OF KENT.

' This manor was anciently held of the see of Canterbury, by the
tenure of executing the office of chamberlain to the archbishop on
the day of his enthronization, and for which service the person thus
officiating was entitled to all the furniture of the archbishop's
bed-chamber -f-.

ISLINGTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX

Ralph de Berners, who died in 1297, was seised of the manor
of Yseldon, held under the bishop of London, as of his castle
of Stortford, by a certain quit rent, and the service of warding the
castle %.

THORNHILL, COUNTY OF DORSET.

In the 14th of Richard II. John Thornhull de Hargrave held six
virgates of land here, libere, of the abbot of Sherbprn, paying at
Candlemas, yearly, a halfpenny §.

* Johannes de Elvet ten*, de dicto pr'. dec. f Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viiii

mess, cum pertin'. in Novo Elvet, ut de bur- p. 1189. *

gagio, et faciend'. tres sect', ad cur', burgi de % Esch. 25 Edvv. I. No. 29- Lysons's En-

Elvet, et reddend'. dicto hostillar'. per ann. virons of London, vol. iii. p. 128.
pro landmale, mis. et iid. Inquis. ,post §Sherborn Register. Hutchins's Hist, of

mortem Johajinis.^e Elvet, 2 Fordham. Dorset, vol. ii. p. 245.

3 F 2 RABY,

404

RABY, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

About the 13th of Edward I. 1285, Ralph Nevill, lord of Raby,
held Raby, with the eight adjoining townships, of Hugh de Darling-
ton, then prior of Durham, by the yearly rent of four pounds, and a
stag, to be offered every year in the abbey of Durham, upon St.
Cuthbert's day, September the fourth*.

In the twenty-third year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield,
1367, Sir Ralph de Nevyll, knight, held of the prior of Durham,
the manor of Raby, with the appurtenances, by the service of one
stag, and one hundred shillings a year -j*.

And in the first year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1388,
Sir John de Nevyll, knight, held in capite of the prior of Durham,
the manor of Raby and Stayndrop, with the appurtenances, by the
same services %.

SWINNERTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

This manor was held by the family of Broughton, of the bishop
of Lichfield's manor of Eccleshall, by the third part of a knight's
fee, and other services ; viz.

1st. To find fourteen men at the chace of Padmore, for three
days, thrice every year.

2d. To find two ploughs in winter, and as many in Lent, for two
days each time, to plough the lord's demesne, wherever the lord
pleases in this manor.

* Mr. Allan's notes. Dugdale's Baronage, % Johannes de Nevyll, chiv. ten.' in capite

tit. Neville, where there is a full account of it. de priore Dunelm. manerium de Raby et

f Radus de Nevyll, chiv. ten.' de pr. Dunel. Stayndrop, cum pertin'. per servic'. unius

maner'. de Raby, cum pertin'. per servic'. cervi, et c s. per annum. Inquis. post mortem

unius cervi, et c sol. per annum. Inquis. post Johannis Nevyll, chiv. 1 Skirlaw.

mortem Radi Nevill, chiv. 23 Hatfield. g j rp

3d. To find fourteen men to reap in harvest, or to pay five shil-
lings and nine-pence.

4th. To keep ward at the Castle of Eccleshall, for the space of
.forty days j at his own proper co^ts and charges.

CHARLTON and SWINESHEAD, COUNTY OF

STAFFORD,

Were held by the same tenure.

YORK, CITY OF.

The first of August is said to be called Lammas, quasi Lamb
Mass, because on that day the tenants that held lands of the cathe-
dral church of York, which is dedicated to St. Peter ad Vincula,
were bound by their tenure to bring a live lamb into the church
at high mass on that day *.

BLEBURY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Among the customary services from the tenants in Blebury to
the abbot and convent of Reading; the aforesaid abbot was to have
of them two reap days of every carucate per annum, which are
called beverches^, and with every plough two men each day to
the abbot's dinner •i%

^ Beverches are bed works, or customary services, doue at the
bidding of the lord, by his inferior tenants. Jacob. ^>

— , I ' ' . ' — : _. ' :—

.-1
* Blount's Law Diet, in verho. precarias carracarum per annum, que vQcantut
•|- Inter servitia customaria tenentium in beverches, et cum qualibet carruca duos ho-
Blebury, de domino abbatis et conventus mines qualibet die ad prandium abbatis. Car-
Reading. Pre^ctus abbft&habebit de eis duas tular. Radiiig, MS. f. 223,

CHINGFORD^

406

CHINGFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

There is an estate in this parish, called Brindwood's, held under
the rectory by the following singular tenure : upon every alienation
the owner of the estate, with his wife, man servant, and maid ser-
vant, each single on a horse, come to the parsonage, where the
owner does his homage, and pays his relief, in the following
manner: he blows three blasts with his horn, and carries a hawk
on his fist, his servant has a greyhound in a slip, both for the use of
the rector that day ; he receives a chicken for his hawk, a peck of
oats for his horse, and a loaf of bread for his greyhound. They
all dine ; after which the master blows three blasts with his horn,
and they depart*. Morant says that this estate was (1768) lately
in the possession of Daniel Haddon, of Braxted-f-. In a letter
from the Rev. Francis Haslewood, rector of Ohingford, dated in
November, 1721, to a friend, transmitted by Mr. Bunce, and in-
serted in the Gentleman's Magazine :|:; he says, Mr. Haddon, the
then owner, shewed him proofs of the existence of such a custom
from Queen Elizabeth's time, inclusive, to his time, according to
the subjoined form :

*« Bee it remembred, that the three and twentith day of Octo-
*' ber, in the yeare of our Lord, 1659, came Samuell Haddon, and
*' Mary his wyfe, Edmond Cotster his man servant, and Matthew §
" Walle his maide servant, to the parsonage of Chingford, at the
" comaund of Thomas Wytham, Master of Artes, and rector of
*' the said parsonage. The said Samuell Haddon did his homage
*^' there, and paid his reliefe in maner and forme as hereafter fol-

• Morant'B Hist, of Essex, vol. i. p. 57. % Gent. Mag, 1790, p. 788.

f Ljsons'g Environs of London, vol. iv, p. 137, | Intended for Martha, I suppose. E.

" loweth.

407

*-' loweth, for one tenement at Chingford, that is called Scottes May"<
" hewes, alias Brendwood, which was lately purchased of Daniel
" Thelwell, Esq. First, the said Samuell did blowe three blastes
" with a home, at the said parsonage, and afterward received of
" the said Thomas Wytham, a chicken for his hawke, a peck of
" oates for his horse, a loafe of bread for his greyhound, and after-
'? ward received his dinner for himselfe, and also his wyfe, his
*' man, and his maide. The maner of his cominge to the said par-
" sonage was on horseback, with his hawke on his fist, and his
*' greyhound in his slippe : and after dinner blew three blastes with
" his home at the said parsonage, and then paid twelve-pence of
" lawful! money of England for his relief, and so departed. All
" these seremoneys were donne for the homage and reliefe of the
" said tenement at Chingford-hatch, called Scottes Mayhewes,
" alias Brendwood, as before hath been accustomed to be donne,
*' time out of mind.

** Witnesses to the performance of the seremoneyss aforesaid,

" Ralphe Delle,
" Jo. Hette,
" John Woodward."

HOCKYNDEN, COUNTY OF KENT.

It appears by an Inquisition taken at Hockynden, before the
King's escheator, in the second year of the reign of King Edward I.
that Isabella de Monte Alto, who had been deceased three years,
held in gavelikende, on the day of her death, of the prior of Chiist
Church, in Canterbury, one messuage, and forty-two acres of land,
with the appurtenances, in Hokinden, by the service of 10s, 11 d.
ppr annum, and by the service of ploughing, mowing, and can-ying

tlie

408

the produce of certain lands of the prior to his Grange at Orping-
ton, and other services therein mentioned; and by the making suit
at the court of the prior there, from three weeks to three weeks *.

ACTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Peter, son of Alulph, granted to Geoffry de Lucy, dean of St.
Paul's -j-, his manor at Acton under the Wood, with the garden and
grove adjoining, and twenty acres of arable land, held of the King
by knight's service. The dean granted the said premises, together
with five acres of land, which he had purchased of Walter de
Actune, to the chapter, reserving £5, to be paid annually towards
a chantry which he had founded in St. Paul's cathedral ; viz. five
marks to a priest to pray for his soul, and the souls of the late
bishop of London and his successors ; 20 s. yearly to celebrate his
own obit ; and a mark to celebrate that of Philip de Fauconberg,
archdeacon of Huntingdon. The chapter afterwards leased all
their manor of Acton, with the mansion-house, &c. to the said
Geoffry for his life, rendering annually a wax-light of a pound
weight:!;; and it was ordained that it should be always held of the
chapter by his successors in the deanery §.

BURNHAM DEPEDALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Reinald, or Reginald, abbot, by his deed, without date, but in the
reign of Henry I. granted to Bosceline and Alfnia his wife, the land
of Ulph, inDepedene, (now called Depedale) on this condition, that
they should become the abbot's leige people. Sciatis me dedisse
terram Ulf in Depedene (hodie Depedale) huic Boscehno, et uxori

» Hasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. i, p. 142. J Cart. Antiq. No. 601 . 603.

t From the year 1231 to 1241. § Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i. p. S.

ejus

409

ej«is Alfinse, ita bene sicut homines de Brancestre ilium testificant
verum habuisse, ek conditione q-uod effecti sunt homines lieges.
This shews that lords of manors had ^eir lieges, who were bound
and sworn to pay allegiance to them *.

GLASTONBURY, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In the 33d Edward I. WiUiam Pasturell held twelve oxgangs of
land in Glastonbury, of the abbot thereof, by the service of find-
ing a cook in the kitchen of the said abbot, and a baker in the
bakehouse -f.

WEST-TWYFORD, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Bartholomew de Capella was lord of this manor in 1251 J. Sir
William Paynell swore fealty f for it in 1281 §.

^ Fealty i« the same as fidelitas in Latin ; and when a free tenant
was to do fealty to his lord, he was to hold his right hand upon
a book, and say thus : " Know ye this, my lord, that I will be
" faithful and true unto you, and faith to you will bear for the
" tenements which I claim to hold of you, and that I will law-
" fully do to you the customs and services which I ought to do
" at the terms assigned. So help me God and his saints."' But
he was not to kneel nor make such humble reverence as in
homage ; and fealty might be done before the steward of the
court, but homage could only be done to the lord himself.
(Litt. sect. 91, 92.) Burn.

* Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, fol. edit. J See Records of the Dean and Chapter of

vol. iii. p. 727. St. Paul's, Lib. B. f. 26, 8c Lib. pilos. f. 25.

t CoUinsoa's Hist, of Somersetshire, vol. ii. § Ibid. Lib. pil. f. 17.
p. 261, note.

3 G The

410

The value of this manor, as appears by Esch. 3 Ric. II. No. 54,
was then £, 10 per annum ; this record speaks of it as held of the
dean and chapter of St. Paul's by the render of a red rose on St.
John the Baptist's day*.

CHELSEA, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Robert de Heyle, in 1368, leased the whole of his manor of
Chelchith, except Westbourne and Kingsholt, to the abbot and
convent of Westminster, for the term of his own life, for which
they were to allow him a certain house, within the convent, lately
occupied by Sir John Molyns, for his residence, to pay him the
sum of ^20 per annum, to provide him every day two white loaves,
two llaggons of convent ale, and once a year a robe of esquire's
silk f.

BANBURY, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

The manor of Banbury was held of the bishop of Lincoln, by
the serjeanty of one hundred and forty hens, and one thousand
three hundred eggs %,

STOKE WAKE, COUNTY OF DORSET.

By the Inquisitions of the Wakes and Keynes, 22d & 34th Edw.
III. 20di Edw. IV. and 37th Eliz. they are said to have held this
manor of the abbess and convent of Shaftesbury, by the service of
being stewards of the household, to set the house in order on the
day of the instalment of every abbess §.

* Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iv. p. % Item, de serjantia cxl gallinae et mille et

606, and note. ccc ova. Kennett's Paroch. Antiq. p. 354.

f CI. 41 Edvv.III. m.16. dors. The King's § Seneschallus intrinsecus ad arraiandum

licence for this lease is among the records of domum. Hutchins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. ii.

the dean and chapter of Westminster. Lysons's p. 449.

Environs of London, vol. ii. p. 74. BURY

411

BURY ST. EDMUNUS, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

The offic^ of cellerer f , for the time being, of the monastery of
St. Edmund, in the county of Suffolk, was held of the lord abbot by
(the payment of) certain seams of oats ^*§ in the name of fodyr-
corn-jlf, to be paid yearly at the feast of St. Martin, in winter, for
tenements, and parcels of tenements, lying in several towns *.

f Cellerer. See note on Thurgarton, &c.

§*§ See Summa Avenae, note on Felstede, p. 137.

•j-^f Foder, (poba, Sax. is alimentum,) any kind of meat for horses,
or other cattle. In some places hay and straw mixed together
is accounted fodder. Nee non redditus qui dicuntur hidagiura
et foddercorn in perpetuum abbatibus (de S. Edmundo) de-
signentur. Mon. Angl. tom. I. fol. 291, a. Blount's Law Diet
in V- ', and see Forage.

EAST CRANMORE, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In Cart. 41 Hen. III. m. 5, there is extant a curious deed, printed
in Upton de Studio Militari, 1654, wherein one Henry de Fern-
bureg engages, for the sum of thirty marks sterling, to be always
ready to fight as the abbot of Glastonbury's champion, in defence
of the right which he had in the manors of Cranmore and Puckle-
church, against the bishop of Bath and Wells; the dean of Wells,
and all other his champions whatsoever; dat. Lond. 28 die Apr*
42 Hen. HI. f

.OV—l '

* ^ ■" norand. Quod cellerarius Mon. St. parcell'. tenementorutn in diversis villis ja-

EdmVindi, qui pro tempore fuit tenetur di'cto centibus. Inquis. ca:pta 46 R. Edw. lU.

domini abbati in certis summis avense nomine Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4626.

fodyrcorn, solvend. annuatim ad festum Sancti f CoUinson's Hist, of Somersetshire, vol. ij.

Martini, in hyeme, pro certis tenemeutis et p, 208.

3 G 2 GARGAWALL,

412

GARGAWALL, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Walter, bishop of Exeter, holds the manor of Gargawall of the
gift of Roger de Valetor, (or Vautor) which is held of the prior of
Bodmin in free socage, (to wit) by rendering two oxen yearly^

SECT. IV

Of Lands held of Temporal Lords hy Services of the
nature of Grand and Petit Serjeanty, S^c.

LASTRES, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

John de la Hay took of William Barnaby, Lord of Lastres, in
the county of Hereford, one parcel of land of the demesne lands,
rendering therefore twenty-pence a-year, and one goose ^, fit for
the lord's dinner, on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, suit of
court, and other services the'reupon due, &c. -f

^ Unam aucam habilem pro prandio, &c. A goose fit for the lord's
dinner on Michaelmas Day. Blount. Aucam, from the Norm.
Fr. Ave, or the French Oie, a goose. See Kelham's Norm. Fr.

* Walterus, episcopus Exon*. habet mane- unum parcellum terras de terris dominical ib us.

rium de Gargawal de dono Rogeri de Valla Reddend. inde per annum xx dq et unam

Torta, et tenet', de priore de Bodm'. in libero aucam habilem pro prandio domin.^^ festo

socagio, scilicet, redd', duos boves per annum. Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, sectam curiae et

Rotuli Hundredorum, vol.i. p.56. alia servitia inde debita, &c. Rot. Cur. 10

t Johannes de la Hay cepit de Will. Edw. IV. Blount, 8.
Barnaby, domino de Lastres in com. Heref.

Diet.

41S

Diet. But quaere, whenee arose the custom still common in
Yorkshire, and elsewhere, of having a goose for dinner on
Michaelmas Day? Blount, in his Glossographia, says, that
" in Lancashire, the husbandmen claim it as a due to have
a goose intentos on the sixteenth Sunday after Pentecost ;
which custom took origin from the last word of the old church-
prayer of that day. Tua nos qusesimus, domine, gratia semper
prseveniat et sequatur; ac bonis operibus jugiter prsestet esse
intentos. And that the common people mistake it for a goose
with ten toes." But besides that the sixteenth Sunday after
Pentecost, or after Trinity rather, being moveable, and seldom
falling upon Michaelmas Day, which is an immoveable feast,
the service for that day could very rarely be used at Mi-
chaelmas, there does not appear to be the most distant allu-
sion to a goose in the words of that prayer. E. Probably no
other reason can be given for this custom, but that Michaelmas
Day was a great festival, and geese at that time in highest season.
In Denmark, where the harvest is later, every family has a
roasted goose for supper on St. Martin's Eve. Molesworth's
Account of Denmark, p. 10. P. [*]»
[*] There is a bird nearly as large as a goose, called an auk, the
alca of Linnaeus, which was allowed at one time to be eaten
in Lent. W.

ASTLEY, &c. COUNTY OF WARWICK.

The manors of Astley, Wedington, Hill-Morton, Milverton, and
Merston Jabet, were antiently held by Philip de Astley, of WilUara
Earl of Waro^ick, by the service of holding the earl's stirrup, when
he should get up, or alight from his horse *.

* Cartular. Warwici Com. Blount, 11,

TONGE,

414

TONGE, COUNTY OF SALOP

Roger la Zouch, being lord of the manor of Tonge, in the
county of Salop, did by a fair deed in King Henry III/s time,
grant to Henry de Hugefort, and his heirs, certain messuages and
lands lying in Norton and Shaw, in the parish of Tonge, with
liberty of fishing in the waters, pawnage for hogs, and liberty to
get nuts for certain days in the woods of the said manor, and that
they shouhJ have every liberty and free common in woods, in plains,
in ways, in paths, in waters, in mills, in heaths, in turbaries, in
quarries, in fisheries, in marie pits, and in all other places and
easements belonging to the said manor of Tonge. And that they
might take marie at their pleasure to marie their land, rendering
therefore yearly, to him and his heirs, one chaplet of roses, on the
day of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, if they should be in the
town of Tonge, and if not, then to put it upon the image of the
blessed Mary in the church of Tonge, for all services *.

In vol. Lxx of the Gent. Mag. p. 934, a correspondent enquires for
the origin of the singular custom annually observed here, of
placing a garland of flowers round the effigies of an antient
monument to the memory of a Vernon, (see the tenure referred
to, p. 41C). In another volume, it is said, the Fosters, the

* Sciant, &c. quod ego Rogerus la Zouche suam marlend. reddendo inde annuatim mihi

dedi, 8tc. Henrico de Hugefort et ha;redibus et haeredibus meis unum capellum rosarum,

suis, &,c. et quod habeantomnem libertatem et die Nativitatis Sanct. Johannis Baptiste, si in

liberam communiain,in boscis, in planis, in viis, villa de Tonge fuerimus, si non, ponatur

in seniitis, in aquis, ifl molendinis, in bruariis, in super imaginem Beatse Mariae in Ecclesia de

turbarijs, in quareriis, in piscariis, in niarleriis, Tonge, pro omnibus servitiis. Ex ipso auto-

et in omnibus aliis locis et aisianientis ad grapho sin edat. penes Gul. Dugdale, Ann.

praadictum manerium spectantibus. Et quod Blount, 12. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Marle-

capiant marlam pro voluutat^ sua ad terrain riuin.

owners

415

o« owners of the said land, every year put the said ehaplet about
the work of the statue of the man lying upon this monu-
ment*.

RODELEY, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Certain tenants of the manor of Rodeley in the county of Glou-
cester, do pay to this day, to the lord thereof, a rent called Prid-
gavel ||§||, in duty and acknowledgment to him, for their liberty and
privilege of fishing for lampreys in the river Severn -f.

|1§11 Pridgavel. Prid for brevity, being the latter syllable of 1am-
prid (as this fish was antiently called) and gavel, a rent or tribute.
Blount.

HILDSLEY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

At this court, John Rede made fine with the lord for his teme-
ment, by the service of eight shillings and one Bederip J§J in
autumn J. < -b-

'^^'l Bederip, One day's work in harvest. Blount. From bede, a
prayer, and rip, reap, the same as what is now called a boon-
day 's-work. E.

STAMFORD, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

William, Earl Warren, lord of this town in the time of King
John, standing upon the castle walls, saw two bulls fighting for a

* Gent. Mag. vol. Ixxi. pp. 715, 716. fineni cum domino pro tenemento suo ■

*}• Taylor's Hist, of Gavelkind, fo. 112. per servitium octo solidornm et unius Bederip

Blount, 18. in autumno. Rot. Curiae maner. de Hildeslegh,

I Ad istam curiam Johannes Rede fecit in com. Berks, 12 Ric. II. Blount, IQ.

COW

416

cow in the Castie Meadow, till all the butchers dogs pursued one
of the bulls (madded with noise and multitude) clean through the
town. This sight so pleased the earl, that he gave the Castle
Meadows, where the bulls duel began, for a common, to the
butchers of the town, after the first grass was mowed, on condi-
tion that they should find a mad bull, the day six weeks before
Christmas-Day, for the continuance of that sport for ever *.

It is very observable, that here they have the custom, which
Littleton, the famous common-lawyer, calls Borough-English, i. e.
the younger sons inherit what lands or tenements their fathers die
possessed of, Avithin this manor -f-.

HODNET, COUNTY OF SALOP.

This town was formerly inhabited by a family of that name, from
whom, by the Ludlowes, it came by inheritance to the Vernons. It
was antiently held of the honor of Montgomery, by the service of
being seneschall, or steward of the same honor J.

CUCKWOLD, COUNTY OF YORK.

Sir Thomas Colevyle, knight, holds the manor of Cuckwold, in
the county of York, of Thomas, late Lord of Mowbray, as of his
manor of Threke, (Thirske) rendering one target or shield ^,
with the arms of the said lord painted thereon, yearly, at Whitsun-
tide §.

* Butcher's Survey of Stamford, p. 40. domiuo de Mowbray, ut de manerio suo de

Blount, 19. Threke, reddendo unum terguoi, sive scutum,

f Camd. Brit. tit. Lincolnshire. cum armis dicti domiiii depictis, annuatim, die

± Inquis. 10 Edw. II. Blount, 23. Pentecostes. Escaet. 6 Hen. IV". nu. 43.

I Thomas Colevyle, miles, tenet manerium Blount, 92.
de Cukwold, in com. Ebor. de Thoma nuper

The

41T

^ The target*, or buckler -j-, was carried by the heavy armed foot; it
answered to the scutum pf the Romans ; its form was sometimes
that of a rectangular parallelogram, but more commonly had
its bottom rounded off ; it was generally convex, being curved
in its breadth. Targets were mostly made of wood, covered
with many folds of bull's hide or jacked leather J, and occa-
sionally with plates of brass or iron; the extremities were
always bound with metal, and frequently, from the centre of
the front, projected a boss or umbo armed with a spike. On the
inside were two handles. Men of family usually had their
armorial bearings painted on their targets. After the invention of
fire-arms, instead of the spike the centre of some targets were
armed with one or more small gun-barrels, a grate or aperture
being left in the target for the convenience of taking aim ;
several of these are mentioned in Mr. Brander's manuscript §;
one is still shewn in the Spanish armory, in the Tower of
London.

The shields or targets were of different sizes ; those of the antients
were so large as to cover almost the whole body, so that when a
centinel had set the case of his shield on the ground ||, he could
rest his head on the upper margin. They were also large

* From tergum, a hide. playne without gonnes, 7 ; targett with xx

•f- Junius derives the word Buclerj from the litle gonnes ; oone target w. four gonnes ;

German Beucheler, or Bocken-leer, i. e. the oone, a long tergett w. oone gonne ; oone, a

slcin of a goat. target of the shell of a tortys ; oone, in the

J By the laws of Ethelstan, any shield- Tower,
maker covering a shield with sheep skins, for- || An iron spike was fixed to the bottom of

feited thirty shillings; a prodigious fine in the antient shields, for the purpose of fixing

those days. See the Saxon laws. them in the ground ; these spikes were also

§ Targetts steilde w. gonnes, 35 ; targetts useful in battle.

3 H enough

418

enough to convey the dead, or those dangerously wounded,
from the field, as is evident from the well-known exhortation of
the Lacedemonian women to their sons and husbands, " Bring
this back, or come back upon it;" a circumstance that also
marks the ignominy attending the loss of a shield. This was
common to all nations; and at the close of the fourteenth
century, a knight, yvho had lost his shield, was said to want his
coat armour, and could not sit at the table with the other
knights until he had, by some honourable exploit, or feat of arms
against the enemy, obliterated that disgrace ; if, before this
was achieved, he should attempt to place himself among them,
it was the duty of the herald to tear his mantle ; an example of
this is mentioned in the note below *. Grose's MiUt. Antiq. vol.
ii. pp. 255, 256, where see a figure of a curious shield, plate
XLVIII. fig. 2-

MICHELHAM, COUNTY OF .

Ralph de Belvoir holds two carucates of land in Michelham, of
Roger de Mowbray, rendering yearly certain hose of scarlet at
Christmas, for all services -j^

CASTLE BAYNARD, in the CITY of LONDON.

The rights that belonged to Robert fitz Water, chastilian and
banner-bearer of London, lord of Wodeham, were these :

* Hujusque ritus prseclarum habetur ex- mensae Regis carens insiguie armorum, in-

emplum apud Willelmum Hedam in Fredrico nuentem insignia ipsius Willelmi apud Frisos

episcopo Ultrajectensi, sub. ann. 1395; orientales amissa. Du Cange.
quippe narrat comiti Ostrevandia; Willelmo, f Radulfus de Belvoir tenet dyas carucatas

mensa; Regis Francorum assidenti cum aliis terra; in Michleham, de Rogero de Mowbray,

principibus, fecialem quern Heraldam vocant, reddendo annuatim quasdam caligas de scar-

lacerasse mantile sibi autepositum, objici- leto at Natale domini, pro omnibus servitiis.

eiitem indignum fore quod aliquis interesset Ex Carta antiqua. Blount, 121.

The

419

The said Robert and his heirs ought to be and are chief ban-
ners of London, in fee for the chastiliary, which he and his an-
cestors had by Castle Baynard, in the said city. In time of war
the said Robert and his heirs ought tp serve the city in manner
as followeth ; that k,

The said Robert ought to come, he being the twentieth man of
arms on horseback, covered with cloth or armour, unto the great
west door of St. Paul, with his banner displayed before him of his
arms. And when he is come to the said door, mounted and appa-
relled, as before is said, the mayor, with his aldermen and sheriffs,
armed in their arms, shall come out of the said church of St.
Paul unto the said door, with a banner in his hand, all on foot ;
which banner shall be gules, the image of St. Paul, gold ; the face,
hands, feet, and sword, of silver ; and as soon as the said Robert
shall see the mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs come on foot out of
the church, armed with such a banner, he shall alight from his
horse, and salute the mayor, and say to him, " sir mayor, I ana
come to do my service which I owe to the city."

And the mayor and aldermen shall answer,

« We give to you, as to our banneret of fee in this city, the
banner of this city to bear and govern, to the honour and profit of
this city, to your power."

, And the said Robert and his heirs shall receive the banner in his
hands, and go on foot out of the gate, with the banner in hi§f
hands ; and the mayor, aldermen, and sheriffs shall follow to the
door, and shall bring an horse to the said Robert, worth twenty

3 H 2 pounds ;

420

pounds ; which horse shall be saddled with a saddle of the arms
of the said Robert, and shall be covered with sindals l|f [j of the
said arms.

Also they shall present to him twenty pounds sterling, and deliver
it to the chamberlain of the said Robert, for his expences that day.
Then the said Robert shall mount upon the horse which the mayor
presented to him, with the banner in his hand ; and, as soon as
he is up, he shall say to the mayor, that he must cause a marshal
to be chosen for the host, one of the city ; which being done, the
said Robert shall command the mayor and burgesses of the city
to warn the commons to assemble, and all go under the banner of
St. Paul ; and the said Robert shall bear it himself to Aldgate, and
there the said Robert and mayor shall deliver the said banner of
St. Paul to whom they think proper. And if they are to go out of
the city, then the said Robert ought to choose two out of every
ward, the most sage persons, to look to the keeping of the city
after they are gone out. And this counsel shall be taken in the
priory of the Trinity near Aldgate. And before every town or
castle which the host of London shall besiege, if the siege con-
tinue a whole year, the said Robert shall have for every siege,
of the commonalty of London, one hundred shillings, and no
more.

These were the rights that Robert fitz Water had in time of war:
the rights that belonged to him and his heirs in the city of London,
in time of peace, were as follow :

That is to say, the said Robert fitz Water had a soke f or ward

421

m the city,' where was a wall of the canonry of St. Paul, which led
down by a brewhouse §§ of St. Paul to the Thames, and so to the
side of the mill which was in the water coming down from Fleet-
bridge, and went by London-wall betwixt the Friars preachers and
Ludgate, and so returned by the house of the said friars to the said
wall of the canonry of St. Paul; that is, all the parish of St. An-
drew, which was in the gift of his ancestors by the said seniority ;
and so the said Robert had appendant unto the said soke, all the
things under-written.

That he ought to have a sokeman, and to place what sokeman he
will, so he be of the sokemanry, or the same ward : and if any of
the sokemanry be impleaded in the Guildhall of any thing that
toucheth not the body of the mayor that for the time is, or that
toucheth the body of no sheriiff, it is not lawful for the sokeman
of the sokemanry of the said Robert fitz Water to demand a cOurt
of the said Robert ; and the mayor and his citizens of London
ought to grant him to have a court; and in his court he ought
to bring his judgments, as it is assented and agreed upon in the
Guildhall, that shall be given him.

If any therefore be taken in this sokemanry, he ought to have his
stocks and imprisonment in his soken ; and he shall be brought from
thence to the Guildhall before the mayor, and there they shall pro-
vide him his judgment that ought to be given of him ; but his judg-
ment shall not be published till he come into the court of the said
Robert, and in his liberty.

And the judgment shall be such, that if he have deserved death
by treason, he to be tied to a post in the Thames at a good

wharf,

42-2

wharf, where boats are fastened, two ebbings and two flowings of
the water.

And if he be condemned for a common thief :J:J, he ought to be
led to the elms [j.], and there suffer his judgment as other thieves.
And so the said Robert and his heirs hath honour, that he holdeth
a great franchise within the city, that the mayor of the city and
citizens are bound to do him of right ; that is to say, that when the
mayor will hold a great council, he ought to call the said Robert
and his heirs to be with him in council of the city ; and the said
Robert ought to be sworn to be of council with the city against all
people, saving the King and his heirs. And when the said Robert
coraeth to the hustings of the Guildhall of the city, the mayor, or
his lieutenant, ought to rise against him, and set him down near
unto him ; and, so long as he is in the Guildhall, all the judgments
ought to be given by his mouth, according to the record of the
recorders of the said Guildhall : and so many waifes as come so
lonor as he is there, he ouffht to give them to the bailiffs of the

O ■'DO

town, or to whom he will, by the council of the mayor of this city*.

N. B. The

* Servitia et libertates Roberti fitz Walter, son destrer covert, montant soi vintisme de»

de Castro Baynardi, in London. Ces sont hommeSj as armes, as chevaulx coverts de

les droiets que appendent a Robert fitz Wauter teyle ou de fer tanq ; al graund hiiis de mynstre

Chastellein de Loundres, Seigneur de Wode- de S. Pol, ove sa banere desploye devant luy,

ham, en la eitee de Loundres : cestascavoir de ses armes. Et quant il est venuz a grand

que le dit Robert et ces heirs deivent estre et huis du mynstier avantdit. mountez et appa-

sont chief banoyers de Londres, de fee^ pour raillez, sicome il est avantdit, si doit le mair

la dicte chastelrie, queces, auncestres et luy de Loundres venir, ove touz ses viscountz et

ont du Chastel Baynard en la dicte citee. En ses audermans, armes de leur armes hors du

temps de guerre doit le diet Robert et ces mynstier de S. Pol, taunq ; au dit huis, ove

heirs servir la ville en la manere de souz son banere en sa main, tout a pee : et serra

escript. Que le diet Robert doit venir sus la banere vermaile ove un ymage de S. Pol,

d'or,

42S

^. B. The castle, called Baynard's Castle, was built by Baynard,
a noble Norman, who came in with the Conqueror, and died

d'or, ove les piez et ies mains, et la teste
^'argent, od im espeie d'argent en la main le
diet ymage. Et si tost come le diet Robert
vena, le meire, et ses vicoHHts, et ses auder-
mans venir au pee faors del dit mynstre ormez
pve cete banere; si descendera le dit Robert
ou ces 4ieii:s, que ceo servise deivent a la dite
citee de son chival, et saluera le meire come
son compaignon et son pier, ct lay dirra.
Sire mair«, ico su veirar pour faire mon ser-
vice que jeo dei a la cittee. Et le maire, les
viscounts, ct les audermans divront: nous
vous baiUons ici come a nostre ban^ de fee,
de ceste ville, ceste banere de ceste ville a
porter et governer al honour et a profit de
nostre citee a vostre poer. Et le dit Robert
«t ses heirs resceveront ia banere en sa main.
Et la maire de la dicte citee et les viscounts
le suiveront al huis, et menercont tm chival
an dit Robert pris de ^xx. Et serra le chival
enselle d'un selle d'armes iedit Robert et co-
vert de cendal de mesme les armes ^ et pren-
dront £xx d'esterling, et les baudront al
chamberleyn le dit Robert pour ses depensees
de eel jour. Et le dit Robert montera le
cheval, qui le diet maire li ad presente, ouve
tute le banere en sa main. Et si toste come
il est monlee, il. dirra au maire q'il face eslier
un mareschal maintenant, de ost de la citee
de Londres. Et si tost come le mareschal
est esleuz, le dit Robert serra commander au
maire et a ses burgeis de la ville que facent
soner le sein communal de la dit citee; et
irront tute le commune suiz la banere S, Pol,
mesmes seli Robert postera en sa main de-
mesme tanque a Algate enavansa porter a qui
le dit Robert et le maire se assentent. Si

issint soit q'il deivent issue fuire hors de la
ville si doit donques le dit Robert, de che-
chune garde de la ville, esiier deux des plus
sages pour pourveier, coment la ville poet
mielux estre garde derere eux. Et ceo coun-
sel serra pris en la priorie de la Trinite, id est
juxta Aldgate, Et devant chcscun ville on
chastel que I'ost de Loundres assege sil de-
morast un an entour le siege, si deit le dit
Robert avoir pqur chescun siege de la com-
mune de Ijoandres cent seuz pour son travail,
et nient plus. Ces sont les drocctures que le
diet Robert avera en Loundres en temps de
guerre.

Ces sont les droectures q'appendent a Ro-
bert le fitz Walter, et a ces heirs en Loundres,
en temps de pees. Cestascavoir, que le diet
Robert ad un sokne et le citee de Loundres ;
cestascavoir du mure de la chanoniare de S.
Pol, si come home va aval la rue devant le
bracine de S. Pol, tanque a Thamise ; et issent
tanque a cost llu molin q'est en I'eaw queVint
avale del pount de Flete, et vu issi sus par les
murs de Loundres tout entour les freres pre-
chours, tanque a Ludgate : et issint retourne
jus arere par le meisan de ses ditz freres, tanq.
a la dit cornere de mure de la dite chanoinerie
de S. Pol, cestascavoir tout la paroche del
esglise de S. Andrew, q' est en le donesein de
ces auncestres par la dit seigneurie. Si ad le
dit Robert appendant a cele sokne, toutz
cestes choses desus escritts; q'il doit avoir
sokman^ et mettre qui q'il voudra sokman mel
q'il soit de la sokmanrie. Et si nul de la
sokmanrie soit implede en la gihalle de nul
chose, que ne touche le corps le meire, qui
que soit pour le temps ; ou qui touch le coi ps

424

in the reign of William Rufus : he was succeeded by Greoffry
Baynard, and he by William Baynard, in the year 1111, who
forfeited his estate for felony ; on which King Henry I. gave it
to Robert, son of Richard, son of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of
Pembroke, and his heirs. This Robert died in 1134, and was
succeeded by Walter, his son, who died in the year 1198, and
was succeeded by his son, Robert fitz Walter, a valiant knight,
whose daughter Matilda King John was passionately fond of,
but she, refusing his addresses, was poisoned, and her father
banished, but afterwards restored to the King's favour. This
Robert died in 1234, and was succeeded by Walter, his son,
and he by Robert, his son, who in the year 1303, before John
Blondon or Blount, mayor of London, acknowledged his ser-
vice to the city, and sware upon the Evangelists, that he would

de nul viscounte de la dicte ville, list a soknian
de sokmaneri le dit Robert le fitz Water, a
demauader la court le dit Robert fitz Waulter.
Et le iiieire et le citizens de Louiidres le dei-
vent gramiter d'aver sa court ; et en sa court
doit son juggement perter ainsi come il est
assentu en la guihalle que done li serra. Si
nul laron soit pris en san sokne, il doit aver
son cep, et son prisonment en son sokne ; et
serra illucq. menez tanq. a la gilialle devant le
meire, et la paurveiront son juggement qui le
deit ester donee mes son juggement ne serra
mie puplic tanq. il veigne en court le dit Ro-
bert, et en sa franchise. Et serra la jugge-
ment tiel s'il ad tnort deservi pur traison, q'il
soit lie au piler que estret en Tliamaise al
wode warfe, la ou home attache les niefes,
deux montes et deux recreces del eawe. Et
s'il soit dampne pur common larcin, il deit
estr* menee as homeaus (id est helmes) et
sufi'rir la son juggement come autres communs
iarouns. Et si ad le dit Robert et ses heires

an grand honeur, q'il tient a un grant fran-
chise en la dit citee : que le maire de la citee
et les citizens de mesme la ville, li deivent
faire de droit ; cestascavoir, que quant le
maire voet tenir un grand conseil, il doit
appeller le dit Robert ou ses heires, per
estre a son conseil, et a conseil de la
ville. Et deit le dit Robert estre jurez du
counseil de ville countra toutz gentz, save le
Roy d'Engleterre et ses heires. Et quant le
dit Robert vint a hustings en la gihalle de la
citee, si deit le meire, ou son lieutenant lever
countre li, et le mette pres de luy. Et taunt
come il est en la dite gihalle si deivent tous
les juggements oste donez par my sa bouche
sclone le record des recordours de la gihalle.
Et totz les weyfes qui veignot tanque il y soit,
il les doit doner as bailiffs de la ville ou a qui
il voudra per le counseil le maire de la dite
citee. Ex antiq. MS. penes Gul. Dugdale,
Mil. Blount, 112.

425

be true to the liberties thereof, «&c. Stowe's Survey of London,
p. 56, edit. 1633. This Robert, who died in the year 1305, is
the same Robert above-mentioned. E.

ilfll Sindal. From the Italian zendalo, very thin silk. Skinner's
Etym. Gen. E. A foot-cloth, sumpter-cloth, or housing. A,
See Archaeolog. vol. v. p. 214. E.

f Soke, Sokeman, Sokemanry. Soke, or soc, signifies a franchise
or liberty, to which a court for the administration of justice was
incidentally annexed. Sokeman was a person who held land by
socage tenure, and was a suitor of such court ; and sokemanry
seems to mean the district of the soke. See Blackstone's Com-
ment, lib. ii. cap. 6. Blount's Law Diet. sub. voc. Soc. &c.

§§ Bracine. A brewhouse. Blount. From the Latin bracina. E.

XX Larcin. A thief. From the French, larcin, theft, robbery. E.

£J] Elms. These elms stood near Smithfield, and were the place of
execution before Tyburn had that office. Blount.

DYLEW, OR DYLWIN, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Adam de Dyleu holds in Dilew, in the county of Hereford, two

yard-lands and a half, rendering therefore yearly to William Fitz

Warin three shillings in silver, and finding in the time of war, for

the said William, every year for fifteen days, one man with a horse

and a prick<([, one iron helmet §|.§, and one lance, at the cost of the

said William : and if his horse should die or be killed in the service

of the aforesaid William, the said William was to give him twenty

shillings for that horse *.

f Compuncto.

* Adam de Dyleu tenet in Dylew, in reddendo inde annuatim Willielmo Filio
com. Heref. duas virgatas et dimid. terree, Warini tres solidos argenti, et invehiendo

3 I tempore

426

f Cumpuncto. See notes under Kinwaldmersh, p. 132. This has
nothing to do with a prick, but means a wambais, lorica ; for I
take compunctum to be the same as perpunctum. P.

^-|.§ Capello ferreo. A scull cap or helmet, vide pp. 92, 95, and
297. Called capella, p. 122, and capellum, p. 152; and see
Watts's notes to M. Paris, p. 53. P.

BRODGATE PARK, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

This is the agreement made at Leycester, on the day of St.
Vincent the martyr (22d January), in the thirty-first year of
the reign of King Henry (III.) son of King John (1246), before
Sir Roger de Turkilby, Master Simon de Walton, Sir Gilbert de
Preston, and Sir John de Cobham, justices in eyre there, between
Roger de Quincey, Earl of Winchester, and Roger de Somery,
that is to say, that the aforesaid Roger de Somery hath granted
for him and his heirs, that the aforesaid earl and his heirs may
have and hold his park of Bradgate, so inclosed as it was on the
octaves of St. Hilary (20th January), in the thirty-first year of the
aforesaid King Henry, with the deer leaps f then made in the same.
And for this agreement and grant, the said earl hath granted for
him and his heirs, that the same Roger de Somery and his heirs
may come at any hour into the forest of the said earl to hunt§-f-§ in
it with nine bows, and six hounds X^X, according to the form of the
indenture before made between the aforesaid Roger, Earl of Win-
chester, and Hugh D'Albeny, Earl of Arundel, in the court of our

tempore guerrae dicto Willielmo singulis an- lielmi. Et si equus ejus moreretur vel esset

nis, per quindecira dies unum hominem cum interfectus in servitio praedicti Willielmi, idem

uno equo, et uno compuncto, et uno capello Willielmus daret ei xx s. pro equo ipso,

ferreo, ut ima lancea, ad custum dicti Wil- Carta 34 £dw. III. Blount; 125.

lord

427

lord the king at Leycester: and, if any wild beast, wounded
by any of the aforesaid bows, shall enter the said park by
any deer leap^, or elsewhere, it shall be lawful to the afore-
said Roger de Somery and his heirs, to send one or two of his
men, who followed the aforesaid wild beast, with the dogs fol-
lowing the same, within the aforesaid park, without bow and
arrows, and they may take the same that day on which it was
wounded, without hurting the other wild beasts in the aforesaid
park : so that, if they are footmen, they enter by any leap % or
hay mil ; and if they are horsemen, they enter by the gate, if it shall
be open, and otherwise, they are not to enter before they have
sounded a horn for the parker, if he will come. And moreover,
the said earl hath granted for him and his heirs, that they for the
future, every year, will cause to be taken two bucks in the buck
season [*], and two does in the doe season [*], and cause them to
be delivered at the gate of the aforesaid park, to any man of the
aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs, bringing their letters pa-
tent for the said deer. Also the aforesaid earl hath granted for him
and his heirs, that they, for the future, will make no park, nor
enlarge the park, within the bounds of the hunting ground [-f] of
the said Roger and his heirs, except the ancient inclosure of the
aforesaid forest. And the aforesaid Roger de Somery hath granted
for him and his heirs, that they in future will never enter the afore-
said forest to hunt §f§, but with nine bows and six hounds t^X, and
that his foresters shall not carry in the wood of the aforesaid Roger
de Somery and his heirs, any barbed, but piled arrows -j^f. And
that his men of Barwe, and his foresters, shall, within the octaves of
St. Michael, at the ford of the park, make oath (fidelitatem facient) to
the bailiffs of the aforesaid earl and his heirs, that they will faith-
fully keep the venison of the aforesaid earl and his heirs, and the

3 I 2 other

428

other things which belong to the said forest, according to the pur-
port of the said indenture before made, between the said Earls of
Winchester and Arundel. And this ao-reement was made between
the aforesaid earl and the aforesaid Roger de Somery, saving to the
same earl and his heirs, and to the aforesaid Roger de Somery and
his heirs, all the articles contained in the aforesaid indenture, made
between the aforesaid Earls of Winchester and Arundel. And
moreover, the same earl hath granted for him and his heirs, that
one or two of the men of the said Roger de Somery and his heirs,
who shall follow the aforesaid wounded wild beast, and the dogs
which follow it, into the aforesaid park, together with the said wild
beast, if they take it, and if not, with the said dogs shall freely go
out of the said park, through the gate, and without hindrance. And
the aforesaid earl and his heirs shall cause it to be made known by
some of his people, to the aforesaid Roger de Somery and his heirs
at Barwe, on what day he shall send for the abovesaid deer, at the
aforesaid place, on the times aforesaid ; and this shall be made
known six days before the afoi'esaid day. In witness whereof either
party to the other hath fixed his seal to this writing. And be
it known that the buck season here is computed between the
feast of St. Peter ad Vincula (1st August) and the Exaltation of the
Holy Cross (14th September), and the doe season, between the
feast of St. Martin (11th November) and the Purification of the blessed
Mary (2d February) *.

^ Saltatoriis,

* Haec est concordia facta apud Leyces- Domino Johanne de Cobham, justiciariis
triam die Sancti Vincentii maitjris, anno legni tunc ibidem itinerantibus ; inter Rogerum de
EegisHenricifilii Regis Johannis XXXI. coram Quincy comitem Wintonias, et Rogerum
Domino RogerodeTurkilby, Magistro Simone Somery. viz. quod prasdictusRogerusde Somery
de Walton, Domino Gilberto de Preston, et concessit pro se et haeredibus suis, quod prae-

dictus

429

^ Saltatoriis, Saltatorium. Deer leaps. Blount.

If^ Ad bersandum. To chace. Blount. Or shoot. Gloss, ad M.
Paris. P.

M Sex

dictiis comes et heredes sui habeant et teneant
parcum suum de Bradgate, ita inclausum si-
cut inclusus fuit in octabis Sancti Hilarii, anno
praedicti Regis Henrici xxxi. cum saltatoriis
tunc in eo factis. Et pro hac concordia et
concessione idem comes concessit pro se et
haeredibus suis quod idem Rogerus de Somery,
et haeredes sui quacunque bora veniant in fo-
resta ipsius comitis ad bersandum in ea cum
novem arcubus, et sex berseletis, secundum
formam cyrographi prius facti, inter praedic-
tum Rogerum comitem Wintoniae, etHugonem
de Albaniaco comitem Arundeliae, in curia
domini Regis apud Leycestriam : et si aliqua
fera, per aliquem praedictorum arcuum vul-
nerata, intraverit prsedictum parcum per ali-
quem saltatorium, vel alibi, bene licebit prae-
dicto Rogero de Somery et hseredibus suis
mittere unum hominem vel duos ex suis, qui
sequentur prsedictam feram, cum canibus
illam feram sequentibus, infra prsedictum
parcum, sine arcu et sagiltis, et illam capiant
eo die quo vulnerata fuerit, sine laesione aliarum
ferarum in praedicto parco existeniium : ita,
quod si sint pedites intrabunt per aliquem salta-
torium vel hayam, et si sunt equites intrabunt
per portam, si aperta fuerit, et aliter non intrar
bunt, antequam cornabunt pro parcario, si venire
voluerit. Et praeterea idem comes concessit pro
se et haeredibus suis, quod ipsidecaeteroquolibet
anno capi facient, duos damos tempore pin-
guedinis, et duas damas tempore firmationis,
et eas liberari facient ad portam praedicti
parci alicui hominum praedicti Rogeri de
Somery et haeredum suorum, literas patentes

ipsorum deferent! pro praedictis damis. Con-
cessit etiam praedictus comes pro se et haere-
dibus suis, quod ipsi de caetero nullum parcum
facient, nee parcum augmentabunt infra metas
bersationis predicti Rogeri et haeredum suo-
rum, praeter antiqua clausa praedictas forestas.
Et prxdictus Rogerus de Somery concessit
pro se et haeredibus suis, quod ipsi de caetero
nunquam intrabunt praedictam forestam ad
bersandum, nisi cum novem arcubus, et sex
berseletis, et quod forestarii sui non porta-
bunt in bosco praedicti Rogeri de Someiy et
haeredum suorum sagittas barbatas set (sed)
pilettas, et quod homines sui de Barwe, et
forestarii, infra octabis Sancti Michaelis, ad
vadum parci fidelitatem facient, quolibet annc^
ball vis praedicti comitis et heeredum suorum,
quod venationem praedicti comitis et haeredum
suorum fervabant fideliter, et alia quae . ad
dictam forestam pertinent, secundum propor-
tum dicti cyrographi inter praedictos comiteS
Wintoniae et Arundeliae, prius confecti. Et hsec
concordia facia est inter praedictum comitem,
et praedictum Rogerum de Somery salvis eidem
comiti et haeredibus suis, et praedicto Rogero
de Somery, et haeredibus suis, omnibus arti-
culis in preedicto cyrographo confecto, inter
praedictos comites Wintonise et Arundeliae con-
tentis. Et praeterea idem comes concessit pro
se et haeredibus suis, quod unus vel duo homi-r
num praedicti Rogeri de Somery et haeredum
suorum, qui sequentur praedictam feram vul-
neratam cum canibus earn sequentibus infra
praedictum parcum, cum praedicta fera si earn
ceperiut, vel aon, cum praedictis canibus, prae-
dicti

430

X^X Sex berseletes. Six hounds. Blount. See note under Taten-
huU and Drycot, p. 393.

\\%\ Hayam. Haia, a Sax. hseg. A quickset hedge. Ainsworth's
Diet, of Law Lat. and see notes under Chesterton and Teynton,
p. 242.

[*] Tempus pinguedinis et tenipus firmationis. Buck season and
doe season. See p. 393.

[•f] Metas bersationis. See Bersandum, above.

•f §-[• Sagittas pilettas. Sagitta piletta is an arrow that has a round
knob (pila) in the shank of it, some two inches above the head,
to hinder the arrows going too far into the deer's body. Blount.

BENHAM, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

Fulke Fitz Warine held certain lands in Benham, in the county
of Gloucester, of Thomas Lord Berkley, lord of Brimmesfeild, by
serjeanty, to carry a horn in Brimmesfeild park betwixt the feasts
of the Assumption and the Nativity of the blessed Virgin (15th
August, and 8th September) at such time as the King should hunt
there *.

dicti parci libere exeant, per portam et sine posuit. Et sciendum est quod tempus pm-

impedimento. Et praedictus comes et haere- guedinis hie computatur inter festum Beati

des scire, facient aliquem de suis pr8edicto Petri ad Vincula et Exaltationem Sanctae

Rogero de Somery et haeredibus suis apud Crucis, et tempus firmationis inter festum

Barwe, quo die mittetur pro supra dictis Sancti Martini et Purificationem Beatae Mariae.

damis, ad praedictum locum, praedictis tem- Ex Codice MS. penes Elyam Ashmole Arm,

poribus, et hoc scire eis facient per sex dies Blount, 126.

ante praedictum diem. In cujus rei testimo- * Escaet. 23 Edw. III. No. 39, Glouc.

Dium alter alterius scripto sigillum suum ap- Blount, 132.

WAKEFIELD,

431

WAKEFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK.

John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, granted to one John Howson
a messuage in Wakefield, the said Howson paying the annual rent
of a thousand clusters of nuts, and upholding a gauntlet firm and
strong *.

REIGATE, COUNTY OF SURREY.

John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, quit-claimed to God and St.
Mary and the prior and canons of the Holy Cross at Reigate his
right in nineteen shillings and four-pence yearly rent, and one
plough-share, and four horse shoes with nails, which the said prior
and canons used to pay to his ancestors, for several tenements in
Reigate -f.

EAST BECHEWORTHE, COUNTY OF SURREY.

John de Warren granted to John, son of Adrian de London, a
virge of land in East Becheworthe, paying certain gloves of fur
of gris ^, or forty-pence, at three terms in the year $.

f Gris. See p. 189.

* Watson's Memoirs of the Earls of Warren
and Surrey, vol. i. p. 264, from a deed in
French, dated 7 Edw. I. late in the posses-
sion of Mr. Thomas Wilson, of Leeds.

"f Pat. of Inspeximus. 10 Edw. 11. p. 2,
la. 12. 2 Mon. Angl. 346. Memoirs of the

Earls of Warren and Surrey, by the Rev. Mr.
Watson, vol, i. p. 291-

J Reddendo quasdam cyrothecas furratas
de gris, vel quadraginta denarios, ad tres anni
terminos. Watson's Memoirs of the Earls of
Warren and Surrey, vol. i. p. 295, from a
deed; dated 38 Hen. III.

BROOK-HOUSE,

432

BROOK-HOUSE, COUNTY OF YORK.

A farm at Brook-house, in Langsett, in the parish of Peniston,
and county of York, pays yearly to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. a snow-
ball at Midsummer, and a red rose at Christmas :|;§"]; *.

X^X This is certainly a most extraordinary tenure, and yet the
editor has no doubt but it is very possible to perform the ser-
vice : he has himself seen snow in caverns or hollows, upon
the high moors, in this neighbourhood, in the month of June ;
and as to the red rose at Christmas (as he does not suppose
that it was meant to have been growing just before it was pre-
sented) he thinks it is not difficult to preserve one till that time
of the year. E. As the things tendered in tenures were usually
such a^ could easily be procured, and not impossible ones, we
must suppose that the two here mentioned were redeemable by
a pecuniary payment to be fixed at the will of the lord. P.

LEVINGTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

Adam de Brus ^, lord of Skelton, gave in marriage with his
daughter Isabel, to Henry de Percy, eldest son and heir of Joceline
de Lovain (ancestor to the present Duke of Northumberland) the
manor of Levington, for which he and his heirs were to repair to
Skelton-castle every Chi'istmas day, and lead the lady of that castle
from her chamber to the chapel, to mass, and thence to her chamber
again, and, after dining with her, to depart -f-.

* Extracted from the writings of Godf. f Circ. temp. Ric. I. vel Joh. Regis. Great

Bosville, of Guuthwaite, Esq. and communi- Percy Chartulary, fo. 60. CoUins's Peerage,

cated to the editor by John Wilson, of Broom- vol. ii. p. 297, edit. 5.
bead, Esq.

f The

433

^ The la,te Woodifield Beckwith, Esq. (who as well as the editor,
was a descendant of the family of Brus of Skelton-eastle) died
seised of an estate at Kirk Levington, alias Castle Levington,
near Yarm, in the county of York, in the year 1779.

ELKESLEY, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

John Fleming gave to Adam de Wellum, all the meadow which
he had between the mill of Elkesley and the bridge of Twifort,
paying him and his heirs, one spur§^§ (calcariam) of Lincoln, or
four-pence at Christmas, for all yearly services *.

||:§ By this it should seem that the city of Lincoln was then famous
for the spurs there made. Yet the word calcaria is particular
here, not occurring in this sense in Du Fresne's Glossary -f-.
But it appears from a deed sans date of the first Ralph Musard,
of Staveley, com. Derb. that a spur was of the value of four-
pence i ; and I remember to have seen only one spur paid as
a rent on other occasions ; so we find " unum equum, unum
saccum, et unum pryk in guerra Wallise §." One spur was also
common in wearing ||. Lastly, I observe, that calcarium is
used for calcar *^ ; and therefore, why not calcaria in the
feminine ?

However, to dissemble nothing, and not to conclude too rashly,
it is possible calcaria may signify a load of lime ; there being

* Thorotofi's Hist, of Nott. p. 445. where in Latin called compunctum." See him

t Calcaria in him means a lime kiln, or again, p. 125, (antea, p. 426. Dylew) where

lime, or a payment for burning Kme. the word compunctum occurs. Hence to

J A pair of gilt spurs equalled sixpence, prick means to ride. Spenser's Fairy-Queen>

temp. R. Joh. Chauncey, Hertf. p. 279. lib. 1.

I Blount's Tenures', p. 17, (antea, p. 132, 1| MS. Tale of -John Le Reve, stanza 10.

Kinwaldmersh) where he notes "pryksigni- ** Blount Ten. p. 46, (antea, p. 152, Gis-

fies a goad or spur, as I suppose, and is else- sag.)

3 K no

434

no other authority but this in Thoroton, that I know of, for its
impoFting a spur, or, I may add, for Lincoln's being remarkable
for the manufacture of spurs. The hill at Lincoln is noted for
lime, the stone of which the hill consists burning kindly to a
calx. And as calcaria is found in the Glossaries to denote a
lime-kiln, and also a payment for the burning of lime *, it may,
without much violence, mean a load of lime here. The rock at
Lincoln, it is observed, is scarce fit for any other use than
making lime, it being seldom appUed for building, except where
it is defended from rain and frost, the latter shivering it into
small pieces or flakes, so that there is but little of it used about
that noble fabric, the Minster. And as there was an easy
communication from Lincoln into Nottinghamshire, and vice
vers4, by water, after the fosse-dike was made in the twelfth
century, lime was readily conveyed to the city from many parts
of the latter. On the whole, the reader is left to judge which
of these two interpretations he ought to adopt. P.

RAVENSWORTH, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the seventh year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1351,
Ralph Clerk held in capite of the lady of Ravenshelme, one mes-
suage, called Fengerhouses, and sixty acres of land, with the ap-
purtenances, in Ravensworth, by fealty and the service of two
firrows, feathered with peacock's feathers ^, yearly at Christmas -f-.

•| Duar. sagittar'. pennat'. pennis pavonum. It is siwgular that these

* Du Fresne, vol. ii. p. 59- Mr. Pegge's et lx acr'- terr'. cuti» pertin', in Ravensworth,

Letter to the Editor, dated 13th Oct. 17s 1. per fid', et servic'. duar'. sagittar'. pennat'.

-|- Radus Clerk ten', in capite de dna de Ra- pennis pavonum per annum, die Natal. Dni

venshelme unum mess, vocat'. Fengerhouses, Inquis.^post mortem Hadi Clerk. 7 Hatfield.

should

4S5

should be fletched with peacock's feathers. It was more for
beauty and ornament, I presume, than any great advantage. P.

Mr. Pegge is mistaken in supposing it was for beauty and orna-
ment that peacock's feathers were used, for the reddish fea-
thers of a peacock's wing are anxiously sought for by the
archers, as they surpass every feather known for that pur-
pose. 'W.

SOFTLEY, PARISH OF PENISTON, COUNTY OF

YORK.

A farm at Softley, in the parish of Peniston, in the county of*
York, pays yearly to Godfrey. Bosville, of Gunthwaite, Esq. a
whittle f*

% Whittle, a knife, Chaucer. Pronounced thwittle in Cheshire
and La,ncashire. See Gunthwaite. E.

In Timon of Athens, act v. sc. 2, Timon says to the 1st Senator;
" ' for myself

" There's not a whittle in the unruly camp,
" But I do prize it at my love, before
" The reverend'st throat in Athens."

A whittle is still in the midland counties the common name of a
pocket clasp knife, such as children use. Chaucer speaks of
a Sheffield thwittell. Note. Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

GUNULTHWAITE, now GUNTHWAITE, COUNTY

OF YORK.

In the year 1588, the following rents were paid to Francis Bos-

* Extracted from the writings of Godfrey cated to the editor's late father by John Wil-
Bosville, of Gunthwaite; Esq. and communi- sod, of Broomhead, Esq.

3 K 2 ville.

436

ville, lord of this manor, ancestor of the present Godfrey Bosville,
Esq. viz.

George Blunt, gent, paid two broode arrowes, with heades.

James Bileliffe paid a paire of gloves, and

Thomas Wardsworth, for Roughbankes, paid a thwittel *.

EAST-SMITHFIELD, LONDON.

John de Mojse, who is under age, by assize, impleads Thomas
de Weylaund, and Margaret his wife, for one messuage, two mills,
four acres of meadow, and forty-two shillings rent in East-Smith-
field, without Aldgate. They call to warranty Ralph de Berners,
who w arrants them, and says, that he claims nothing, except cus-
tody, for that John, father of the said John, held of him the afore-
said tenements by homage and the service of sixpence, and by
finding a certain man for him in the Tower of London, with bows
and arrows, for forty days in the time of war : John says, that he
holds the tenements aforesaid, by homage and service of certain
spurs, or sixpence for all services : and so omitting many things on
both sides, it will manifestly appear, by the verdict of the jury, and
the judgment of the court, what was determined in this Assize.
The jury say, that the aforesaid tenements are held of the aforejsaid
Ralph, by homage and service of one pair of gilt spurs, or sixpence,
and by finding a certain man for the said Ralph, in the Tower of
London, with bows and arrows, for forty days in the time of war,
in the north angle of the Tower aforesaid, for all services : and
because it was found, &c. that the said Ralph acknowledgeth in
his answer, that the aforesaid heir ought to hold the same tene-
ments by the aforesaid homage and service of the aforesaid spurs,

* From the same writings.

437

or sixpence, and by the serjeanty of finding a man for him in (he
aforesaid Tower, for forty days : and it manifestly appears that
petit serjeanties of this sort (which ought to be done for their
lords, of whom they hold their tenements, by others, except them-
selves) neither give nor ought to give any custody thereupon to thfe
same lords, although the same lords, by neglect of the parents,
have got the custodies of heirs within age in this manner : and the
said Ralph cannot say, that he hath any seisin of the aforesaid cus-
tody, unless by his own occupancy, and the neglect of the parents
of the aforesaid heir of his ancestors, whilst he was within age,
and not by any other right; therefore, it was considered, that the
said John should recover his seisin thereupon, &c., and his da-
mages, &c.*

* Per assisam, Johannes de Moyse, qui est
infra aetatem, implacitat Thom. de Weylaund,
et Marg. ux. ejus, pro uno messuag'. ii mo-
lendin'. iv acris prati, et xliis. redd', in East
Smithfield, extra Aldgate : ipsi voc'. ad warr'.
Rad. de Berners, qui warr'. et dicit quod nihil
clamat' nisi custod'. eo quod Johannes, pater
dicti Johannes, tenuit de eo prsedicta ten', per
homag'. et servic'. "vi d., et inveniendi quendam
hominem pro eo in Turr. London, cum arcu-
bus et sagittis, per quadraginta dies tempore
guerrae. Johannes dicit quod tenet tenementa
praedicta per homagium et servitium quorun-
dam calcariorum, vel vi d. pro omni servitio :
et sic omittendo multa ex utraque parte, mani-
feste patebit per vered. jur'. et per jud'. cur',
quid in hac ass', terminatum fuit. Jur'. die',
quod praedicta tenementa tenent'. de praedicto
Radulpho per homagium et servic'. unius paris
calcariorum deauratorum, vel sex denar'. et
inven'. quendam hominem pro ipso Radulpho
in Turri Lond'. cum arcubus et sagittis, per
XL dies tempore guerrae, in boreali angulo

Turris praedictae, pro omni servic'. Et quia
compertum est, &c. quod Radulphus cog»
noscit in respons'. quod praedict'. haeres tenere
debet eadetn tenemen'. per praedict'. homag.'
et servic'. praedict'. calcar'. vel sex denar'. et
per serjaiitiam inveniendi unum homincHipro
eo in predicti Turri pro x l dies : et manifests
liquet, quod hujiismodi minores serjantiae quae
debeiit iSeri pro dominis suis de quibus tenent
tenementa sua, per alios quani seipsos nullant
inde dabunt custodiam eisdem dominis, nee
dare debent, licet ijdem domini infra setatem
haeredum per negligentiam propinquorum pa-
rentum hujusmodi custodias occupaverint ; et
iste Radulphus non potest dedicere quod un-:
quam aliquam habuit seisiuam de praedict'.
custod'. nisi per occupationem suam et negli-
gentiam parentum praedicti hseredis antecessoris
sui dum infra aetatem fuit, et non alio jure,
considerat'. est quod praedict'. Johannes rec'.
inde seis'. Sec. et damn'. &c. Hil. 8 Edw. I.
in Banco, Rot. 86. 2 Inst. 6.

BRAITHWELL,

438

BRAITHWELL, COUNTY OF YORK.

In the seventh year of the reign of King Richard II. 1383,
WilHam Cownall held a tenement in Braithwell, by homage, fealty,
&c. and suit of court (to the manor of Conisborough,) and by
finding one footman to guard the Castle for forty days, in the time
of war, at his own proper costs *.

At the court held at Conisborough, the 24th of August, 13 Hen.
IV. 1412, William Eylmyn did fealty to the lord, and acknowledged
that he held of him one messuage, one toft, and nineteen acres of
land, in Braithwell, in right of his wife, late belonging to William
Cresey, by homage, fealty, and the service of ten shillings a year
rent, and by suit of court to the court of Conisborough, from three
weeks to three weeks, and by suit to the lord's mill at Conis-
borough, &c. -j"

POKERLEY, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the first year of the pontificate of bishop Skirlawe, 1388,
Bertram Monboucher died seised in his demesne, &c. of divers
lands and tenements, and the service of the freeholders of Pokerley,
with all their appurtenances, which were held of the heirs of the

*Willielmus Cownall ten', tenement', in rici IV. post Conquestiim xiii, Willielraus

llraithewell, per homagium, fidelit'. &c. et Eylmyn fecit diio fidelit'. et cognovit se tenere

sect', cur', et inveniend'. unum hominem pedi- de diio unum mess.,unum toftum, et xix acr'.

turn ad wardum Castri, pro XL dies tempore terre in Braithewell, dejureuxoris ejus, nuper

guerrae, proprijs sumptibus. E.^c cop. Rot. Willielmi Cresey, per homagium, fidelitat. et

Cur. ten', apud Connesburgh die Mercur. vii" per servic'. de deceih solid, per annum de

die Octobr., anno regni Regis Eic. II. penes reddit, et sect. cur', ad cur'- de Connesburgh,

edit. ad tribus septimanas in tres sept', et secta ad

f Ad cur', ten', apud Connesburgh, xxiv molend'. diii de Connesb. &c. Ex cop. Rot.

die Mercuris August', auno regni Regis Hen- Cur. penes edit,

lords

439

iords of Urpath, by one clove f on St. Cuthbert's day in Septem*
^^^ §t-§» for all other services *.

% Clam gariophili. It should be written Clam, meaning clavum
gariophili, the spice called clove. P.

§:|:§ The 4th of September, the day of his translation. P.

TIDESWELL, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Sir Richard Daniel, of Tideswell, knight, by his charter, without
date, gave, granted, and confirmed to Master Thomas de Wymun-
deham, precentor of Lichfield, for his service, and for fifteen marks,
which he gave him in hand, twelve acres of his land in Tideswell,
to hold to him, his heirs and assigns for ever, rendering yearly to
the said Sir Richard and his heirs, one pair of white gloves at
Easter, and sixpence at Michaelmas, for all services -f-.

CARLCOATS, COUNTY OF YORK.

Two farms at Carlcoats, in the parish of Peniston and county of
York, pay to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. the one a right-hand, and the
other a left-hand glove, yearly %•

* Bertramus Monboucher ob'. seis'. de do- quindecim marcis quas sibi dedit premanibu^,

mitiio, &c. de diversis terris et tenement'. duodecim acras terre sue cum pertinentijs ia

cum servic'. libere tenent'. de Pokerley, cum Tydeswell, tenendas eidem et heredibus suis,

omnibus suis pertin'. que tenentur de haer'. vel suis assignatis imperpetuum, reddendo inde

dominorum de Urpath, per unum clam gario- -annuatim dicto Ricardo, et heredibus suis,

phili die Sancti Cuthberti in Sept. pro omnibus unam par albarum cyrotecarum ad Pascha, et

alijs servic'. Inquis. post mortem Bertrami sex denar'. ad festum Sancti Michaelis, pro

Monboucher. 1 Skirlaw. omni servitio. Ex Autographo penes Fr. Fer-

f Ricardus Daniel de Tideswell, miles, per rand Foljambe, arm.

cartam suam, sine dat. dedit, concessit, et con- J Extracted from the writings of Godfrey

firmavit Magistro Thome de Wymundeham, Bosville, of Gunthwaite, Esq.
precentori Lichfieiden, pro servitio suo, et pro

LAVENHAM,

440

LAVENHAM, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

The inhabitants have a tenure of land, which Littleton, the
famous lawyer, calls Borough-English, viz. that the younger sons
inherit the lands and tenements which their fathers had in this
manor, if they happen to die intestate *.

MALDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

There is the same custom at this place, but it is limited to the
youngest son *f-.

LYMBURYS, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Lymbury's, so called from its possessors, was held under the
Earls of Oxford, of the Honour of Evenyngham, by the service
of holding the earl's stuTup, whenever he should mount his palfrey,
in the presence of the owner of that manor J.

PELAWE, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

John de Birteley died (in the tenth year of bishop Bury, 1345,)
seised in his demesne, &c. of twelve acres of land, with the appur-
tenances, in Pelawe, which were held of Richard Pelawe in capite,
by the service of paying twelve-pence to the said Richard, and one
quarter of beans to the rector of the church of Bold on for the
time being ^.

* The reference is omitted in the MS. left nio, &c. xii acr'. terr'. cum pertin'. in Pe-

by the editor's late father. lawe, que tenentur de Ric. Pelawe in capite,

fibid. perservic'. redd', xii denar'. dicto Ricardo, et

;j; Escheat Roll, Ljsons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. unum quarterium fabarum rectori ecclesize de

p. 2] 6. Boldon, qui pro tempore fuit. Inquis. post

I Johannes de Birteley ob'. seis'. in domi- mortem J ohannis de Birteley. 10 Bury.

GIMMINGHAM,

441

GIMMINGHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

John, Earl of Warren and Surrey, in the 12th of Edward II.
granted tliis lordship to Thomas Earl of Lancaster, and his heirs,
with many others, reserving his own right therein for life, and on his
death, in the 21st of Edward III, it came to Henry Duke of Lan-
caster. At this time there was a capital messuage, a park, eleven
score acres of arable land, and was held in free socage by the
service of a bell*.

WIRRAL FOREST, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

Randal de Meschines, the third IVorman Earl of Chester, about
the year 1124, conferred upon Alan Sylvestris the bailiwick of the
forest of Wirral, by the delivery of a horn, (a bugle ^ horn) which
was in the year 1751, preserved at Hooton : to this Alan Silvestris,
Randal Gernouns, the fourth Norman Earl of Chester, son to
Randal de Meschines, gave Stourton and Pudecan, now Pudding-
ton, in Wirral. This forest was disafforested, and the lands began
to be inclosed, in the reign of King Edward III. Edric, surnamed
Silvaticus, or the Forester, was the supposed ancestor of Alan
Silvestris, and of the Silvesters of Stourton, foresters of Wirral,
whose daughter and heiress married the head of that antlent and
honourable family of the Stanleys, the descendants of which match
have been for several centuries seated at Hooton in Wirral. The
arms of Edric (who was a great warrior) on a shield argent a large
tree torn up by the roots, vert, since born by the Silvesters of
Stourton in Wirrall, are impressed on the horn f .

* Bloniefield's Hist, of Norfolk, fol. edit. f Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn as

vol. dv. pp. 317, 318. ■ a Charter. Archaeolog. vol. iii. p. 3, in Annot.

3 L % Bugle-

442

% Bugle-horn. Perhaps from being the horn of the bison, wild
ox, or buffalo, which Dr. Littleton calls a bugle *.

PRESTHILL, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the first year of the pontificate of Richard de Bury, bishop of
Durham, 1335, Catherine Hornecliffe held of the lord of Twyssil,
four acres of land at Presthill, by mesne and by foreign ser-
vice ll§tl f.

|§1| Per med'm et per forinsecum servicium. Intrinsic and forinsic
service, are usually opposed to one another, as in Blount's Law
Diet, voce Forein, and in Du Fresne voce Servicium. (See note
under Ponthop, p. 285, for an explanation of foreign service.)
It appears to me that med'ra signifies mean service, and con-
sequently answers to intrinsic service. See also Wolsyngham,
p. 379. P.

EDGWARE, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

The first mention I find of the manor of Edgware, is in the year
1171, when Henry Becointe paid one mark into the King's Ex-
chequer, that he might implead William de Reymes for that ma-
nor J. Soon afterwards it belonged to Ela Countess of Salisbury,
daughter and heir of William D'Eureux, and wife of William
Longespee, who granted it to her son Nicholas and his espoused
wife, to be held of her by the service of a sparrow-hawk |.

* Mr. Pegge's Observations on the Horn secum servicium. Jnquis. post mortem Ca-

as a Charter. Archaeolog. vol. iii. p. 11, iu tharinae Hornecliff. 1 Bury.

Annot. + Madox's Hist, of the Exchequer, p. 296.

t Catherina Hornecliff ten', de dno de § Cart. Ant. Brit. Mus. 33, B. 12. Ly-

Twyssil IV acr'. terrae per med'm, et per foriu- sons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p. 242.

OXSPRING,

443

OXSPRING, COUNTY OF YORK.

In the year 1572, John Waynwright, of Wytwell-hall, in Halam-
shire (in the manor of Bolsterstone) paid to Godfrey Bosville, Esq.
lord of the manor of Oxspring, " two grett brode arrows well
hedyd, and barbyd ordrly." *

FLOYERS HAYS, COUNTY OF DEVON.

The family of Floyers were antiently seated at Floyers-hays, in
the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle, near Exeter, which they held
by this antient tenure, that if the Courtneys, Earls of Devon, came
at any time into Ex Isle, they were to attend them decently ap-
parelled, with a clean towel on their shoulders, a flaggon of wine
in one hand, and a silver bowl in the other, and offer to serve them
with drink. This tenure was confirmed with a grant of the land
to Richard, son of Nicholas, grandson of Richard Fitz-Floyer, by

Robert son of Henry and afterwards by one of the Earls

of Devon -f-.

DURHAM, CITY OF.

In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348, Sir
Jordan de Dalden, Icnight, died seised in his demesne, &c. of six
shillings rent, . yearly, issuing out of a certain tenement which
Hugh de Whittonstall held in the bailiwick of Durham, and he held
it of the aforesaid Jordan, by the service of six shillings a year,
and by finding the said Sir Jordan, for himself and his retinue, a

sufficient chamber and stable in the time of war f

% Tempore

* Extracted from the writings of Godfrey •]■ Hutchins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. i. p. 472.

Bosville, of G until waite, Esq. and commu- J Jordanus de Dalden, mil. ob'. seis'. in do-

nicated to the editor's late father by John minico, 8cc. de sex solidat. reddit'. per annum,

Wilson, of Broomhead, Esq. exeunt, de quodam ten', quod Hugo de Whit-

3 L 2 tonstalL

444

f Tempore guerrte. The inhabitants of the county of Durham
were particularly liable to war in these times, by reason of their
vicinity to Scotland. See Goswyk, p. 374. P.

HEDSOR, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

An estate in this parish, called Lambert Farm, was formerly held
under the manor, by the service of bringing in the first dish at the
lord's table, on St. Stephen's day, and presenting him with two
hens, a cock, a gallon of ale, and two nianchets of white bread ;
after dinner the lord delivered to the tenant a sparrow-hawk, and
a couple of spaniels, to be kept at his costs and charges, for the
lord's use ; a composition is now paid in lieu of this service *.

BRrNNINGTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

The manor of Brinnington having been parcel of the barony of
Dunham-massey, was with other estates given by Hamon de Massey
to Robert son of Walthesh, for which the said Robert was retained
to serve him in his chambers, and to carry his arms and clothes
when the Earl of Chester in his own person should go to Wales ;
Hamon was to find him a sumpture, a man, and a sack, whilst in
his service in the army : and the said Robert was to swear, that if
Hamon were in captivity, he should help to set him free, and also
help to make his son a knight, and to marry his eldest daughter, in
token of which Robert gave Hamon a gold ring -f.

tonstall tenet in ballivo de Dunelm. et illud quis. post mortem Jordani de Dalden, militis,

tenuit de predicto Jordano, per servic'. sex 4 Hatfield.

solidor. per annum, et ad inveniend. dictum * Lysons's Magna Brit. vol. i. p. 577-8.

dominum Jordanum, pro se et suis cameram f Ibid. vol. ii. p. 783.

et stabulum sufficient', tempore guerrae. In-

BRADWELL,

445

BRADWELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Boydin Aylet holds four pound-lands in Bradwell, by the hand
of William de Doria, by serjeanty of the mace *.

And William Cains holds six pound-lands there, by the same
tenure -f.

LATON, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348,
Peter de Brackenbiry, and Agnes his wife, held the manor of Laton
of Robert de Mundevill and his heirs, rendering every year to the
same Robert one barbed arrow for all services |..

And in the twenty-fifth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield,
1369, Cecily, the wife of Peter de Brackenbery, died seised, &c.
of the manor of Laton, with the appurtenances, which were held
of the heirs of Mundevill, by the service of one arrow at entry,
and if it was not given, they were to give forty-pence ^ for the said
arrow §.

^ Forty-pence is a large sum for a single arrow, but I conceive
it not to be so much the price of the arrow, as a forfeiture for
omission. P.

* Boydin Aylet tenet quatuor lib. terre in pro omnibus serviciis. Inquis. post mortem

Bradwell, per manum Willielmi de Dona, per Petri de Brackenbiry. 4 Hatfield,

serjantiam claviae. Ex Lib. Rub. Scac. 137, § Cecilia, uxor Petri de Brackenbiry, ob'.

Appendix to Brady's Introduction, 22. seis'. &c. de manerio de Laton, cum pertin'.

t Willielmus Cains tenet sex lib. terre ibi- quod teneturde heredibus del Mundevill, per

6em, per serjantiam claviae. Ibid. servitium unius sagitte ad introitum, et si non

JPetrus de Brackenbiry, et Agn'. uxor ejus, detur sagitta dabuntur XLd. pro dicta sagitta.

tenuerunt maner'. de Laton de Roberto de Inquis. post mortem Ceciliae de Brackenbiry,

Mundevill et haer'. ejus, reddendo quolibet 25 Hatfield,
anno eidem Roberto unam sagittam barbatam,

BISHOFS

446

BISHOFS CASTLE, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Within the manor of Bishop's Castle, in the county of Salop,
Ilowel de Lydom and William ap John held one yard-land, paying
three shillings at the feast of Pentecost, and three shillings atMichael-
mas, or three plough-shares, three coulters, and to repair the iron
work of three ploughs, at the election of the bishop's bailiffs *,

ISLEHAM, COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The manor of Isleham was held in ancient times under the Earl
of Arundel, by the singular service, that, whenever the earl, in
going to the wars, should pass Haringesmere, in this parish, the
tenant should meet him, and present him with a gammon of bacou
on the point of a lance -f.

TEMPLE TISOE, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

Within the precincts of this manor is cut, upon the side of Edge
Hill, the figure of a horse in a large shape, and because the earth is
red, it is called the Red Horse, and gives a denomination to the fruit-
ful vale about it, called the Vale of the Red Horse. The trenches
about the horse are cleansed every year by a freeholder, who holds
his land by that service X-

ANGRE PARVA, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

William de Moucel holds Little Angre, by serjeanty of being
marshall of the barony of G. de Toany §.

* The reference is omitted m the MSS. left § Willielmus Moucel ten'. Parvam Angre,

by the editor's late father. per serjantiam marescalciae de baronia G. de

f Hundred Roll, 8 Edw, I. Lysons's Toany. Appendix to Brady's Introduction,

Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 221. p. 23.

f Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire,
p. 422. Bray's Tour, p. 35.

OXENHOATH,

447

OXENHOATH, COUNTY OF KENT.

Oxenhoath is now the property and residence of Sir William
Geary, bart. whose family obtained it by marriage with the Bartho-
lomews. It was anciently the property of the Colepepers, and was
formerly held of the manor of Hoo, near Rochester, by the yearly
payment of a pair of gilt spurs *.

DALEMAYN, COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

Near Dacre is Dalemayn, the mansion-house of the Hassels, and
holden of the barony of GreystQck in cornage ^. -f-

f See note on Burgh on the Sands, vol. i. p. 96. This tenure by
cornage was chiefly confined to lands lying adjacent to the Ficts
Wall, which divided England and Scotland. In this wall, it is
said, there was a communication between turret and turret, by
tubes or pipes in the wall, so that notice could be immediately
conveyed by the voice, and an alarm given, from one end of the
wall to the other, on the approach of an enemy ; but when the
wall, and those tubes or pipes, were destroyed by the Picts and
Scots, another method of giving such an alarm was, through
necessity, adopted ; and that was, by sounding horns upon the
frontiers on the approach of an enemy. Vide Speed's Hist^
of Britain, lib. vi. cap. 17. Camd. Brit. tit. Picts Wall.

ROLLESTON, &c. COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Sir Hugh de Babington and Sir Henry de Perpont held in Rolles-
ton, Cottington, Barneby, and CoUjngham, one knight's fee, pay-

* Beauties oi[ England and Wales, vol. viii. f Camd. Brit, tit. Cumberland,

p. 1285.

ing

448

ing for castle ward Htjl to the Earl of Richmond yearly, ten shil-
lings *.

111-11 See note under Ileighington, p. 379.

CAMBERWELL, COUNTY OF SURREY.

An inferior manor, by the name of Camberwell, held of Camber-
well Buckinghams, by the service of a pair of horse shoes, was the
property of the Scotts f. Francis Muschamp died seised of it in
1632 +.

BRADFORD, COUNTY OF YORK.

This manor belonged to John of Gaunt, who granted to John Nor-
thop, of Manningham, an adjoining village, and his heirs, three mes-
suages and six bovates of land, to come to Bradford, on the blowing
of a horn, on Saint Martin's Day in winter, and wait on him and his
heirs, in their way from Blackburnshire, with a lance and hunting
dog for thirty days, to have for yeoman's board, one penny for him-
self and a halfpenny for his dog, &c.. for going with the receiver or
bailiff to conduct him safe to the castle of Pontefract. A de-
scendant of Northop afterwards granted land in Horton to Rush-
worth, of Horton, another adjoining village, to hold the hound
while Northop's man blew the horn. These are called hornman or
hornblow lands, and the custom is still kept up : a man coming into
the market-place with a horn, halbert, and dog, is met by the

* Dns Hugo de Babington et Dns Henr. (before the suppression of the knights

de Perpont tenent in Rolliston, Cotyugton, templars) in the hands of F. F. Foljambe, of

Barneby, et Colyngham, i feod'. niilitis, Aldwarke, county of York, esq.

reddend'. pro warda castri x s. From an ori- f Cole's Escheats, Harl. MS. Brit. Mus.

giiial MS. roll of knights' fees, held of the No. 759, p. 25.

Earl of Richmond, in the counties of Not- J Ibid. No. 758, p. 156. Lysons's Environs

tingham and Lincoln, in the time of Edw. II. of London, vol. i. p. 72.

owner

449

owner of the lands in Horton. After proclamation made, the former
calls out aloud, " Heirs of Rushworth, come hold me my hound,
" whilst I blow three blasts of my horn, to pay the rent due to our
" sovereign lord the king." He then delivers the string to the man
from Horton, and winds his horn thrice. The original horn, re-
sembling that of Tutbury in Staffordshire, is still preserved, though
stripped of its silver ornaments *.

SOUTH MOULTON, glim SNOW MOULTON, COUNTY

OF DEVON.

This town was formerly held by the Martyns, by serjeanty to find
a man, with a bow and three arrows, to attend the Earl of Glou-
cester when he should hunt thereabouts -f.

ESSINGTON, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

The lord of the manor of Essington (either by himself, deputy,
or steward) oweth, and is obliged yearly to perform service to the
lord of the manor of Hilton, a village about a mile distant from

this manor. The lord of Essington (now or late the estateof

St. John, esquire,) is to bring a goose every New Year's Day, and
drive it round the fire, in the hall of Hilton, at least three times,
(which he is bound to do as mesne lord) whilst Jack of Hilton is,
blowing the fire. This Jack of Hilton is an image of brass, of
about twelve inches high, kneeling on his left knee, and holding his
right hand upon his heiad, and his left upon pego, or his viretrum,
erected, having a little hole at the mouth, at which being filled with
water, and set to a strong fire, which makes it evaporate like an

* Cough's Camd. Brit. edit. 1789, vol. iii. t Camd. Brit. tit. Devonshire.

p. 45.

3 M aeohpile,

450

seolipile, it vents itself in a constant blast, so strongly that it is yery
audible, and blows the fire fiercely.

When the lord of Essington has done his duty, and the other
things are performed, he carries his goose into the kitchen of Hilton
Hall, and delivers it to the cook, who having dressed it, the lord of
Essington, or his deputy, by way of further service, is to carry it to
the table of the lord paramount of Hilton and Essington, and re-
ceives a dish of meat from the lord of Hilton's table for his own
mess, and so departs. This service was performed by James Wil-
kinson, then bailiff to Sir Gilbert Wakerinff, lord of this manor of
Essington, to the Lady Townsend, who was lady of the manor of
Hilton, as was testified in 1680 to Doctor Plott, by Thomas and
John Stokes, two brothers, who were present at the performance
of it *.

THURCASTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

This manor (as is evident by an old feodary book) was granted by
Robert Earl of Leicester, about the time of King Henry II., to
William, one of his followers, to hold of him by this service, viz. to
keep his faulcons ; which oflSee gave unto his posterity the surname
of Faulconer, who thereupon also bare argent three faulcons

ules -f*.

WILLASTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

It appears that, at an early period, WilKam Willaston held the
manor of Willaston, and lands in Rope, Willaston, &c. in the
county of Chester, by the service of finding a man and horse to

* Plot's Hist, of Staffordshire, p. 423. \ Burton's Hist, of Leicestershire, p. 287.

keep

451

keep the fairs at Chester twice a year, according to the custom of
the fairs *. A glove is hung out at St. Peter's church, fourteen days
before the commencement of each fair, and till its conclusion. It
is not improbable that the glove might allude originally to what was
considered as the staple trade of the city ; in corroboration of which
it may be observed, that at the Midsummer show a glove was for-
merly delivered by the wet glovers to the mayor, as part of their
homage, and to this day it is not unusual for the glovers to present
the mayor with a pair of gloves on his election -f-.

BERMETON, COUNTY OF tiURHAM.

■i

In the fourth year of the pontificate of bishop Hatfield, 1348,
Thomas de Bermeton died seised, &c. of one oxgang of land, with
the appurtenances, in Bermeton, and it was held in capite of
Robert de Skirnyngham, by the service of three grains of pepper
yearly t

FINCHLEY, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Sir William Marche died anno 1398, seised of an estate called
the manor of Finehley, with eighty acres of land in Finchley and
Hendon. He held it (jointly with William Brynkley and John
Beestchurch) of Philip Pelytot, by the annual rent pf a pound of
pepper §,

* Woodnoth's Collections, f. 237, b. per gervic'. trium granor' pip'is per ann. In-

t Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 606. quis. post mortem Thonaze de Bermeton. 4

I Thomas de Bermeton ob'. s'. &c. de Hatfield.

•ana bovat'. terrje, cum pertin'. in Bermeton, et | Lysons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p.

tenetur in capite de Roberto de Skyrnyngham, 336.

3 M 2 HUNSHELFE,

452

HUNSHELFE, PARISH OF PENISTON, COUNTY OF

YORK.

A farm called Unshriven Bridge (vulgo Unsliven Brigg), in Hun-
shelfe, in the parish of Peniston, in the county of York, pays yearly
to Godfrey Bosville, Esq. of Gunthwaite, in the same parish, two
broad-headed and feathered arrows *.

BROUGHTON, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

The manor of Broughton is held of the lord of the manor of
Castor, or of Harden, a hamlet in the parish of Castor, by the fol-
lowing service : on Palm Sunday, a person from Broughton attends
with a new cart-whip, or whip-gad (as they call it in Lincolnshire),
made in a peculiar manner ; and, after cracking it three times in
the church porch, marches with it upon his shoulder through the
middle aisle into the choir, where he takes his place in the lord of
the manor's seat. There he remains till the minister comes to the
second lesson : he then quits the seat with his gad, having a purse
that ought to contain thirty silver pennies (for which, however, of
late years, half a crown has been substituted) fixed to the end of
its lash, and kneeling down on a cushion, or mat, before the read-
ing desk, he holds the purse, suspended over the minister's head,
all the time he is reading the second lesson ; after which he returns
to his seat. The whip and purse are left at the manor house. Some
ingenious persons have devised a reason for every circumstance of
this ceremony : they suppose that the thirty pennies are meant to
signify the thirty pieces of silver, mentioned in the second lesson,

* Extracted from the writings of Godfrey Bosville, Esq.

which

453

which Judas received to betray his master ; that the three cracks of
the whip in the porch allude to Peter's denying Christ thrice,
&c. &c.*

CHINGFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Gilbert de Ecclesia was obliged, by the tenure of his lands, to
find a man to gather nuts for the lord of the manor. In a survey of
this manor (St. Paul's), made about the year 1245, two payments are
mentioned called wodeselver, and averselver ^, (a composition for
labour) -f-.

% See note under West Aukland, p. 365.

NORTH WALSHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

WilHam de St. Clere, who had a moiety of the inheritance of Sir
Richard Butler in this county and town, conveyed it by fine, in the
57th of King Henry III., to William, son of William de Heving-
ham, to be held of him and his heirs, by the service of a sparrow-
hawk.

This extended into Swafield, Worsted, and Westwick ; William,
son of Reymer, had an interest therein, Beatrix, his wife, being
the relict of Sir Nicholas Butler, she being in court, and doing
homage §-j^ with the said William ; which shows how strict the law
of homage was at that time J.
^-j^ Homage. See note on Shouldham, p. 402.

CHESTER, CITY OF.

A record, entitled, " The Claims of the Citizens of Chester,'

• Gent. .Mag. voj. Ixix. p. 940. f Parkins's edit. Blomefield's Hist, of Nor-

f Lib. pilos, f. 40, a. Lysons's Environs folk, vol. xi, p. 74.
of London, vol. iv. p. 131.

after

454

after reciting their claim to various privileges and iinmunities, states
that there were certain customary tenants of the fcity, sixteen in
number, who, by their tenure, were bound to watch the city three
nights in the year, which are specified, and also to watch and
bring up felons and thieves condemned, as well in the court of the
justiciary of Chester, in the county there, as before the mayor of
Chester in full crownmote, as far as the gallows, for their safe
conduct and charge, under the penalty which thereto attaches ; for
which services the said customary tenants had certain privileges and
exemptions *.

GIMMINGHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In this manor the antient custom of socage is still kept up ; the
tenant not paying his rent in money, but in so many day's work-j^.

WEALDS OF KENT.

The lords of the wood in the wealds of Kent, used to visit those
places in summer-time, when their under-tenants were bound to
prepare little summer-houses for their reception, or else pay a
composition in money, called summer-hus silver if:.

SOUTH MALLING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In an old rental of this manor, mentioned by Somner in his
Treatise on Gravelkind, mention is made of a service called ser-
vitium liberum armorum, which was a service done by feudatory

* Black Book of the City of Chester, p. J Custura, de Sittingbourne, MS, Jacob's

57. Lysons's Mag. Brit. vol. ii. p. 571. Law Diet. verb. Sutnmer-Hus Silver.

t Camd. Brit. 467.

tenants,

4§5

tpsjiaftts, who were called liberi hoiijines, aijd distinguished from
vassals as was their service, for they were not bound to any of
the base services of ploughing the lord's land, &c. but were to
find a man and a horse, or go with the lord into the array, or to
attend his court, &c. *

EDGWARE, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Gilbert de Grauneestre held a hundred acres of land, under the
;manor of Edgware, anno 1328, by the service of a pair of gilt
spurs ; and William Page fifty acres by the rent of a pound of
cummin -f*.

CARLETON juxta ROTHWELL, COUNTY OF

YORK.

William Hunt, of Carleton by Rothwell, holdeth freely from all
services and demands (except one rose in the time of roses, if
demanded) in Carleton aforesaid, one capital messuage, six curti-
lages, four cottages, two carneals (carucates) of land and meadow,
and six assarts f , inseparable at all times in the year, with their
appurtenances, of the Earl of Lincoln (Henry de Lacy), as of his
manor of Rothwell, and the same WiUiam and his heirs shall have
and for ever enjoy, in the manor of the said earl there, without the
park there, a leash of greyhounds and six hounds, and the sai<}
William and his heirs shall be ready and prepared^ when they shall
be required by the forester there for the time being of the aforesaid
earl, and his heirs, with the greyhounds and hunting hounds afore-

*Somner on Gavelkind, p. 56. Jacob's f Lysons's Environs of London, vol. ii. p.

Law Diet. tit. Servitium liberum. 244.

said,

456

said, to hunt and kill fat venison of the aforesaid earl and his heirs,
in venison season, in the said park *.

% See note under Urpath, p. 371.

BRIMINGTON, COUNTY OF DERBY.

Geoffery, son of William de Brimington, gave, granted, and
confirmed to Peter, son of Hugh de Brimington, one toft, with the
buildings, and three acres of land in the fields there, with twenty
pence yearly rent, which he used to receive of Thomas, son of
Gilbert de Bosco (Wood), with the homages and services, reliefs
and escheats, rendering yearly to him and his heirs a pair of white
gloves, of the price of an halfpenny, at Christmas, yearly, for all
services -j^.

COIETY, COUNTY OF GLAMORGAN.

In the year 1666, the Earl of Leicester paid six shillings and
eight-pence, rent of ward and castle-guard silver, to Lord Windsor,
for his lordship of Coiety J.

FOULBECK, &c. COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Sir Roger de Hyngoldyeby held in Foulbeck, Hetham, Westby,
and Heryerby, three knight's fees, rendering yearly to the said
earl for Castle Ward thirty shiUings §.

* Ex Record. 13 Edw. VI. SiDns Rogerus de Hyngoldyeby tenet in

•)- From a MS, without date iu the hands Foulbect, Hetham, Westby, et Herierby,

of F. F. Foljamb, Esq. tria feoda militis redd', pro ward Castri xxxs.

J Ex MS. Supervis. capt. anno 1666, in from the same,
custod. authoris libri cui. tit. " Complete Eng-
lish Copyholder."

CAWSTON,

457

CAWSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

The whole town is antient demesne, and enjoys the privileges of
that tenure, as also those of the Duchy of Lancaster, of which thi^
manor is a member, and consequently within its liberty, but was
exempted from the jurisdiction of the duchy by John of Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster : in token whereof at this day a brazen gauntlet
(or hand) is still carried before the lord of the manor, or his steward
whenever they hold court here, on the same day, as the device
or rebus of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, who assigned all
the royalties to be held of him by the lords of the manor ; and
the plow coulter in the hand denotes the manor to be held in
free socage and not in capite, or by knighfs service. This I
take to be the real fact, though there are other accounts that say,
that this manor was held of the duchy, from its first erection, by
the service of being Champion to the Dukes of Lancaster, of which
olfice the gauntlet is a token, it being the very thing which every
one that challenges another to fight, according to the law of arms,
throws down, and if the challenged takes it up, the combat is
agreed on, and now the sending and accepting a glove (the
gauntlet being the iron glove of a suit of armour) is the way of
giving and accepting an honorable challenge

LITTLE CHARLTON, COUNTY OF KENT.

Daniel de Charleton possessed this manor in the reign of King
Edward 11. as did his descendant John de Charleton, in the
twentieth year of King Edward III. when he paid respective aid

* Bloroefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii. p. 538.

. 3 N for

458

for it, at the making the Black Prince a knight, as one knight's fee,
which he held of William de Leybourne *.

PLIMPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON,

The capital seal and barony of the Redversies, or de Ripariis,
how called Rivers. It was given to them by King Henry I. and
they had a castle here, of which many tenants held their lands
adjoining by a certain tenure, which the lawyers called Castle
Garde, because they were bound to defend it and repair the walls
of it when it was needful f.

STOKELYNCH-OSTRICER, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In the 14th Richard II. John Denbaud held at his death the
manor of Stokelynch-Ostricer, with the advowson of the church,
of the Earl of Huntington, as of his manor of Ilaselborough, by
the service of keeping a hawk (ostrum) every year, till it should
be completely fit for service. And when the said hawk should
be so fit, he was to convey it to the lord's manor-house, attended
by his wife, together with three boys, three horses, and three
greyhounds, and to stay there forty days at the lord's expence,
and to have the lady's second-best gown for his wife's work J.

ROWENHALLE, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Ralph Scales gave the Knights Templars one hundred and
sixty-two acres of arable, three of meadow, and five of pasture,
in Rowenhalle. And they had other lands here : the tenant of

* Hasted's Hist, of Kent; vol. ii. p. 419. t Collinson's Hist, and Antiq. of Somer-

•j- Magna Britannia; vol. i. p. 469. setshire, vol. iii. p. 115.

some

459

some of which was to ^t in lieu of all services. " Manducabit
pro omni servitio */'

CLIFTON, COUNTY OF WESTMORLAND.

In the 40th Edw. III. Gilbert de Engaine gives to William
Wybergh and JElianore his wife, a^ti the heirs of their bodies
lawfully begotten, his whole moiety of a moiety of the manor
of Clifton, in demesne and in services, with the services of free
tenants, and with the bondmen (cum nativis et eorum sequelis ^)
in the said mqiety pf the paoiety of the said ;mmor belonging,
where we may observe that the free tenants (liberi tenentes) were
not what are now called freeholders, as seised of a freehold estate,
in opposition to tenant right ; but only that they were not bondmen
or villains of the lord holding in drengage-j^

^ Et eorum sequelis. The retinue, and appurtenances to the goods
and chattels of villains, which were at the absolute disposal
of the lord. In former times, when any lord sold his villain, it
was said, " Dedi B. nativum meum cum tota sequela sua,"
which included all the villain's offspring. iParoch. Antiq. p, 316.
288. Jac. Law Di«t.

And in the 18th Hen. VIII. Thomas Wyborgh, Esq. held of
Henry Earl of Cumberland the manor of Clifton, by cornage^,
owino" also wardship, marriage, relief, and suit to the county court;
owino- also further, by the custom of the Castle of Burgham, twenty-
one quarters and a half of aats issuing out of tljie manor aforesaijj,
which custom is called Dringage J.
•1 See note under Heighingt^n, p. 379.

* Monast. Angl. vol. ii. pp. 526. 543, &c. f Burn's Hist, and Antiq. of Westmorland

^orant'^Hist. of Essex, vol. ii. p. 149. and Cumberland, vol. i. p. 417.

t Ibid. p. 418.

S N 2 THORPE,

460

tHORPE, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

The prior of Kyme, in the county of Lincoln, holds two caru-
cates of land in Thorpe, by the service of ten pounds of money
yearly, for aid to the sheriff^ *.

^ Auxilium vice-comitum. The aid or customary dues paid to the
sheriff for the better support of his office. Kennett, and see
note under Refhop, p. 358.

GRENDON, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

/ Amory de St. Amand held the manor of Grendon, in the county
of Bucks, and the advowson of the church of Beckley, in the
county of Oxford, by the petty serjeanty of furnishing the lord
of the honor with one bow of ebony and two arrows, yearly, or
sixteen pence in money f.

SAXBY BONDBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

Richard de Grey and Matilda de Seretaand and Geoffery Con-
stantyn, held the whole town of Saxby Bondby of William Solers,
for their service to cross over the sea with him, at his costs, into
Normandy, for forty days J.

* Prior de Kime, com. Line, tenet duas
carucatas terrae in Thorpe, per servitium xl
denariorum per annum, ad auxilium vice-co-
mitis. Mon. Aug. torn. ii. p. 245, a. Ken-
nett's Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. v. Auxilium,

t Gul. Dugd. MS. A. 1. p. 177. Kennett's
Paroch. Antiqs. p. 358.

J Ricardus de Grey et Matilda de Sere-
taand, et Galfridus Constantyn tenent totam
villam de Saxby Bondeby de Willielmo Solers,
pro servicio suo ad transfretand'. cum eo ad
custum suum in Normand. per xl dies. In-
quis. facta in Wapentagio de Walscroft. Halt.
MS. Brit. Mus. No. 3875, p. 83.

HORWOOD,

461

HORWOOD; COUNTY OF LANCASTER

John Bradshaw held one acre and a half of land, &c. in the
town of Horwood, of Sir Edward Trafford, knight, in socage, by
rendering one iron arrow to be paid yearly, and it was worth three
shillings and four-pence *.

NIEVETON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Richard Wrotham held of Roger Stawle two yard-lands 5f in
Nieveton, by the service of one white rod -j-.

^ Virgata terrse. See note on Nether Overton, p. 130.

MAGNA GATESDENE, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

Alan la Zouche held the manor of Great Gatesdene, with the
advowson of the same church, of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, as
of the inheritance of Alicia his wife, by the service of onie
knight's fee, and rendering one pair of gloves furred with grise§^
at Christmas J.

§§ See note on Lyndeby, p. 189.

* Johannes Bradshaw ten'. 1 aci'. et dim',
cum pertin'. in villa de Horwood, de Edw.
Trafford milite, in soc. per redd'. 1 sagitt.
ferrl annuatim solv. val, 3 s. 4 d. A° 2 Edw.VI,
Tenures, &c. co. Lancaster. Harl. MS.
Brit. Mus. No. 2085, p. 486.

t Ricardus de Wrotham tenuit de Rogero

Stawle, in Nieveton, ij virgat'. terr'. per serv'.

• unius albe virge. Ahridgm. Inc[ui». post

mortem, co. Somerset. Anno 35 Hen. III.
Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 4120, p. 2.

J Alanus la Zusche ten' . manerium de Magna
Gatesdene, cum advocac5ne eiusdem ecclesiae,
de Thoma Comite Lancastriae, ut de here-
ditate Alesias uxoris sue, per servicium unius
feodi milit'. et reddendo unum par ceroce-
tarum furretar' de griso, ad fin Natalis dni.
Inquis. p. m. Alani le Zuche. Anno 7 Edw. II.
Ibid. No. 6126, p. 10,

CRENDON,

462

CRENDON, COtJNtY OF BUCItS.

Robert, son of William Creuel of Crendon, holds one hundred
shillings of land there of the Earl of Pembroke, by the service of
one chap1(3t of roses at Christmas, and pays no escuage^l *•

5f Escuage. See note on Lighthorn, p, 313.

WILMINTON, COUNTY OF KENT.

Robert de Wilminton holds a serjeanty of the honor of Bologne
and Wilumton, which was worth yearly two marks, and he holds it
by the serjeanty of being cook of the Earl of Bologne -j-.

MIDLETON, COUNTY OF LANCASTER.

The prior of Norton held the town of Midleton by the service of
the fourth part of one knight's fee, and of finding one judger in
ihe court of Halton every fortnight '^..

BUDWORTH, ASHTON, i&c. COUNTY OF CHESTER.

John Sutton holds the towns of Budworth and A^hton, near
Budworth, two oxgangs of land in thiB town of Lower Tubbeley,
and a certain, parcel of the hamlet of Lith, with a third part of the
town of Higher Tubbeley, by the service of one knight's fee, and

* RobertuSjfiliusWillielmi Creuel, de Cren- tiam quod sit cocus com. Bononie, Temp,

don, tenet c solid, terreper servic'. unius ca- Regis Hen. III. Testa de Nevil. 'Harl. MS.

pelle de rosis ad Natal, nee dat scutag. Te- Brit. M us. No. 313, p. 10.

Bures CO. Bivcks tempore Regis Hen. IH. J Prior de Norton ten', vill. de Midleton

Harl. MS. Brit. Mus. No. 313, p. 44. per servic'. 4 partis feod. milit'. et per servic'.

■f Robertas de Wilminton tenet unam ser- inveniendi unum judicatorem in cur', de Halton

jantiam de honore Boun et Wilumton, et valet de quindina in quindina. Extenta Castri de

per annum ij marc, et tenet illam per serjan- Halton^ 2 Edw. HI. Ibid. No. 2115, p. lOQ.

463

by finding one judger§§ in the court of Halton every fortnight, for
his tenements in Bud worth; and for his other tenements he did
suit by afforciament ||§|1 *.

§§ Judger. See note on Hawardyn and Bosele, p. 229.

|j§|| Aiforciamentum curise. The calling of a court upon a solemn
and extraordinary occasion. Cowel's Interpreter. Afforcia-
mentum. A forcing or compelling to do something. Ainsworth's
Diet. Law Lat. sub. voce.

ELDRESFELD, COUNTY OF WORCESTER.

Richer de Eldresfeld holds one hide of land in Eldresfeld, of
the honor of Gloucester, of the gift of Robert Earl of Gloucester,
by the service of providing him with hose of scarlet on hi^ birth-
day -f..

RERY, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Geoffery de la Worthy holds one tenement, four acres of land andT
a half, and two gardens, (of Henry de la Pomeray) in Bery, render-
ing at Easter and Midsummer five shillings and nine-pence, and
one pound of wax and three capons, the price of the wax sixpence,
and of the capons one penny :|:.

* Johannes Sutton tenet villas de Bndworth ter'. in Eldresfeld, de honore Glouc'. de dono

et Ashton juxta Budworth, 2 bovat'. terr'. in Robert] com. per servicium serviendi in rubeis

villa de Tubbeley irjferiori et quandam parti- caligis die nat'. Testa de Nevil, p. 43.

cula'r. hamletti de Lith, et 3 partem villae de ;]; Galfridus de la Worthy tenet unum ten'.

Tubbeley superior, per servic'. 1 feod. mil. iiij ac's terre et dim', duo gardin' r'. ad Pasch'.

inveniend. unum judicatorem in curia de Hal- et ad nat'. bi'. Johannis Baptiste vs. ix den',

ton, de quiudena in qiiin'm pro ten', in Bud- j libram cere et iij capon', p't cere vi den',

worth, et pro alijs ten', suis facit sect', per p't capon', id. Extent', terrarum et ten',

afforciamentum. Extent, ut supra. , Henrici de la Pom 'ay in Bery, in com. De-

f RicherJHS de Eldresfeld tenet j hydam von, &,c. Ibid, p. 185.

■SECT.

464

SECT. V
Of Lands held by Villenage Tenure *.

BRAYLES, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

In King Edward the First's time, Adam Underwood held one
yard-land ^ in Brayles, in the county of Warwick, of William, Earl
of Warwick, paying therefore seven bushels of oats yearly and a
hen, and working for the lord, from Michaelmas till Lammas, every
other day, except Saturday, viz. at mowing, as long as that season
lasted, for which he was to have as much grass as he could carry
away with his scythe ; and at the end of hay-harvest, he and the rest
of his fellow mowers, to have the lord's best mutton, except one,
or sixteen-pence in money, with the best cheese, saving one, or
rsixpence in money, and the cheese-vat, wherein the cheese was
made, full of salt. From Lammas to Michaelmas, he was to work
two days in the week, and to come to the lord's reap with all his
household, except his wife and his shepherd, and to cut down one
land of corn, being quit of all other work for that day. That he
should likewise carry two cart loads and an half of the lord's hay,
and seven cart-loads of stones for three days, and gather nuts for
three days. And in case the lord kept his Christmas at his manor
of Brayles, to find three of his horses meat for three nights. That
he should plough thrice a-year, viz. six selions :|;§|;, and make three
quarters of malt for the lord, and pay for every hog he kept above
a year old a penny, and for every one under, a halfpenny. An^

*For the nature of the tenure in villenage, see latt. Tenures, hb. 2, cap. 11, and Coke's
Comment thereon.

lastly,

466

lastly, that he, and the rest of the tenants of this manor, should
give twelve marks yearly to the lord at Michaelmas, by way of
aid, and not marry their daughters, nor make their sons priests |lj.||,
without licence from the lord *.

^ Yard-land. The fourth part of an acre, in some places, is called
a yard-land, and half an acre is a selion, 9 Edw. III. 479. In
England the land was divided into hides, (usually taken for six
score acres) carucates and acres, and none of them are men-
tioned in Domesday. Virgates and seliones being uncertain,
according to the custom of the country. A. See notes under
Nether-Overton, p. 130, and under Badew, p. 143. E.

:f§t Selions. From the French seillon, ridges of land. A.

jj:|:|| Nor make their sons priests. Nee filios coronare. To give the
tonsure ; such as were admitted to holy orders had the upper
part of the head close shaven, sO that the lower parts of the
hair formed a circle, or croWn, about the middle of the head.
Hence, shaven and bald priest is frequent in old English
writers. A. This was an usual restraint of old in villenage
tenure, to the end the lord might not lose any of his villains, by
their entering into holy orders. Blount. See note under Cly-
raeslond, p. 467.

NEWBIGGING, COUNTY OF YORK.

The knights of St, John of Jerusalem in England, had at New-
bigging, thirteen oxgangs of land of assize held by these men.
Baldwin held one oxgang for two shillings and an half, and two
hens, and twenty eggs, and four days work f in autumn with one

^ .^ * Inquis. per H. Nott. tit. Brayles. Blount, '20.

3 o man,

466

man, to plough twice, to harrow twice, to mow once, to make hay
once, and when there should he occasion, to repair the mill-dam,
and draw or carry the mill-stones |;§:|: : and to wash sheep one day,
and another day to shear them. Bertram and Osbert, for one ox-
gkng of land, paid thirty-pence, and the aforesaid service, &c.
And it is to be known that all the cottagers ought to spread and
cock hay once, and to wash and shear the sheep, and repair the
mill-dam, as those which held an oxgang of land *.

% Precarias. Reap-days. Blount. Boon-days. A.

X^X Molas attrahere. I know not what molas attrahere should sig-
nify, unless to draw or carry mill-stones. Blount. What else
should it signify, but what the words properly mean ? A.

CLYMESLOND, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

A. B. A bondman or villain by birth ^§J sometime held one mes-
suage with the appurtenances, in Clymeslond in the county of
Cornwall, and answered for the same yearly, at four terms, two
shilHngs and four-pence, and a rent called berbiage§j§, at the
feast of St. Philip and James, of sixteen-pence : and did suit to
the court of the lord from three weeks to three weeks ; and was to
be reeve ^, decennier [*], and bedel ||jj, when he was chosen. And
when our lord the prince should come to Latinceston, he was to

* Apud Newbigging xiii bovatae assisse de mus et Osbeitus, pro una bovata xxxd. et

liiis homiiiibus ; Baulduinus una bovata, pro praedictum servitium, Stc. Et sciendum quod

II s. et dim. et ii gallinas, et xx ova, et qua- cotarii omnes debent faenum spargere et levare

tuor precarias in autumpno, cum i iiomine ; semel, et oves lavare, et tondere, et staguum ■

bis arrare, bis herciare, semel falcare, semel reparare, sicut illi qui teneut unam bovatam.

faenum levare, et cum opus fuerit stagnum re- Inquis. capt. anno 1 135. Mou. Angl. torn, iu

parare et molas attrahere, et oves, uno (una) p. 539. Blount, 24.
die levare, et altersi (allero) tondere. Bertra-

carry.

'46^

'fcarrj, as tyften as the lofdl pleased, one carriage of wood daily
from Clymeslond to Launceston, at his own charge. And his
youngest son who should be living at his death, was to have his
lands by a fine, which he was to make with the lord at his will :
^nd he was not to be removed from his lands for all his life-time.
He was not to send his son to school, nor marry his daughter
i^vithout the prince's licence, and when he died the lord was to
have all his chattels *.

X^X Nativus de stipite. This nativus de stipite was a villain or
bondman by stock or birth, and differed from nativus conveh-
tionarius, who was so by contract or covenant. Blount.

§-f I Berbiagii. For the meaning of berbiagii you mu«t consult
some learned Cornish man ; it seems to have been a certain rent,
but why so called, quaere, Blount. Berbiagium, from berbia,
corrupted from vervex, Fr. berbis (berbrees, berbets) or brebis,
a sheep, seems to imply some payment of money for liberty of
feeding sheep on the lord's ground. A. This is an ingenious
plausible conjecture, if it can but consist with the premises, viz.
one messuage with the appurtenances. P. See Calistoke, p.
469. E.

* A. B. Nativus de stipite quondam teniiit de Clymeslond usque Launceston, ad custum

unam inessuagium, cum pertin. in Clymeslond proprium. Et filius ejus, novissime natus,

in com. Cornubiae, et reispondet inde per annum quern reliquerit superstitem habebit terras

ad quatuor terminos lis. iv d. Et berbiagii ad suas, per finem quem fecerit, cum domino ad

festum Apostolor. Phillippi et Jacobi xvi d. voluntatem suani, et non amovebitur a terra

]Et faciei sectam ad cuiiam domini de tribus sua pro vita sua. Non mittet filium suum ad

septimanis in tres septimaflas, et erit prtepo- scholas, nee iiliam suam maritabit, sine licentift

situs, decennarius, et bedellus, cum electus principis: et cum obierit, dominus habebit

fuerit. Et cum dominus princeps in ierit apud omnia catalla sua. Antiq. supervis. Ducatus

Launceston cariabit, qudtieus dictus dominus Comubi*. Bloant, l07.
voluerit, uuum carriagium per diem' de bosco

3o2 In

468

In pages 250, 252 of Blount's Fragmenta (Beckwitb's edition,) the
nativi tenentes de Calistoke, and A. B. nativus de stipite ia
Clymeslond, in com. Cornub. are said to pay a certain rent,
called in the original Latin berbiagiam and berbiagii.

Concerning these words, Blount refers you to some learned Cornish
man to seek for their meaning, Beckwith suggests, that from
the French word berbis, a sheep, transposed into brebis, it
implies a rent or payment for liberty of feeding sheep on the
lord's ground.

This difficulty will possibly vanish upon making the following quo-
tations from Hals's History. Under the article Bodman, he
says, that " the jurisdiction and royalty over the river Alan,
from Camelford to Padstow-rock, was given to this prior (i. e. of
St. Pedyr, or Peter, in Bodmin) by Algar, Earl of Cornwall, in
right of the manor of Helston, in this hundred, excepting the right
of 'free fishine: to the tenants thereof. But since the dissolution
of this priory by King Henry VHI., this royalty is disjointed,
if not quite dismembered from it, and enjoyed by such in co-
partnership as are the now owners of its lands and revenues,
and by some others whose lands are contiguous with that river ;
though the now duchy tenants of the manor of Helston aforesaid,
still pay barbeagu, or barba-gue money (i. e. barbed spear
money) annually to the Duke of Cornwall, who is lord thereof,
for free fishing with salmon spears, for this sort of fishes^
therein "

Under the article Calstock, Hals'^ quotes the very tenure inserted

by Blount; and adds, that " barba-gue, barba-gyu, is in Cornish

a bearded or barbed spear, such as is commonly used for

kiUing salmons in the Tamer, and other rivers."

460

As Calstock and Olymeslohd are adjoining parishes, and both
situated on the river Tamer, I presume that the meaning of
berbiagiam is sufficiently ascertained *►

% Preepositus. Reve, or Greve. Germanice Grave. Sax. Gerefa.
The bailiff of a franchise or manor. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce
Reve. E.

[*■] Decennarius. A juryman of the leet, or sheriff's turn. For an
explanation of the veord, see Blount's Law Diet, sub voce
Deciners. E.

[Ill Bedellus. A cryei* or messenger of a court, an under-bailiff of
a manor, &c. See Blount's Law Diet, voce Bedel. E.

CALISTOKE, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

The native tenants, or villains, of Calistoke, in the county of Corn-
wall, paid yearly nineteen shillings of a certain rent called ber-
biage ^, at the Hokeday 1[§1|. -f

% Berbiagium. Why this rent was called berbiagium, I am to
^.f seek. Blount. But see berbiagii, p. 467. E. j^N »<

lllll It was payable at Hokeday, of which there were two, viz. Mon-
day and Tuesday se'nnight after Easter week ; but I think Tues-
day was the chief Hokeday, which day was long celebrated here
in England, in memory of the expulsion of the domineering
Danes. Blount, Rather Easter Tuesday, from this following
quotation, viz. " King Hardeknute, on the third day after Easter,

* Gent. Mag. July, 1790, p. 608. ditu vocata berbiagiam, ad le Hojceday. Ibid.

+ Nativi tenentes de Calistoke, in com. Blount^ 133.
Cornubiae, reddunt per annum de certo red-

! 1 suddenly

470

' suddenly died, to the great joy of all England, in sign of which,
even to this time, on that day, commonly called Hoxtuisday,
they play in the towns, drawing ropes, with other jests *." A.
Speed, in his life of Hardiknute, says, that, " in a solemne
assembly and banquet at Lambeth, the 8th of June, revelling
and carousing amidst his cups, he sodainly fell downe without
speech or breath, ever since (which) the day of his death is an-
nually celebrated, among the common people, with open pas-
times in the streets, which time is now called Hoctide, or
Hucxtide, signifying a time of scorning," &c. Speed's Chron.

' 415, citing Simeon Dun. Matth.West. and Lambard's Peramb. in
Sandwich. E. The quotations from Ross and Speed do not at all
accord, for Easter Tuesday and the 8th of June cannot possibly
be the same season. It appears to be a moveable day ; however,

' it* was an usual day of payment. Spelm. Gloss, p. 294, and
Cowell's Interpreter. P.

TACHEBROKE, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

■ Roger de Wellesburae held the moiety of one hide of land in
Tachebroke, in the county of Warwick, and was to come, at the
great reap-day^ in autumn, with all his reapers, and to be at the
lord's diet %^X twice a day -f-.
f Magna precaria, is a general reap day, in some places called a

love-reap. Blount.
.^§|. Ad puturara domini. At the lord's diet for two meals. Blount.

* Rex Hardeknutus, feriatertia post Pascha, f Roger de Wellesburne tenuit medietatem

subito obiit, in totitts Ai^rae maxtmum gua- iinms hidte terras in Tachebroke, in comitatu

djuni : in cujus signiim, usque hodie, ilia die, Warwici, et veniet ad magnam precariam in

Vulo'ariter dicta Hoxtuisday; ludunt in villis, autumno, cum omnibus messoribus suis ad

trahendo cordas partialiter, cum aliis jocis, puturam domini bis in die. Lib. niger Lich-

Ex Hist. J.Rossi-Warwicens. A. feldiae. Blount, 110.

APELDERHAM,

471

i v>! K ApelDERHAM, county of SUSSEX.

John Aylemer holds, by court roll, one messuage and one yard-
land, &c. in Apelderham, in the county of Sussex, and ought to
findv a man with a horse to harrow one day every week at each seed
time in winter and lent [*], whilst there should be any thing to har-
row [_-Y] in the lord's land : and he who was to harrow was to receive
every day a repast, viz. bread, pottage, companage [.|.], and drink
of the price of one penny; and, for every horse harrowing, he was
to have every day as many oats as he could carry between his twa
hands. And also he ought to come every year at two plough-days [§J,
with his plough, if he had a whole plough, or with such part as he
had, if he had not a whole plough, and then he ought to plough
every day as much as he could from morning to noon ; and both [||]
(viz. the holder of the plough and the driver) were to have a solemn
repast on each of the said plough-days [§]. And he ought to find at
three reap-days in autumn, every day, two men, and was to have,
for each of the said men, on every of such reap-days, viz. on eadh
of the two first days, one loaf, of wheal and barley mixed, weigliing
eighteen pounds of waxf , every loaf to be of the price of a penny ^
farthing; and at the third reap^day, each man was to have a loaf,
of the same weight, all of wheat, of the price of a penny half-
penny ; and the said two men were to have jointly, at which of the ,
said three reap-days they would, pottage, and a dish of flesh meat,-

without drink, of the price of one penny *.

[*] Semen; ,

♦Johannes Aylemer tenet per Irrotulamen- ad herciandum qualibet septimana per unum
turn Curiae unum raessuagium et unam virgatam diem ad utrumque semen yemale et quadragesi-
terrffi, &c. in Apelderham, in com. Sussex, et male, dum aliquid fuerit ad herciandum in terra
debet jnvenire unum hominem, cum uno equo domini. Et ille qui herciat ^uolibet die recipiet

unum.

472

[*] Semen yemale et quadragesimale. Winter seedness and lent
seedness. Blount.

[t] Ad herciandum. To harrow. Blount.

[X] Companagium. Bread and meat, or quicquid eibi cnm pane
sumitur, (whatsoever meat is eaten with bread.) Blount.

[§] Precarias carucae. Work-days of the plough. Blount. Boon-
days. A.

DO Uterque tentor. I suppose uterque tentor, &c. may signify
(how properly I will not determine) both the man that held the
plough, and he that drove it, who were to have a solemn repast.
Blount. The original should be pointed thiis,^et uterque, tentor,
viz. carucae, et fugator, and then the version will be plain, thus,
and both, viz. the holder of the plough and the driver. P.

f Pounds of wax. This is very singular. Was wax weighed by a
particular weight? One would suppose so. It was an article
"♦ then of great traffic. P.

unum repastum, viz. panem, potagium, com-
panagium, etpotem precii i d. et quilibetequus
hercians babebit quaiibet die tantum de aveuis
sicut capi potest inter duas manus, et etiam
debet venire quolibet anno ad duas precarias
carucae cum caruca sua, si habeat iiitegram
carucam, vel de parte quam habet carucae, si
carucam non habeat integram, et tunc arare
debet utroque die quantum potest a mane ad
meridiem, et uterque, tentor, viz. carucae, et
fugator habebunt unum pastum solempnem
utroque die predictarum precariaruni. Et de-
bet invenire ad Ires precarias in autumpno

quolibet die duos homines, et habebit uterque
dictorum hominem ad utrumque diem precari-
arum, primus (prime) unum panem utroque
die de frumento et ordeo mixto, qui pondera-
bit XVI II libras cerae, pretium cujuslibet panis
] d. q. Et ad tertiam precariam habebit
uterque homo unum panem praedicti pouderis,
totum de frumento, prec. I d. ob. et habebunt
praedicti duo homines conjunctini, ad quanili-
bet de praedictis tribus precariis, potagium
et ferculum de carne, sine potu, prec. i d.
Consuetudinar. Monast. de Bello. Blount,
123.

SUTTON-

473

StTTON-COURTENAY, COUNTY OF BERKS.

Richard de Harrecurt gave and granted to William de Sutton,
for his homage and service, all that virgate of land in Sutton, with
one messuage, and the appurtenances : but the said William and his
heirs were to plough one selion of land at winter seed time f , and one
selion at lent seed time ^X% and one selion at fallow f *f , and to weed
for one day with one man, and to mow for one day with one man in
summer ||§||, and they were to find one man to make hay, and to
carry the said hay with one cart, until it was all fully carried to the
court of Sutton, (which was their lord's house) : and they were to
find one man to make cocks, or ricks of hay [*], till they were fi-
nished; and to do four days work in autumn, with two men,
the three first days at their own diet, and the fourth at their
lord's ; and to carry corn for one day with one cart, and to find
one man for one day to make mows [-f] in the grange, or
barn, &c. *

^ Yevernagium. Winter seedness. Blount. See semen yemale, in
p. 472.

* Sciant praesentes et futuri^ quod ego prata cum uua carecta, quousque cariata sint

Kicardus de Harrecurt dedi et concessi Willi- pleuarie iu curiam de Sutton, et irivenient

elmo de Sutton pro homagio et servitio sue, unum hominem ad faciendum muilones foeni

totam illam virgatam terras in Sutton, cum quousque perticiantur, et facient quatuor pre-

uno messuagio et pertin'. Dictus vero Wil- cariais autumpnales cum duobus hominibus,

lielmus et haredes sui arabunt unam seilonem scil. tres ad cibum illorum proprium et quar-

ad yevernagium, et unum seylonem ad semen tam ad cibum domini, et cariabunt bladum

quadragesimale, et unum seylonem ad warec- • per unum diem cum una carecta, et invenient

tam, et sarclabunt per unum diem cum uno unum hominem per unum diem ad faciendum

homine, et falcabunt cum uno homine per meyas in grangia. Htec omnia Servitia, &c.

unum diem in esteia. Et invenient unum ho- Hiis Testibus. Ex ipso Autographo, penes

minem ad levandum prata, et cariabunt dicta Tho. Wollascot, Arm. Blount, 130.

3 p §!-§ Quadragesimale.

474

§|.§ Quadrag-esimale. Lent seedness. Blount, See p. 472.

t*t Warectani. Fallow. See Ainsw. Diet, of Law Lat. E. See
p. 148, Warrocks, or ploughman, one who lays down in
fallow. W.

\m\ Esteia. Summer, for so I thinli^ is meant by esteia, from aestate,
though I have not elsewhere met with the word. Blount. Not
directly from sestate, as Blount supposes, but Fr. Este. P.

[*] Mullones Foeni. Cocks or ricks of hay. Blount.

[f ] Meyas. Moughs or Meys. Blount. See Ainsw. Diet, of Law
Lat.

WORTHYNBURY, COUNTY OF FLINT.

Richard de Penelesdon (Pulesdon) holds lands and tenements in
Worthynbury, in the parts of 3Iailer Says-nec, in the county of
Flint, which are held of our lord the king by certain services, and
by ammobragium ^, which extended to five shillings, when it hap-
pened, as by the inquisition, &c. *

^ Ammobragium. A pecuniary acknowledgment paid by the te-
nants to the king, or vassals to their lord, for liberty of marrying
or not marrying. Thus Gilbert de Maisnil gave ten marks of silver
to Henry III. for leave to take a wife, and Cecily, widow of Hugh
Pevere, that she might marry whom she pleased -}:-. It is strange
that this servile custom should be retained so long. It is pre-
tended that the amobyr among the Welsh, the lyre-wite among

* Ricardus de Pynelesdon tenet terras et te- bragium, quod ad quinque solidos extenditur

iiementa in Worthynbury, in partibus de ^lailer cum acciderit, sicut per Iij4''*sitionem, &c.

Says-nec, in com. Flint, quae tenentur de do- Pat. 7 Edw. II. p. 2. m. 7. intus. Blount, 7.
mino Rege per cert^ servitia, et per ammo- t Madox's Excheq. I, 456. 6.

the

4T5

the Saxons, and the mercheta mulierum among the Sdots, were
fines paid by the vassal to the superior, to buy off his right to the
first night's lodging with the bride of the person who he'ld from
him : but I beliove there never was any European nation (in the
periods this custom is pretended to exist) so barbarous as to
admit it. It is true that the power above cited was introduced
into England by the Normans out of their own country. The
amobyr, or rather gobr merch, was a British custom of great
antiquity, paid either for violating the chastity of a virgin, or for
the marriage of a vassal, and signifies the price of a virgin *.
The Welsh Laws, so far from encouraging adultery, checked,
by severe fines, even unbecoming liberties f. The amobyr was
intended as a preservative against lewdness. If a virgin was
deflowered, the seducer, or, in his stead, her father, paid the
fine. There is one species so singular as to merit mention : if
a wife proved unfaithful to her husband's bed, the poor cuckold
was obliged to pay his superior five shillings as long as he did
cydgysgu, i. e. sleep with her ; but if he forbore cohabiting with
her, and she cydgysgu'd with her gallant, the fine fell on the
offending fair. To cuckold the prince was expiated at a very
high rate J; the offender was fined in a gold cup and cover as
broad as his majesty's face, and as thick as a ploughman's nail
who had ploughed nine years, and a rod of gold as tall as the
king, and as thick as his little finger ; a hundred cows for every
cantref he ruled over, with a white bull with different coloured
ears to every hundred cows.

The recompence to a virgin, who had been seduced, is very

;: , : . ;

* Leges Wallicae, 92, et Glossar. 554. % Leges Wallicae, 199.

"t*- Leges Wallicae, 78.

3 p 2 singular:

476

singular : on complaint made that she was deserted by her lover,
it was ordered by the court, that she was to lay hold of the tail
of a bull of three years old, introduced through a wicker-door,
and shaven and well greased. Two men were to goad the beast :
if she could, by dint of strength, retain the bull, she was to have
it by way of satisfaction ; if not, she got nothing but the grease
that remained in her hands *.

It is singular, that the ancient Britons should make so light of
the crime intended, when one nation of our Celtic ancestors,
the Germans, (but quaere whether the Germans were Celtse) in-
flicted the most cruel punishment on the female offender at
least -i-. ,

The Saxons had their lyre-wyte, or lecher-wyte, for the same end
that the Welsh had their amobyr. The crime is mentioned
often in the Saxon laws % '• once with a cruel penalty denounced
against the offender ; and a second time, with a strong dehorta-
tion from the commission.

In general the crime was expiated with money, according to
the deoree of the person injured. The Indians at this time
commute in certain degrees of offence ; but oftener punish it
with burning, and other excruciating deaths §.

THURGARTON AND HORSEPOLL, COUNTY OF

NOTTINGHAM.

The tenants of these manors held their lands by these customs

* Leges Wallicae, 82. * § Gentoo Laws, 268, Sic. I^ennant's Tour

+ Tacit, de Mor. Germ. in Wales, 1773, pp. 221, 454, &c.

:!; Leges Sax. 40, 132.

and

477

and services. Evei*y native, or villain, (which were such as we now
call husbandmen) paid each a cock and a hen, besides a small rent
in money, for a toft and one bovate of land, held of the priory of
Thurgarton. These cocks and hens were paid the second day in
Christmas, and that day, every one, both cottagers and natives,
dined in the hall, and those who did not, had a white loaf and a
flagon of ale, with one messe from the kitchen. Every villain gave
a halfpenny towards cleansing the mill-dam. The freeholders were
bound to tribus arruris (three plough-days) for the lord with one
plough, which were then valued at twelve-pence, and likewise three
days work in harvest, the first day with one man, the second day
with two, and the third day with five workmen, and one of them-
selves in person, and every day to have their refection. The na-
tives were likewise bound to give three plough-days each, and every
plough was to be allowed four boon loaves, and to harrow three
days, and every harrower was allowed a brown loaf, and two her-
rings a day. Likewise all the natives and cottagers were to reap
every other day in harvest ; the first day every two were to have one
brown loaf and two toillects ^, the second day two brown loaves
and one toillect, and afterwards every two men to have every day
three brown loaves ; and on the day of the great bidrepe J||, which
>vas called the prior's boon, every native was to find three workmen,
and the cottager one. Every of the said natives were to make carriage
from the foreign granges thrice a year, each with one horse, and
evervtime to have a miche|l*l[, or white loaf; and all the reapers in
harvest, which were called hallewiraen [.j^], were to eat in the haU
one day in Christmas, or afterwards, at the discretion of the cel-
lerer ^. Likewise every naif Jl, or she villain, that took a husband,
or committed fornication, paid merchet ^§, for redemption of hea*
blood, five shillings and four-pence, and the daughter of a cottager

paid

478

paid but half a merchet. And every native paid for paunage of
every swine in the park, three-pence, &c. *

% Toillects. These must be something to eat, perhaps tripes for
V. Cotgrave, voce Toile. P.

J§:|: Bidrepe. See note under Hildsley, p. 415.

11*11 Miche. A loaf. Fr.

52 Hen. III. Michia idem est quod mica, et Gallicum xjne miche,
panis nempe parvulus sive ut nos Angli, a manchet.—
Hearne's Lib. Nig. Scacc. Oxf. 1728, vol. ii. pp. 654, 655.

[X] Hallewimen. I conjectured that these might be holy women.
So called because they worked for the priory or religious house
of Thurgarton. For such persons within the bishopric of Dur-
ham as held their lands by the service of defending the corpse
of St Cutbbert, were called Halywercfolk, and claimed the
privilege of not being forced to go out of the bishopric, either by
the king or bishop. Hist of Dunelm. apud Whartoni Ang. Sac.
par. I. p. 749. Jac Law Diet, sub voce Halywercfolk. But the
learned Mr. Pegge says this can have nothing to do with women;
as he thinks the word should be divided Hallewi-men, so called
either from leaving their harvest work at All-saints, i. e. All-
Hallows, or rather perhaps from being entitled to the Christmas
entertainment in the hall of the priory.

^ Cellerer. Was an office in a monastery, who kept and delivered
out the victuals, &c. to the friars or monks (qui fratrum sti-

* Reg. Priorat. de Thurgarton, cited by Dr. Thoroton in his Antiq. of Nottinghamshire.
Blount, 142.

pendia

479

pendta servat et administrat.) MS. Blount's Law Diet, voce
Celerarius.

tt Naif. Nativa. A bond- woman or she-villain. Blount's Law Diet,
voc. Neif.'

§§ Merchet. The same as Ammobragium. See p. 474.

FISKERTON and MORETON, COUNTY OF
NOTTINGHAM.

The custom was here for the natives and cottagers to plough and
harrow for the lord, and to work one boon-day for him every week
in harvest, when every two workmen had three boon-loaves with
companage [*] allowed them. Each customary tenant in Fiskerton
and Moreton, one day in the year found a man to cleanse the dam
of Fiskerton Mill. If any ale-wife brewed ale to sell, (si quis
braciatrix braciaverit cerevisiam) she was bound to satisfy the
lord for Tolsester ^. If any native or cottager sold a male young-
ling after it was weaned, he paid four-pence to the lord as a fine;
or killed a swine above a year old, he paid the lord one penny,
which was called Thistletac §§i Every she-native that married, or
committed fornication, paid for redemption of her blood (pro
redemptione sanguinis) five shillings and four-pence to the lord,
which was in lieu of merchetta mulierum J§^ *.

[*] Companage. See note under Apelderham, p. 472.

€ Tolsester. A fine for licence to brew. A. See Blount's Law
Diet, in verbo. E.

^§^ Thistletac. See Jac. Law Diet, in verbo. But quaere, whether
he be not in an error respecting this word ; and further, quaere,

* Reg. Priorat. de Thurgarton. Blount, 153.

what

480

what is the meaning of it. Mr. Pegge conjectures that the word
is mis-read for Thristletac, and that it means the bringing of the
swine to the threstle, whereon it was to be laid when killed.

$§| Merchetta Mulierum. Whether from mark, a horse in the
old Gallique, (implying the obscene signification of equitare)
as Mr. Selden thinks, or from marca, the sum of money by
which it was afterwards commonly redeemed, I cannot deter-
mine. Blount. More likely the latter ; but see Ammobragium,
p. 474, and Mercheta, p. 483, E.

EAST AND WEST ENBORNE, COUNTY OF BERKS.

The manors of East and West Enborne, in the county of Berks,
have this custom; that if a copyhold tenant die, the widow shall
have her free-bench ^ in all his copyhold lands, whilst she con-
tinues sole and chaste (dura sola et casta fuerit) ; but if she
commits incontinency, she forfeits her widow's estate ; yet, after
this, if she comes into the next court held for the manor, riding
backward upon a black ram, with his tail in her hand, and says
the words following, the steward is bound by the custom to re-
admit her to her free-bench.

" Here I am,

" Riding upon a black ram,

" Like a whore as I am ;

" And for my crincum crancum,

" Have lost my bincum bancum;

" And for my tail's game,

" Am brought to this worldly shame,

" Therefore, good Mr. Steward, let me have my lands again*."

* Blount, 144.

f Free-

481

f Free-bench (franc-bank, francus bancus, i. e. sedes libera), is
that estate in copyhold lands, which the wife, being espoused
a virgin, hath, after the death of her husband, for her dower,
according to the custom of the manor, &c. See Blount's Law
Diet. tit. Free-bench.

TORRE, COUNTY OF DEVON.

There is the like custom in this manor, and other parts of the
west *.

ORLETON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

At Orleton, in the county of Hereford, the relict of a copyhold
tenant is admitted to her free-bench, that is, to all her husband's
copyhold lands, during her life, the next court after her husband's
death -f-.

KILMERSDON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

At Kilmersdon, in Somersetshire, by the custom of the manor,
the wife has widow's estate, which she loseth if she marries, or is
found incontinent; but to redeem this last, if she come into the
next court, riding astride upon a ram, and in open court do say
to the lord, if he be present, or to his steward, these words,

" For mine a — e's fault take I this pain,

" Therefore, my lord, give me my land again,"

She is by the custom to be restored to it, without further fine,
doing this penance %.

* Blount, 144. X MS. penes Sam. Roper, arm. Blount^

t Blount's Law Diet, tit. Free-bench, 149. Leland's Itiq. vol. iii. p, 106.

3 Q BRUG,

482

BRUG, OR BURG, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Be it known, that when any customary tenant of the manor of
Burg, in the county of Salop, dies, the bishop is to have his best
beast, all his swine, bees, whole bacon, a young cock, a whole
piece of cloth, a brass pan, a rundlet ]:§.|: of ale, if it be full. And
if he marries his daughter out of the fee, he was to give three
shillings. Also he was to give for every lierwyte^, two shil-
lings *.

X^X Tenella, or tonella cervisiae, is a little tun, tub, or rundlet of
ale. Blount.

f Lierwyte, or lairwyte (from the Saxon la^an, concubere, to lie
together, and wite mulcta, a fine) signifies a fine, or mulct, by
the custom of some manors imposed upon offenders in adultery
or fornication, and due to the lord of the manor. Blount. See
Ammobragiura, p. 474, and Merchetta Mulierum, p. 480, and
Oras, in the next page. E.

BERK-HOLT, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

The men of Berk-holt, in the county of Suffolk, say, that in the
time of King Henry, grandfather of our lord the present King,
(Henry IH.) they used to have this custom ; that when they would
marry their daughters, they used to give to the lord for licence
so to do, two Ores [*], which were worth thirty-two pence -f*.

[*] Oras.

* Sciendum est, quod quando aliquis custo- quaudo maritabit filiam extra feodum, dabit

marius manerii de Burg, in comitatu Salop, tres solidos ; dabit etiam pro qualibet lier-

moritur, episcopus habebit melius averium, wyte ii s. Liber ruber Castri Episcopi.

omnes porcos, apes, baconem integrum, pul- Blount, 145.

lum masculum, pannum integrum, ollam f Homines de Berk-holt, in com. Suffolk,

ienam, tenellam cervisiae, gi sit plena. £t dicunt quod tempore Regis Henrici, avi

domini

483

{*] Oras. Here these ores (which were Saxon coins) are declared
to be in value of our money, sixteen-pence a-piece ; but after,
by the variation of the standard, they valued twenty-pence
a-piece. And this fine for the tenant's marrying their daugh-
ters (pro filiabus suis maritandis) was, without doubt, in lieu
of the mercheta§§ mulierum, or first night's lodging with the
bride, which the lord anciently claimed in some manors.
Blount.

|§ Mercheta (of the Scottish feuds in particular), is certainly
British. This term, which has given occasion to that fiction
of folly in the best histories of Scotland, that the lord had a
privilege to sleep with the bride of his vassal, on her wedding
night ; which has been explained by derivations equally obscene
and stupid, is apparently nothing more than the merch-ed of
Howel-Dha, the daughter-hood, or the fine for the marriage of
a daughter. Whitaker's Hist, of Manchester, lib. ]. cap. 8,
sect. 3. p. 265.

In Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 221, it is stated (under
the article Wretton), that in the 24th Hen. III., there was a
suit carried on by the prior of Shouldham, whose manor of
Caversham extended therein, the prior claiming merchettam
(for a marriage) from William de la Ferte of this town, who,
proving himself a freeman and no villan, was acquitted. Blome-
field explains merchetta to be the fine of a mark, paid to be
free from a savage custom in many manors, for the lord to lie
the first night with the bride of his tenant.

domini Regis nunc, solebant habere talem filiabus suis maritandis duas oras, qua; valent
consuetudinem, quod quando maritare vole- xxxii denarios. Plac. coram. Rege. Mich,
bant filias suas, solebant dare (domino) pro 37 Hen. Ill, Rot. 4. Blount^ 159.

3 Q 2 Many

484

Many estates in the manor of Great Tey, in the county of Essex,
were subject to the mercheta mulierum, which custom has
commonly been supposed to be a right which the lord had
of passing the first night after marriage with his female villan.
*' The best historians," says Mr. Astle *, " as well as several
foreign authors, have given many marvellous particulars con-
cerning this custom ; but, on diligent enquiry, I am of opinion,
that this kind of intercourse between the lord and his female
villain never existed. I am persuaded the mercheta was a
compact between the lord of the manor and his villan, for
the redemption of an offence committed by the unmarried
daughter of his vassal ; but more generally it was a fine paid
by a sokeman, or a villan, to his lord, for a licence to marry
his daughter ; and if the vassal gave her away without ob-
taining such licence, he was liable to pay a fine. The probable
reason of the custom appears to have been this. Persons of
low rank residing on an estate, were generally either ascripti
glebse, or were subjected to some species of service similar
to the ascripti glebse ; the tenants were bound to reside on
the estate, and to perform several services to the lord. As
women necessarily followed the residences of their husbands,
the consequence was, that when a woman of low rank married
a stranger, the lord was deprived of part of his live stock ;
he therefore required a fine to indemnify him for the loss of
his property. In process of time, this composition was thrown
into the aggregate sum of quit rents, as appears by an ancient
survey of this manor."

* Illustrations of the Tenures and Customs and Britton's Beauties of England and Wales,
of this Manor, by Mr. Ast4e ; printed in the vol. v. pp. 338-9,
Arcbaeologia, vol. xii. pp. 25. 40, Brayley

HECHAM,

485

HECHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In the soke of Hecham, in the county of Norfolk, are twenty-
four husbandmen ^, the custom of whom it is, that every one of
them ought to work from Michaelmas to autumn, every week for
one day, either with a fork, or with a spade J§t, or a flail §§, at the
pleasure of the lord, with a corredy at noon [*], and one loaf at
evening ; or if this work was dispensed with, every one of them
was to give in lieu of it sixpence *.

^ Lancetse. The learned Spelman says, these lancetse were hus-
bandmen ; but of an unknown sort (agricolse qusedam, sed
ignotse speciei). Gloss. Blount.

Jll Besca. A spade or spittle, from the French bescher, to dig or
delve. Blount.

§§ Flagellum. A flail. Blount.

[*] Cum corredio ad nonam, signifies meat and drink, or dinner,
at noon. Blount. Corrodium, or corredium. A corody, was a
sum of money, or allowance of meat, drink, and cloathing, due
to the king from an abbey or other house of religion, whereof
he was founder, towards the reasonable sustenance of such an
one of his servants or vadelets, as he thought good to bestow
it on. Blount's Law Diet, tit, Corody. E. And was granted
very commonly to subjects, as well as to the king. P.

* In soca de Hecham, in comitatu Nor- domini, cum corredio ad nonam, et unp pane

folk, sunt xxiv lancetae ; consuetudo eorum ad vesperam, vel si eis remittitur hoc opus,

est, ut unusquisque eorum debet ©perari a quisque eorum dabit pro hoc opere sex de

Sancto Michaele usque ad autumpnum una- narios. Customar. Prior Lewensis., Blount,

quaque !:ebdomada per unam diem, sive cum 146.
furca, sive cum besca, vel flagello, ad libitum

BOSBURY,

486

BOSBURY, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

W. M. holds nine acres of customary land in Bosbury, in the
county of Hereford, and a certain water-mill, at the will of the
lord, and owes certain customs, viz. tak ^, and toll [*], and
faldfey X^X, and to buy his blood |1§I1 *.

f Tak. A tax. See Madox, Formul. p. 188, and Du Fresne voce
Tac, and Tacus. P.

Tak, or tack, in Scotland, is applied to an annual payment or
lease, so that tak means a certain annual sum for right to the
use of the mill, and a toll, a certain rate or duty, when the right
is at any time exercised. W.

[*] Toll. A tribute or custom paid for passing, buying, selling, &c.
Blounf s Law Diet, in verbo.

t^X Faldfey. I suppose this faldfey may signify a fee or rent
paid by the tenant to his lord, for leave to fold his sheep on his
own ground. Blount.

jj^lt Sanguinem suum emere. I suppose by this was meant that the
tenant, being a bond-man, should buy out his villanous blood,
and make himself a freeman. Blount.

HONINGTON, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

The tenants of the manor of Honington, in the county of War-
wick, were by antient custom to perform several services to the
lord, every other day, from Midsummer to Michaelmas. To pay

* W. M. tenet novem acras terrae custo- mini, et debet quasdam consuetudines, viz. tak
mariae in Bosbury in com. Heref. et quoddam et toll, et faldfey, et sanguinem suum emere.
molendinum aquaticum ad voluutatem do- LibernigerHeref. fo. 138. Blount, 155.

six

487

six shillings and eight-pence yearly for maintenance of the lord's
corn cart, and none of them to sell his horse-colt without Ucence
from the lord *

HAMPTON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

The tenants at Hampton-Bishop, in the county of Hereford, were
to get yearly six horse loads (summas f ) of rods or watdes, in the
**^y +§+ wood near Hereford, and bring them to Hereford, to make
booths [Jll at the fair, when they should be required; and for every
load (summa) of the said rods, they were to be allowed a halfpenny
at the fairs -j^.

f Summas virgarum. Horse loads of rods, or wattles. Blount.
See Summa Avense, note under Felstede, p. 137.

:[.§$ Hayajuxta Hereford. See p. 242.

IIJI Cletas. Booths. A. Hurdles to pen sheep in at the fair. For
Cleta I suppose is made a Latin word from the French word
claye, which signifies a hurdle or watUed gate. Blount. I think
I have heard these hurdles called clares in some country, for
they have many and very different names. P.

This tenure, I conjecture, relates to one particular fair only, and
not to all the fairs held at Hereford. The word nundinee is in-
deed in the plural number; but as it has no singular number, it
is from thence that the uncertainty arises. The fair, which I sup-
pose the tenure concerns, begins on the 19th of May, and, from

* Inquis. per H. Nott. Blount, ]60. nundinarum faciendas, quando fuerint requisiti,

•|- Terientes de Hampton episcopi in com. et pro qualibet summa dictarum virgarum

Hereford, debent quaerere annuatim sex sum- allocabitur eis obalum de nundinis. Lib^ nig.

mas virgarum, apud boscum de Haya juxta Heref. Blount, 160.

Hereford, et apportare ad Hereford ad cletas

its

488

its continuing nine days, is called the nine-day fair. From time
immemorial, this fair is proclaimed with certain formalities, by
the bishop of Hereford's bailiff, or his deputy, and the tolls of
the fair belong to one or both of these officers. During the
continuance of the fair, the bishop's bailiff supersedes the mayor
of Hereford, and is the acting magistrate. The fair also is not
held in the usual place, but in a street before the bishop's
palace. The bishop of Hereford has likewise had, at all times,
an intimate connexion with the parish of Hampton-Bishop, (as
may be insinuated from its ns^me) being the patron of the
rectory, and keeping in repair a large embankment of the river
Wye. He is, I believe, paramount lord over the greatest part, if
not the whole, of the parish.

These are my grounds for supposing the nine-days fair only to
be alluded to in the foregoing tenure : and could it be made
to appear that the hay wood had ever any dependance on the
bishop of Hereford, my conjecture would be more strongly
supported.

This tenure may properly enough use the plural of fair, and yet
apply (as it seems certainly to do) only to one fair, because
the tenure looks forward to an annual fair, and consequently
provides for the service to be performed at all the nine-day
fairs thereafter. W.

Mr. Kelham, in his Domesday Book illustrated, to " heimaris," in
the collection of difficult passages explained, adds a note, ex-
pressive of his inability to understand the words, " lector tu tibi
Oedipus esto."

Without

489

Without aiming at a claim to the skill of an Oedipus, I beg leave
to offer an explanation of the term : the passage as quoted is,
" medietas unius heimaris et quarta pars alterius medietatis
" tunc reddebant 20 mill, alletium, modo 25 mill/' I have no
copy of Domesday to consult, but suppose that the quotation
occurs in the account of some county on the coast, possibly
Suffolk, as St. Edmund is mentioned as having the soc and sac.
I take the meaning therefore, of the word to be a w^ear or dam,
or some kind of inclosure of the sea, or else some species of
net for the taking of sea fish ; and that the word is compounded
of haia or heia, and mare *.

BATTLE-ABBEY, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

The customary tenants of this manor were to mow, spread, turn,
cock, carry to the manor of the lord, and pitch to the stack [*], one
acre of meadow, of the meadow of the lord. They ought also to
find, throughout all autumn, one man to stack the corn of the lord
in the said manor, whilst any of the lord's corn shall remain to be
stacked -f-.

[*] Ad tassum furcare. To pitch to the mough. Blount.

STONELEY, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

In the manor of Stoneley in the county of Warwick, there were

* Gent. Mag. January, 1791, p. 31. num unum hominem ad tassandum blada do-

•f- Tenentes debent falcare, spergere, vertere, mini in dicto manerio, diinii blada domini ibi-

cumulare, cariare in maneriiim domini, et ad dem tassanda fuerint. Customar. de Bello iu

tassum furcare unara acram prati, de prato com, Sussex. Blount, 164.
domini : et iovtnient etiam per totam autump-

3 R antiently

490

antiently four bondmen, whereof each held one messuage, and one
quartron of land f , by the service of making the gallows, and
hanging the thieves. Each of which bondmen was to wear a red
clout betwixt his shoulders, upon his upper garment; to plough,
reap, make the lord's malt, and do other servile work *.

Sir Edward Coke says the worst tenure he has heard of is to
hold lands to be ultor sceleratorum condemnatorum, ut alios sus-
pendio, alios menibrorum detruncatione, vel aliis modis juxta quan-
titatem perpetrati sceleris puniat, that is, to be a hangman or exe-
cutioner, &c. -f*

% Quaere if a quartron of land was not the same as a ferdell, far-
dingdeal, or ferundell of land, that is, the fourth part of a
yard-land. See pp. 130, 144, 216.

THE MANOR antiently called BUTLERS, alias HERE-
WARDS, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In 1256 there was a long suit between Nicholas de Pincerna,
who assumed the name of Stalham, and William son of Richer de
Bosco, or Bois, for not taking his homage, and demanding an
unreasonable relief of him, for lands held of him here, to which
Nicholas pleaded that he was his villan belonging to this manor,
and that he and the rest of the villan s of this manor, were taxable
at their lord's will, and that they paid a fine for leave to marry their
daughters and sisters, and that he took a mark, for leave to marry,
as his fine, and that therefore it was not unreasonable, which being
proved the lord recovered ; I mention this, to shew in what a miser-
able state the under tenants were in at that time J.

* Reg. de Stoueley Monast. Blount, 3. J Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iii.

+ Coke Liu. fo. 86, a. Blount, 139. p. 676.

BICKTON,

491

BICKTON, juxTA SHREWSBURY, COUNTY OF

SALOP.

The inhabitants of Bickton were bound by their tenure to carry
the lord's dung into his fields, to plough his ground at certain days,
sow and reap his corn, &c. and even to empty his jakes. But this
was afterwards turned into a rent, now called Bickton silver, and
the villanous service excused. Bickton was held of Clun Castle ia
Shropshire *.

HINDRINGHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

About the time of King John, mention is made of certain tenants
"belonging to the prior and convent of Norwich, called Lanceti, who
were to have their sheep in the lord's fold from Martinmas to Candle-
mas, and then to have their ewes out of the fold, and to pay fold-
age, but their other sheep continued in the lord's fold, the whole
year f.

A lancetagium seemed to contain eiglit acres. Blomefield. See
Lancetse, under Ilecham, p. 485.

BUILTH, COUNTY OF RADNOR.

In the manor of Builth, in the county of Radnor, every tenant
paid maiden rent, viz. a noble at their marriage, antiently given to
the lord for his omitting the custom of merchetta, whereby he was
to have the first night's lodging with his tenant's wife; brtt it was
more probably a fine for licence to marry a daughter if.

* Blount's Law Diet. tit. Villehage. % Jacob's L*w Diet. tit. Maiden Rent,

t BlomefieM's Hist.jof Norfolk, vol. v. p.
-399.

3 R 2 This

492

This tenure is still subsisting, but the lord generally chooses to
tap a hogshead of eider rather than have the virgin *.

GRIMSTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In the reign of Edward III. there belonged to this manor a
profit called love-bone ; to wit, that all residents in Grimestone,
having horses with a cart, should work for the lord, for the redeeming
of the common of Grimestone, one day's journey of barley seed
time, each to have for his breakfast one penny halfpenny ; and all
keeping cows on the common, were to do a day's work in harvest,
and at three o'clock each to have flesh to eat, and ale to drink,
and three loaves every evening; and if they refused then it was
lawful to distrain on the said common, &c. -j-

BARKING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In the Harleian collection at the British Museum, there is an
antient survey of the manor of Barking (without date and imper-
fecta) In this survey the services due from the inferior tenants to
the abbess and convent are stated at large. One of them (Robert
Gerard) was, among other services, to gather a full measure of
nuts, called a pybot, four of which should make a bushel ; to go
a long journey on foot, once a year, to Colchester, Chelmsford,
Ely, or the like distances, on the business of the convent, carrying
a pack ; and other shorter journies, such as to Brentford, &c.
maintaining himself upon the road. He was to pay a fine for the
marriage of his daughter, if she married beyond the limits of the

* Conip. Copyholder, 79- t From an old parchment roll. Blome-

field's Norfolk, vol. iv. p. o48.

manor,

49S

manor, otherwise to make his peace with the abbess, as well as he
could ; if his daughter should have a bastard child, he was to
iHake the best terms that he could with the abbess for the fine
called kyldwyte. It appears also that he could not sell his ox,
fed by himself, without the abbess's permission. Some of the
tenants were obliged to watch and guard thieves in the abbess's
prison*.

WODHAM, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

Alexander de Whitworth held the manor of Wodham in capite,
ot the prior of Durham, by fealty, and by the service of xvi s. and
VIII d. a year ; and he was to do suit to the court of the prior, and
to grind his corn at the mill of Ackley to the twentieth dish ^, and
all his tenants were to grind there to the thirteenth dish ^, and he
was to give aid, and to find, from every house, except the hall §-}-§,
one man to mow at Akley, who was to have meat once a day •]■:

^ See note under Easington, p. 354.

§f § De qualibet domo prseter aulam. Meaning from every house,
except the manor-house. P.

GRESSENHALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In the 8th of Edw. I. Jordan Foliot was lord of this town with
its members, and Thomas de Rotheband being one of his villans.

* Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iv. vas, et omnes tenentes sui molent ibidem ad

p. 74. tertium decimum vas, et dabit auxilium et in-

f Alexander de Whitworth tenuit manen' veniet de qualibet domo, praster aulam, unum

de Wodham de pr'. Dunelm. per fid', et per hominem ad metend'. apud Akley, et habebit

servic'. xvi s. et viii den. per ann. et faciei cibum semel in die. Inquis. post mortem

sect', ad cur', pr'. et molet proprium bladum Alexandride Whitworth. 2 Bury, A. D. 1336.
suum ad molendibum de Akley ad "vicesimnm

494

he was found to have a right of taxing him high or low at his will,
and the custom of merchet ; and in the fourteenth of that king, he
claimed free-warren, and assize of bread and beer &f his tenants,
frank-pledge, by view of the king's bailiff, and a weekly market on
Monday, and a fair on the vigil, the day, and day after St. Michael *.

WIVENHOE, COUNTY OP ESSEX.

Richard Burr holds one messuage, and owes tallage^, suit of
court, and merchet §§§ in this manner, that if he should marry his
daughter with a free man, without the town, he shall make his peace
with the lord for marriage, and if he should marry her to any cus-
tomary tenant he shall give nothing for marriage f-.

f Tallage. A tax or tribute. Blount.

|§§ Merchet. The same as Ammobragium, p. 474.

IIEURST, COUNTY OF BERKS.

William Maynard, who held lands in Heurst, acknowledged him-
self to be villan of the abbot of Abbendon, and to hold of him in
villenage, and by the customs of villenage, viz. by the service of
18 d. per annum, and of giving for marriage and merchet with his
daughter and sister, at the abbot's will, and in performing all vil-
lanous customs '^.

* Parkins's edit, of Blomefield's Hist, of J Willielinus Maynard, qui tenuit terras in

Norfolk, 8vo. vol. ix. p. 512. Heurst, cognoscit se esse viilanum abbatis de,

•f Ricardus Burr tenet unum messuagiuin, et Abbendon, et tenere de eo in viUenagio, et per

debet tallagium, sectam curiae, et merchet hoc viilanas consuetudines, viz. per servitium 18 d.

modo, quod si maritare voluerit filiam suam per annum, et dandi maritagium et merchetum

cum quodarn libero homine extra villam, faciet pro filia et sorore sua ad voluntatem ipsius

pacem doniini pro maritagio, et si earn mari- abbatis, et faciendo omnes viilanas consuetu-

taverit alicui customario villse nil dabit pro dines. Placita de BancQ, Pasch. 34 Hen.

maritagio. Anno Dom. 1230. Blount's Law III. Rot. 20. Berks.

D act tit. Merchet. WROTHAM,

WROTHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

This manor was given to Beck Abbey in Normandy, by the
Ralph de Toni, who held it at the survey, from which time it enjoyed
all the privileges belonging to that monastery. In the register of
the abbey, (fol. 58, b.) the customs of the manor are entered, among
which it appears, that the tenants were to pay scot and lot, by way
of aid to the abbots, when they came into England, or their proc-
tors, if the necessities of the abbey were very urgent : they could not
sell a horse-colt, nor an ox of their own bringing up, without their
lord's leave, nor marry their daughters, nor go to live out of the
manor, nor remove their chattels out of it without licence. They
paid at every death their best beast for a heriot, or thirty-second in-
stead of it, and if any one died intestate, all their chattels were at
the lord's disposition. When the harvest work was finished by the
tenants, they were to have half an acre of barley, and a ram let
loose in the midst of them, and if they catched him, he was their
own to make merry with, but if he escaped from them he was the
lord's, which custom is still kept up at Eton College, there being a
ram every year let loose among the scholars, on a certain day, to
be runned down by them, the original of which might come from
the custom of this manor*.

BURCESTER, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

Robert, son of Nicholas Germeyn, held one messuage, and half
a yard land in villenage, at the will of the prioress (of Merkyate,)
and owed one day's work at the plough ^ in winter, arid one day's
weedino-[*,] and one wedbedrip [f], (bederip) according to the
pleasure of the prioress, and he was to have one repast ; also, he

*Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. i. pp. 315, 316. The custom 6f the ram at Eton
Cpllege is now given up.

was

496

was to do the service of mowing once [fl for half a day ; and
for an entire yard land[§] of the same tenure, he was to have
livery [II] at vespers, which are called evenyngs H*!], as much as
a mower could make by his scythe, and carry home by himself;
also for half a yard land of the same tenure he was to have livery
at vespers, with a companion, so much as a mower could make by
his scythe, and bear home ; and the mower was to have his break-
fast of the lady prioress, and he the said Robert, and all others,
customary tenants of the prioress, were to have grass delivered in
the meadow, called Gilberdesham, without dinner. They were after-
wards to turn and cock the hay, and then make mows [[-j || or ricks,
and every one was to carry four teams of hay to the court of the
prioress, and to have a breakfast of the prioress ; and for a yard
land of the same quality he was to do three days work in autumn,
to wit, reaping with three men without dinner, and one day's work
without dinner with one man ; and if the binder should be at the
said reap days, he was to have one garb ||;[:|| of the grain from the
last corn bound, and also owed one day's reaping at the will of
the prioress with his whole family, except his wife, and was to be at
the dinner of the prioress, yet as often as the binder had his dinner,
he was not to have a garb ; and he was to carry four teams of corn
in autumn to the manor of the prioress, and to have a breakfast,
and owed to be taxed (owed tallage |]§||) at Michaelmas, at the plea-
sure of the prioress ; he was not to sell his male horse, nor an ox
of his own nurture, nor put his son to school 1|||||, or marry his
daughter, without the licence and consent of the prioress ; and
if the prioress should be present, the said Robert was to find
and carry meat and drink for the time which she should stay
in the county for her pleasure, and, moreover, pay yearly at

the

497

the four usual terms, two shillings and sixpence, and do suit of
court *.

^ Una arura. One day's work at the plough. Kennett's Gloss,
sub voce Arura.

P] Una sarculatura. The service of one day's weeding. Keunett.

[-f] Wedbedrip. The same as bederip. See note under Hildsley,
p. 415, and Kennett's Gloss, sub voce.

[^ Falcatura una. Was the service of one time mowing, or cutting
grass in the demesne meadow of the lord. Kennett.

[§] Virgata terrse. See note on Nether Overton, p. 130.

* Robertas, filius Nicholai. Germeyn, tenet
unutn messuagiurh, et ditnidiatn virgatam terras
in bondagio ad voluntatem dominae, et debet
unam aruraoi in yeme, et imam sarculaturam,
et debet unam wedbedrip, pro voluntate do-
minae, fet habebit unum repastum, et debet
unam falcataram per dimidiam diem, et vir-
gata terrae integra ejusdem tenurae habebit
liberam ad vesperas, quas vocatur evenyngs,
tantam sicut falcator potest per falcem levare,
et domum portare per ipsam ; et dimidia vir-
gata terrae ejusdem tenurae habebit liberam
ad vesperas^ cum quodam socio, tantam sicut
falcator potest per falcem levare, et domum
portare ; et falcator habebit jentaculirai suum
de domina priorissa, et ipse Robertus, et
omnes alii custumarii dominae, liberam fal-
catam in prata vocata Gilberdesham, sine
prandio, debent tornare et inde fcenum levare,
et mulliones inde facere, et debet quilibet ca-
riare quatuor carucatas foeni ad curiam prio-
rissae, et habebit unum jentaculum de domina
priorissa : et virgata terrae ejusdem conditionis
faciei tres precaiias id autumpQO, videlicet.

precariam sine prandio cum tribus hominibus,
et unam precariam sine prandio cum uno ho-
mine, et si sit ligator ad dictas precarias ha-
bebit unum garbum seminis de ultimo blado
ligato, et debet etiam unam precariam pro
voluntate dominae cum tota familia sua, praeter
uxorem suam, ad prandium dominae, et quo-
tiens ligator habet prandium non habebit gar-
bam ; et debet cariare quatuor carucatas bladi
in autumpno ad manerium dominae, et habebit
unum jentaculum, et debet talliari ad festum
S. Michaelis pro voluntate dominae priorissae ;
nee debet vendere equum masculum, neque
bovem de proprio nutrimento suo, neque filium
suum ad literaturam ponere, neque iiliam suam
maritare, sine licentia et voluntate priorissae ;
et si domina priorissa sit praesens, ipse Ro-
bertus qua?ret et cariabit escnlenta et potitlenta
priorissae pro tempore quo moram fecerit iii
comitatu pro voluntate sua, et reddet etiam
per annum ad quatuor terminos consuetos
IIS. V I d. et sectam curiae. Kennett's Paroch.
Antiq. p. 401.

3 s

[llj Libera.

498

[II J Libera. A livery, or delivery of so much grass or corn to a
customary tenant who cuts down or prepares the said grass or
corn, and receives some part, or small portion of it, as a reward
or gratuity : so the livery of hay and oats, as giving out such a
quantity of provender for the feeding of horses. Kennett.

11*11 Evenyngs. The delivery at evening or night of a certain portion
of grass or corn to a customary tenant, who performs his wonted
service of mowing or reaping, for his lord, and at the end of his
day^s work receives such a quantity of the grass or corn to carry
home with him as a gratuity or encouragement of his bounden
service. Kennett.

Ij-j II Mulliones. The same as mullones, under Sutton Courtenay,
p. 474, from muUo — muUio, a cock, or pout of grass, or hay ;
hence in old English, a moult, now a mow. Mofe, Sax. of hay or
corn. Kennett.

mil Garba. A sheaf of oorn, of which twenty-four made a thrave.
It extended to a cock of hay, a faggot of wood, or any other
of the fruits or product of the earth. Kennett.

||§|| Talliari de certo tallagio. To be assessed or taxed at such a rate
or proportion, imposed by the king on his barons or knights,
or by them on their inferior tenants. The inferior tenants
sometimes made a composition with their lords for this tallage.
This tallage of the customary tenants was sometimes fixed and
certain, and sometimes at the arbitrary pleasure of the lord*
The lords in Ireland impose an arbitrary tax on their tenants,
which they call a cutting, the hteral meaning of the French
word taillage. Kennett.

II II Ij Ad hteraturam ponere. To put out children to school, which

liberty

499

liberty was denied to some parents, wlio were servile tenants,
without consent of the lord. Kennett.

HOUGHTON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

The manor of Nicholas Malory, of Draughton, in Northampton-
shire, part of which he gave to Roger his brother, and part to
John Fitz Sampson, to hold of him in villenage ; a tenure, says
John Breton, as ancient almost as Noah, when it was agreed, that
captives in war should not be killed, but become villans or bond-
men. The nature of this tenure was, 1. That the lord might use
the villan at his pleasure, and he must do whatever his lord
commanded him. 2. If a villan purchased any lands, his lord
might put him out and seize it ; and if he bought any goods, the
lord might take them for his use. 3. If any man took away a
villan by force, the lord might have an action of trespass, and if
he ran away, the lord might have a writ, de native habendo, di-^
rected to the sheriff to bring him again *.

BYNEDON, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Richard de Bynedon held one messuage and one carucate of

land at Bynedon, of the abbey of Montes Burgh, by the service of

ploughing, sowing, mowing, gathering, carrying, (the produce of
the land) and being reeve ^ or bailiff of the lord abbot -f.

^ Prsepositus. See note on Clymeslond, p. 469.

* Mawna Brit. vol. ii. p. 1345. seminandi, falcandi, metendi, cariandi, et es-

•f Ricardus de Bynedon ten', unum messua- sendi praepositus dni abbatis. Inquis. anno 8

gium, et unam carucatain terre apud Bynedon, Edw. II. Harl. MS. Brit. Mua. No. 6126.

d« Abbe Montes Burg, per servicium arandi,

, 'ii:''"

3 s 2 GRENDON,

500

GRENDON, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Omnes customarij tenentes de manerio de Grendon debent san-
guinem suum emere*§§. This was where yillans were bound to
buy or redeem their blood, and make themselves freemen -f-.

§§ See note on Bosbury, p. 486.

HECHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Every alepiman^ of the whole soke of Hecham, owes each
year one penny of chevage:|:J; and he is to work for three days
in autumn, except those who are free from this servitude. J.

% Alepiman. Alepimannas. Country servants. Blount's Law Diet,
sub verbo. Alepimannus. A kind of vassal. Littleton's Diet.
Law Lat.

%X Chevage. Is a tribute or sum of money formerly paid by such
as held lands in villenage to their lords in acknowledgment,
and was a kind of head or poll-money. Jacob.

* Lib. niger Heref.

•f Jac. Law Diet. tit. Sanguinem emere.

J Omnis alepiman de tota soca de Hecham,
debet singulis annis unum denarium de che-
vagio, et operabitur per tres dies in autumpno^

exceptis illis qui ab hie servitute liberi sunt.
Consuetudinar de Hecham, Prior. Lew. MS.
p. 21. Blount's Law Diet, sub verb. Ale-
piman.

CHAPTER

50t

CHAPTER IV-

SECT. I.

Customs of Manors.

SUTTON-COLFIELD, COUNTY OF WARWICK,

A N inquisition of the jury taken at this view (of frank-pledge)
before Geoffery de Okenham, steward ; by the oath of Anselm
de Clifton, &e. jurors charged (to enquire) of the antient customs
of this lordship, as well of freemen as of bondmen ; what customs
they were wont to do and have, before the Coronation of our lord
King Henry, grandfather to the present King, from the time of
Athelstan, sometimes King of England, &c.

Who say, that every freeman of Sutton ought to hold his lands
and tenements by the force and effect of his original charter, &c.

Also, those who held half a yard-land, or a nook %% of land, or
a cottage of bondage-tenure, were used to be bedell lj|| of the manor,
and decenary §§.

Also, all those who held in bondage-tenure, were wont to be
called customary tenants (custumarii). And whensoever the lord
should go a hunting, those customary tenants used to drive the
wanlass f to a stand, in hunting the wild beasts, according to the
quantity of their tenure, as those who held a whole yard-land for
two days, and so of others. And they used to have among them

the

502

the half part of the fee of a woodward of the venison taken. And
they used to be keepers of Colfield Heath [*], as often as they
were chosen by the neighbours at the court, «&c.

And also, if any of those customary tenants intended to go out_
of the lordship, they used to come into court, and surrender into
the hands of the lord their bondage-tenure, with all their male
horses and young male foals, and cart bound with iron, with their
male hogs, their whole pieces of cloth, their wool not spun (non
formata) and their best brass pan, and then go and stay where-
soever they would, without challenge of the lord, and he and . all
his family were to be free for ever.

And also they say, that they have heard their ancestors say, that
at the time when the manor of Sutton aforesaid was in the hands of
the Kings of England, all the chace was afforested, and all the
dogs within the forest used to be lawed|||.||, and the left claw of
the foot cut off: and after it came into the hands of the Earl of
Warwick, they had leave to have and hold dogs of all kind
unlawed §||§.

And also, all the freeholders used to be summoned three days
before the court, and the customary tenants likewise ; and if there
was any plea between neighbours, and the defendants denied and
waged law t^S against the plaintifiF, they used to make their law with
the third hand ; and they used to essoign themselves twice by com-
mon suit of court, and the third time to appear and warrant the
essoign. And in like manner of the plea, as well of the plaintiff as
of the defendant, to be essoigned twice of the plea and twice of
the law, and the third time to appear or have the judgment (con-

siderationem) of the court.

And

503

And the aforesajd customary tenants were wont to repair the

ford about the mill-dam [f] of the lord of Sutton, with earth*.

J.]: Nocatam terrae. A nook of land. A. Noy, in his Complete

Lawyer, p. 57, says, two fardels of land make a nook, and

four nooks make a yard-lard. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Fardel.
See pp. 130. 144. 216. E.

* Inquisitio xii. juratorum capta ad hunc
visum coram Galfrido de Okenham, senes-
challo, per sacramentum Anselmi de Cliftona,
8tc. juratorum oneratorum de antiquis consue-
tudinibus istius dominii, tarn de libertate quam
de bondagio, quales consuetudines solebant
facere et habere, ante Coronationem domiiii
Henrici Regis, avi domini Regis nunc, a tem-
pore Athelstani quondam Regis Angliae, &c.
Qui dicunt, quod unusquisque liber homo de
Sutton solebat terras et tenementa sua, vi et
efFectu cartas suae originalis, tenere, &,c. Item,
illi qui tenuerunt dimidiam virgatam terras, vel
nocatam terrae, vel cotagium de bondagii te-
nura, solebant esse bedellum manerii et decen-
narium. Et etiam omnes illi qui tenuerunt in
bondagii tenura, solebant vocari customarii.
Et quotiescunque ^lominus ad venandum ve-
nerit,illi customarii solebant fugare wanlassum
ad stabulum in fugatione ferarum bestiarum,
secundum quantitatem tenurae suae, ut illi qui
tenuerunt integram virgataTn terrae, per duos
dies, et sic de aliis. Et solebant habere inter
eos, dimidiam partem feodi woodwardi de ve-
natione capta. Et solebant esse custodes
Bruerae de Colfeild, quotiescunquae fuerint
electi per vicinos ad curiam, &c. Et etiam
si aliqui de hujusmodi customariis exierint de
domino, solebant venire in curiam et sursum
reddere in manum domini tenuram suam bon-
dagii, cum omnibus equis suis masculis, et

pullis, masculis, et carectam ferro ligatam,
cum porcis masculis, panna sua integra, lana
lion formata, et meliorem ollam suam asneam,
et exire, et trahere moram ubicunque voluerit,
sine calumpnia domini, et ipse, cum omni
sequela sua esse liber iraperpetuum. Et etiam
dicunt quod audieruiit antecessores dicere,
quod tempore quo manerium de Sutton prse-
dicta, fuit in manibus regum Angliae, tola
chasea fuit afforestata, et omnes canes infra
forestam solebant impediari, et amputari si-
nistro ortello. Et postquam devenit in manum
comitis Warwici, licentiam habere et tenere
canes opertias, ex omni genere canum et nod
impediatas. Et etiam omnes liberi tenentes
solebant sumnioneri per tres dies ante curiam
et customarii similiter ; et si aliquod placitum
fuerit inter vicinos, et defendentes negaverint
et vadierint legem versus quaerentem solebant
facere legem cum tertia manu, et solebant se
essoiniare de communi secta curiae bina vice,
et tertia comparere et warrantizare essoinium.
Et similiter de placito tam quaerentis quam
defendentis, bis de placito, et bis de lege
essoiniari, et tertia vice venire, seu habere con-
fiiderationem curiae. Et praedicti custumarii
solebant reparare vadum circa stagnum nio-
lendini domini de Sutton, in opere terreno.
Antiq. of Warwickshire, b)? Sir W. Dugdal^.

Blount, 140.

», ■ ■ i . ,

nil Bedellum.

504

till Bedellum. See note under Clymeslond, p. 469. E.

§§ Deeenarium. Ibid. p. 469.

f Fugare wanlassum ad stabulum. To drive the deer to a stand
that the lord may shoot. Blount. But quaere the meaning of
the word wanlassum. E.

[*] Bruerae de (^olfield. Brueria, from the French bruyere, heath.
Though Ainsworth's Diet, of Law Lat. derives it from the
Sax. broer, briar, or brush-wood. See Angulum Bruerse, p.
250. E.

I^tll

Canes impediati (impediari) et amputati (amputari) sinistro
ortello. Dogs lawed (ringed or wired) on the left claw of the
foot. Blount.

|1|§ Canes opertias, &c. (q. apertias or apertas) et non impediatas.
Dogs unlawed, or with whole feet. Blount.

tg? Facere legem. To make law (wage law) by bringing three others
to swear besides himself. Blount. For the nature of the law
wager, see Blaclist. Comment, lib. iii. ch. 22. sect. 6.

[<|] To repair the ford of the mill-pond. Blount

DURHAM, THE BISHOPRIC OF.

In the year 1276, the following Constitution was made by Ro-
bert de Insula (de Lisle) bishop of Durham, viz. Concerning
tithes which arise from cows, we have thought proper to ordain,
that wheresoever there shall be a receptacle of them, although
it be in neighbouring parishes, horn with horn ^, according to
the English language, where they seek their pasturage, yet the

whole

505

whole tithes shall 'remain where their abode and residing place;
shall be *\ .

^ Horn with horn. This horn with horn is, when horned beasts
of several adjoining parishes do promiscuously intercommon
together, per cause de vicinage. Blount.

HARTLEPOOL, COUNTY OF DURHAM.

Robert de Brus hath at Hartlepool, in the county of Durham,
a sea-port, and there takes keelage |§, to wit, of every ship with
a boat nil arriving there, eight-pence, and of every ship without a
boat, four-pence ■\\

§§ Killagium. Keelage, whereby he had by custom what is here
expressed, for the keel of every ship that came into his sea-
port with a boat. Blount.

IIJI Batello. Batellus. A small boat. Ainsworth's Diet, of Law
Lat.

ROCHFORD, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

On King's Hill, in Rochford, in the county of Essex, on every
Wednesday morning next after Michaelmas-day at cocks crowing,
there is by antient custom a court held by the lord of the honour
of Raleigh, which is vulgarly called- the -Lawless Court. The

* De decimis quje de vaccis proveniunt + Robertas de Brus habet apud Hartle-

statuendum duximus, quod ubicunque fuerit pool, in com. Dunelm. portutn maris, et

receptaculum earum, licet in vicinis parochiis capit ibi killagium, scil. de qualibet navi cum

horn with horn, secundum Anglicam linguam, batello, applicante ibi, octo denarios, et de

pascua quierant, ilia remaneat tota decima ubi qualibet navi siue batello, quatuor denarios.

fuerit domicilium et remanentia, Constitut. Hot, Pari. 21 Edw. I. J31ount; 146.
Eob. Duuelin. Episc. Ann. 1 276. Blount, 14a.

St steward

506

steward and suitors whisper to each other, and have no candles,
nor any pen and ink, but supply that office with a coal; and he
that owes suit or service thereto, and appears not, forfeits to the
lord double his rent, every hour he is absent. The court is called
Lawless, because held at an unlawful or lawless hour, or quia
dicta sine lege. The title of it in the court rolls runs thus to
this day§§.

i^Ro^H"J"„'. J«{ Curia de domino Rege,
Dicta sine lege,
Tenta est ibidem
Per ejusdem consuetudineni ;
Ante ortum solis,
Luceat nisi polus,
Nil scribit nisi oolis.
Totius voluerit,
Gallus ut cantaverit ;
Per cujus solum sonitum
Curia es summonita.
Clamat clam pro Rege,
In curia sine lege,
Et nisi cito venerint
Citius pcenituerint ;
Et nisi clam accedant
Curia non attendat ;
Qui venerit cum lumine
Errat in Regimine,
Et dum sunt sine lumine
Capti sunt in crimine;
Curia sine cura
Jurati de injuria,

Tenta

507

Tenta ibidem die Mercurii (ante diem) proximi (r. proxime or
proximo) post festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno regni
Regis, &c.

This Lawless Court is imperfectly mentioned by Camden f^ i|i
his Description of Essex; who says, this servile attendance was
imposed on the tenants of that manor, for conspiring, at the like
unseasonable time to raise a commotion*.

§§ So said by Mr. Blount, in 1679.

% Mr. Blount refers to Camd. Brit. fo. 441, and the reader will
find it amongst Dr. Holland's insertions in the text of Camden,
though not in the text itself.

Mr. Camden says-f, that this strange kind of punishment may
seem to be inflicted for the negligence of the inhabitants in
guarding the sea costs ; and in another place he observes J,
that it seemeth to be a remainder of the old feodary custom,
used by the Emperors of Almain and Kings of France, who,
when they passed into Italy to receive the imperial crown at
Roncalia, neare to Placentia, encamped, and hanging up a
shield upon an high pole, summoned, with a low voice, all that
held in fee of them to be present and answer to their names,
at midnight, which whosoever neglected was amerced with the
loss of his landes. Of this you may reade (says he) Gunther
the old Germane poet, in his secund booke. Mr. Weever§,
likewise, gives a particular account of this odd custom, 4&c.||

* Ex. Rot. Curiae, ib. Blount, 147. + In p. 65 of the same work.

•j- In his Supplement to the Topographical § Fun. Mon. p. 605.

Pescription of Britain in MS. under the an- ]| Leland's Itinerary, Oxford, 1712, vol. ix.

thor's own hand, penes me inter Codd, Smi- pp. 169, 170.
thianos, b. vii. p. 27.

3x2 KIDLINGTON,

508

KIDLINGTOiN, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

At Kidlington, in Oxfordshire, the custom is, that on Monday
after Whitsun-week, there is a fat live lamb provided, and the maids
of the tovrn, having their thumbs tied behind them, run after it,
and she that with her mouth takes and holds the lamb, is declared
Lady of the Lamb, which being dressed, with the skin hanging on,
is carried on a long pole before the lady and her companions to the
green, attended with music, and a morisco dance of men, and
another of women^ where the rest of the day is spent in dancing,
mirth, and merry glee. The next day the lamb is part baked,
boiled, and roast, for the lady's feast, where she sits majestically,
at the upper end of the table, and her companions with her, with
music and other attendants, which ends the solemnity *.

WALLING FORD, COUNTY OF BERKS.

In the 45th year of Hen. III., 1261, the jurors upon their oath,
say, that no person of this borough, for any fact committed by
him, ought to be hanged: for, according to the custom of this bo-
rough, he ought to be deprived of his eyes and testicles, and that
such privilege hath been used time out of mind -f,

SOUTH-MALLING, COUNTY OF KENT.

The tenants of South-Mailing, in the county of Kent, ou^t, by
a custom amongst them, to make scot-ale ^ of sixteen-pence half-

* Ex relatione habitantium. Blount, 149. burgi, .debet oyels (ceils) et testiculis pri-
•f Juratores dicunt super sacramentum vari, et tali Jibertate usi sunt a tempore quo
suum quod imllus de natione istius burgi non extat memoria. Placita apud Kading,
pro quocunque facto quod fecerjt debet sus- 45 Hen. III. Rot. 29. Blount, 150.
pendi : nam secundum consuetudinem istius

penny ;

6QQ

penny; so that from every sixpence there be given a penny-half-
penny to drink with the bedel of the lord archbishop, upon the
aforesaid fee *.

% To make a scot-ale, is to make a collection of a sum of money to
be spent in ale. And in like sense does Manwood interpret it
in his Forest Laws, Blount. See 4 Inst. 307.

MONTGOMERY, THE TOWN OF.

Whereas through scolds and whores many evils arise in the town,
viz. strifes, fightings, defamations, &c. and many other disturbances,
by their shouting and bawling |:§]:, our practice concerning them is,
that when they are taken they are adjudged to the goging-stoole ||:|:|],
and there to stand with their feet naked, and their hair hanging and
dishevelled, for such time as they may be seen by all persons pass-
ing that way, according to the will of our chief bailiffs f.

$11. Hutesias et clamores. Shouting and bawling. A. See 3 Inst
116.

Iffll Ooging-rstoole. ITiis goging-stoole is the same which in our law
books is written cucking-stool and coke-stool ; anciently tumbrel,
or trebucket, by Bracton, tymborella : the Saxons (for it is of

, * Tenentes de South Mailing, in com. diffamationes, See. ac alias multas iiiquietationes

CanCiae, debent, de consuetudiiie inter eos, fa- per earuin hutesias et clamores ; igitur utimur

cere scotaliuni de sex decim denariis et ob. de eisdem, quod cum captee fuerint, habeant

Ita quod de singulis sex denariis detur unum judicium' de la goging-stoole, et ibi stabunt,

denarium et -ob. ad potandum cum bedello nudis pedibus, et suis crinibus pendentibus et

dominiarchiepiscopi super prasdictum feodum. dispersis, tanto tempore ut aspici possint ab

Ex vet, Consuetud. in Archivis Archiep. Cant, omnibus per viam transeuntibus ; secundum

Blount, 130. voluntatem balivorum nostrorura capitalium.

f Quia per objurgalrices «t meretrices M.S. L.L. liberi Burgi de Mountgomery.

multa mala in villa oriuntur, viz. lites, pugnae, Blouat, 150.

great

5id

great antiquity) called it a scealfing-stole (from scealfing, scold-
ing) i. e. a chair in which scolding women were placed, and
plunged over head in water *. Blount.

EAST RUDHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In the town of East Rudham, in the county of Norfolk, the cus-
tom of all the lands which are held within the borough (burgagium)
concerning inpeny and outpeny, is this, that he who will sell or give
the said tenure to any one, shall give for his going out of the same
tenure one penny, and the like for the entry of the other ; and that
the bailiff of the lord shall be present at the delivery of every livery
of seisin : and if the aforesaid pennies shall be in arrear, the bailiff
of the lord may distrain for the said pennies in the same tenure -f.

KINDERTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

In the 14th of Henry Vlf., 1498, Thomas Venables claims, that
if any tenant or resiant within the lordship or manor of Kinderton,
in the county of Chester, committed felony, and his body was taken
by the said Thomas for the fact, and the party convicted, he should
have pelf ^, viz. he was to seize all his goods and chattels ; and that
which belonged to the earl, he was to present at Chester Castle,
and to have all his household furniture (inventa domestica) and of
all kind of oxen, cows, steers, heifers, pigs, and sheep, one, to wit.

* Cathedra in qua rixosze mulieres sedentes, eadem tenura, unum deuarium et simile pro

aquis demergebantur. Query, if scealfing is ingressu alterius ; et quod balivus doniini erit

Dot rather the shelving stool. ad deliberationem cujuslibet seisiiiiB delibe-

•f De inpeny et outpeny, consuetndo talis randae : et si praedicti denarii aretro fuerint,

est in villa de East Rudham, in com. Norf. balivus domini distringet pro eisdem denariis

de omnibus terris quae infra burgagium tenen- in eadem tenura. Reg. Priorat. de Cokes-

tur, viz. quod ipse qui vendiderit vel dederit ford. Blount, 151.
dictam tenuram alicui dabit pro exitu suo de

the

611

the best; and if he had none, except one of those kinds, he claimed
to have that one, with all the small animals, as cocks, hens, geese,
and such like, and all the pieces of cloth cut and begun with :]:§+,
and all the joints of meat begun with, or cut in part (carnes attaini-
atas), and all the malt except one quarter §§ : and from every stack
of corn he claimed to have a whole groundstall f *f of each stack,
and all the lead out of the furnace, and all the wooden vessels, all
the table-cloths, towels, and all belonging to the bed, linen and
woollen, and all the carts not bound with iron, and all the ploughs,
with all their furniture [.j], &c. *

f Pelfram. Pelf, or pelfre, appears here to signify such a quantity
of goods and chattels as are here expressed, which to this day,
in common speech, we call worldly pelf. Blount.

J§.| Attainiatos, What this word may signify I am to learn.
Blount.

§§ Totum brasium infra unum quarterium. All the malt except one
quarter. Blount Or under a quarter, P.

•f-*f Groundstall integrum. Of every mow of corn he claimed to

* Thomas Venables clamat quod si aliquis cum aliis minutis animalibus, ut gallis, gallinis,

tenentium visl residentium infra dominium sive aucis, et hujusmodi, et omnes pannos tallia-

manerium de Kinderton, in com. Cestriap, tos et attainiatos, et omnis carnes attainiatas,

feloniam fecerit, et corpus ejus per ipsum et totum brasium infra unum quarterium, et

Thomam super factum illud captum, et con- de quolibet tasso bladi clamat habere ground-

victus fuerit, habere pelfram, viz. omnia bona stal integrum cujascunque tassi, et totum

«t catalla hujusmodi seisire ; et ea quae do- plumbum extra fornacem, et omnia vasa lig-

mino comiti pertinent, ad Castrum Cestriae nea, omnes mappas, manutergia, et omnia kd

praesentare, et habere omnia inventa domestica lectum pertinentia^ linea et lanea, et omnes

et de omnr genere boum, vaccarum, bovicu- carrectas ferro nou ligatas, et omnes carrucas,

lorum, juvencarum, porcorum, bidentium, cum tota apparnra, &c. Plac. in Itin. apud

unum, viz. melius ; et si de aliquo genere non Cestriam, 14 Heu. VII. Blouot,^ 15 1.
Iiabueiit nisi, unum clamat habere illud unum.

have

512

have as much as would cover the ground or floor vi^here the corn
lay. Blount. Onstand. A. Staddle, Derbyshire. P.

[1] Carruca cum tota apparura, is a plough with all its furniture.
Blount.

COLESHILL, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

They have an ancient custom at Coleshill, in the county of War-
wick, that if the young men of the town can catch a hare, and
bring it to the parson of the parish, before ten of the clock on
Easter Monday, the parson is bound to give them a calve's head
and a hundred of eggs for their breakfast, and a groat in money *.

STANLAKE, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

At Stanlake, in the county of Oxford, the minister of the parish,
in his procession, in Rogation Week, reads the Gospel at a barrel's
head, in the cellar of the Chequer Inn in that town, where some
say there was formerly an hermitage, others that there was anciently
across, at which they read a Gospel in former times; over whicli
the house, and particularly the cellar, being built, they are forced to
continue the custom in manner as above -j .

BURFORD, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

About the year 750, a battle was fought near Burford, in Ox-
fordshire, perhaps on the place still called Battle-Edge, west of the
town, towards Upton, between Cuthrerd or Cuthbert, a tributary
Kino- of the West Saxons, and Ethelbald, King of Mercia, whose
insupportable exactions the former king not being able to endure,

* Blount, 153.

t Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire, fo. 203. Blount,. 154.

513

iie came into the field against Ethelbald, met, and overthrew him
there, winning his banner, whereon was depicted a golden dragon ;
in memory of which victory, the custom (yet within memory) of
making a dragon yearly, and carrying it up and down the town in
great jollity on Midsummer Eve, to which they added the picture of
a giant, was in all likelihood first instituted *.

ENSHAM, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

It has been the custom at Ensham, in Oxfordshire, for the town's
people on Whit-Monday, to cut down and bring away (wherever the
church-wardens pleased to mark it out, by giving the first chop) as
much timber as could be drawn by men's hands into the Abbey-yard,
whence if they could draw it out again, notwithstanding all the impe-
diments that could be given by the servants of the Abbey, and since
that by the family of the lord, it was then their own, and went, in part at
least, to the reparation of their church : and by this custom, as some
will have it, they hold both their Lammas and Michaelmas common -f.

LODEBROOK, COUNTY OF WARWICK.

In the manor of Lodebrook, in the county of Warwick, whereof
the Catesbyes were heretofore lords, each tenant paid swarf-mo-
ney^ yearly, which was one penny halfpenny ; it must be paid (says
the rental) before the rising of the sun, the party must go thrice
about the cross, and say, " the swarf-money," and then take witness,
and lay it in the hole ; and when he hath so done, he must look w,ell
that his witness do not deceive him, for if it be not paid, he giveth
a great forfeiture, thirty shillings and a white bull ."j:.

* Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire, 34^. Blount, % Ex antiq. Reutali ejusd. Man. Blount^

154. 156.

t Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire. Blount, 155.

3 u f Swarf-

514

% Swarf-money. I know not what this swarf-money may signify,
unless it were mis-written for warth-money, or ward-money,
Blount. See pp. 186, 312. Perhaps it is another term for the
smoke-silver known in other manors. W.

WAREHAM, COUNTY OF DORSET.

By the custom of Wareham, in the county of Dorset, both males
and females have a right, equally, in the partition of lands and tene-
ments ; tenementa in Warham sunt partibilia inter masculos et
fceminas, says the record ; and is so unusual a custom, that perhaps
it may be hard to find the like elsewhere in England *.

ESSEBURN, NOW ASHBORNE in the PEAK, COUNTY

OF DERBY.

The jurors say, that, when at first the miners come into the field
to seek for mines, and a mine is found, they should come to the
bailiff', who is called berghmayster, and demand from him two
meers, if it be in the new field ; and they are to have one for the
finding, and the other by the right of miners ; and every meer shall
contain four perches, and to their mine (pit, or shaft) seven feet,
and every perch shall be of twenty-four feet, &c. Also they say,
that pleas of bergmote ought to be held from three weeks to three
weeks, upon the mines in the Peak, &c. -f

* Plac. de Jur. et Assis. de anno 16 Edw. I. mineratorum, et unaquseque meta continet

£Iount, 160. quatuor perticatas, et ad foveam suam septem

+ Juratores'dicunt quod in principio quaiido pedes, et unaquaeque perticata erit de xxiv

mineratores veniunt in campum mineriae, quae- pedibus, &c. Dicunt etiam quod Placita de

rentes inventa minera, venient ad ballivum bergmote, debent teneri de tribus septimanis

qui dicitur bergmayster, et petent ab eo duas in tres septimanas, super minerias in Pecco,

metas, si sit in novo campo, et habelDunt 8lc. Escaet. de anno 16 Edw. J. No. 34,

unam, scil. pro inventione, et aliam de jure Derby. Blount, 159.

CLUN,

515

CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP.

It is the custom of some manors, within the honor of Cluu, in
the county of Salop, that at the entrance of every new lord of that
honor, the tenants shall pay him a certain sum of money called mise-
money ^. In consideration whereof, they claim to be acquit of all
fines and amerciaments which are recorded at that time in the court
rolls, and not levied, which they call white books *.

^ Mises. Costs or expences. X. Perhaps it means money remitted
or forgiven. P.

A correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lii. p. 422,
suggests whether the money called mise-money may not be
derived from the French word " remise," which is rendered
by Cotgrave " acquittance," &c.

ROCHESTER PRIORY, COUNTY OF KENT.

Memorandunr, that on the first day of the coming of our lord the
king to Rochester, the sealers of his writs %%% ought to have four
loaves of esquires bread, and four loaves of grooms bread H-fjl ; also
they ought to have four gallons of convent ale, and four gallons of
common ale ; also from the kitchen, four dishes of meat wilh which
the convent is served, and four dishes of common meat, to wit,
twenty-four herrings, and twenty-four eggs : also for provender §*§,
seven small bushels ; also they ought to have eight halfpence to buy
hay. And this was -provided and ordained by the lord King
Henry III., son of King John, and by Hubert de Burgo and G. de
Craucumbe. And for this provision and grant, the prior and con-

* Antiq. Supervis. Honorii de Clan. Blount, 162.

Su 2 , vent

516

vent of Rochester, wheresoever our lord the king shall be, ought to
be quit for wax for the seal. And if the king should make a stay in
Rochester for two days or more, the sealers of writs were not to
have the things aforesaid ; but if he went out of Rochester and re-
turned, then they were to have them as at his first coming, as afore-
said *.

X^X Spigurnelli. These Spigurnelli were sealers of the king's writs ;
foy King Henry III. appointed Geoffrey de Spigurnell into that
office (Pat. 11 Hen. HI. m. 7), and perhaps the first in it ; or for
some other eminency in him it was, that these officers were after-
wards for some time called Spigurnels. Blount.

|[f-|[ Panes garcionum. Garcio, from the French garcon, a lad or
page. Ainsworth's Diet, of Law Lat.

§*§ Prebendam. Provender. Blount.

BISHOPS CASTLE, COUNTY OF SALOP.

All the burgesses of Bishop's Castle, in the county of Salop,
ought to find one man three times a year for the hunting stand ^,
the diversion to be taken whenever the bishop should please -f.

* Memorandum, quod primo die adventus Cracumbe. Pro ista autem provisione et con-

domini regis ad Roffensem, debent Spigur- cessione debet prior et conventus Roffensis,

nelli habere quatuor panes de pane armigero- ubicunque dominus rex fuerit, quieti esse pro

rum, et quatuor panes de pane garcionum. cera ad sigilluni. Item' si dominus rex fecerit

Item debent habere quatuor galones cervisiae moram in RofFense per duos dies vel amplius,

conventual is, et quatuor galones cervisiae non habebunt Spigurnelli de praedictis sed si

communis. Item de coquina quatuor fercula, exierit, et redierit habebunt sicut in primo ad-

quibus conventus servitur et quatuor fercula de ventu ut praedictum est. Liber de Consuetud.

communi, scil. xxiv haleces, et xxiv ova. Eccl. RofF. fact. 1314. Blount, 163.

Item ad prasbendam septem parvos bussellos. -f- Omnes burgenses de Bishop's Castle, it)

Item debent habere octo obolos ad emendum com. Salop, debent invenire uiuim hominem

foenum ; et hoc provisum et statufum est per ter per annum, ad stabliamentum -pro vena-

dominum Regem Henricum, filium Regis tione capienda, quando episcopus voluerit.

Johannis;, et per Hubertum de Burgo et G. de Liber niger Heref. Blount, 165.

, f Ad

51T

f Ad stabliamentum pro venatione capienda. For driving deer to
a stand in order to shooting them, or into buck-stalls, or deer-
hays, for taking them. Blount.

HEREFORD, THE CITY OF.

When the king went a hunting, from every house, by the custorft,
there was to go one man to drive the deer to a stand % in the forest ;
other men, not having dwelling-houses [*] entirely their own, were
to find inner-guards §f § for the hall, when the king was in the city.
When a burgess, serving with a horse :];§:|:, died, the king was to
have his horse and arms : from him who had not a horse, the kino",
on his death, was to have either ten shillings, or his land and
houses. If any one, prevented by death, had not devised his sub-
stance or effects, the king was to have all his cattle ||§||, &c. *

f Stabilitionem in sylva. Is the same with stabliamentum pro vena-
tione ; expounded above. See Bishop's Castle. Blount.

[*] Masuras. Dwelling-Chouses. Blount.

§f§ Inewardos. I suppose may signify such as guarded the king's
person. Blount.

.m Cum caball. serviens. Caballus, a horse. Fr. ChevaL

* Quando. rex venatui instabat de unaquaq.ue equum non habebat, si moreretur, habebat rex

domo per consuetudinem ibat unus homo ad aut decern solidos aut terram suain cum domi-

stabilitionem in sylva ; alii homines noii ha- bus. Si qui murte prseveiitus non dt yisisset

bentes integras masuras iuveniebunt inewardos qir<£ sua eraiit, rex habebat ouinem ejus pecu-

ad aulam quando rex erat in civitate, bur- niam, 8cc. Domesday, tit. Heref. Blount,

gensis cutn caballo serviens, cum moriebatur, 166.
habebat rex equuoi et arma ejus ; de eo qui

H§|| Pecunia.

518

||§|1 Pecunia. Is here used for cattle and goods, for of old pecunia
pro peeude often occurs. See Law Dictionary. Blount.

URCHENFEILD, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

Whenever the king's army should go against the enemy, the men
of Urchenfeild, in the county of Hereford, by custom, made the
avantward (vanguard) and in returning the rereward. The jurors
of the hundreds of Irchenfeild, Webtre, and Gretre, say, that
Bothohn, who held the town of Comboglin, ought to make suit to
the hundred aforesaid, and to be a domesman l^j-l of the same hun-
dred *.

§'j^ This domesman is one of those that sit in the court in ju-
dicature with the steward ; for dome in Saxon signifies judg-
ment ; and there are nine of these domesmen continued to this
day in Irchenfeild, and were so from a long and unknown be-
ginning, of which see Taylor's Hist, of Gavelkind. Blount.

CHAKENDON, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

All the bondmen (servi) of Chakendon, in the county of Oxford,
for the service of ^ mowing were to have of the lord one ram of the
price of eight-pence at least, and every mower was to have a loaf of
the price of a halfpenny ; and they jointly were to have a cart-load
of wood, and a cheese of the price of four-pence, and a certain

* Cum exeixitus regis in hostem pergat, quod Botholin, qui tenuit villain de Combog-

homines de Urchenfeild, in com. Hereford, lin, solebat facere sectam ad hundredum pree-

per consuetudjnem faciunt avantward, et in dictum, et esse unus domesman de eodetn

reversione le rerewarde. Jurati hundredorum bundredo. Domesday. Rot. de Quo Warr,

de Irchenfeild, Webtre, et Greytre, dicunt 20 Edw. I. Heref. Blount, 165.

quantity

519

Quantity of small-beer |§. And every yard-land was to have six tods
af grass |1:|:||, and half a yard-land three tods *.

% Pro servitio falcationis. For the service of shearing or raow-

mg.

§§ Batinum sab. I take batinus to mean a measure or certain quan-
tity. Vide Du Fresne, v. Battus. P. Sab probably is an ab-
breviation of the word sabia, small-beer. Vide Du Fresne in
voce. E.

ii^rii

Sex toddas herbse. Six tods of grass. I cannot find the word
tod applied to any thing but wool. A tod of wool is 28 lb. six
of which amount to a very small proportion of the produce of a
yard-land, (see pp. 130, 465), even supposing it to mean no
more than a rood ; and therefore I apprehend either that I do
not understand, or that Mr. Blount has not tndy copied the
record. E. I do not understand that six tods were the whole
produce, but that each mower was to have six tods for his per-
quisite ; for the record is plainly speaking here of what the
mowers were to have. P.

DUNMOW, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Robert Fitzwalter -f-, living long beloved of King Henry, son of
King John, as also of all the realme, betook himself in his latter
dayes to prayer and deeds of charity, gave great and bountifull

* Omnes servi de Chakendon, in com. tuor denariorum, et iinum batinum sab. Et

Qxon. pro servitio falcationis, habebunt domino quselibet virgata terrae habebit sex toddas

unum arietem precii octo denariorum ad mi- herbae, et dimidia virgata terrte tres toddas.

nus, et quilibet falcans habebit unum panem Tnquis. temp. Edw. I. de Hundr. de Langtre.

precii oboli. Et hi conjunctim habebunt unam in com. Oxoii. Blount, l66.

carectatam bosci; et unum caseum precii qu»* t See Castle-Baynard, p. 41 61.

almes

520

aliiies fo the poor, kept great hospitality, and re-edified the decayed
prison (priory) of Dunnaowe, which one Juga (Baynard) a most
devout and reUgious woman, being in her kinde his ancestor, had
builded ; in which prison (priory) arose a custome, begun and in-
stituted, eyther by him, or some other of his successours, which is
verified by a common proverbe or saying, viz. That he which re-
pents him not of his marriage, either sleeping or waking, in a year
and a day, may lawfully go to Dunmow and fetch a gammon of
bacon. It is most assured that such a custome there was, and
that this bacon was delivered with such solemnity and triumphs as
they of the priory and the townsmen could make. I have enquired
of the manner of it, and can learne no more but that it continued
Tuntill the dissolution of that house, as also the abbies. And that
the party or pilgrim for bacon was to take his oath before prior and
convent, and the whole town, humbly kneeling in the church-yard
upon two hard-pointed stones, which stones some say are there
yet to be seen in the prior's church-yard ; his oath was ministred
with such long process, and such solemne singing over him, that
doubtless must make his pilgrimage (as I may terme it) painfull :
after, he was taken up upon men's shoulders, and carried, first
about the priory church-yard, and after, through the town with
all the fryers and brethren, and all the town's-folke, young and
old, following him with shouts and acclamations, with his bacon
borne before him, and in such manner (as I have heard) was sent
home with his bacon ; of which I find that some had a gammon,
and others a flecke, or a flitch ; for proof whereof I have, from the
records of the house, found the names of three several persons tha^
at several times had it.

Anno 23 Hen, VI. (1445). Memorandum, that one Richard

Wright,

521

Wright, of Badbury, near the teity of Norwich, in the county of
Norfolk, labourer, (plebeius) came to Dunmow and required the
bacon, to wit, on the 2Tth of April, in the 23d year of the reign
of King Henry VI. and, according to the form of the charter, was
sworn before John Cannon, prior of the place and the convent, and
very many other neighbours, and there was delivered to him the
said Richard a side or flitch of bacon. ^ *| j

Anno 7 Edw. IV. (1467). Memorandum, that one Stephen
Samuel, of Ayston Parva, in the county of Essex, husbandman, on
the day of the blessed Virgin, in Lent, (25th March) in the 7th
year of King Edward IV., came to the priory of Dunmow, and re-
quired a gammon of bacon ; and he was sworn before Roger
Bulcott, then prior of the place and the convent, and also before a
multitude of other neighbours, and there was delivered to him a
gammon of bacon.

Anno 2 Hen. VIIL Memorandum, that in the year of our lord
1510, Thomas le Fuller, of Cogshall, in the county of Essex, cam&
to the priory of Dunmow, and on the 8th day of September, being
Sunday, in the 2d year of King Henry VIII., according to the
form of the charter, was sworn before John Tils, then prior of the
house and the convent, and also before a multitude of neighbours,
and there was delivered to him, the said Thomas, a gammon of
bacon.

Hereby it appeareth, that it was according to a charter, or dona-
tion, given by some conceited benefactor to the house ; ajid it, is>
not to be doubted, but that at such a time, the bordering tawnes and
villages resorted, and were partakers of their pastimes, . and laught
fo scorne the poor man's paynes.

3 X TH^

522

THE FORM OF THE OATH TAKEN BY THOSfi AT
DUNMOW, WHO ARE TO HAVE THE BACON.

' You shall swear by custom of confession,
If ever you made nuptial transgression.
Be you either married man or wife,
If you have brawls or contentious strife ;
Or otherwise at bed or at board.

Offended each other in deed or word ; ^ n

Or since the parish clerk said amen, j ■ •;

Yo wished yourselves unmarried agen,
Or in a twelve-moneth and a day
Repented not in thought any way ;
But continued true in thouo-ht and desire.
As when you joined hands in the quire.
If to these conditions, without all feare,
Of your own accord you will freely sweare,
A whole gammon of bacon you shall receive.
And bear it hence with love and gfood leave :
For this is our custom at Dunmow well knowne.
Though the pleasm'e be ours, the bacon's your own*.

Since the suppression of the priory, this custom is still kept up,
and the ceremony is performed at a court baron for this manor, by
the steward ; of which we have the following instances :

At a court baron of Sir Thomas May, knight, holden on the

* Ex Colleclan. D. Richsrdii S. Georg. variations. Ex Reg. Priorat. de Dunmow.
Equit. Auiat. Arniorum Regis, 1640, 2 Mon. JBioiint, 162. See also the new edition of
Angl. 78. See the same account, with some Brand's Popular Antiquities.

7th

523

Tth of June, 1701, before Thomas Wheeler, gentleman, steward,:
the homage being five fair ladies, spinsters, namely, Elizabeth
Beaumont, Henrietta Beaumont, Annabella Beaumont, Jane Beau-
mont, and Mary Wheeler ; they found that John Reynolds, of Hat-
field Brodoke, gentleman, and Anne his wife, and William Parsley,
of Much Easton, butcher, and Jane his wife, by means of their
quiet and peaceable, tender and loving cohabitation for the space
of three years last past and upwards, were fit and qualified per-
sons to be admitted by the court to receive the antient and ac-
customed oath, whereby to entitle themselves to have the bacon
of Dunmow delivered unto them according to the custom of the
manor. Accordingly, having taken the oath, kneeling on the two
great stones near the church door, the bacon was delivered to each
couple.

The last who received it were John Shakeshanks, wool-comber,
and Anne his wife, of Wethersfield, on the 20th of June, 1751 *.

CHESTER CITY and COUNTY.

Randall Blundeville, Earl of Chester, towards the latter end
of the reign of King Richard I., being suddenly besieged by the
Welch in the Castle of Rutbelent, in Flintshire, sent to his con-
stable of Cheshire, one Roger Lacy (for his fierceness surnamed.
Hell) to hasten with what force he could to his relief.

It happened to be on Midsummer-day, and a great fair then
held at Chester; whereupon Roger immediately got together a
great lawless mob of fidlers, players, coblers, and the like, and

■ * Morant'g Hist, of Essex, vol. ii. p. 430. ~ ''

8x2 marched

524

inarched instantly towards the earl ; and the Welch, perceiving a
great multitude approaching, raised the siege and fled.

The earl being thus freed, came back with his constable to
Chester; and in memory of this service, by a charter, granted to
Roger Lacy and his heirs, power over all the fidlers, letchers,
whores, and coblers, in Chester.

About the latter end of the reign of King John, or beginning of
King Henry III., Roger Lacy, being dead, his son, John Lacy, by
the following deed, granted to one Hugh Button, his steward, and
to his heirs, the rule and authority over all the letchers and whores
in the county, viz.

" Know all men present and to come, that I John, constable of
Chester, have given and granted, and by this my present
charter have confirmed to Hugh de Dutton, and his heirs,
the government of all the letchers ^ and whores of all
Cheshire, as freely as I hold that government of the earl,
saving my right to me and my heirs *"

Though the original grant makes no mention of giving rule over
fidlers and minstrels, yet ancient custom has now reduced it only
to the minstrelsey ; for probably, the rout which the constable
brought to the rescue of the earl, were debauched persons drink-
ing with their sweet-hearts at the fair, the fidlers that attended
them, and i^uch loose persons as he could get.

* Sciant praesentes et futuri, quod ego, tiatum omnium leceatorum et meretricum

jobatines constabularius Cestriae, dedi et con- totius Cestershiriae, sicttt liberius ilium magis-

cessi, et hac praesenti charta mea confirmavi tratum teneo de comite. Salvo jure meo, mihi

Hugoni de Dutton et haeredibus suis, magis.- ctbsBredibusmeis. Sine dat. circa annum 1220.

525

In the 14th Hen. VIT. a quo warranto was brought against Law-
rence Button, of Button, esquire, to shew why he claimed dll the
minstrels of Cheshire and the city of Chester, to appear before
him or his steward, at Chester, yearly, on the feast of St. John the
Baptist, and to give him at the said feast, four flaggons of wine
and a lance, and also every minstrel then to pay him four-pence
half-penny, and why he claimed from every whore in Cheshire
and the city of Chester, exercising her trade, four-pence, to be
paid yearly at the feast aforesaid *. To which he pleaded pre-
scription -f •.

In the statutes of the 14th Eliz. cap. 5, and the 39th Eliz. cap. 4,
the first intituled, " An Act for the Punishment of Vagabonds, and
for the Relief of the Poor and Impotent ;" and the latter intituled,
" An Act for Punishment of Rogues, Vagabonds, and Sturdy
Beggars," both now repealed, are inserted the following pro-
viso, viz :

" Provided always, that this act, or any thing therein contained,
or any authority thereby given, shall not in any wise extend to
disinherit, prejudice, or hinder John Button, of Button, in the
county of Chester, esquire, his heirs or assigns for, touching, or

* Laurentius dominus de Dutton clamat retrice infra comitatutn Cestriae et infra Ce;^

quod omnes mihstrelli infra civitatem Cestriae triam manente, et ofBciam suum exereente,

et infra Cestriam manentes, vel officia ibidem quatuor denarios per ann. ad festum pree-

exercentes, debent convenire coram ipso, vel dictum, &c. Inter Placita apud Cestriam, 14

senescallo suo apud Cestriam, ad festum nativi- Hen.VII. Blount, 157. Law Diet, sub voce

tatis S. Johannis Baptists^, annuatim, et dabunt Minstrel.

sibi ad dictum festum quatuor lagenas vini et- f Sir Peter Leycester's Antiq. of Chesh.

unam lanceam; et insuper quilibet eorum 141,142.251. Burn's Justice, tit. Vagrants,

dabit sibi quatuor denarios et unum obolum Blount, 158.
ad dictum festum, et habere de qualiliet me-

concerning

526

concerning any liberty, pre-eminence, authority, jurisdiction, or
inheritance, which the said John Dutton now lawfully useth, or
hath, or lawfully may, or ought to use, within the county paVitine
of Chester and the county of the city of Chester, or either of
them, by reason of any antient charters of any kings of this
land, or by reason of any prescription, usage, or title whatso-
ever *."

In the 43d Eliz. cap. 9, which continued the said act of the 39th
Eliz. the above clause was continued only for one year, except
before the end of the said year, the said John Dutton, or his heirs,
should procure the Lords Chief Justices and Lord Chief Baron,
or two of them, on hearing his allegations and proofs, to make
certificate into the Chancery, to be there enrolled, that the said
John Dutton, or his heirs, ought lawfully (if no statute against
rogues or beggars had been made) by charter, tenure, or pre-
scription, to have such liberty of licensing of minstrels as he
claimed and used f-.

In the statute of the 1st Jac. I. cap. 25, the same clause was con-
tinued without limitation ; so that it is probable such proof had then
been made as is above mentioned 1^:.

And in the act of the 17th Geo. II. cap. 5, commonly called the
Vagrant Act, a like proviso is inserted in favour of the heirs or
assigns of John Dutton, of Dutton, esquire. So that the right has
now been established, by act of parliament (ever since the year
1572) above two hundred years §.

* Stat. 39 Eliz. cap. 4. J Stat. 1 Jac. I. cap. 25, sect. 20.

t Ibid. 43 Lliz. cap. 9. § Ibid. 17 Geo. II. cap. 0.

The

527

The heirs of the said Hugh Button enjoy the same power and
authority over the minstrelsy of Cheshire, even to this day *, and
keep a court every year upon the feast of St. John the Baptist, at
Chester, being the fair-day, where all the minstrels of the county
and city do attend and play before the lord of Button, upon their
several instruments ; he or his deputy then riding through the city,
thus attended, to the church of St John the Baptist, many gentlemen
of the county a^cconipanying him, and one walking before him in a
surcoat of his arms, depicted upon taffata ; and after divine service
ended, holds his court in the city, where he or his steward renews
the whole licences granted to the minstrels, and gives such new
ones as he thinks fit, under the hand and seal of himself or his
steward, none presuming to exercise that faculty there, without it.
But now-f- this dominion or privilege is by a daughter and heir of
Thomas Button, devolved to the Lord Gerard of Gerard-Bromley,
in Staffordshire X-

^ Leccatorum. Leccator, a riotous debauched person, a roaring
boy, a tavern-hunter. Blount's Law Bict. in verbo. Buffoons. A.

¥ TUTBURY, COUNTY OF STAFFORB.

" Henry the Sixth, by the grace of God, King of England and
France, and Lord of Ireland, to all to whom these presents shall
come : greeting. We have seen the letters patent of John, late
King of Castile and Leon, Buke of Lancaster, our great-grand-
father, in these words :"

•' John, by the grace of God, King of Castile and Leon, Buke

* So said by Mr. Blount, anno lt579. t Sir Peter Leicester's Antiq. of Chesh.

tibid. Bloun;, 156.

528

of Lancaster, to all those who these our letters shall see or hear :
greeting. Know ye that we have ordained, constituted, and as-
signed our well-beloved king of minstrels, within our ho-
nour of Tuttebury, \vho now is, or shall be for the time coming,
to take and arrest all the minstrels within our said honour and
franchise who refuse to do their services and minstrelsy to them
belonging, from time out of mind, at Tuttebury aforsaid, yearly,
on the day of the Assumption of our Lady, (15th of August). Giving
and granting to the said king of minstrels, for the time being, full
power and commandment to execute reasonable judgment, and
to constrain them to do their services and minstrelsies in the man-
ner that belongs to them, and as they have been used, and of old
time accustomed. And in witness of this, we have caused these
our letters patent to be made. Given under our privy seal, at our
Castle of Tuttebury, the 22d day of August, in the fourth year of
the reign of our most gracious King Richard II. 1380."

" And we, at the request of eur beloved in Christ, Thomas

Gedny, prior of Tuttebury, have by these presents caused the

aforesaid letters patent to be exemplified. In witness whereof, we

have caused these our letters to be made patent. Given under

the seal of our duchy of Lancaster, at our palace of Westminster,

the 22d day of February, in the twenty-first year of our reign,

1442 *."

Also

* Henricus Sextus, Dei gracia Rex Angliae par le grace de Dieu Roy de Castille et de

et Franciae, et dominus Hiberniae, omnibus ad Leon, Due de Laiicastre, a touts ceux qui

quos presentes literae perveuerint salutem. castes nos letres verront ou orront saluz.

Inspeximus literas patentes Johannis nuper Saches nous avoir ordenoz constitut et assignez

Regis Caslellse et Legionis, Ducis Lancastriae, nostre bien ame Roy des miustraulx

proavi nostri, factas iu haec verba. Johan, deins nostre honor de Tuttebury quore est,

529

Also there is there a certain custom, that the players coming to
morning prayers on the feast of the Assumption of the blessed
Mary, (I5th August) are to hare a bull from the prior of Tutte-
bury, if they can take him on that side the water of Do\e next
Tuttebury, or the prior is to give them forty pence; for which
said custom twenty pence shall be given to the lord at the said
feast, yearly *.

The prior of Tutburye-f-, shall have yearly, one oure Lady-
dey, the Assumption, a bukke delivered him of seyssone by the
wood-master and kepers of Nedewoode : and the wood-master and
kepers of Nedewoode shale, every yere, mete at a lodgge in Nede-
woode, called Birkeley Lodgge, by one of the cloke att afternone
one Seynt Laurence Dey ; at which dey and place a wood-moote

ou qui pur le temps serra, pur prendre et
arrester touts les minstralx deins mesme nostre
honeur et franchise, queux refusont de faire
lour services et minstrakie as eux appurte-
nants, a faire de antient temps a Tuttebury,
suis dit annualment hs jours del Assumption
de nostre Dame. Donants et grantants au
dit roy de minstralx pur le temps, esteant
plien poyer et mandement de les faire rea-
sonablement juslilier, et constrener de faire
Jour services et niinistralcies en manere come
appeint, et come illongnes ad este use et de
antient temps accustome. Et en teslmoig-
niance de quel chose nous avons fait faire
cestes noz letres patents. Don souz nostre
privie seale, a nostre Chastel de Tuttebury
le XXII. jour de August le an de Regne
nostre tres dulce le Roy Richard Quart.
!Nos autem literas praedictas ad requisitionem
dilecti nobis in Christo, Thomas Gedney,
prioris de Tuttebury, duximus exempliiicandas

per presentes. In ciijus rei testimonium has
literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Datum
sub sigillo nostri Ducatus Lancastr. apud par
latium nostrum de West, xxii die Febr. anno
Regni nostri vicessimo primo. Ex Regist. de
Tutebury, penes Henricum Agard, militem-,
Mon. Angl. i. 35.5. Blount, I67.

-* Item est ibidem qusedam consuetudo
quod histriones venientes ad matutinas in festo
Assumptionis beatse Marias habcbimt unum
taurum de priore de Tuttebury, si ipsum
capere possunt citra aquam Dove propin*
quiorem Tuttebury, vel, prior, dabit eis XLd^
pro qua quidem consuetudine dabuntur domino
ad dictum festum annuatim xxd. Ex Regist,
de Tutbury, Mon. Angl. i. 335. Blount,
IG8.

-t* The Earl of Devonshire was in the placie
of prior in Mr. Blount's time, as the Duke ctf
Devonshire is -now.

shall

530

shall be kept, and every keper makinge deffalte shall loose xii d. to
the kitige, and there the wood-master and kepers shall chose ii of
the kepers yearly as itt coraeth to their turne, to be stewards for to
prepare the dyner at Tutburye Castell one oure Ladye-dey, the As-
sumption, for the wood-master, and kepers, and officers within the
chase, and there they shall appoint in lykewyse where the bukke
shall be kylled for the prior against the saide Ladye-deye ; and also
where the bukke shall be kylde for the keper's dyner ageinst the
same day ; and on the saide feaste of Assumption the wood-master
or his lyvetenant, and the kepers and their deputies, shall be at
Tutburye, and every man one horsebake, and soo ryde in order two
and two together from the Yate, called the Lydeat, goinge into the
common felde unto the highe crose in the towne ; and the keper in
whose office the Seynte Marye bukke was kylled, shall beire the
bukk's heede garnished aboute with a rye of pease ; and the bukk's
heede must be cabaged ^ with the hole face and yeers beinge one
the sengill[*] of the bukke, with two peces of fatte one either sids
of the sengill must be fastened uppon the broo-anklers['j] of the
same heed, and every keper must have a grene boghe in his hand ;
and every keper that is absent that day, beinge nodder sikke nor in
the king's service, shall lose xii d. and soo the kepers shall ridde
two and tAvo together tyll they come to the said crosse in the towne ;
and all the minstrells shall jjoe afore tliem one foote two and two
together ; and the wood-master, or in his absence his lyvetenant,
shall ride hindermast after all the kepers ; and at the said crosse in
the town the foremast keper shall blow a seeke [:}:;], and all the other
kepers shall answcre him in blowinge the same, and when they
come to the Cornell ageinst the Yue-hall, the formast keper shall
blowe a recheate [§], and all the other kepers shall answere hyme in
blowinge of the same ; and so they shall ride still tyll they come into

the

531

the church-yorde, and then light and goo into the ehurche in like
arrey, and all the minstrels shall pley one their instruments duringe
the offeringe tyme, and the wood-master, or in his absence his live-
tenant, shall offer up the bukk's head mayd in silver, and every
keper shall offer a peny, and as soone as the bukk's head is offered
uppe, all the kepers shall blovve a morte[H], three tymes; and then
all the kepers goo into a cliappell, and shall there have one of the
monks redye to sey them masse ;tand when masse is done, all the
kepers goo in like arreye uppe to the castell to dynner; and when
dynner is done the stewartis goo to the prior of Tutburye, and he
shall give them yeerly xxx s. towards the charges of ther dynner;
and if the dynner come to more, the kepers shall beir it amongst
them : and one the morrow after the Assumption there is a court
kept of the minstrells, at which court the wood-master or his lyve-
tenant shall be ; and shall oversee that every minstrell dwellinge
within the honor and makinge defaute shall be amereyed ; whiche
amercement the kinge of the minstrels shall have ; and after the
courte done, the pryor shall deliver the minstrels a bull, or xTiii s.
of money; and shall turne hyme loose amongs them, and if he
escape from them over Dove-river, the bull is the priour's owne
ao-ene ; and if the minstrels can take the bull ore he gett over Dove,
then the bull is their owne ^. i

f Cabaged. Cabossed. Cut off close behind the ears.

[*] SengilL Single, or tail.

[f] Broo-ankelers. Brow-antlers.

^ Ont of the Coucher-book of the honour of Tutbury. Cap. de Libertatibus. Blount, 168,:

3 T 2 [X] Blowe

532

[:|:] Blowe a seeke. A manner of blowing a huntsman's horn, sueh
as is used when they seek a deer.

[I] Blowe a recheate. Such as the huntsmen blow to call the
hounds back from a false scent.

It occurs in Much Ado about Nothinff, act i. sc. i. where Benedick
says to ClaLudio :

" That a woman conceived me, f thank her ; that she brought me
" up, I likewise give her most huriible thanks : but that I will
" have a recheate winded in my forehead, or hang my bugle in
" an invisible baldrick, all women shall pardon me."

A recheate is the sound by which dogs are called back. Johnson.

Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

[II] Blowe a morte. A particular air that is blown on the horn when
the deer is killed, or killing.

THE MODERN USAGE.

Upon the morrow after the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin,
being the 26th (16th) of August, all the musicians within the honour
are to repair to the bailiff's house in Tutbury, where the steward of
the court * (who is usually a nobleman), and the wood-master or his
lieutenant are to meet them, from whence they go to the church in
this order : first, two wind musicians, as trumpets or long pipes ;

* The steward in Mr. Blount's time was prior. Blount, 171. At present his Grace the
the Duke of Ormond, and Mr. Edward Fo- Duke of DeTon$hire is the owner of it. -
, 4en his deputy. The Earl of Devon was then

then

^33

ihen four stFing musicians, two and two, all playing ; then the
steward of the court, or his deputy, and the bailiff of the manor,
deputed by the Earl of Djevon *, the kiiig of music going between
them : after whom the four stewards of music, each with a white
wand in his hand, and the rest of the company follow in order.

At the church, the vicar of Tutbury for the time being, reads the
service of the day, for which every musician pays him a penny ;
then all go from the church to thife castle, in manner as before, where
the steward takes his place upon the bench in court, assisted with
the bailiff and wood-master, the king of music sitting between them
to see that every minstrel within the honour, being called, and
making default, be presented and amerced by the jury, which
amerciaments are collected by the stewards of music, who account
the one moiety to his majesty's auditor, the other they retain them-
selves, for their pains in collecting them. When the king, steward,
and the rest, are so sate, the steward commands an oyez to be
made three times bj one of the musicians, as cryer of the court, that
all minstrels within the honour, residing in the counties of Stafifbrd,
Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, or Warwick, do appear to do their
suit and service, on such pain and peril as the court shall inflict for
their default ; essoigns nevertheless are allowed, in excuse of de-
faulters, upon good reason shewed.

After which all the said minstrels are called by a suit-roll, as
suitors are in a court-leet, and then two juries are impannelled of
the chief minstrels, by the stewards of music, each jury consisting of
twelve, which are returned into the court, where the steward swears
them ; the form of their oath is the same which is given in a court-

* Now Duke of Devonshire,

le,et,

leet, only in a leet the jury swear to keep the king's counsel, their
fellows and their own ; in this, to keep the king of music's coun-
sel, their fellows and their own.

The better to inform the jurors of their duty, the steward gives
them a charge *, in commendation of the ancient science of music,
shewing what admirable effects it has produced, what kings and
noble persons have been professors of it, what manner of persons
the professors ought to be, and to admonish them to choose skilful
and good men to be officers for the year ensuing. The officers
chosen by the juries are one king and three stewards of music ; the
fourth is chosen by the steward of the court. The king is chosen
one year out of the minstrels of Staffordshire, and the next year
out of those of Derbyshire.

The steward of the court issues out warrants to the stewards of
music in their several districts, by virtue whereof they are to dis-
train and levy in any city, town corporate, or other place within the
honour, all such fines and amerciaments as are imposed by the
juries on any minstrel for offences committed against the dignity and
honour of the profession ; the one moiety of which fines the
stewards account for at the next audit, the other they retain them-
selves.

As soon as the charge is given, an oyez is made, with a pro-
clamation, that if any persons can inform the court of any offence
committed by any minstrel within the said honour, since the last
court, which is against the honour of his profession, let them come

'"* The former editor of this work was pro- Jalyi 17&2, p. 336, but which was not ob-

mised a copy of the accoimt of the minstrel's tained. A copy has been since procured, und

court, and of the Charge given at it to the_- will be found inserted at the end of the pre-

minstrels, by a gentleman who signed A. W. senjt article,

to a letter in ibe Genllenaan's Magazine for forth

535

forth and they shall be heard. Then the juries withdraw td con-
sider of the points of the charge, and the old stewards of music
bring irito^the court a treat of wine, ale, and cakes, and at the same
time some minstrels are appointed to entertain the company in
court with some merry airs ; after which the juries present one to
be l^ing for the year ensuing, who takes his oath to keep up all the
dignities of that noble science, &c Then the old king ariseth from
his place, resigning it and his whijte wand to the new king, to whom
he also drinks a glass of wine^ and bids him joy of his honour :
and the old stewards do the like to the new ; which done, the court
adjourns to a certain hour after noon, and all return back in the
same order they came to the castle, to a place where the old king,
at his own cost, prepares a dinner for the new king, steward of the
court, bailiff, stewards of music, and the jurymen.

After dinner all the minstrels repair to the Priory Gate in Tut-
bury, without any manner of weapons, attending the turning out of
the l)ull, which the bailiff of the manor is obliged to provide, and
is there to have the tips of his horns sawed off, his ears and tail cut
off, his body smeared all over with soap, and his nose blown full of
beaten pepper. Then the steward causes proclamation to be made,
that all manner of persons, except minstrels, shall give way to the
bull, and not come within forty foot of him, at their own peril, nor
binder the minstrels in their pursuit of him : after which proclama-
tion the prior's bailiff turns out the bull among the minstrels, and
if any of them can cut off a piece of his skin before he runs into
Derbyshire, then he is the king of music's bull ; but if the bull gets
into Derbyshire, sound and uncut, he is the lord prior's again.

If the bull be taken, and a piece of him cut off, then he is
brou«J-ht to the bailiffs house, and there collared and roped, and so

brought

536

brought to the Bull-riug, in the High-street in Tutbury, and there
baited with dogs ; the first course, in honour of the king of music ;
the second, in honour of the prior ; the third, for the town ; and if,
more, for divertisement of the spectators ; and after he is baited, the
king may dispose of him as he pleases.

This usage is of late perverted, the young men of Stafford and
Derby shires contend with cudgels about a yard long, the one party
to drive the bull into Derbyshire, the other to keep him in Stafford-
shire, in which contest many heads are often broken.

(The king of music and the bailiff have also of late compounded,
the bailiff giving the king five nobles (£l 13 s. 4d.) in lieu of his
right to the bull,^ and then sends him to the Earl of Devon's manor
of Hardwick, to be fed and given to the poor at Christmas *.)

N. B. The minstrels court, bull running, &c, at Tutbury, were
entirely abolished by the Duke of Devonshire in the year 1778, at
the request of the inhabitants of that village, owing to the outrages
usually committed on those occasions •\:

SOME ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST ERECTION OF THE
MINSTRELS COURT, &c. AT TUTBURY +.

" Quickly after the Conquest, Henry de Ferrars, a nobleman of
Normandy (as Mr. Camden stiles him), who came in with Duke
William, and had large possessions in the counties of Derby, Staf-

fprd, Warwick, Leicester, Nottingham, &c. built Tutbury Castle

■ '■ _____ _ »

* Blount, 167, to the end.

•f See Letter signed A. W. Gentleman's Magazine for July> 1782, p. 336,

J See the note, p. 534,

upon

587

upon that hill of alabaster where it now stands, which continued in
his faluiily till Robert de Ferrars, Earl of Derby, (after pardon ob-
tained for a former rebellion) revolted a second time and joined with
Simon Mountford against King Henry III., by whom, being taken
prisoner, he was fined for his offence ^50,000 sterling, (a vast sum in
those days) to be paid simul et semel in uno die ss. in quindena Job;
Bap. which fine the king gave to his son Edmund, Earl of Lancaster;
Earl Robert obliging himself, upon non-payment, to forfeit all his lands,
except Chartley in Staffordshire, and Holbrocin Derbyshire, to the
saidEdmund, which (because such a sum could by no means be raised)
was accordingly done, and so Tutbury came to the family of Lancaster,
and at length to be the head seat of the duchy, in which it flourished
till the rebellion of Thomas Earl of Lancaster, anno 1322, temp.
Edw. II., who fortified it against the king, but could not hold it,
when, as Mr. Erdeswicke thinks, this first castle was^brought to
decay, and not re-edified till it came into the possession of John of
Gaunt, who built the present castle, walling it oh all sides but
one, where the hiJl is so steep that it needed no such fence ; from
whose time it continued in tolerable condition till the late civil war,
temp. Car. I,, when it was taken, and for the most part demolished
by the rebels, as may be seen by the ruins, it remaining much in the ,
same condition they left it to this very day-

« Durino- the time of which ancient Earls and Dukes of Lancaster,
who were ever of the blood royal, great men in their times, had
their abode, and keeping a liberal hospitality there at their honour of
Tutbury, there could not but be a general concourse of people from
all parts hither, for whose diversion all sorts of musicians were per-
mitted likewise to come to pay their services, amongst whom (bein^
jiumerous) some quarrels and disorders now and then arising, it was

S z found

538

found necessary, after a while, that they should be brought under
rules, divers laws being made for the better regulation of them,
and a governor appointed them by the name of a king, who had
several officers under him to see to the execution of those laws, full
power being granted to them to apprehend and arrest any such
minstrels appertaining to the said honour as should refuse to do
their services in due manner, and constrain them to do theni, as
appears by the charter granted to the said king of minstrels by
John of Gaunt, King of Castile and Leon, and Duke of Lancaster,
bearing date the 22d of August, in the fourth year of the reign of
King Richard II., intituled, ' Carta le Roy de Ministraulx," a trans-
lation of which has been already given, p. 527.

" Upon this, in process of time, the defaulters being many, and
the amerciaments by the officers perhaps sometimes not over rea-
sonable, concerning which and other matters, controversies fre-
quently arising, it was found necessary that a court should be
erected to hear plaints and determine controversies between party
and party before the steward of the honour, which is held there to
this day on the morrow after the Assumption, being the 16th of August,
on which day they now also do all the services mentioned in the
abovesaid grant, and have the bull due to them anciently from the
prior of Tutbury, now from the Earl of Devonshire, whereas they
had it formerly on the Assumption of our Lady, as appears by an in-
speximus of King Henry YI. relating to the customs of Tutbury,
already quoted.

" Thus, I say, the services of the minstrels were performed, and the
l)ull enjoyed anciently on the feast of the Assumption; but now they
are done and had in the manner following : on the court day, or
morrow of the Assumption, being the 16th of August, at which

time

539

time all the minstrels within the honour come first to the bailiff'^
house of the manor of Tutbury (who is now the Earl of Devonshire );,
where, the steward for the court to be holden for the king as Duke
of Lancaster (who is now the Duke of Ormond), or his deputy^
meeting them, they all go from thence to the parish church ,of
Tutbury, two and two together, music playing ; before them, .the
king of the minstrels for the year past walking between the
stew§ird and the bailiffs, or their deputies, the four, stewards ov
under officers ^of the said king of minstrels, with each a white
wand in his hand, immediately following them, and then the rest
of the company in order. Being come to the church, the vicar reads
them divine service, choosing psalms and lessons proper for the oc-
casion. In the year 1680, the psalms were the 98th, 149th, and
150th; the first lesson the 2d book of Chronicles, chapter 5, and
the second lesson the 5th chapter of the Epistle to the Ephesians,
to the 22d verse; for which service every minstrel offered a penny^
as a due always paid to the vicar of the church of Tutbury upon
this solemnity. I ,

" Service being ended, they proceed in like manner as before from
the church to the castle-hall or court, where the steward or his de-
puty taketh his place, assisted by the bailiff or his deputy ; the king
of the minstrels sitting between them, who is to oversee that every
minstrel dwellino- within the honour, aiid making; default, shall be
presented and amerced, which that he may the better do, an oyez is
then made by one of the officers, being a minstrel, three times,
givihg notice by direction of the steward to all manner of minstrels
dwelling within the honour of Tutbury, viz, within the counties of
Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, and W^trwick, owing; suit
and service to his majesty's coiirf of music, here holden as this

3z-2 " ' * 'dkyl

540

day, that every man draw near and give his attendance, upon pain
and peril that may otherwise ensue, and that if any man will be
essoigned of suit or plea, he and they should come in, and they
should be heard. Then all the musicians being called over by a
court roll, two juries are impannelled out of twenty-four of the suffi-
cientest of them, twelve for Staffordshire and twelve for the other
counties, whose names being- delivered in court to the steward
and called over, and appearing to be full juries, the foreman
of such is first sworn, and then the residue, as is usual in
other courts, upon the Holy Evangelists ; then to move them the
better to mind their duties to the king and their own good, the
steward proceeds to give them their charge, first commending to
their consideration the origin of all music, both wind and string
music, the antiquity and excellence of both, setting forth the force
of it upon the affections by divers examples ; how the use of it has
always been allowed (as is plain from holy writ) in praising and
glorifying God, and the skill in it always esteemed so considerable,
that it is still accounted in the schools one of the liberal arts, and
flowed in all godly Christian commonwealths ; where, by the way,
he commonly takes notice of the statute which reckons some musi-
cians as vagabonds and rogues, giving them to understand that
such societies as theirs, thus legally founded, and governed by
laws, are by no means intended by that statute ; for which reason
the minstrels belonging to the manor of Dutton, in the county
palatine of Chester, are expressly excepted in that act; exhorting
them, upon this account, to preserve their reputation ; to be very
■careful to make choice of such men to be officers amongst them as
fear God* and are of good life and conversation, and have know-
ledge and skill in the practice of their art. The charge being
ended, the jurors proceed to the election of the said officers ; the

king

541

king being to be cbopen out of the four stewards of the preceding
year, and one year out of Staffordshire and another year out of Derbyr
shire, interchangeably, and the four stewards [two] out of Stafford-
shire and tw« out of Derbyshire, three being chosen by the jurors,
and the fourth by him that keeps the court, and the deputy steward
or clerk.

" The jurors departing the court for this purpose, leave the steward
with his assistants still in their places (who, in the mean time, make
themselves merry with a banquet, and a noise of musicians playing
to them, the old king still sitting between the steward and bailiff as
before) but returning again after a competent time, they present first
their chiefest oflScer by the name of their king ; then the old king
arising from his place, delivereth him a little white wand in token
of his sovereignty, and then taking a cup filled with wine, drinketh
to him, wishing him all joy and prosperity in his office : in the like
manner do the old stewards to the new ; and then the old kino-
riseth, and the new one taketh his place, and so do the new stewards
of the old, who have full power and authority, by virtue of the
king's stewards warrant, directed from the said court, to levy and
distrain in any city, town corporate, or in any place within the
kinar's dominions, all such fines and amerciaments as are inflicted
by the said jurors that day upon any minstrel, for his or their
offences, committed in the breach of any of their orders made for
the good rule and government of the said society ; for which said
fines and amerciaments, so distrained, or otherwise peaceably col-
lected, the said stewards are accountable at every audit, one moiety
going to the king's majesty, aad the other the said stewards have
for their own use.

The

542

" The election, &c. being thus concluded, the court riseth, and all
persons then repair to another fair room, within the castle, where
a plentiful dinner is then provided for them, which, being ended,
the minsti'els went antiently to the abbey gate, now to a little
barn by the town side, in expectation of the bull to be turned forth
to them, which was formerly done by the prior of Tutbury, late by
the Earl of Devonshire, according to the custom before mentioned,
pp. 535, 536.

" And thus this rustic sport, which they call the bull-running,
should be annually performed by the minstrels only, but now a-days
they are assisted by the promiscuous multitude that flock hither
in great numbers, and are much pleased with it, thougb sometimes
through emulation in point of manhood, that has been lono- che-
rished between the Staffordshire and Derbyshire men, perhaps as
much mischief may have been done in the trial between them, as
in the Feu de Taureau, or Bull-fighting practised atValentia, Madrid,
and in many other places in Spain, whence, perhaps, this our
custom of bull-running might be derived, and set up here by John
of Gaunt, who was King of Castile and Leon, and lord of the
honour of Tutbury ; for why might not we receive this sport from
the Spaniards, as well as they from the Romans, and the Romans
from the Greeks, wherein I am the more confirmed, for that the
Italians, who first instituted this game, and of whom Julius Csesar
learned it, and brought it to Rome, were celebrated much about
the same time of the year as our bull-running is, viz. on the 12th
of August, which perhaps John of Gaunt, in honour of the Assump-
tion of our Lady, being but three days after, might remove to the
15th, as after ages did (that all the solemnity and court might
be kept on the same day to avoid further trouble) to the 16th of

August." rpjj^

543

THE MANNER OF KEEPING THE MINSTRELS' COURT

IN TUTBURY CASTLE

First, call the court after this manner, with three oyez's, viz.

' All minstrels within this honour, residing in the counties of
Stafford, Derby, Nottingham, Leicester, and Warwick, come in
" and do your suit and service, or you will be amerced."

Then call over the suit roll.

After that call over two juries, one for Staffordshire and another
for Derbyshire ; swear the foremen by themselves, and the rest by
three or four at a time.

FOREMAN'S OATH,

" You, as foreman of this Inquest, shall diligently enquire and
*;' true presentment make of all such articles, matters, and things,
" as shall be given you in charge; the king of the minstrel's coun-
" eels, your fellows, and your own, you shall keep secrete and
^' not disclose but in open court; you shall present no man for
?' hatred or malice, or spare any man for fear, favour, affection,
<' or hope of reward, but in all- things, according to the best of
" your knowledge, and information that you shall receive, you shall
" present the truth,, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

« So help you God."

Then swear the rest thus : , . "

" The same oath that your foreman hath taken on his part, you
" and every! of you, on your parts, shall well and truly observe,

" perform, >and keep, ui A si

,. ..„ • . i " So help you God."

,: >i!i>. ■ Then

544

Then make proclaoiation thus :

" You gentlemen that are here sworn, draw near and hear your
*« charge, and all other persons are commanded to keep silence,
" on pain of being fined."

Then give the charge, vide p. 545.

After the charge is given, proclamation is to be made thus :

" If any can inform the steward of this court, or these inquests,
" of any offence committed by any minstrel, within this honor,
" since the last court, against the dignity of his profession, let
" them come forth and they shall be heard."

Then the jurors will present a king, who is to be sworn as
follows :

" You as king of the minstrels belonging to this honorable and
" ancient court, shall, to the uttermost of your power, maintain
" all the customs and rights heretofore established in this court,
*' and shall preserve unto the society of the minstrels, all their
*' ancient rights, privileges, and customs anciently by them en-
" joyed, and which of right do belong unto th^m, and that what
" you now promise you will perform and keep.

" So help you God."

Then two stewards for Derbyshire, and two for Staffordshire, are
to be sworn thus :

" You shall swear that you, and every of you, shall well and
" truly serve the king of the minstrels in the offices of stewards,
" and shall do right to all the minstrels ^nd others therein con-

" eerned,

545

" cerned, according to the usages and customs of this court, and

" shall endeavour, to the utmost of your power, to collect and

" gather all such fines and amerciaments as shall be delivered

" to you in the estreats extracted out of this court, and shall

" faithfully perform and do all other matters and things belonging

" to the stew^ards of the minstrels' office.

« So help you God."

PROCLAMATION OF TURNING OUT THE BULL.

" All manner of persons (except the minstrels) shall give veay to
" the bull, and not<iome within forty feet of him at their peril, nor
" hinder the minstrels in their pursuit of him." , ,

THE CHARGE IN THE MUSIC COURTAGE THE HONOR

OF TUTBURY.

" Gentlemen of these Inquests,

" The annual custom and usajre of this honorable and ancient
court having now called you together, something I suppose
it is expected should be said of the delightful art and harmo-
nious science you profess.

*' Gentlemen,

" The nature of your art consists in raising and skilfully regu-
lating harmonious sounds. All sounds (as the philosopher ob-
serves) arise from the quick and nimble elision or percussion of
the air, being either divided by the lips or reeds of pipes, haut-
boys, flutes, or other wind instruments, or else struck and put
into motion by the tremulous vibration of strings, yielding an agree-
able sound to the ear. Now it is your art and business, gentle-

4 A men,

546

men, to regulate, compose, and express these sounds, so as to
cause the different tones or notes to agree in concord, to make up
one perfect concert and harmony.

" As for the antiquity of music, it will suffice that we read of
Juhal, the son of Lamech, the seventh from Adam (whom some
will have to be the i\ polio of the Heathens) being the father of all
such as handle the harp and organ, and probably most other sorts
of music. About the time of the confusion of tongues, Mitzraim,
the son of Ham, is said to have carried this art with his company
into Egypt, where it was so much practised and improved, that
succeeding generations, who knew not the writings of Moses,
believed the Egyptians were the first inventors of music. Laban,
the Syrian, expostulated with his son-in-law, why he would not
let him send him away with mirth and with songs, with tabret and
with harp.

*' But the heathen writers are much divided about the author,
or first inventor thereof, some say Orpheus, some Lynus, (both
famous poets and musicians) others Amphion, and the Egyptians
ascribed the invention to Apollo ] but, as I before observed, the
sacred history puts an end to this contest, by telling us that Jubal,
the son of Lamech, and brother of Noah, was the father of all
such as handle the harp and organ, and probably many other
kinds of music, for what variety of inventions, as well as improve-
ments of musical instruments, might not be expected from such
a genius in the space of seven or eight hundred years expe-
rience. This Jubal (as I before said) is by the learned thouo-ht
to be the Apollo of the heathens, but sacred and profane history

Oiakes

54T

makes them contemporary; we may reasonably infer that the
Egyptiaris held this science in the highest esteem, from their
making Apollo (the god of wisdom) the god of it.

. " There is not the smallest orb we behold amidst the glorioui^
canopy of the heavens, nor the minutest species of the animal or
vegetable creation throughout the terraqueous globe, as well in its
make, motion, and appearances, but in its motions, composition,
and economy, like an angel sings, for when we consider the exqui-
site harmony that visibly appears through the whole creation, and
the feathered race as one heavenly chorus, continually warbling
forth their praise to the great Creator, I say, when we permit such
thoughts as these to have their due influence upon us, we must con-
clude that the universal frame is derived from harmony, and that
the eternal mind composed all things by the laws of music, and
which gives plain and evincing hints to mankind, that as nothing
but beauty, symmetry, and true harmony is discovered through the
creation, so their duty to their great Creator would be best ex-
pressed by a chain of harmonious actions agreeable to reason and
the dignity of their natures, and such as would really bespeak
God's service to be the most perfect freedom.

" Thus is music a representation of the sweet content and har-
mony which God, in his wisdom, has made to appear throughout
all his works; with what noble and sublime contemplations ought
the melodious science of music naturally to inspire our minds

"Thus holy David, the royal psalmist, well experienced the
pov^^rful effects of music. You seldom meet him without an
instrument in his hand and a psalm in his mouth ; holy metres and

4 A 2 psalms

548

psalms he dedicated to his chief musician Jeduthun, to compose
music to them. He was one in whom the spirit of God dehghted
to dwell ; no evil spirit can subdue that mind where music and
harmony are lodged. When David played before Saul, the evil
spirit departed immediately. The use of music was continued in
the Jewish church until the destruction of the temple and nation
by Titus, and the use of it began in the Christian church in the
time of the Apostles ; the Christian emperors, kings, and princes,
in all ages and all nations to this day, have had this divine science
in orreat esteem and honour, as well for divine as civil uses. Not
only Jews and Christians, but most of the heathen poets and philo-
sophers were skilful musicians. Homer, who was a skilful master
in that science, introduces Achilles quelling his rage against Aga-
memnon by the help of music, and the poet feigned that Orpheus
drew trees, stones, and floods, since nought so stockish, hard, and
full of rage, but music for the time doth change its nature. Plu-
tarch tells us of Terpander's appeasing a seditious insurrection
in Lacedemonia, by his harmonious lays. Pythagoras is said to
have softened fierce minds. Asclepiades to have put a stop to
sedition. Damon to have reduced drunken men to sobriety, and
petulant men to a modest behaviour ; and Xenoerates to have
brought madmen to themselves : and all by the help of musical
sounds. The evil spirit was removed from Saul, and he prophe-
sied, and this by the efficacy of music. And Elisha, when he was
consulted by the three kings that marched against Moab, called
for a minstrel, and when the minstrel played, the hand of the
Lord came upon him. Music expels poison by rarifying and
exhilarating the spirits. Persons bit by the tarantula have been, by
good authors, affirmed to have been cured by music. Amphion was so

great

549

great an orator and musician, that by the force of his oratory and
powerful touch of his musical lute, the stones that builded Thebes,
a city in Egypt, danced after him to the place where they should
be laid, and his moving oratory, sweet harmony, and musicaL
sounds, did so creep unto the ears, and steal upon the hearts of
a people, rude and uncivilized, as engaged them to live peaceably
together at Thebes, where he was king.

" Musical sacrifices and adorations claimed a place in the laws
and customs of the most different nations. The Grecians and
Romans, as well as Jews and Christians, unanimously agreed in
this, as they disagreed in all other parts of their ceremonies. The
Greeks and Romans had their college or society of musicians,
whose art they fought useful to introduce virtue and excite cou-
rage. Tully tells us that the ancient Grecians (the politest peoples
of the ao-e) did not think a o-entleman well bred, unless he could
perform his part at a concert of music, insomuch that Themistocles
(though otherwise a great man) was taxed for being defective in
this accomplishment.

" But to come nearer to ourselves. History tells us that the
ancient Britons had Bards before they had books, and the Romans,
by whom they were conquered, confess the mighty .power the
Druids and Bards had over the people, by recording in their
songs the deeds of heroic spirits, and teaching them both laws
and religion in rhymes and tunes.

" And the long continuance of this very court of minstrelsy is
a testimony of the antiquity of music amongst us.

" Theodorick,

550

" Theodorick, in an epistle to Boetius, sajs, when this queen of
the senses comes forth in her gay dress, all other thoughts give
way, and the soul rallies its powers to receive the delight which she
gives, she cheers the sorrowful, softens the furious and enraged,
sweetens sour tempers, gives a check to loose, impure, and wanton
thoughts, and melts to pure and chaste desires ; she captivates
the straying faculties, and moulds them into a serene, sober, and
just economy.

" T say, gentlemen, the force of music is wonderful : how
strangely does it awaken the mind ; it infuses an unexpected vigour,
makes the impression agreeable and sprightly, gives a new capacity
as well as satisfaction, it raises and falls, and counter-changes the
passions ; it charms and transports, ruffles and becalms ; governs
with an almost arbitrary power. There is scarcely any constitution
so heavy, or reason so well fortified, as to be absolute proof against
it. Ulysses, as much a hero as he was, durst not trust himself
with the Syren's voices. Timotheus, a Grecian, was so great a
master of music, that he could make a man storm and swagger
like a tempest, and then, by altering his notes and time, he w^ould
take him down again, and sweeten his humour in a trice. One
time, when Alexander was at dinner, this man played a Phrygian
air, the prince immediately rises, snatches up his lance, and puts
himself in a posture of fighting, the retreat was no sooner sounded
by the change of the notes, but his arms were grounded, and his
fire extinct, and he sat down as orderly as if come in from one
of Aristotle's lectures.

" Have you, gentlemen, never observed a captain at the head
of a troop or company, how much he has been altered at the

sound

551

sound of a trumpet or the beat of a drum? What a vigorous^
motion, what an erected posture, what an enterprising visage 1
All of a sudden his blood changes in his veins, and his spirit
jumps like gunpowder, and seems impatient to attack the enemy.
Music is able to exert its force not onl^' upon the affections, but
on the parts of the body, as appears from Mr. Derham's story
of the Gascoign knight that once had disobliged him, and to be
even with him, caused at a feast a bagpipe to be played, when
he was hemmed in with the company, which made the knight
bep— s himself, to the great diversion of the company.

" But further, gentlemen, not only mankind, but the very beasts
of the field are delighted with music, the beasts of the plough,
their toil is rendered easy, and the long fatigue they daily undergo,
is insensibly shortened by the rural songs and cheering whistle of
their drivers. Not only dogs and horses, (those docile and saga-
cious animals) but even the rugged bears themselves dance to the
sound of pipes and fiddles.

*' Do but note a wild and wanton herd or race of youthful and
unbacked colts, fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing
aloud, (the hot conditions of their blood) if they perchance to hear
a trumpet sound, or any music touch their ears, you shall perceive
them make a mutual stand, and their savage eyes turned to a
modest gaze by the sweet power of music.

"The famous Mr. John Play ford tells us a remarkable story
to this purpose : That himself once travelling near Royston, met
a herd of stags, about twenty, upon the road, following a bag-
pipe and violin ; when the music played, they went forward ;

when

55-2

when it ceased, they all stood still; and in this manner they were
cotjducted out of Yorkshire to the King's palace, at Hampton*
Court.

" But not only brute beasts, but even inanimate bodies are af-
fected with sounds. Kircher mentions a large stone that would
tremble at the sound of one particular organ pipe. Mersenne
^Iso, among many relations, tells .us of a particular part of a pave-
ment that would shake, as if the earth would open, when the
organ played ; this is more probable than what he relates about
antipathy, (to wit) ; that the sound of a drum, made of a wolf's
skin, would break another made of a skeep's skin, and that poultry
would fly and cackle at the soun^ of a harp string made of a fox's
gut. The great Boyle also tells us, that he tried an arch that
would answer to C fa. and had done so one hundred years, and
that an experienced builder told him any well-built vault would
answer some determinate note ; and Mr. Derham tells us, that one
Nicholas Fetter, a Dutchman, could break round glasses with the
Kound of his voice.

" It is the common or civil use of music that concerns you,
gentlemen, that owe suit and sersjce to this court, and in that
the world has not wanted examples even of emperors, princes,
and the greatest and most illustrious persons, that have not dis-
dained both to learn and practice your art ; 'tis music which gains
you admittance and acceptance in courts and palaces ; in short,
gentlemen, what feast, what play, what assembly, or ball? what
country wakes, merriment, or entertainment, can be well held,
without some of your society ?

" Our

55S

" Our great dramatic poet says :

' The man that hath not music in himself,

' And is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,

' Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils ;

' The motions of his spirit are dull as night,

' And his affections dark as Erebus/

" And now, gentlemen, having spoke a few words of the nature,
antiquity, usefulness, and wonderful effects of music, I shall now
proceed to inform you, that as long as the ancient Earls and Dukes
of Lancaster, who were ever of the blood royal, had their abode
and kept a liberal hospitality at their honour of Tutbury, there
could not but be a general concourse of people from all parts',
for whose diversion all sorts of musicians were permitted likewise
to come to pay their services, amongst whom some quarrels and
disorders now and then arising, it was found necessary, after a
while, that they should be brought under rules and laws, and that
the end of your attendance and service, at this time, is the pre-
servation of the dignity of this noble science, and for putting those
laws into execution, by punishing all abuses and disorders hap-
pening, by any of your society, within this honour, for which end
you have a governor appointed you by the name of a king, who has
several officers under him to see to the execution of the several
laws and customs belonging to this ancient community.

" Gentlemen, you are to enquire into the behaviour of the several
minstrels within this honour, since the last court.

2d. " Whether any of them have abused or disparaged their
honourable profession by drunkenness, profane cursing and swear-

4 B ing.

554

ing, singing lewd or obscene songs, playing to any company or
meetings on the Lord's-day, or by any other vice or immorality,
or by intruding into any company unsent for, or by playing for any
mean or disgraceful reward.

3d. " Whether any of the minstrels, within this honour, that
should be the known masters of concord and harmony, have been
themselves guilty of any brawls, quarrels, or disorders.

4th. " Whether the minstrels, within this honour, have been de-
cent in their apparel, and skilful in their art, and respectful to their
supreme, the king of the minstrels ; whether their last year's officers
of the minstrelsy have well performed the duty of their respective
offices.

5th. " Whether any minstrels, that owe suit and service to this
court, have appeared and done their suit.

6lh. " Whether any minstrels have executed their art within this
honour, not being allowed and inrolled in this court ; and if you
find any minstrels, within this honour, to have offended in any of
these particulars, you are to present them.

" And in the last place, gentlemen, it must be recommended to
you, that you choose skilful and good men to be officers of the
minstrelsy for the ensuing year. The king is to be chosen out
of the four stewards for the preceding year; and one year out
of Staffordshire, and another out of Derbyshire, interchangeably;
and the four stewards, two out of Staffordshire, and two out of
Derbyshire, three of them to be chosen by you, and the fourth

555

fey the steward of this court and the bailiff to the Earl of
Devon*." . ^

t HUTTON-CONYERS, COUNTY OF YORK.

Near this town, which lies a few miles from Ripon, there is a
large common, called Hutton-Conyers Moor, whereof William Ais-
labie, esq. of Stud ley-Royal (lord of the manor of Hutton-Conyers)
is lord of the soil, and on which there is a large coney -warren be-
longing to the lord. The occupiers of messuages and cottages
within the several towns of Hutton-Conyers, Melmerby, Baldersby,
Rainton, Dishforth, and Hewick, have right of estray for their
sheep to certain limited boundaries on the common, and each town-
ship has a shepherd.

The lord's shepherd has a pre-eminence of tending his sheep on
any part of the common, and wherever he herds the lord's sheep,
the several other shepherds are to give way to him, and give up
their hoofing-place, so long as he pleases to depasture the lord's
sheep thereon. The lord holds his court the first day in the year,
and to entitle those several townships to such right of estray, the
shepherd of each township attends the court, and does fealty by
bringing to the court a large apple-pye, and a twopenny sweet-cake
except the shepherd of Hewick, who compounds by paying sixteen-
pence for ale, (which is drunk as after mentioned) and a wooden
spoon ; each pye is cut in two, and divided by the bailiff, one half
between the steward, bailiff, and the tenant of the coney-warren
before mentioned, and the other half into six parts, and divided

* Communicated to the editor's father by the correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine
before mentioned. See p. 534.

4 B 2 amongst

556

amongst the six shepherds of the before-mentioned six townships.
In the pye, brought by the shepherd of Rainton, an inner one is
made filled with prunes. The cakes are divided in the same man-
ner. The bailiff of the manor provides furmety and mustard, and
delivers to each shepherd a slice of cheese and a penny roll.
The furmety, well mixed with mustard, is put into an earthen
pqt^ and placed in a hole in the ground, in a garth belonging
to the bailiff's house, to which place the steward of the court,
with the bailiff, tenant of the warren, and six shepherds, adjourn,
with their respective wooden spoons. The bailiff provides spoons
for the steward, the tenant of the warren, and himself. The
steward first pays respect to the furmety, by taking a large spoon-
ful ; the bailiff has the next honour, the tenant of the warren next,
then the shepherd of Hutton-Conyers, and afterwards the other
shepherds by regular turns ; then each person is served with a glass
of ale (paid for by the sixteen-pence brought by the Hewick shep-
herd) and the health of the lord of the manor is drunk ; then they
adjourn back to the bailiff's house, and the further business of the
court is proceeded in *.

In addition to the above account, which the editor received from
the steward of the court, he learnt the following particulars from a
Mr. Barrowby of Dishforth, who has several times attended the
court, and observed the customs used there. He says, that each
pye contains about a peck of flour, is about sixteen or eighteen
inches diameter, and as large as will go into the mouth of an ordi-
nary oven : that the bailiff of the manor measures them with a rule,

♦ From a letter addressed by Henry Atkinson, esq. of Ripon, to the editor, dated 19th Ja-
nuary, 1778.

and

and takcis the diametef, and -if they ire not of a iuffioient eatJ9,city,
he threate^iis to return them, and fine the town. If they are lar^e
enough, he ditides therii with a rule and fcdttipasses into foUr equdl
parts, of Which the steward elaittis one, the warrerier another, and
the remainder is divided amongst the shepherdil. In respect to the
furmety, he says, that the top of th^ dish in which it is put is placed
level with the surface of the ground ; that all persons present are
invited to eat of it, and tho^e who do not are not deemed loyal to
the lord : that every shepherd is obliged to eat of it, and for that
purpose is to take a spoon in his pocket to the cOuVt, for if any of
them neglects to carry his spoon with him, he is to lay him doWp'
upon his belly, and sup the furmety with his face to the pOt or dish ;
at which time it is usual, by way of sport, for sonfe of the by-
standers to dip his face into the furmiety ; and sometimes a, shep-
herd, for the sake of divers^ion. Will purposely leave his spoon at
home.

WHITBY, COUNTY OF YORK.

In the fifth year of the reigU of King. Henry H., after the don-
quest of England by William Duke of Normandy^' the lord bf
Uglebarnby, then called William de Bruce f, the lord of Snayn-
ton [*], called Ralph de Percy [-j-], and a gefntleman freeholder, called'
Allotson, did, on the 16th daiy of October, meet to hunt the Wild
boar, in a certain wood or desart called Eskdale-Side : the wood or
place did belong to the abbot of the monastery of Whitbyi who was
then called Sedman, and abbot of the said place.

Then the aforesaid gentlemen did meet with their hounds and
boar-staves in the place afwesaid, and there found a great wild
boar; and the hounds did run him very hard near the chapel and

hermitaffe

55S

hermitage of Eskdale-Side, where there was a monk of Whitby,
who was an hermit ; and the boar being so hard pursued, took in
at the chapel door, and there laid him down, and died imme-
diately, and the hermit shut the hciunds out of the chapel, and kept
himself at his meditation and prayers : the hounds standing at a
bay Avithout, the gentlemen in the thick of the wood, put behind
their game, in following the cry of the hounds, came to the her-
mitage, and found the hounds round the chapel; then came the
gentlemen to the door of the chapel, and called on the hermit,
who did open the door, and then they got forth, and within lay
the boar dead, for which the gentlemen in a fury, because their
hounds were put out of their game, run at the hermit with their
boar-staves, whereof he died ; then the gentlemen knowing, and
perceiving that he was in peril of death, took sanctuary at Scar-
borough; but at that time, the abbot, being in great favour with
the king, did remove them out of the sanctuary, whereby they
came in danger of the law, and not privileged, but like to have the
severity of the law, which was death. But the hermit, being a holy
man, and being very sick, and at the point of death, sent for the
abbot, and desired him to send for the gentlemen, who had
woundied him to death ; so doing, the gentlemen came, and the
hermit, being sick, said, "I am sure to dieof these wounds:" the
abbot answered, "They shall die for it;" but the hermit said, " Not
so, for I will freely forgive them my death, if they are content to be
enjoined this penalty (penance) for the safe-guard of their souls :"
the gentlemen being there present, bid him enjoin what he would,
so he saved their lives : then said the hermit, " You and yours
shall hold your land upon (of) the abbot of Whitby and (his) suc-
cessors in this manner ; that upon Ascension-day-even, you, or
some of you, shall come to the wood of Strayheads, which is in

Eskdale-

559

fiskdale-Side, and the same day (Ascension-day at sun-rising), and
there shall the officer of the abbot blow his horn, to the intent that
you may know how to find him, and deliver unto you, William de
Bruce, ten stakes, eleven strut-stowers, and eleven yadders, to be
cut with a knife ^f a penny price ; and you, Ralph de Percy [-f],
shall take one and twenty of each sort, to be cut in the same man-
ner ; and you, Allotson, shall take nine of each sort, to be cut as
aforesaid, and to be taken on your backs, and carried to the town
of Whitby, and to be there before nine o'clock of the same day
before mentioned ; and at the hour of nine o'clock, if it be full sea?
to cease their service, as long as till it be low water ; and at mne
o'clock of the same day, each of you shall set your stakes at the
brim of the water, each stake a yard from another, and so yadder
them with your yadders, and to stake them on each side with strut-
stowers, that they stand three tides, without removing by the force
of the water ; each of you shall make at that hour in every year,
except it be full sea at that hour, which when it shall happen to
come to pass the service shall cease : you shall do this to remember
that you did slay me, and that you may the better call to God for
mercy, repent yourselves, and do good works. The officer of
Eskdale-Side shall blow. Out on youl Out on you ! Out on you!
for this heinous crime of yours : if you or your successors refuse
this service, so lono* as it shall not be a full sea at the hour afore-
said, you or yours shall forfeit all your land to the abbot or his suc-
cessors ; this I do intreat, that you may have your lives and goods
for this service, and you to promise by yojur parts in heaven, that it
shall be done by you and your successors as it is aforesaid :" and
then the abbot said, " I grant all that you have said, and wijl con-
firm it by the faith of an honest man :" then the hermit said, « My
jsoul longeth for the Lord, and I as freely forgive these gentle-
men

560

men my death, as Christ forgave the thief upon the el'ojss;'' arid
in the presence of the abbot and the rest, he said moreover these
words, " In manus tuas, Domine, commehdo spiritum meum, k
vinculis enim mortis redemisti me, Domine Veritatis." (" Into thy
hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit, for thou hast redeemed me
from the bonds of death, O Lord of Truth.") And the abbot and
the rest said, " Amen." And so [the hermit] yielded up the ghost
the 8th day of December. Upon vs'hose saul God have mercy.
A.nno Domini, 1160*.

N. B. This service is still annually performed.

f This William de Bruce (from whose daughter the editor of this
book is lineally descended) was of the family of Bruce, or Brus,
of Skelton Caistle. See p. 433. He founded a chantry in the
church of Pickering in Yorkshire, to pray for his soul, his an-
cestors, and all Christian souls, in which church his monument
yet remains.

[*], Snaynton. Printed Sneaton by mistake, in the copy from which
this. was taken.

[f] Ralph de Percy. By mistake printed D^Parthy, in the same
copy.

BEDMINSTER, COUNTY OF DORSET.

In the manor of Bedminster, in the county of Dorset, is this
custom, that a copyholder ought to nominate his successor, other-
wise tlie land shall escheat ; and it has been allowed to be a good
custom. Lex Cust. 35.

* From a printed copy published at Whitby a few years ago.

CLUN,

561

CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP.

The tenants of Clun heretofore paid certain rents in meal, called
meal rents, to make meat for the lord's hounds, but they are now
payable in money. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Meal Rents. Blount's
Law Diet, sub verbo.

RIPON, COUNtY OF YORK.

There are the remains of a very ancient custom, once generally
observed here by the inhabitants. On Midsummer Eve, every
housekeeper who has in that year changed his residence into a new
neighbourhood (there being certain limited districts, called neigh-
bourhoods), spreads a table before his door in the street with
bread, cheese, and ale, for those that choose to resort to it, where,
after staying a while, if the master is of ability, the company are in-
vited to supper, and the evening is concluded with mirth and good
humour. The introduction of this custom is immemorial, but it
seems to have been instituted for the purpose of introducing new
comers to an early acquaintance with their neighbours ; or it may
have been with the more laudable design of settling: differences
by the meeting and mediation of friends.

The feast of St Wilfrid, celebratde annually at this place, con-
tinues nearly a week. On the Saturday after Lammas Day, an
effigy of the prelate is brought into the town, preceded by music ;
the people go out to meet it, and with every demonstration of joy,
commemorate the return of their former patron from exile. The
next day is dedicated to him, being here called St, Wilfray's Sun-
day. Hist.. of Ripon, pp. 40, 47.

4 c BRADFORD,

662

BRADFORD, COUNTY OF WILTS.

The tenants within this manor pay a yearly rent, by the name of
teal money, to their lord, in lieu of veal paid formerly in kind.
Jacob's Law Diet, cites Blount's Tenures.

RATBY, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

There is a singular custom at this place, thus related by Throsby,
in his History of Leicestershire : " That there shall be two persons
chosen annually, by a majority, to be called caterers, which shall
on every Whit-Monday go to Leicester, to what Inn they shall think
proper, where a calf's head shall be provided for their breakfast ;
and when the bones are picked clean, they are to be put into a dish,
and served up with the dinner. Likewise the inn-keeper is to pro^
vide two large rich pies, for the caterers to take home, that their
families may partake of some of their festivity. Likewise there shall
be provided for every person a short silk lace, tagged at both ends
with silver, which, when so equipped, they shall all proceed to
Enderby, and sell the grass of the Wether (a meadow so called) to
the best bidder ; from thence they shall go to the meadow, and all
dismount, and each person shall take a small piece of grass from
the before-mentioned Wether, and tie it round with their tagged
lace, and wear it in their hats, and ride in procession to the High
Cross in Leicester, and there throw them among the populace -,
from thence proceed to their inn, and go in procession to St. Mary's
church, where a sermon shall be preached for the benefit of an
lipspital founded by Henry Earl of Lancaster. When service is
over, a deed shall be read over by the clergyman, concerning the
gift of the above Wether, and the church shall be stuck with flowers.

When

i56a

^Vhen the ceremony is over, they are to return to their inn to din-
ner, and close the day with mirth and festivity." Throsby's Leices-
ter, vol. iii. p. 85.

HAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

The custom here is, that if any copyholder will sell his land, and
agree upon the price, at the next court, the next cleivenor (i. e. he
that dwelleth next to him) shall have the refusal, giving as much as
another will ; and he which inhabits on the east first, and the south,
and the west, and last the north. 2 Brownl. Rep. 199.

OSWELBECK SOKE, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

By a statute of the 32d Hen. VIII. cap. 29, all lands lying in Os-
welbeck Soke shall be inheritable according to the common law,
and not partable between heirs male as they have been.

*t PANNINGTON, €OUNTY OF .... .

By the custom of this manor, an infant of twelve years of age
may surrender. Trin. 15 Car. Lyde v. Somister. Tothill, 109.

RYEGATE, COUNTY OF SURREY.

By the custom of this manor, any tenant may fell timber trees
upon his copyhold without licence from the lord, provided such
timber be employed about building and repairing his copyhold;
and likewise, if a tenant dieth seised of several freehold lands and
tenement;s, there is but one heriot due to the lord ; and if a tenant
dieth seised of several copyhold lands and ' tenements, the lord
shall have but one heriot. Comp. Cop. 490, from a MS. Present-
'jnehl in the Library of the Master of the Rolls, dated 1655.

4 c 2 SEDGLEY,

564

SEDGLEY, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

The custom of the manor was, if a copyholder made a lease,
without licence of the lord, for one year, and dies within the term,
it shall be void against the heir. And this was adjudged to be a
good custom, by the court, in the case of Turner and Hodges,
Litt. Rep. 233. Comp. Cop. 496.

STOCKWOOD, COUNTY OF DORSET.

Within this manor the custom is, that the widows of copyholders
for lives shall enjoy, during their widowhoods, the customary lands
whereof their husbands die seised. Hob. Rep. 181.

THORP KIRBY and WALTON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

These are included within the ancient liberty called the Liberty
of the Soke. In these no man may be arrested by any kind of
process, but of the bailiff of the liberty ; and not by him but with
the consent of the lord first obtained. The sheriff hath no power
within this liberty in any case whatsoever, but the bailiff executeth
all matters as if he had viscountile authority. Camd. Brit. 424.

HATHERSEDGE, COUNTY OF DERBY.

There is a well near North Lees, by Hathersedge, in Derbyshire,
near the remains of a Popish chapel, to which the Papists resort
one day in the year, early in the morning, and every person puts in
a pin; which custom was kept up a few years ago, as John Wilson,
Esq. of Broomhead, was told by the Rev. Mr. Hadfield, vicar of
Hathersedge, and Mr. Wilson says be believes it is still observed.
In a letter from John Wilson, Esq. to the editor's father, dated 5th
November, 1780.

DONCASTER,

565

DONCASTER, COUNTY OF YORK.

At this place on the 5th November, yearly, whether it happens
on a Sunday, or any other day in the week, the town waits play
for some time on the top of the church steeple, at the time when the
congregation are coming out of the church from morning service,
the tune of " God save the King." This has been done for four-
score years at least, and very possibly ever since the 5th of No-
vember has been a festival ; except that formerly the tune played
was " Britons strike Home." The waits always receive from the
churchwardens sixpence a-piece for this service. In a letter from
the Rev. Mr, Scott, of Doncaster, dated 17th November, 1780.

WRITTELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Every tenant of the manor of Writtell, in Essex, upon St.
Leonard's-day, (6th November) pays to the lord for every pig under
a year old a halfpenny, for every yearling pig a penny, and for
every hog above a year old two-pence,, for the privilege of pawnage
in the lord's woods ; and this payment is called Avage or Avisage,
Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo.

MIDDLETON HUNDRED, COUNTY OF KENT.

He that has a bastard in the hundred of Middleton, in the
county of Kent, forfeits all his goods and chattels to the king.
MS. de temp. Edw. III. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Bastard.

NORFOLK, COUNTY OF.

In Norfolk there are some grounds which it is not known to
what parish they certainly belong, so that the minister who first

. ; 1 seizes

566

seizes the tithes does, by that right of pre-occupation, enjoy them
for that year ; and the land of this dubious nature is there called
Catehland, from this custom of seizing the tithes. Cowell.

DENEVER, COUNTY OF CAERMARTHEN.

. By the custom of this manor (whereof Sir Edward Rice is lord)
every tenant at the marriage of his daughter pays 10 s. to the
lord, which, in the British language, is called Gwabr Merched, i. e.
a maid's fee. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Merchet»

BRAUNSTON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

The tenure of a considerable portion of this lordship, being of
a peculiar nature, is deserving notice. If the widow of any copy-
holder appears in the manorial court next ensuing the decease of
her husband, and there presents a leather purse, with a groat in it,
she may become tenant, and hold his copyhold lands for life ; but
to render this continuative tenancy valid, she must attend regularly
every court day. Brayley and Britton's Beauties of England and
Wales, vol. xi. p. 51.

MALDON, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In this town there is a custom, claimed by the name of Land-
cheap, which is, that for certain houses and lands sold within that
borough, xiij d. in every mark of the purchase-money shall be paid
to the town ; which custom of Landcheap is claimed by a grant
(inter alia) made to that town by the bishop of London, anno
& Hen. IV. Blount's Law Diet, in verbo.

HEREFORD,

567

HEREFORD, COUNTY OF.

In this county there is a custom observed under the name of
Wassailing, (which I need not say is a Saxon custom) in the follow-
ing manner : On the eve of Twelfth-day, at the approach of even-
ing, the farmers, their friends, servants, &c. all assemble, and near
six o'clock, all walk together to a field where wheat is growing.
The highest part of the ground is always chosen, where twelve
small fires and one large one are lighted up. The attendants,
headed by the master of the family, pledge the company in old
cider, which circulates freely on these occasions. A circle is formed
round the large fire, when a general shout and hallooing takes
place, which you hear answered from all the villages and fields^
near ; as I have myself counted fifty or sixty fires burning at the
same time, which are generally placed on some eminence. This
being finished, the company all return to the house, where the good
housewife and her maids are preparing a good supper, which, on
this occasion, is very plentiful. A large cake is always provided,
with a hole in the middle. After supper the company all attend
the bailiff (or head of the oxen) to the wain-house, where the
following particulars are observed : the master, at the head of
his friends, fills the cup, (generally of strong ale) and stands
opposite the first or finest of the oxen, (twenty-four of which ](.
have often seen tied up in their stalls together) ; he then pledges
him in a curious toast; the company then follow his example with
all the other oxen, addressing each by their name. This being
over, the large cake is produced, and is, with much ceremony, put
on the horn of the first ox, through the hole in the cake ; he is then
tickled to make him toss his head : if he throws the cake behind, it
is the mistress's perquisite ; if bfefoi'e, (in what is termed the boosey)
~ the

568

the bailiff claims this prize. This ended, the company all return
to the house, the doors of which are in the mean time locked, and
not opened till some joyous songs are sung. On entering, a scene
of mirth and jollity commences, and reigns through the house till a
late, or rather an early hour the next morning. Cards are intro-
duced, and the merry tale goes round. In a letter signed J. W.
Gent. Mag. Feb. 1791.

ISLINGTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

MANOR OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.

Lands in this manor descend, according to the custom of Bo-
rough-English, whereby the youngest son of a copyholder inhe-
rits, or in default of issue, the younger brother*. The fines are
arbitrary, and at the will of the lord, whose custom is to take two
years improved rent on a descent, and one year and a half on alien-
ation. No heriots are taken. Widows are entitled to dower of the
copyhold. Nelson's Hist, and Antiq. of Islington.

MANOR OF ISELDON BERNERS, OR BERNERSBURY.

The fines in this manor are arbitrary, and at the will of the lord,
whose custom is to take two years improved rent on a descent, and
one year and a half on alienation. No heriots are paid, nor are
widows entitled to dower. Nelson's Hist, of Islino-ton.

* It has been observed, that the origin of might be the lords bastards) should be inca-

this custom proceeded from the lords of cer- pable to inherit their estates. But Littleton

tail) lands having the privilege to lie with their says, the reason of the custom is, because the

tenants' wives the first night after marriage ; youngest is presumed, in law, to be the least

wherefore in time the tenants obtained this able to provide for himself. Jacob's Law

custom, on purpose that their eldest sons (who J)ictionary.

HIGHBURY,

569

HIGHBURY, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Lands in this manor descend according to the custom of gavel-
kind, being equally divided between male heirs, in the same degree
of consanguinity ; and in default of male heirs, among females in
like manner. The copyholders pay a fine uncertain, it being arbi-
trary, and at the will of the lord. No heriots are now demanded,
nor has there been any for many ages, but 6s. 8d. appears to have
been once paid on that account in the reign of Henry VII. Widows
are not entitled to dower of the copyhold. Nelson's History of Is-
iinffton. :

AGMONDESHAM, COUNTY OF BUCKS.

The parliament burgesses of Agmondesham, were chosen by the
homage in the lord's court baron, and the return made by the con-
stables. Willis, 137. Gordon's Hist. 227.

ANDEVERE or ANDOVER, COUNTY OF HANTS.

King Henry III., and all his progenitors, Kings of England,
were seised of the manor and town of Andover, in Hampshire ;
which manor is ancient demesne,, all the tenements within that
manor are pleadable by petit brief de droit; the custom of the
manor is to hold a court on the Sunday before St. Michael, yearly,
and die tenants to choose two bailiffs out of their body, who were
to arrest all felons and others within their year, and to answer to
the king for all escapes of persons arrested, and for all fines arising
upon such arrests. Madox's Firma Burgi, 210.

EXETER, CITY OF.

The ancient custom of this city is, when the lord of the fee can-
not be answered rent due to him out of his tenement, and no dis-

4 D tress

570

tress can be levied for the sadie, the Wd is to come to the tene-
liient, and there take a stone, or some other dead thing, of the said
tenement, and bring it before the mayor and bailiffs, and thus must
he do seven quarter days successively ; and if on the seventh quar-
ter day, the lord is not satisfied his rent and arrears, then the
teniement shall be adjudged to the lord to hold the same a year
and a day, and forthwith proclamation is to be made in the court,
that if any man claims any title to the said tenement, he must ap-
pear within the year and day next following, and satisfy the lord
for the said rent and arrears ; but if no appearance be made, and
the rent not paid, the lord comes again to the court, and prays, that
according to the custom, the said tenement be adjudged to him
in his demesne as of fee, which is done accordingly ; so as the lord
hath from thenceforth the said tenement, with the appurtenances,
to him and his heirs ; and this custom is called Shortford, being as
much as in French to foreclose. Izack's Antiq. of Exeter, 48.

LEWES, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

In the Saxon, Lej-fa. In the reign of Edward the Confessor, it
paid ^6. 4s. for tax and toll. The king had there 127 burgesses.
It was their custom, if the king had a mind, to send his soldiers
to sea without them, that of all of them, whosesoever the lands were,
should be collected twenty shillings, and they had it who served in
the ships. Whoso sells an horse, within the borough, gives the
provost one penny, and the buyer gives another ; for an ox or cow
a halfpenny ; for a man four-pence, wheresoever within the rape
he buys. He that sheds Mood pays seven shillings ; he that com-
mits adultery or rape, eight shillings and four-pence, and the wo-
man as much; the king hath the adulterer, and the archbishop the

woman.

woman. When the money is new made, every mint-master gives
twenty shillings. Of all these payments, two parts went to the
Mng, atnd the thir4 to the ^arl. Camd. Brit. 206, from Domesday.

MILLAN, COUNTY O*" NORFOLK.

The custom of this manc^r is, if any copyholder will sell his land^
and ?igree upon the price, at the next coi^rt, the next of his blood,
^nd if he refusq, auy other of his blood may ,have the land.
2 Brownl. p. 199.

MENDIPPE HILLS, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

The customs here being very particular, J. shp.ll make no .excuse
for inserting them : the -hills abound with many lead mines ; jand it
i« free for any Englishman to work therein, except he ha^ forfej^^d
his right by stealing any of the ore or tools of others. And their
taw or custom in that case is very remarkable. The groviers (for
so the miners are called, as the pits they sink are called proves)
living at some distance, leave their tools, and the ore they have
got, sometimes open upon the hill, or at most only shut up in slight
huts; whoever among them steals any thing, and is found guilty,
is thus punished : he is shut, up in a hut, and then, dry fern, fiH?zes,
^nd such other combustible matter, are put round it, and-fite s^t
to it ; when it is on fire, the -criminal, who has his hands and feet
at liberty, may, with them, (if he can) break down his hut, and,
making himself a passage out of it, get free a,nd begone ; but he
must never come to work, nor have any more to do on the hill.
This they call Burning of the Hill. Camd. Brit. 185.

4d2 OKEHAM,

572

OKEHAM, COUNTY OF RUTLAND.

Here is an ancient custom, continued to this day, that every baron
of the realm, the first time he comes through tliis town, shall give
a horse-shoe to nail upon the castle-gate ; vt^hich, if he refuses, the
bailiff of that manor has power to stop his coach, and take one off
his horse's foot ; but commonly they give five, ten, or twenty shil-
lings, more or less, as they please ; and in proportion to the gift,
the shoe is made larger or smaller, with the name and titles of the
donor cut upon it, and so it is nailed upon the gate. Camd. Brit.
545.

TAUNTON, COUNTY OP SOMERSET.

An attorney of the court of King's Bench was chosen titbing-
man of Taunton, where there was a custom, that every one shall be
a tithing-man or constable dwelling in such houses, and the attorney
brought his writ of privilege, and it was allowed. Cro. Car. 389.
Prouse's case. And the custom of this manor is, that the wife of
the copyholder shall have the inheritance of her husband. 1
Siderfin, 267.

TERRING, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Within this manor the tenants are obliged to do certain work by
the rod, which is called Rod Gavel. Somner, 22.

WRITTEL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

Within this manor, every reputed father of a base child pays to
the lord for a fine 3 s. 4d. and this custom is called Childwit^.

^ Childwit. Jacob, in his Law Dictionary, explains this to be a
fine or penalty of a bond-woman, unlawfully begotten with child.

Coweli

573

Cowell says it signifies a power to take a fine of your bond-
woman, gotten with child without your consent. Jac. Law Diet,
tit. Childwit.

WADHURST, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Within this manor are two sorts of copyholds, viz. Stockland and
Bondland. If a man be first admitted to Stockland, and afterwards
to Bondland, and dies seised of both, his heir shall inherit both;
but if he be first admitted to Bondland, and afterwards to Stock-
land, and dies seised of them, his youngest son shall inherit.
1 Leon, p. 55. Kemp and Carter. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Stock-
land.

HOOK, COUNTY OF DORSET.

The manor of Hook pays Cert Money % to the hundred of Eger-
don.' Jac. Law Diet. tit. Cert Money.

^ Cert Money (quasi certain money) is head money paid yearly by
the resiants of several manors, to the lords thereof, for the
certain keeping of the leet, and sometimes to the hundred.
Jacob.

CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP.

A custom in the honour of Clun, belonging to the Earls of
Arundel : Pretium virginitatis domino solvendum. LL. Eccl. Gul.
Howelli Dha Regis Wallie. Puella dicitur esse desertum Regis et
ob hoc Regis est de Amoabyr ^\\'\. habere. This custom Henry
Earl of Arundel released to his tenants, anno 3 et 4 Phil, et Mar.
155. Jac. Law Diet. sub. tit. Amabyr.

lilt See note on Worthynbury, p. 474.
' J ^ r KIDDERMINSTER,

574

KIDDERMINSTER, COmtV OF WORCESTER.

At Kidderminster is a singular custom. On the election of a
bailiff, the inhabitants assemble in the principal streets to throw
cabbage stalks at each other. The town-house bell gives signal
for the affray. This is called Lawless Hour. This done (for it lasts
an hour) the bailiff elect, and corporation in their robes, preceded
by drums and fifes, (for they have no waits) visit the old and new
bailiff, constables, &c. &c. attended by the mob. In the mean time
the most respectable families in the neighbourhood are invited to
meet and fling apples at them on their entrance. A correspondent
in the Gentleman's Magazine, says he has known forty pots of
apples expended at one house. Gent. Mag. vol. lx. p. 1191.

LESTWJTHIEL, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

There was a certain custom, which is called Censure, arising
from those who abide in the borough of Lestwithiel *. This is
a custom observed in divers manors in Cornwall and Devon, where
all the persons residing therein, above the age of sixteen, are cited
to swear fealty to the lord, and to pay eleven-pence per poll, and
one penny per annum ever after, and those thus sworn are called
Censors. Survey of the Duchy of Cornwall. Jac. Law Diet sub.
tit. Censure.

TVISBICH, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Thomas Reson demands against John Gely, a moiety of a mes-
suage in Wisbich, and avers that it is the custom in the hundred of

♦Item erat quedam custuma que vocatur burgo de Lestwithiel. Survey of the Duchy of
CeuBure proveniens de illis qui manent in Cornwall. Jac. Law Diet. £ub. tit. Censure.

Wisbich,

575

Wisbich, from ancient usage, (of which the [aforesaid town is pa-
cel) that women, who aredowabl^ in the same hundred, ought or
be endowed pf the rnoiety*.

DODBROKE, COUNTY OF DEVON,

Is remarkable for its custom of paying tithe for a sort of liquor
called white ale. This is commonly pronounced whit-ale, whijch
may be a corruption from wheat ; but more probably derives its ap-
pellation from the quantity of air which rises from it, ^nd gives it a
turbid whiteness. Go,ugh*s Camd,en, v,ol. i. p, 34.

TINMOUTH, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

A copyholder in fee, who held of the manor of Tinmouth, had
issue two daughters, and died ; and in a special verdict in eject-
ment, the jury found the custom of that manor to be, that the eldest
daughter shall have the whole copyhold for her life : and that after
her death, the next heir male to the father shall h,ave it to him ^n4
bis heirs, who can derive a descent from the males, exclusive to
the females ; and that if there is no such heir male, it shall escheat
to the lord. The widow entered after the death of her husband,
she having a widow's estate by the custom, and then the eldest
daughter died, and afterwards the widow died : adjudged that this
general custom for the males of the collateral line to inherit, exclu-
sive of the females of the right line, may be good ratione loci, /Sic.

* TliQ. Reson petit versus Johannem Gely tenementis in eadem hundiedo debeant de

medietatem messuagii in Wisbiph, et declarat medietate dotari. Ex Recuperat. in Ter-

quod est consuetudo in hundredo de Wishich mino Saticte Trinitatis, 1 Hen. IV. Rot. 332.

ab antiquo usitata, cujus predicta villa est Hearne, 812. --^

parcella, quod tnulieres que sunt dotabiles de

and

576

and that the survivinsr dauffhter was within this custom ; for the
eldest daughter in this case shall not be only primogenita filia of
the father, but the eldest at the death of the mother, who had the
estate by the custom. 1 Sid. 267. Jacob's Law Diet. Tynmouth.

WARGRAVE, COUNTY OF BERKS,

In this manor there is a customary manor, holden of the manor
of Wargrave by copy of court roll, called Warfield, in which were
lands demised and demisable by copy of court roll, by the lord of
the manor of Warfield, or his steward, in fee-simple, for life or
years. 11 Rep. 17. Sir Henry Neville's Case.

MIDDLETON CHENEY, or CHENDUIT, COUNTY OF

NORTHAMPTON.

It is the custom in summer to strew the floor of this church with hay
cut from Ash Meadow, and, in winter, straw is found at the expence
of the rector. A peculiar tenure also prevails in the lordship of this
parish : when estates descend in the female line, the eldest sister
inherits by law. Brayley and Britton'^ Beauties of England- and
Wales, vol. xi. p. 82.

WHITLESEA, in the ISLE OF ELY, COUNTY OF

CAMBRIDGE.

Within this manor there is a custom for the inhabitants to choose,
on the Sunday next after the feast of St. Martin, two persons called
storers, to oversee the public business, and likewise to provide a
common bull ; in consideration whereof they enjoy a certain pas-
ture called Bull-grass ; and the major part of the freeholders and
copyholders, at a meeting, grant the grass every year to any person

who

577

who will take it, to have the same from Lady-day till the corn is
carried out of Coatsfield. Appendix to Lex Maneriorum, Case 16.

Most of the grounds round here are marsh, for which King Canute
gave orders to Twikill the Dane, that every village about the fens
should have its proper marsh ; and so divided the ground, that the in.-
habitants of each village should have just so much of the marsh for
their own use as lay right against the farm ground of the said vil-
lage : he also made an order, that no village might dig or mow in
another man's marsh without leave ; but, however, that the feeding
should be common to all, that is, horn under horn, for the preserva-
tion of peace and quiet among them. Camd. Brit. 506. The fens at
this day are divided amongst the inhabitants, as mentioned in this
order. Comp. Cop. 584.

CLUN, HONOUR OF, COUNTY OF SALOP.

Sute-silver is a small rent or sum of money, which, if paid, does
excuse the freeholders from their appearance at the courts baron
within the honour. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo.

KNUTSFORD, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

On the marriage of any inhabitant of Knutsford, the friends and
acquaintance of the parties practice the very singular custom of
jstrewing their door-ways with brown sand, and on this they figure
various fanciful and emblematical devices, with diamond squares
scollops, &c. in white sand ; and over the whole are occasionally
strewed the flowers of the season, Brayley and Britton's Beauties
of England and Wales, vol. ii. p. 287.

4 E HALTON.

578

HALTON, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

in this manor there was a custom, that if in driving beasts over
the common the driver permitted them to graze, or take but a
thistle, he should pay a halfpenny a beast to the lord of the fee ; and
this custom was called Thistletake. Reg. Priorat. de Thurgarton.
Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Thistletake.

COTESWOLDS, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

On the Coteswolds is a customary annual meeting at Whitsun-
tide, vulgarly called an Ale, or Whitsun-ale. Perhaps the true
word is Yule, for, in the time of Druidism, the feasts of Yule or
the Grove were celebrated in the months of May or December.
These sports are resorted to by great numbers of young people
of both sexes, and are conducted in the following manner. Two
persons are chosen previous to the meeting to be lord and lady
of the Yule, who dress as suitably as they can to the characters
they assume. -A large empty barn, or some such building, is pro-
vided for the lord's hall, and fitted up with seats for the accommo-
dation of the company. Here they assemble to dance, and regale
in the best manner their circumstances and the place will afford,
and each young fellow treats his girl with a ribband and a favour.
The lord and lady honour the hall with their presence, attended by the
steward, sword-bearer, purse-bearer, and mace-bearer, with their se-
veral badges or ensigns of office. They have likewise a page, or train-
bearer, a jester, dressed in a party-coloure^d jacket, whose ribaldry
and 2:esticulation contribute not a little to the entertainment of some
part of the company. The lord's music, consisting generally of a
pipe and tabour, is employed to conduct the dance.

All these figures, handsomely represented in basso rehevo, stand
in the north wall of the nave of Cirencester church, which vouches

sufficiently

ST9

Sufficiently for the antiquity of the custom. . Some people think it
a commemoration of the ancient Drinklean, a day of festivity for-
merly observed by the tenants and vassals of the lord of the fee
within his manor, the memory of which, on account of the jollity of
those meetings, the people have thus preserved ever since. It may,
notwithstanding, have its rise in Druidism, as on those occasions
they always erect a May-pole, which is an eminent sign of it.

I shall just remark that the mace is made of silk, finely plaited
with ribbons on the top, and filled with spices and perfume, for
siich of the company to smell to as desire it. Does not this afford
some light towards discovering the original use, and account for
the name of the mace, now-carried in ostentation before the steward
of the court on court days, and before the chief magistrate in cor-
porations, as the presenting of spices by great men at their enter*
tainments was a very ancient practice ?

Mr. Robert Dover, who lived in the reign of King James I,, in-
stituted certain diversions on the Coteswolds, called after his name,
which were annually exhibited at Willersey and Campden. Even
now there is something to be seen of them every Thursday in Whit-
sun Week, jat a place about half a mile from Campden called
Dover's Hill.

The Coteswold games, and their patron, are celebrated in a

small collection of poems, intituled, ", Annalia Dubrensia," written

by Michael Drayton, Beri Jonson, and abdut thirty other eminent

persons of their time, mostly addressed to the patron of the games.

Rudder's Hist, of Gloucestershire. West. Mag, March, 1780,

p. 135. Athense Oxon, vol. ii. col. 812. Granger's Biog. Hist, of

Engl. vol. ii. p. 398.

4 E 2 The

580

The Coteswold games are mentioned by Shakspeare in " The
Merry Wives of Windsor," acti. sc. 1. where Slender asks Page,

*' How does your fallow greyhound, sir?
" I heard say, he was out-run on Cotsale."

Cotswold in Gloucestershire, where there was an annual celebration
of games, consisting of rural sports and exercises. Note on the
passage, in Chalmers's edit, of Shakspeare.

POLLINGTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

The manor of Pollington, near Snaith, is copyhold, and the
custom is there that if a copyholder dies seised of lands, having no
issue male, but daughters, and does not surrender it to them in his
life-time, the same shall escheat to the lord of the said manor, and
the daughters shall not inherit. Sir Henry Saville, of Methley,
baronet, purchased this manor of Sir Thomas Metham, knight, and
John Saville, of Methley aforesaid, esquire, now enjoyeth the
same, 167 1. Ex MS. in Bibliotheca Monast. Ebor.

HANTS, COUNTY OF.

In the accounts of Magdalen College, in Oxford, there is a
yearly allowance, pro mulieribus hockantibus, in some manors of
theirs in Hampshire, where the men hock the women on Monday,
and contra on Tuesday ] the meaning of it is, that on that day the
women, in merriment, stop the ways with ropes, and pull passengers
to them, desiring something to be laid out in pious uses <[f- Jacob's
Law Diet. tit. Hokeday.

% See note on Calistoke, vol. i. p. 469.

SHEFFIELD,

581

SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK.

At this place there was a custom formerly used, that those per-
sons who held lands of the manor of Sheffield, by knights service,
met yearly in the Wicker, near that town, on Easter Tuesdaj,
dressed in armour on horseback, and were there drawn up by a cap-
tain, and proceeded from thence to the Town's Hall and back again ;
after which parade they had a dinner provided for them by the
lord's steward. The person whose duty it was to act as captain of

this company was Wilson, esquire, of Broomhead, who, for

several years, employed one Thomas Bamforth, a scissar smith, as
his deputy to officiate for him, to whom he used to lend his horse
and sword for the day, and this Bamforth, by heading up the men
in that manner for several years, acquired the name of Captain
Bamforth.

In the pleadings upon a writ of quo warranto, brought against
Thomas de Furnival, before John de Vallibus, and others justices
itinerant, at York, 7 Edw. I. 12T9, he claimed to cause an assembly
of all his men in Hallamshire to be held every year after Easter,
for the confirming of the peace of the king, in the place of the
Great Tourne.

This account the editor's father was favoured with bv John Wil-
son, esquire, of Broomhead, a gentleman well skilled in the science
of antiquities, son to the Mr. Wilson whose deputy Captain Bam-
forth was.

Mr. Wilson says he does not know how his ancestors came to
head up the men, as there were gentlemen of more landed pro-
perty in the manors which comprehended i:;Sheffield, Ha^dsworth,
Whiston, Treeton, &c. but thinks it took rise from Adam Wilson,

582

of Broomhead, bis ancestor, who was shield-bearer or esquire to
the said Lord Furnival, and had lands given him in Wigtwisle,
near Broomhead, which Mr. Wilson still possesses, for his good
services in the wars against the Scots ; in which grant Thomas de
Furnival calls him " Scutiger meus," and gives him the lands
" pro bono servitio suo in guerram contra Scotos."

This custom, Mr. Wilson says, was kept up till the year 1T15, or
1716, when it was quite dropped, but for what reason he knows
not, unless the Duke of Norfolk, who was then lord of the district
of Hallamshire, and was a Roman Catholic, thought it prudent so
to do, lest some hundreds of his tenants, so arrayed, should give
offence to government, especially at that time.

Mr. Wilson further says, he was told by Mr. Andrew Wade and
Mr. Thomas Radford, two old master cutlers, who could remember
this custom several years, that it was usual to hang a large bag
filled with sand upon the bough of a tree in the Wicker, with a
number of small rings fastened to it, at which they tilted full gallop
with their swords drawn ; if they missed running their swords into
one of the rings, the bag came back with such force that it knocked
them off from the horse^s back, which was good sport for the by-
standers.

WADSLEY, NEAR SHEFFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK.

The same Mr. Wilson also says, he has heard old men speak of

another ancient custom in the manor -of Wadsley, which was, that

the lord or owner of Wadsley Hall always maintained twelve men

and their Ijorses, at free commons, twelve days in Christmas, and

when they went away, every one stuek a large pin or a needle in the

mantle tree.

CHIPPENHAM,

ooa

CHIPPENHAM, COUNTY OF WILTS.

Upon inquisition taken, 19 Edw. II., it appeared that the tenants
in Chippenham held their tenures there according to the custom of
ancient demesne, and pleaded in the court there by the king's writ
of right, according to the custom of the manor. Madox's Firma
Burgi, 248.

HARROW ON THE HILL, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

In 21 Rich. II. the lord of the manor had a custom, that by sum-
mons of his bailiff upon a general reap day, then called Magna
Precaria, the tenants should do a certain number of days work for
'him ; every tenant that had a chimney being obliged to send a man.
This manor belonged to Sir John Rushout, bart. in 1735. Jacob's
Law Diet. tit. Magna Precaria.

TREGON, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

In ejectment a special verdict was found, viz.* that the lands in
question were part of the manor of Tregon, of which the bishop of
Exeter, lessor of the plaintiff, was seised ; and that, by custom of
the manor, the said lands were demiseable, by copy of count roll, to
two or three persons for their lives and the life of the survivor, ha-
bendum successive sicut nominantur in charta, et non aliter, and
that the lord was to have a heriot on the death^of every tenant dying
seised, &c. 1 Salk. 188. Smartle v.. P^nhallow,

MAN, ISLE 0*F

- -■* •'■•'-,■ . ■ .-

There are a great many laws and customs which are peculiar to
this place, saiaie of which, I hope, will not be thought improper to

insert

584

insert here. The eldest daughter (if there be no son) inherits,
though there be more children. Camd. Brit. 1454.

The wives through the whole island have a power to dispose by
will (though their husbands be living) of one moiety of the goods,
moveable and immoveable, except in the six northern parishes,
where the wife, if she has had children, can only dispose of a third
part of the living goods. Ibid.

A widow has one half of her husband's real estate, if she be his
first wife, and one quarter if she be the second or third ; but if any
widow marries, or miscarries, she loses her widow-right in her hus-
band's estate. Ibid.

When any of the tenants fell into poverty, and were not able to
pay their rents and services, the sitting quests, consisting of four
old moars or bailiffs in every parish, were obliged to find such a
tenant for the estates as would secure the lord's rent, &c. who, after
his name was entered into the court rolls, had an unquestionable title
to the same. Ibid.

A child got before marriage shall inherit, provided the marriage
follows within a year or two, and the woman was never defamed be-
fore with regard to any other man. Ibid.

Executors of spiritual men have a right to the year's profits,
if they live till after twelve of the clock on Easter Day. Ibid.
1455.

They still retain an usage (observed by the Saxons before the
Conquest) that the bishop, or some priest appointed by him, do al-
ways

585

ways sit in their great court along ^ith the governor, till sentence of
death (if any) be to be performed. Carad. Brit. 1455.

THETFORD, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Within the town of Thetford there was a custom, that all eccle-
siastical causes arising within the said town should be determined
before the dean there, having a peculiar ecclesiastical jurisdiction ;
and that no inhabitant of the same town should be drawn before any
other ecclesiastical judge ; and that every person suing contrary to
that custom, the same being presented before the mayor of Thet-
ford, should forfeit 6 s. 8 d. 3 Inst. 121.

HADDENHAM, COUNTY OF BUCKS,

The tenants of the manor of Haddenham, in the county of Bucks,
heretofore paid a rent in kind, called Booting Corn, to the prior of
Rochester, Perhaps it was so called, as being paid by the tenants
by way of bote, boot, or compensation to the lord for his making
them leases. Blounfs Law Diet. tit. Booting Corn.

MARLBOROUGH, COUNTY OF WILTS.

tn this place, every freeman, by ancient custom, gave to the mayor
at his admission a couple of greyhounds, two white capons, and a
white bull. Now they only pay something in money in lieu of it ; but
the arms of the town plainly point to this custom, being blazoned thus :
party per saltier, gules and azure ; on the first quarter gules, a bull
ai^ent; on the second, azure, a cock or capon argent; the third
as the second; and on the base, gules, are three greyhounds cur-
rent, argent, between two roses, gules. Camd. Brit. tit. Wilt-
shire.

4 F ALNWICK,

586

ALNWICK, COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.

The custom of making freemen of Alnwick Common is not less
singular than ridiculous. The persons that are to be made free, or,
as the phrase is, that are to leap the well, assemble in the Market-
place, very early in the morning, on the 25th of April, being St.
3Iark's Day. They are on horseback, with every man his sword by
his side, dressed in white, with white night-caps, and attended by
the four chamberlains and the castle bailiff, who are also mounted
and armed in the same manner. From the Market-place they pro-
ceed in great order, with music playing before them, to a large
dirty pool, called the Freeman's Well, on the confines of the Com-
mon. Here they draw up in a body, at some distance from the wa-
ter, and then, all at once, rush into it, like a herd of swine, and
scramble through the mud as fast as they can.

As the water is generally breast-high, and very foul, they come
out in a condition not much better than the heroes of the Dunciad,
after diving in Fleet Ditch ; but dry clothes being ready for them
on the other side, they put them on with all possible expedition,
and then, taking a dram, remount their horses, and ride full galjop
round the whole confines of the district, of which, by this achieve-
ment, they are become free.

After having completed this circuit, they again enter the town,
sword in hand, and are generally met by women, dressed up vvith
ribbons, bells, and garlands of gum flowers, who welcome them
with dancing and singing, and are called Timber waits ^. The
heroes then proceed in a body till they come to the house of one of
their company, where they leave him, having first drank another

dram:

587

dram : the remaining number proceed to the house of the second
with the same ceremony, and so of the rest, till the last is left to go
home by himself. The houses of the new freemen are on this day
distinguished by a great holly bush, which is planted in the street
before them, as a signal for their friends to assemble, and make
merry with them at their return.

This strange ceremony is said to have been instituted by King
John, in memory of his having once bogged his horse in this pool,
now called the Freeman's Weil *.

f Perhaps a corruption of timbrel waits, players on timbrels ; waits
being an old word for those who play on musical instruments in
the streets.

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.

Speed, in the Life of Henry V. tells us, that when he was
Prince of Wales, *' He came into his father's presence in a
" strange disguise, being in a garment of blue satin, wrought full
" of eylet-holes, and at every eylet the needle left hanging by the
" silk it was wrought with." The following custom, observed an-
nually on the feast of the Circumcision at Queen's College, explains
it The bursar gives to every member a needle and thread, in re.
membrance of the founder, whose name was [Robert] Egglesfield,
falsely deducing it from two French words, aiguille fil, a needle and
thread, according -to the custom of former times, and the doctrine
of rebuses.

* Gent. Mag. vol. xxvi. p. 73.

4 F 2 £)cclesfield,

S88

Ecclesfield, however, is pure Saxon, and not French, and the
founder of Queen's College was an Englishman, born in Cumber-
land. He was, however, confessor to a queen of Dutch extrac-
tion \\X\\, daughter to the Earl of Hainault and Holland, a circum-
stance which, probably, gave rise to the false derivation of his
name §|1§.

Now, Prince Henry having been a student in that college, this
strange garment was, probably, designed by him to express his
academical character, if it was not indeed his academical habit,
and such as was then worn by the sons of noblemen. In either
case, it was the properest habit he could appear in, his father being,
at that time, greatly apprehensive of some trouble, from his active
and ambitious temper, and afraid of his taking the crown from him,
as he did at last ; and the habit of a scholar was so very different
from that of a soldier, in those days, that nothing could better
efface the impressions the king had received against him, than this
silent declaration of his attachment to literature, and renunciation
of the sword*.

lltll Phillipa, Queen to King Edward HI.

|[1§ I cannot find that he (Robert Egglesfield) had any higher pre-
ferment in the church than the rectory of Brough, in Westmor-
land -f-. He founded Queen*s College, anno 1340.

BRADFORD, COUNTY OF WILTS.

In the manor of Bradford, in the county of Wilts, the tenants
paid to the Marquis of Winchester, their landlord, a small yearly

* Gent. Mag. vol. xxvi. p. 1 19. f Granger's Biograph. Hist, of Engl. vol. i. p. 48.

rent,

589

rent, by the name of Larding Money; which, I conceive, (says
Blount) to be for liberty to feed their hogs with the mast of the
lord's woods; the fat of a hog being called lard. Blounfs Law
Diet, in verbo. Or it may be a commutation for some customary
service of carrying salt or meat to the lord's larder. This was
called Lardarium in old charters, and Decimam Lardarij de Hoga.
Mon. Angl. i. S22.

- SWINTON, COUNTY OF YORK.

Two farms, lying in that township, which belong to Earl Fitz-
william, late in tbe occupations of John Mercer and Richard
Thompson, every year change their parish, for one year, from
Easter-day at twelve at noon, till next Easter-day at the same
hour, they lie in the parish of Mexbrough, and then till the Easter-
day following, at the same hour, they are in the parish of Wath-
upon-Derne, and so iilternately. These farms consist of about
302 acres. Edit.

MARHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

It was resolved in a case concerning the parsonage of Marham,
that whereas in the county of Norfolk there is a special manor of
Common called Shacke, which is to be taken in arable land, aftei*
harvest, until the land be sowed again, &c.; and that beo-an in
ancient time in this manner ; the fields of arable lands in this county
do consist of the lands of several persons, lying intermixed in
several small parcels, so that it is not possible for any of them,
without trespass to others, that they can feed their cattle in their,
own land ; and therefore every one doth put in their cattle to feed
promiscuously in the open field. These words " to have Shacke,"

590

is as much as to say go at liberty, or at large ; in which the policy
of old times is to be observed, that the severance of fields, in such
small parcels, to so many several persons, was to avoid inclosure
and to maintain tillage. 7 Rep. 5. Sir Miles Corbett's case.

TANISTRY LAW, IN IRELAND.

Anciently Ireland (as we learn from Giraldus Cambrensis) was
divided into five almost equal portions, namely. North and South
Munster, Leinster, Ulster, and Conaught; but afterwards Meath,
which, in that partition of the country, had been annexed to the
monarchy of the whole island, as a royal demesne, was separated
from it, and given to a prince of the Hy Nial family; in conse-
quence of which it became one kingdom of the pentarchy ; another
being composed of the two Munsters united. There were also a
great number of lesser districts, or lordships, contained within
these five realms, and governed by chiefs of septs or clans, some
of whom were called kings, and all exercised a kind of regal
authority over their own people. In each dynasty, great or small,
the prince or chief was elected under the same regulations as the
supreme monarch; the rule of succession being called the Tanistry
Law, because the successor so appointed in the life-time of the
person who governed the seignury, bore the title of Tanist. Lord
Lyttleton's Hist, of Hen, II, vol. iii. p. 20.

GILLINGHAM, COUNTY OF KENT.

Within this manor the custom is such, that the Port reeve f is
to be elected by the homage. Madox Firma Burgi, 67.

f Port greve, or Port reeve, signifies with us a magistrate in cer-
tain

591

tain sea-coast towns, and as Camden, in his Britannia, p. 325,
saith the chief magistrate of London was so called. Jacob.

BEREALSTON, COUNTY OF DEVON,

Was made a borough by its ancient lords, but sent no burgesses
to parliament until 27 Eliz. The returning officer is the port reve,
who is annually chosen in the lord's court by the freeholders. Gur-
don's Hist. p. 244.

STRETFORD HUNDRED, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

The custom of the hundred of Stretford, in the ccfunty of Oxford,
is, that the heirs of tenements, within the hundred aforesaid, exist-
ing after the death of their ancestors, shall have Principal, i. e.
an heir-loom, viz. of every kind of cattle ; the best waggon, best
plough, best cup, &c.*

WARLINGHAM, COUNTY OF SURREY.

In the parish of Warlingham, in Surrey, there is (or was, about
thirty or forty years ago,) a custom which seems to refer to the
rites performed in honour of Pomona. Early in the spring, the
boys go round to the several orchards in the parish, and whip the
apple trees in order to procure a plentiful crop of fruit, and, after
having done it, they carry a little bag to the house, where the good
woman gives them some meal. Gent. Mag. vol. lii. p. 367.

* Consuetudo hundred! de Stretford, in palium, anglice, an heir-loome, viz. de quodam

com. Oxon. est, quod haeredes tenementorum genere catallorum, utensilium, &c. optimum

infra hundredum praedict. existen. post mortem plaustrum, optiraam carucam, optimum ci-

antecessorum suorum habebunt, &e. Prinei- phum, &c. 1 Inst. 18, b.

ARDLEY,

692

ARDLEY, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

In this manor there is an ancient custom that if any tenant died
seised of afty copyhold land, held hereof without heir male, and
leave two, three, or more daughters or sisters, the eldest daughter
or sister shall be sole heir to such copyhold land, and the other
daughters or sisters shall have no part thereof. Chauncy's Hist.
Antiq. of Hertfordshire, p. 53.

NORTHAMPTON, COUNTY OF.

By the custom of the county of Northampton, in the absence of
the sheriff, the frank pledge may make deliverance of goods dis-
trained. Complete Attorney and Solicitor, edit. 1676, p. 158.

NEW COLLEGE, COUNTY OF OXFORD.

There is an ancient custom (the original whereof we cannot find)
of the fellows of New College, in Oxford, who, every Holy Thurs-
day, between eight and nine o'clock in the morning, go to the Hos-
pital of St. Bartholomew, and a little without the city eastward,
where, in the chapel, they hear certain prayers read, and an anthem
sung I from whence they go to the upper end of the grove, adjoin-
ing to the chapel, (the way being strewed with sweet flowers,) and
place themselves round the well, where they chaunt forth a song
composed of three, four, or more parts ; after the performance of
which, they refresh with a morning draught, and then retire to
Oxford to be present at the sermon. Universal Library, or Com-
plete Summary of Science, edit. 1722, p. 357.

WEST

593

WEST HADDON, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

Northampton, ss. Amongst the orders or decrees of the teyiij
of St. Michael, 21 EUz. remaining in the Bx:chequer, and in
the custody of the King's Remembrancer, among other things,
is contained thus :

Upon the hearing of the matter betwixt Ralph Turner, vicar of
West Haddon, and Edward Andrews, it is ordered, that the said
vicar shall have, by reason of the words altaragium cum manso
competenti, contained in the composition of the profits assigned
for the vicar's maintenance, all such things as he ought to have by
these words, according to the definition thereof, made by the Reve-
rend Father in God John, Bishop of London, upon conference
with the Civilians, viz : David Hewes, Judge of the Admiralty ;
Bartholomew Clark, Dean of the Arches ; John Gibson, Henry
James, Lawrence Hewds, and Edward Stanhope, all Doctors of
the Civil Law, that is to say ; by altaragium, tithes of wool, lamb,
colt, calf, pigs, goslings, chickens, butter, cheese, hemp, flax,
honey, fruits, herbs, and such other small tithes, with offerings,
that shall be due within the parish of West Haddon. Blounf s Law
Diet. tit. Altarage.

PENCOMB, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

The lord of the manor of Pencomb, by ancient custom, claims
a pair of gilt spurs, as an heriot, from every mayor of Hereford
who dies in his office. Blount Gough's Camd, vol. iii. p. 86^

MAN, ISLE OF.

The governor and officers of the island, do usually call the

4 G twenty-

594

twenty-four keys, being the chief commons thereof, especially once
every year, viz. upon Midsummer-day, at St. John's Chapel, to
the court, parliament, or annual convention of the people, kept
there, called the Tinewald Court ; where, upon a hill near the
said chapel, all the inhabitants of the island stand round about
and in the plain adjoining, and hear the laws and ordinances agreed
upon in the chapel of St. John, which are published and declared
unto them ; and at this solemnity the lord of the island sits in a
chair of state, with a royal canopy over his head, and a sword held
before him, attended by the several degrees of the people, who sit
on each side of him, &c. King's Descript. of the Isle of Man. Jac.
Law Diet. tit. Tinewald.

But now let us come to their laws, and jurisdiction of this isle,
the like whereof we find not in any place. Their judges they
call deemsters, (from dema, a Saxon word, to judge) which they
choose out of themselves. All controversies they determine with-
out process, pleading, writing, or any charge or expence at all.
If any case be ambiguous, and of greater weight, it is referred to
twelve, which they call Claves Insulse, the keys of the island.
They have coroners, (quos annuos vocant) who supply the office
of a sheriff. 4 Inst. 284. Vide Hist, of the Isle of Man and House
©f Stanley, pp. 194. 221.

SOMERTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

Sir John Stowell, lord of this manor, prescribed to have a lawful
court in a great moor, part of the said manor, for the better order-
ing the cattle of the tenants, in which moor they had a right of
common ; and at which court all the commoners ought to appear by

customs

595

custom, &c. and that an homage hath been used to be sworn there
bjthe steward, which homage hath used to present all offences in
the common, and to make bye-laws for the better ordering thereof,
which the commoners ought to obey under a reasonable penalty to
be assessed on them, and to be forfeited to the lord. Adjudged
a good custom, in the case of James v. Tutney. Cro. Car. 497,
Comp. Cop. 506.

LOSTWITHIEL, COUNTY OF CORNWALL.

Upon Little Easter Sunday, the freeholders of the towne and
mannour, by themselves or their deputies, did there assemble ;
amongst whom, one (as it fell to his lot by turne) brauely apparelled,
gallantly mounted, with a crown on his head, a sceptre in his
hand, a sword borne before him, and dutifully attended by all
the rest, also on horseback, rode thorow the principall streete to the
church : there the curate, in his best beseene, solemnly received
him at the church-yard stile, and conducted him to hear divine ser-
vice : after which, he repaired with the same pompe, to a house
foreprovided for that purpose, made a feast to his attendants, kept
the table's iend himselfe, and was served with kneeling, assay, and
all other rights due to the estate of a prince ; with which dinner the
ceremony ended, and every man returned home again. The pedi-
gree of this usage is derived from so many descents of ages, that
the cause and authour outreach remembrance : howbeit, these cir-
cumstances offer a conjecture^hat it should betoken the royalties
appertaining to the honour of Cornwall. Carew's Survey of Corn-
wall, edit. 1769, lib. ii. p. 137.

4 G 2 WAKEFIELD,

596

WAKEFIELD, COUNTY OF YORK.

In ejectment for copyhold lands, held of this manor, it was ad-
mitted at a trial at bar, that, by the custom of that manor, copyhold
lands might be intailed ; and that the custom to bar such intails is
for the tenant in tail to commit a forfeiture ; and then, after three
proclamations made, the lord of the manor may seise for such for-
feiture, and re-grant the lands to the copyholder and his heirs, by
which means he hath an estate in fee, and by consequence the estate
tail is gone ; but that another custom to bar such intails is, for the
tenant in tail in possession to make a surrender to a purchaser and
his heirs, and then such purchaser is to commit a forfeiture, for
which the lord of the manor is to seise, and to re-grant to the pur-
chaser, and by this means the issue in tail are barred, though the
tenant in tail did not join. I Sid. 314. Pilkington v. Stanhope.

WALES.

In Wales there was formerly a custom called Assach, which was a
purgation by the oath of 300 men, as appears by the statute of the
1st Hen. V. cap. 6. " Par un assach solone la custume de gales,
cest a dire par le serement de ccc hommes." Pennant's Tour in
Wales, 1773, p. 364.

SHEEPSHEAD, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

Every resiant within this manor pays 1 d. per poll to the lord at
the court held after Michaelmas, which is there called common
fiae. Blount's Law Diet, sub verbo.

ROTHLEY, COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

The manor is extensive, and is invested with peculiar jurisdiction

597

in ecclesiastical affairs ; being free from all higher courts, and, as
the lord of the manor can grant licences of marriage, is exempt
from the jurisdiction and visitation of the bishop of the diocese.
** The custom of gavelkind prevails throughout the soke ; a soke-
man's widow holds all her husband's real property therein, so long
as she continues such ; and the lord receives an alienation :fine for
every first purchase made by a foreigner, i. e. a non-sokeman.
These several privileges are holden in virtue of a patent of the land
heretofore of the Knights Templars, and afterwards of the Knights
Hospitalers, who originally enjoyed it by special and express words
conveyed by the patent ; which, with all its privileges, was conveyed
to the ancestor of the present owner (Thomas Babington, esquire^
of Rotbley Temple, lord of the manor.) The soke of Rothley ea-
joys moreover the privileges of court leet, court baron, &c. oyer,
terminer, and gaol delivery, independent of the county "*."

WRITTELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In this manor there is a custom, that the tenants of the manor
have the wood growing in such fences (called Frampole Fences) as
lie against the lord's demesnes, and as many trees or poles as
they can reach from the top of the ditch with the helve of their
axes, towards the repair of their fences. Blount's I^aw Diet. tit.
Frampole Fences.

KENT, COUNTY OF.

There is a special and ancient kind of cessavit used in Ken!,
where the custom of gavelkind continues, called Gavelet, whereby

* Nichols's Hist, of Leicestershire, vol. iii. p. 955. Brayley and Britton's Beauties of Eng-
land and Wales,^ toI. ix. ^.406.

the

598

the tenant shall forfeit his lands and tenements to the lord, if he
withdraw from him his due rents and services ; after this manner.
The lord must seek, by the award of his court, from three weeks to
three Meeks, to find some distress upon the tenement, until the
fourth court, always with witnesses, and if in that time he can find
none, then at the fourth court let it be awarded, that he take the
tenement into his hand in the name of a distress, and keep it a year
and a day without manuring ; within which time, if the tenant pay
his arrears, and make reasonable amends for the with-holding, let
him have and enjoy his tenement as before ; and if he come not be-
fore the year and day be past, let the lord go to the next county
court with liis witnesses of what passed at his own court, and pro-
nounce there this process to have further witnesses ; and then, by
the award of his own court, he shall enter and manure the tenement
as his own : and if the tenant will afterwards re-have it, and hold it as
he did before, let him make agreement with the lord according to
this old saying : Neghesith selde and neghesith geld, and £6 for
nis were, er he become healder ; i. e.

He has not since anything given, nor anything paid,

Then let him pay £6 for his were, ere he become healder again.

Other copies have the first part thus written and expounded :

Nigondsith yeld and nigondsith geld :

Let him nine times pay, and nine times repay. Blount's Law
Diet tit. Gavelet.

RODELY, COUNTY OF GLOUCESTER.

The tenants of this manor pay to the lord a certain rent, called
Sand Gavel, for liberty granted them to dig sand for their uses.

Taylor's

599

Taylor's Hist, of Gavelkind, 113. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Sand
Gavel.

NORFOLK, COUNTY OF.

In this county they have a custom called Shack, which is to have
common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time, in all
men's grounds without control ; and in that county to go at Shack, is
as much as to go at large. 7 Rep. 5. Corbett's Case.

LEMPSTER, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

The vicar of Lempster has a certain payment, called Trug Corn,
allowed him for officiating at some chapels of ease (as Stoke and
Dorklay) within that parish. Tres trugge frumenti vel avense fa-
ciunt 2 bushels infra prebendam de Hunderton in ecclesia Heref.
MS. temp. Edw. III. Perhaps it may come from the Saxon Tj-05,
which signifies a great hollow vessel or trough. Blount's Law Diet.
tit. Trug.

LONDON.

In an action of debt in London, the course of proceeding in it is
thus : the action being entered, the officer goes to the shop or ware-
house of the defendant when there is nobody within, and takes a
padlock and hangs it upon the door, &c. using these words, viz.
" I do sequester this warehouse, and the goods and merchandizes
" therein of the defendant in the action, to the use of the plaintiff,
" i&c." and so puts on his seal, and makes return thereof at the
Compter ; then four court days being past, the next court after the
plaintiff may have judgment to open tke doors of the shop or ware-
house, and to appraise the goods therein by a serjeant, who takes a
bill of appraisement, having two freemen to appraise them, for
which they are to be sworn at the next court holden for that Compter ;

and

600

and then the officei' puts his hand to the bill of appraisement, and
the court granteth judgment : though the defendant in the action
may put in bail before satisfaction, and so dissolve the sequestration ;
and after satisfaction may put in bail ad disprobandum debitum, &c,
Pract. Solic. 429.

GUILDFORD, COUNTY OF SURREY.

Near Rye, in the parish of East Guildford, the inhabitants have a
peculiar way of tithing their marsh lands, whereby they pay only 3 d.
an acre while in pasture, but if ploughed 5 s. Camd. Brit. 212.

WIGENHALE, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

At a session of sewers, held at Wigenhale in Norfolk, 9 Edw. III.
it was decreed that if any one should not repair his proportion of
the banks, ditches, and causeways, by a day assigned, 12 d. for
every perch unrepaired should be levied upon him, which is called
a bye-law, and if he should not by a second day given him ac-
complish the same, then he should pay for every perch 2 s. which is
called Byscott. Hist, of Imbanking and Draining, Jacob's Law
Diet. sub. tit. Byscott.

WRITTELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

It is an ancient custom within this manor, that whatever tenant
hath his fore-door opening to Greenbury, pays a halfpenny yearly
to the lord of the manor, by the name of Green Silver. Blount's
Law Diet, in verbo.

CORNWALL, COUNTY OF.

In Cornwall it was a custom that a freeman, marrying Nativara, if

601

he had two daughters, one of them was free and the other vilain.
Bract, lib. iv. cap. 21. Jacob's Law Diet. tit. Nativi de Stipite.

BURY ST. EDMUND'S, COUNTY OF SUFFOLK.

The monks of Bury had heretofore, to bring grist to their mill,
spread an opinion, that if any married woman were barren, and had
no children, if she would but come with a white bull to the Bier of
St. Edmund (whence that town derives its name) and make her of-
ferings and vows, she should presently afterwards conceive with
child ; the manner whereof was thus : a white bull was provided,
curiously adorned with garlands of flowers between his horns,
ribbons, &c. who being led by one of the monks, the lady or wo-
man followed him, often stroking him, and the rest of the religious
crew attending her, as in a procession. They commonly set forth
from the South Gate, and so (to be more publicly seen) passed
through Church-street, Guildhall-street, and Cock-row, down to
the great gate of the Abbey, whence the woman proceeded to St.
Edmund's shrine, said her prayers, made her offerings, and re-
turned with full assurance of a speedy conception.

This had got such credit, that not only divers eminent women of
England frequented it, but even from beyond the seas ladies caused
it to be done ; and that a white bull for this sacred use might not
be wanting, the tenants of the Abbey lands were obliged to find
one always in readiness, as appears by several of their leases, viz.

" This indenture witnesses, that Mr. John Swaffham, sacrist of
the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, with the assent and will of
the prior and convent of that place, has granted and to farm let, to
Simon Lolepeke, of Bury aforesaid, yeoman, the manor called

4 H Habyrdon,

602

Habyrdon, in Bury aforesaid, &c. to hold, &c. for the term of
seven years, &c. yielding therefore yearly, &c. : and the said Simon,
his executors and assigns, shall find, or cause to be found, one
white bull every year of his said term, as oft as it shall happen that
any gentlewoman, or any other woman, out of devotion, or vow by
them made, shall come to the Bier of the glorious king and martyr
St. Edmund, to make their oblations of the white bull. In witness
whereof, &c." Dated the 4th of June, in the second year of King
Henry the Seventh, [1487.]

2d. " This indenture, made the 12th of September, in the eleventh
year of King Henry the Eighth [1519], between John Eyre, sacrist
of the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, and Richard Skinner, of
Bury aforesaid, husbandman, witnesses that the said John, by the
assent, &c. hath granted and to farm letten to the said Richard the
manor of Habyrdon, &c. for the term of ten years, &c. : and the
said Richard shall find one white bull as often as it shall happen,
&c." [as in the former deed.]

3d. " This indenture witnesses, that John, by divine permission,
abbot of the monastery of St. Edmund of Bury, by the assent, &c.
hath letten to Robert Right, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of
Bury aforesaid, our manor of Habyrdon, with the appurtenances, for
twenty years, yielding, &c. : and that the said Robert and John
shall find yearly one white bull as often [as above.] In witness,
&c" Dated the 28th of April, in the 25th year of Henry VIII. Ann.
Dom. 1533.

4th. " To all faithful Christian people that shall inspect these
presents, John Swaffham, sacrist of the monastery of St. Edmund

603

of Bury, an exempt jurisdiction appertaining immediately to the
apostolic see, and archdeacon of the same place, health, on [from]
the Author of Health; we make [made in the original] known to
you all by these presents, that Father Peter Minnebode, licentiate in
holy theology, and Father Peter Brune, together with Father Cor-
nelius, a lay brother of the order of Carmelites of the city of Gaunt,
on the 2d day of the month of June, in the year of our Lord 1474,
did, in the presence of many credible persons, offer at the Bier of
the glorious king, virgin, and martyr St. Edmund, at Bury afore-
said, one white bull, according to the ancient custom, to the honour
of God and the said glorious martyr, in relief of the desire of a
certain noble lady. Sealed with the seal of our office/' Dated the
day, place, and year aforesaid.

The first and last of these deeds were, within these fifty years,
extant, and the originals to be seen in the hands of one Mr. James
Capin, a public notary, and proctor in the ecclesiastical court ; the
second in the hands of Mr. John Malosse, an attorney of the court
of common pleas ; the third in the custody of Mr. John Hill, an
attorney of the king's bench, all three persons of repute and un-
questionable credit, and at the same time of St. Edmund's Bury ;^
and no doubt those originals are yet remaining in the possession
of some of the heirs or succeedents of those respective gentlemen.
However, we are assured that a transcript of the third of them,
under seal, remains on record at the Augmentation office *.

* Antiquarian Repertory, vol. i. p. 131.

4 H 2 EXETER,

604

EXETER, CITY OF.

The citizens of Exeter had granted to them, by charter from
King Edward I., a collection of a certain tribute or toll upon
all manner of wares brought to that city to be sold, towards paving
of the streets, repairing of the walls, and maintenance of the city,
which was commonly called, in old English, Begavel, Bethugavel,
and Chipping-gavel. Antiq. of Exeter. Jacob's Law Diet. sub. tit.
Begavel.

GOTHAM, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Cuckoo Bush, near Gotham, tradition says, was planted or set
to commemorate a trick, which the inhabitants of Gotham put upon
King John. The tale is told thus : King John, passing through this
place towards Nottingham, intending to go over the meadows, was
prevented by the villagers ; they apprehending that the ground
over which a king passed, was for ever after to become a public
road. The king, incensed at their proceedings, sent from his
court soon after some of his servants, to inquire of them the rea-
son of their incivility and ill treatment, that he might punish them
by way of fine, or some other way he might judge most proper.
The villagers, hearing of the approach of the king's servants, thought
of an expedient to turn away his majesty's displeasure from them :
when the messengers arrived at Gotham, they found some of the
inhabitants engaged in endeavouring to drown an eel in a pool of
water ; some were employed in dragging carts upon a large barn,
to shade the wood from the sun ; others were tumbling their cheeses
down a hill, that they might find their way to Nottingham for sale ;
and some were employed in hedging in a cuckoo, which had perched

upon

605

upon an old bush which stood where the present one now stands ;
in short, they were all employed in some foolish way or other, which
convinced the Iting's servants that it was a village of fools : whence
arose the old adage, " The wise men," or, " The fools of Go-
« tham."

The words of an humble poet maybe here applicable :

*' Tell me no more of Gotham fools,
*' Or of their eels in little pools,

" Which they were told were drowning ;
" Nor of their carts drawn up on high
" When King John's men were standing by,

" To keep a wood from browning.

*' Nor of their cheese shov'd down the hill,
*' Nor of a cuckoo sitting still,

" While it they hedged round ;
*' Such tales of them have long been told,
" By prating boobies, young and old,

" In drunken circles crown'd.

*' The fools are those who thither go,
*' To see the cuckoo bush I trow,

*' The wood, the barn, and pools ;
" For such are seen both here and there,
" And passed by without a sneer,

" By all but errant fools."

Thoroton's Hist, of Nottingham, vol. i. pp. 42, 43, 44.

TORPULL,

606

TORPULL, COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

Near the sea stands Broadwater, the barony of the Lords Camoys^
who have flourished from the time of Edward I. to the last affe but
one, when the estate came by James to the Lewkners and Rad-
milds. Of this family was John de Caraois, son of Lord Ralph de
Camois, who, by an example as new in those times as in the present,
" of his own free will gave and" (to speak in the words of the par-
liament rolls) " demised his wife Margaret, daughter and heiress of
"; John de Gaidesden, to Sir William Painell, knight*, and gave,
*' granted, released, and quitted to him all the goods and chattels
" that he had, or might hereafter have, and also whatever was his
" of the same Margaret^s goods and chattels, with their appur-
" tenances, so that neither he, nor any other in his name, should
" or might make any demand or claim on the said Margaret for
*' the goods and chattels of the said Margaret henceforth for
" ever." This was, according to the ancient phrase, ut omnia sua
secum haberet, packing her ofl^ bag and baggage. In consequence
of this grant, the claiming dower in the manor of Torpull, which
belonged to John de Camois, her first husband, occasioned a re-
markable suit, which she lost ; it being determined that she had no
rio^ht to dower from thence -f-.

BALDOCK,

* With whom she had cohabited. Dugd. i. tarn de Camoys, filiam et heredem Johannis

"767. de Gaidesden, uxorem meam. Et etiam de-

•f- Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos hoc disse concessisse et eidem Domino Gulielmo-

presens scriptum pervenerit. Johannes de lelaxasse et quietum clamasse omnia bona et

Camoys, filius et heies Domini Radulphi de catalla quae ipsa Margaretta habet vel de ce-

Camoys. Salutem in domino. Noveritis me tero habere possit, et etiam quicquid mei est

tradidisse et demisisse spontanea mea voluntate de pred. Margarettae bonis vel catallis cum suis

Domino Guliel. de Paynel, militi, Margaret- pertin'. Ita quod nee ego, nee aiiquis alius

nomine

607

BALDOCK, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

To this manor belongs court leet and baron, and it is the cus-
tom, when the steward appears at any court, the bell tolls, and the
tenants immediately attend the court, do their suit and service at
dinner, whither every baker and victualler sendeth a loaf of bread
and a flaggon of ale or beer, that the steward and jury may examine
the measure of their pots, weigh their bread, and taste whether
their bread, ale, or beer, be wholesome for man's body. Chaun-
«ey*s Hist. Antiq. of Hertfordshire, edit. 1700, p. 382.

RUDHAM, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

If any fight by turns in Rudham, and shall have drawn blood, the
prior of Cokesford shall have an amerciament, called Blodwite <[[,
in his court *.

^ Blodwite, according to some writers, was a customary fine paid
as a compensation and atonement for shedding or drawing of
blood, for which the place was answerable if the party was not
discovered, and therefore a privilege or exemption from this
fine or penalty was granted as a special favour. So King Henry II.
granted to all tenants within the manor of Wallingford, ut quieti

momine meo in predicta Margaretta bonis et posui, &c. 2 Inst. 435. Camd. Brit, tit Sus-

«atallis ipsius Margarette cum suis pertinen' sex. Gough's Camd. vol. i. p. 270.

de cetero exigere seu vendicare poterimus nee * Si aliqui pugnantes ad invicem in Rud-

<lebemus imperpetuum. Volo et concede et ham, et extraxeriiit sanguinem, prior de Cokes-

per presens scriptum confirmo. quod praedicta ford habebit inde amerciamenta (vocata Blod-

Margaretta cum predic^o Domino Gulielmo wite) in curia sua. Ex Regist. Priorat de

sit et maneat, ex voluntate ipsius Gulielmi. Cokesford. Blount's Law Diet. tit. Blod-

in cujus rei testimouium sigillum meum ap- wite.

sint

608

sint de hidagio et blodwite, &c. Paroch. Antiq. p. 114. Jacob's
Law Diet, sub verbo.

KENT, COUNTY OF.

Certain land in this county, and elsewhere, is held by service of
driving, as well of distresses taken for the lord's use as of the lord's
cattle, from place to place, as to and from markets, fairs, and the
like ; more particularly in Kent, of driving the lord's hogs to and
from the Weald of Kent and the downs there ; and this land is
called Drof Land. Somner, of Gavelkind, 117.

WRITIELL, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

In this manor there is a custom, that every cart that comes over a
part thereof called Greenbury (except it be the cart of a noble-
man) pays four-pence to the lord of the manor, which custom is
called Lap and Lace (Lep et Lasse.) This Greenbury is conceived
to have anciently been a market-place, and thereupon had this pri-
vilege granted. Tobias Edmonds, Gen. Senescal, ibidem. Blount's
Law Diet, in verbis.

BRIGSTOCK, COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON.

A sino-ular modification in copyhold tenure is constituted by the
custom of this manor. If any man dies seised of copyhold lands
or tenements, which come to him by descent in fee, his youngest
son is legal heir ; but if such lands were purchased by him, then
the eldest succeeds to the estate. Brayley and Britton's Beauties of
England and Wales, vol. xi. p. 201.

MARCHES OF SCOTLAND.

A custom that lands should descend always to the heirs male, viz.

609

to the males in the collateral line, excluding females in the lineal,
was held good, which it was said was allowed anciently in the
Marches of Scotland, in order to the defence of the realm, which
was there most to be looked to; though it is said in Davis's Ref-
ports, that the custom of gavelkind, which was pretended in
Ireland and Wales to divide only between males, was naught. But
the former custom was adjudged good. Hil. 18 Car. II. 2 Rot. 718.
Trin. 20 Car. II. Rot. 719. B. R. 1 Vent. 88.

KENT, COUNTY OF

In this county principally is still retained the custom of gavelkind^
which signifies a tenure or custom whereby the lands of the father
are equally divided at his death among all his sons, or the land of
the brother among all the brethren, if be have no issue of his own.
But this custom was afterwards ahered, upon the petition of divers
Kentish gentlemen in much of the land of that county, by stat. 31
Hen. VIII. cap. 3, which enacts, that " all the lordships, manors,
" lands, tenements, &c. lying and being within the county of Kent,
" of which Thomas Crumwell, knight of the garter, Lord Crum-
." well, of Wimbledon, lord privy seal, and thirty-three other lords,
" knights, esquires^, and gentlemen, therein named, should be
" changed from the said custom, nature, and tenure of gavelkind,
" and in no wise thereafter be departed or departable by the said
" custom of gavelkind between heirs males, but should remain, re-
" vert, abide, descend,^ come, and be, after and according as lord-
" ships, manors, &c, do or may descend, &c.. according torthe
" common law of this realm, &c." Blount's Law Diet. tit. Gavel-
kind.

4 £ WALES.

610

WALES.

Formerly many lands in this principality were of the nature of
gavelkind ; but by the statute of the 84th and 35th Hen. VIII.
sect. 91, it was enacted,

" That all manors, lands, tenements, messuages, and other here-
" ditaments, and all rights and titles to the same, in any of the said
" shires of Wales, descended to any manner of person or persons
" sith the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, in the thirty-
" third year of our said sovereign lord's reign, or that hereafter
*' shall descend, be taken, enjoyed, used, and holden as English
*' tenure to all intents, according to the common law of this realm
" of England, and not to be partable among heirs males after the
" custom of gavelkind, as heretofore, in divers parts of Wales hath
" been used and accustomed."

IRISH GAVELKIND.

The inferior tenancies below the degi'ee of a Tanist^, were
partable, by the custom of the Irish gavelkind, among all the males
of a sept, the spurious not excepted. And if, after such a parti-
tion, any one of them died, his proportion was not shared among
his sons, nor did it go by inheritance to the next of kin, but a new
division was made of all the lands of the sept in equal parts by the
chief; a practice very different from the Welch or Kentish gavel-
kind, and of which the consequence was, that the landed property
of the commons was perpetually changing from one man to an-
other.

% Tanist. See Tanistry Law, p. 590. Lord Lyttleton's Hist, of

TIoM TT v«l iii r» «fin

GOWER,

611

GOWER, COUNTY OF GLAMORGAN.

The Englishmen and Welchmen of Gower fined fifty marks and
two hounds to the king, to be quit of entertaining the king's Serjeants
at Swansea Castle. Mag. Rot. 11 Joh. Rot. 16. b. tit. Glamorgan.
Madox's Firma Burgi, 85.

DOVER, COUNTY OF KENT.

It is an ancient custom, if any tenant holding of the Castle of
Dover failed in paying his rent at the day, that he should forfeit
double ; and for the second offence treble ; and the lands so held
are called Terris Cultis et Terris de Warnoth. Comp. Cop. 167.

When Hubert de Burgo was made constable of this castle, he,
considering that it was not for the safety of the castle to have new
guards every month, procured, by the assent of the king, and of all
that held of the castle, that every tenant for one month^s guard
should send ten shillings, out of which certain persons elected and
sworn, as well horse as foot, should be maintained for guarding the
Castle. Comp. Cop. 167, cites Camden's Brit. 249, 250.

DERBY, COUNTY OF.

In Derbyshire, the king's bailiffs anciently took 6 d, of every bo-
vate of land, in the name of Sheriff Tooth. Ryl. Plac. Pari. 653.
And it is said to be a common tax levied for the sheriff's diet. Ja-
cob's Law Diet. tit. Sheriff Tooth.

LANGHOLME, in ESKDALE, SCOTLAND.

Among the various customs now obsolete, the most curious was
that of Handfistiug, in use about a century past. In the upper part

4i 2 of

612

of Eskdale, at the confluence of the White and the Blaek Esk, was
held an annual fair, where multitudes of each sex repaired : the un-
married looked out for mates, made their engagement by joining
hands, or by handfisting, went off in pairs, cohabited till the next an-
nual return of the fair, appeared there again, and then were at liberty
to declare their approbation or dislike of each other. If each party
continued constant, the handfisting was renewed for life ; but if
either party dissented, the engagement was void, and both were at
full liberty to make a new choice, but\<^ith this proviso, that the in-
constant was to take the charge of the offspring of the year of proba-
tion. This custom seemed to originate from the want of clergy in
this county in the days of popery : this tract was the property of
the Abbey of Melross, which, through economy, discontinued the
vicars that were used to discharge here the clerical offices : instead,
they only made annual visitations for the purposes of marrying and
baptising, and the person thus sent was called Book in Bosom, pro-
bably from carrying, by way of readiness, the book in his breast;
but even this being omitted, the inhabitants became necessitated at
first to take this method, which they continued from habit to prac-
tise long after the Reformation had furnished them with clergy.

Persons of rank, in times long prior to those, took the benefit of
this custom ; for Lindsey *, in his Reign of James the Second (who
was slain by the English at the siege of Roxbrough Castle, 1448),
says, " that James, sixth Earl of Murray, begat upon Isabel Innes,
" daughter of the Laird of Innes, Alexander Dunbar, a man of
*' sino-ularwit and courage." This Isabel was but handfist with him,
and deceased before the marriage ; where, through this Alexander,

* Page 26, fol. edit,

613

lie was worthy of a greater living than he might succeed to by the
laws and practices of this realm.

. The magistrates of this place are very attentive to the suppression
pf all excessive exertions of that unruly member the tongue : the
Brank, an instrument of punishment, is always in readiness ; and I
was favoured with the sight of it : it is a sort of headpiece, that opens
and incloses the head of the impatient, while an iron, sharp as a
chissel, enters the mouth, and subdues the more dreadful weapon
within- This had been used a month befpre, and as it cut the poor
female till blood gushed from each side of her mouth, if would be.
well that the judges in this case would, before they exert their
power again, consider not only the humanity, but the legality of this
practice.

- The learned Dr. Plott has favoured the world with a minute de-
scription and a figure of the instrument, and tells us, he looks ou
it " as much to be preferred to the Ducking-stool, which not only
*' endangers the health of the party, but also gives the tongiie
** liberty 'twixt every dip ; to neither of which this is at all liable */' ''..

The editor's father remembers seeing, some years ago, a like in-
strunaent at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which is kept in the Town Hall
there for the same purpose.

SKIE, ISLE OF, SCOTLAND.

In this part of, the United Kingdom are yet kept up some very an-,
cient, but now singular customs : one is, of the Luaghadh, or walkr.

* See Pennant's Voyage in the Hebrides.

ing

614

iug of cloth, a substitute for the fulling-iriill : twelve or fourteen
women, divided into two equal numbers, sit down On eacti sid&
of a long board, ribbed lengthways, placing the cloth on it: first
they begin to work it backwards and forwards with their hands,
singing at the same as at the Quern : when they have tired their
hands, every female uses her feet for the same purpose, and six or
seven pair of naked feet are in the most violent state of agitation,
working one against the other : as by this time they grow very ear-
nest in their labours, the fury of the song rises ; at length it arrives
to such a pitch, that, without breach of charity, you would imagine
a troop of female demoniacs to have been assembled.

They sing in the same manner when they are cutting down the
corn, when thirty or forty join in chorus. The subject of the songs
at the Luaghadh, the Quern, and on this occasion, are sometimes
love, sometimes panegyric, and often a rehearsal of the deeds of
the ancient heroes, but the tunes of all are slow and melancholy.

Singing at the Quern is now almost out of date, since the intro-
duction of water-mills. The laird can oblige his tenants, as in Eng-
land, to make use of this more expeditious kind of grinding ; and
empowers his miller to search out and break any querns he can find,
as machines that defraud him of his toll. Many centuries past, the
legislature attempted to discourage these aukward mills, so preju-
dicial to the landlords who had been at the expence of others. In
1284, in the time of Alexander III., it was provided that " na man
" sail presume to grind quheit, maishlock, or I'ye, with hand mylne,
•' except he be compelled by storm, or be in lack of mills quhilk
*' sould grinde the samen. And in this case, gif a man grindes at
" hand mylnes, he sail gif the threttein measure as multer, and gif

" an^

615

" any man «ontraveins this our prohibition, he sail tine his hand
" mylnes perpetualUe/'

The Quern or Bra is made in some of the neighbouring counties
in the mainland, and costs about fourteen shillings. This method of
grinding is very tedious, for it employs two pair of hands four
hc»iirs to grind only a single bushel of corn. Instead of a hair sieve
to sift the meal, the inhabitants here have an ingenious substitute ;
a sheep's skin stretched round a hoop, and perforated with small
holes made with a hot iron. They knead their bannock with water
only, and bake, or rather toast it, ^by laying it upright agaiasi a
^tone placed near the fire.

( The corn is graddan'd or burnt out of the ear, instead of being
thrashed : this is performed two ways ; first, by cutting off the ears
and drying them in a Itiln, then setting fire to tbem on a floor, and
pickiiig out the grains, by this operation rendered as black as ai
coal. The other method is more expeditious, for the whole sheaf is
burnt, without the trouble of cutting off the ears : a most ruinous
.practice, as it destroys both thatch and manure, and on that ac-
count has-been wisely prohibited in some of the islands.

Crraddan'd §^.§ corn was the parched corn of Holy Writ. Thus
Boaz presents his beloved Ruth with parched corn : and Jesse sends
David with an ephah of the same to his sons in the camp of Saul.
The grinding was also performed by the same sort of machine as the
quern, in which two women were necessarily employed : thus it is
prophesied, " Two women shall be grinding at the mill ; one shall
" ^e taken, the other left,"

I must

61©

I must observe too that the island lasses are as merry at their work
of grinding the graddan, the j<«%?os of the ancients, as those, of
Greece were in the days of Aristophanes,

" Who warbled as they ground their parched corn*."

•Pennant's Voyage to the Hebrides.

§:]:§ Graddan is derived from Grad, quick, as the process is so ex-^
peditious. ■

CANNAY, ISLAND OF, one of the HEBRIDES.

- The chief use of horses in this little district is to form an annual
cavalcade at Michaelmas. Every man in the island mounts his
horse, unfurnished with saddle, and takes behind him either some
young girl or his neighbour's wife, and then rides backwards and
forwards from the village to a certain cross, without being able to give
any reason for the origin of this custom. After the procession is
over, they alight at some public-house, where, strange to say, the fe-
males treat the companions of their ride. When they retire to their
houses, an entertainment is prepared with primaeval simplicity : the
chief part consists of a great oat cake, called Struan-Micheil, or
St. Michael's Cake, composed of two pecks of meal, and formed
like the quadrant of a circle : it is daubed over with milk and eggs,
and then placed to harden before the fire. Pennant's Voyage to the
Hebrides.

RUNNING AT THE QUINTAIN.

This was a pastime much used in England in Queen Elizabeth's
time} and before ; and having been long disused, is nOw but little

* Nubes, act v. scene ii.

known.

61T

known. This was practised, amongst other things, at Kenilworth
Castlcj in the year 1575, for the entertainment of Queen Eliza-
beth.

Running at the Quintain was a hidicrous kind of tiUing at the
ring, generally performed by peasants to divert their lord, and was
thus done :

A strong post was set upright in the ground, about the height of
a man on horseback, having on the top a pivot, which ran through
a long horizontal beam, unequally divided, and at the least stroke
revolving freely about its centre, somewhat in the nature of a turn-
stile. On the upright post the head and body of the figure of an
unarmed man was fixed. The horizontal beam represented his
arms ; the shortest hand had a target, nearly covering the whole
body, except a small spot on the breast, marked with a heart or
ring, and at the end of the longest was a wooden sword, a cudgel,
or a bag of wet sand.

At this figure, peasants, armed with poles for lances, and mounted
on sorry jades of horses, ran full tilt, attempting to strike the heart
or ring. Their poles were of such a length, that if they struck the
shield, instead of the heart or ring, the short arm of the lever re-
tiring, brought round that armed with the cudgel or sand-bag, at
such a distance, and with such a velocity, as commonly to meet and
dismount the aukward assailant.

This amusement, somewhat diversified, was not long ago prac-
tised in Flanders at their wakes or festivals. In some, one arm pre-
sented a ring, whilst the other held the club or sand bag; in

4 K others.

618

others, the revolving arms were placed vertically, the lower shew-
ing the ring, whilst the upper supporting a vessel full of water,
whereby the want of dexterity in the tilter, was punished with a
wetting. Representations of this exercise may be seen among the
prints published after Philip Woverman's, who died anno ^668 *.

Stowe, in his History of London, gives the following account of
this kind of sport ;

" The marching forth of citizens sons, and other young men, on
" horsebacke, with disarmed launces and shields, there to practise
" feats of warre, man against man, hath long since been left off,
" but in their citie, they have used on horseback to run at a dead
" marke called a Quinton.

" For note whereof I read, that in th« yeere of Christ 1253, the
" 38th of Henry HI., the youthful citizens, for an exercise of their
" activity, set forth a game to run at the quinton, and whosoever
*' did best should have a peacocke, which they had prepared as a
*' prize.

" Certaine of the king's servants, because the court lay then at
" Westminster, came, as it were, in despight of the citizens, to
" that game, and giving reprochfuU names to the Londoners, which,
" for the dignity of the citie, and the antient priviledge which they
" ought to have enjoyed, were called barons ; the said Londoners
" being wrongfully abused, fell upon the king's servants, and beat
" them shrewdly, so that, upon complaint made to the king, he
" fined the citie to pay a thousand markes.

* Grose's Antiquities, vol. iv. in his account of Kenilworth Castle.

" This

619

*' This exercise of running at the quinton was practised by the
*' youthfull citizens as well in summer as in winter, namely, in the
" feast of Christmas. I have seen a quinton set upon Cornhill, by
" the Leadenhall, where the attendants of the lords of merry dis-
*' ports have runne, and made great pastime ; for he that hit not
** the broad end of the quinton was of all men laughed to scorne ;
" and he that hit it full, if he rode not the faster, had a sound blow
** in his neck with a bag full of sand hanged on the other end *."

SOUTHWELL, COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM.

Among other customs in the Soke of Southwell are the follow-
ing:

" If a man die seised of lands or tenements, his heir, being within
the land, out of prison and the king's wars, shall come to the court
within one year and a day, or else the next of the blood shall come
in ; and if not, the lands and tenements shall be seised into the
lord's hands; also the lord shall have to his fine as much as they
pay to the lord for one year's rent.

" Also the custom is, if a man be seised of lands after the custom,
and take a wife, and have issue, and die seised, the wife shall have
the lands after the custom for term of her life,^ whether the heir be
admitted tenant at any time in the life of the woman or no.

" Also the custom is, that after the father being dead, his wife be-
ing feoffee for term of her life, the next heir shall come into the

* Stowe's Survey of London, edit. 1633, p. 76^

4 K 2 court,

620

court, and take up the lands at any time in her Ufe, and make sale
of the reversion, if he be disposed so to do.

" Also the custom is, that if a man be in estate of lands or tene-
ments, and have children by divers wives, the youngest son of the
first wife shall inherit the said lands and tenements, if he make no
surrender to the contrary; and if he have no son, the youngest
daughter shall be heir after the same manner ; and if the same man
have a second wife, and purchase lands, now the youngest son of
the second wife shall be heir after the same manner in that land
purchased ; and if they have more wives, after the same manner ;
and in likewise as the youngest son of the first wife, so shall the
first wife have for term of her life all the lands and tenements
which he is possessed in, except a surrender be made to the con-
trary.

" Also the custom is, if a man be seised of lands he may for eighteen
years give his land away from his heir, what place soever he be in
without the soke, having two of the lord's tenants by, without pay-
ing a fine ; and if it fortune that the person to whom the lands were
given do die before the eighteen years be ended, it shall return to
the heir.

" And if there be any lands pledged for eighteen years, if he to
whom the lands are pledged die before the eighteen years be ended
and complete, his heirs or assigns shall have forth the years,"
Comp. Cop, 506. From an ancient copy in the hands of the
author.

AYLMERTON,

621

AYLMERTON, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

There was a light in many churches, called Plough Light, main-
tained by old and young persons, who were husbandmen, before
some image ; and on Plough Monday had a feast, went about with
a plough, and some dancers to support it Blomefield's Hist, of,
Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 287.

STREATHAM, COUNTY OF SURREY.

The lord of the manor of Leigham's Court has a court leet and
view of frank pledge : the lands therein descend to the youngest
son. The tenants are subject to the payment of pannage, or 1 d.
to the lord for every swine, and to another customary payment
called Rump-pence, being 1 d. to be paid by every person who
has cattle to the value of 30 s. Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i.
p. 481.

KENTON, COUNTY OF DEVON,

A manor that had this pretty custom, that if the issue of any of
the tenants hold their tenements, one after the other, three descents,
tiiey may claim the inheritance of the tenement- Mag. Brit vol. j.
p. 483.

MILTON, COUNTY OF KENT.

In a presentment made of the customs of Milton, in 15T5, it is
mentioned, that the occupiers of the three mills holden of the ma-
nor should gather yearly, for the lord of it, nine bushels of " cheste-
nottes," in Chesnott Wood, or pay eighteen-pence by the year to the
queen, who had then the manor in her own hands, and was pos-
sessed

622

sessed of three hundred acres of Chesnut Wood within this hun-
dred. Brayley's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. viii. p. 702

TERLEY CASTLE, COUNTY OF STAFFORD.

At Terley Castle, in this county, the lordship whereof belongs to>
the Right Honorable the Lord Gerard, of Bromley, Sir Charles
Skrymsher, knight, and Richard Church, esquire : the lords enjoy
an odd custom or privilege of Lotherwits, or Lyerwits, at this day ;
that is, the liberty of taking a compensation or amerciament for bas-
tards got or born within the lordship, so called from the Saxon
Leger or Logher, a bed, and Wit, a penalty; whence Fleta ex-
pounds the word Lierwit to import as much as mulcta adulterio-
rum*, which anciently, as the books unanimously inform us, ex-
tended only to such as did defile a bond-woman within the manor
without licence. But the charter of this manor, it seems, extends
further, for here the delinquent, oath being made that the bastard
was begot within the manor, and paying ten shillings to the lords,
not only avoids the cognizance of the bishop, and all ecclesiastical
courts, and discovery of the father ; but also if a bastard child be
brought hither from without the lordship, paying ^L 19 s. 11 d. ob.
to the lords, they shall have no cognizance of it neither : nay, so
great a privilege had a certain oak in Knoll Wood, three miles
south of the castle, but within the lordship in this respect, as Sir
Charles Skrymsher told me, to whom the wood belongs, that in case
oath were made that the bastard was got within the umbrage or
reach of its boughs, neither the bishop, nor lords of the manor
themselves, could take any cognizance of it. Plott's Hist, of Staf-
fordshire, p. 279.

* fleta, lib. i. cap. 47.

EDGWARE,

623

EDGWARE, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Sir William Blackstone says, that it was usual for the lord of this
Jnanor to provide a minstrel or piper, for the diversion of the
tenants while they were employed in his service. He refers to the
ananor rolls, which are among the archives of All Souls College,
«btit does not mention the year or period of the record. Byperr-
mission of the College I examined the rolls, which are very nu-
merous, to search for that, or any other curious entries which might
<)ccur. I had not the good fortune to find what Blackstone refers
to ; but there can be no doubt of the fact upon his authority, Ly-
sons's Environs of London, vol. ii, p. 244.

BATTERSEA, COUJNTY OF SURREY,

In this manor lands descend to the youngest son ; but in default
t)f sons, they do not go to the youngest daughter, but are divided
among the daughters equally, Lysons s Environs of London, vol. i
p. 30.

ECCLES, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

All the tenants of William le Parker, lord of this manor, had
(amongst other customs) that of Bedgeld f , as appears by inquisi-
tion taken atEccles in the 38d of Edw. I., before Robert Hereward,
sheriff of Yorkshi^-.e, Blomefield's Hist of Norfolk, edit. 1775,
vol. V. p. 799,

^ Bedgeld is a custom, by which, at every wedding of the man
and woman of the homage, the lord was to have a certain bed,
or the price, according to the degree of the person married,
whether noble or ignoble. Blomefield*

SAINT

624

SAINT STEPHEN'S PARISH, COUNTY OF HERTFORD.

All surrenders of copyhold estates holden of this manor must be
taken by the lord or the steward of this court, unless the copy-
holder making such surrender lie in extremis, then two tenants
sworn to take such surrender in extremis may take it, but if such
copyhold tenant that made such surrender shall recover and go
abroad, such surrender shall be void.

The wife of a copyhold tenant shall be endowed of the thirds in
his customary estate.

The husband of a copyholder shall be tenant by the courtesy.

Copyholders may demise their customary lands without licence
for three years, but no longer.

Copyhold tenants may fell timber without licence.

If a copyholder die seised of any customary lands, leaving no issue
male, only daughters, the eldest daughter only shall inherit ; and in
case of no daughters, but two or three sisters, the eldest sister shall
be sole heir by the custom. The like customs are in the manor
of Cashiobury. Chauncy's Hist. Antiq. of Hertfordshire, p. 505.

PEAK OF DERBYSHIRE.

The following, among other customs (relating to the Minery), ap-
pear to be observed here :

" The bare mayster, and the lord, and the steward, shall hold
" courts on the mynorie, when he lyst, two grett courts in the yere.

*' And

625

" And if any mynoT etlier be attented for stejling of ore, furst he
** shal be a mersed v s. iiij d. the whiche iiij d. the bare mayst^r
** shall have. And if he be este attaynted, he shal be m'sed xviij d.
*' the whiche viij d. the bare mayster shall have. And if he be at-
" taynted the third tyme for steyling of myne, he shal be taken
" and smythen throughe the palme of the hand with a knyf up to
" hafte in to the stoure, and ther shall stand till he be ded, or els
*' cut hym self lose ; and then he shall forswere the franches of the
" myne. And if any man be taken by occasion of any article the
" longethe to the myn, he shall abide in the bare mayster's kepyng.
" And if he wil be manprised in payn of a hundredth shellyngs, to
" be brought agayn befor the steward at the next court of the myn.
" And if he that ys so manprysed be attaynted of felony in the court,
" the steward shall do by hym as the law will upon the same place.
*' And, if he will, put hym on the mynors. And yche trespas of othes
*' and of blodshedes he shall be mersed to v s. iiij d. the whiche iiij d.
•' the bare mayster shall have. And any oth^r trespas be don upon
" the mynory, hit shall be fared to ij d. and that shal be paid to the
" bare mayster the furst of a fermont, or els the ijd, aye be
*' doubled. And so from day to day till yt come to v s. iiij d. And
" then the bayre mayster shall have the iiij d. and the lord v s." Ex
MS. penes Francis Ferrand Foljambe, Arm.

ALDFORD, COUNTY OF CHESTER.

John Stanley, esquire, claims that if any one should have im-
pleaded another of his free tienementin his court of Aldford, by writ
of? right patent of the lordship, to hold and determine his aforesaid
plea by duel, according- as right is by the common law *".

HALLATON,

* Johannes Stanley, ar'. clanaat quod si ali- curi» sua de Aldford, per breve dpmini comi-
^ubpladtaveritaliquemde libero tenemento in tis de recto patent, tenere et terminare prae-

4 L dictum

626

HALLATON, COUNTY OF LEICESTER,

Is distinguished by a singular and ridiculous ancient annual custom.
A piece of land was bequeathed to the use and advantage of the Rec-
tor, who was then to provide " two hare pies, a quantity of ale, and
" two dozen of penny loaves, to be scrambled for on Easter Mon-
•' day annually." The land, before the inclosures took place, was
called Harecrop-leys ; and at the time of dividing the fields, in
1770, a piece was allotted to the rector in lieu of the said Leys.
The custom is still continued ; but instead of hare, the rector pro-
vides two large pies made of veal and bacon. These are divided
into parts, and put into a sack ; and about two gallons of ale, in two
wooden bottles, without handles or strings, are also put into a sack :
the penny loaves are cut into quarters, and placed in a basket.
Thus prepared, the men, women, and children, form a procession
from the rector^s, and march to a place called Hare Pie Bank, about
a quarter of a mile south of the town. In the course of this journey
the pieces of bread are occasionally thrown for scrambhng ; but the
pies and ale are carried to the grand rustic theatre of contention
and confusion. This is of old formation, and, though not upon so
great a scale, or destined for such bloody feats, as the Roman am-
phitheatres, yet consists of a bank, with a small trench round it,
and a circular hole in the centre. Into this the pies and ale are pro-
miscuously thrown, and every frolicsome, foolish, and frantic rustic,
rushes forward to seize a bit, or bear away a bottle. Confusion en-
sues, and, what began in puerile sport, occasionally terminates in that
common, but savage custom, a boxing match. Brayley and Brit-
ton's Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ix. pp. 436, 437.

dictum placitum per duellum, prout jus est Cestriam, 14 Hen. VII. Blount's Law Diet,
per communem legem. Plac. in Itin. apud tit. Duell.

WELLS,

627

WELLS, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

In the 14th of Edw. I., Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester,
lord of Stafford's manor, claimed wreck of sea, and it was found
that if a ship was in danger of a wreck, none of the men of Wells,
Holkham, &c. dared to help for fear of the Earl of Gloucester's
bailiff; that if the ship was broke, and all the men drowned, the
earl had all the goods, but if a dog was left alive, then only a moietj ;
and that the earl had a court in North Greenhow, in which, if any
one was injured, it was difficult to have any remedy. He had^ also
assize of bread and beer, gallows, tumbrell, infangtheof, &c- and
free warren. Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, edit. 1775, p. 841.

WRAGBY, COUNTY OF LINCOLN.

The vicarage of Wragby consists wholly in Altarage f , and in Ce-
rao-e§:J:§, commonly called Warshot, in bread, commonly called
JVIanport §f §, and in increment of Peter Pence [*J, commonly called
FireHarlh*. ,

€ Altarao-c. The offerings made upon the altar, and also the profit
that arises to the priest by reason of the altar. Jacob.

§+§ Cerage. A payment to find candles in the church. Mat. Paris.
Jacob.

§f § Manport, or Main-port, is a small tribute, commonly of loaves
,, , of bread, which in some places the parishioners pay to the rector
of their church in recompence for certain tithes. Cowell.

* Vicaria de Wragby consistit in toto Al- in incremento Denariorum Saiicti Petri, vul-

taragio et inCeragio, vulgariter diet. War- gariter diet. Fire Harth. Spelin. Blount's Law

shot, in pauibus, vulgariter diet. Manport, et Diet. tit. Mainpor^e.

4 L 2 [*] Peter

C28

[*] Peter Pence. A tribute of one penny for every house, given by
King Ina to the church of St. Peter at Rome, in his pilgrimage
thither, A.D. 720.

WEST SLAPTON, COUNTY OF DEVON.

In this manor, if any tenant die possessed of a cottage, he is by
the custom to pay to the lord sixpence for a farley, which I suppose
may be in lieu of a heriot ; for in some manors westward they dis-
tinguish farleu to be the best good, as heriot is the best beast pay-
able at the tenant's death. Blount's Law Diet, sub voce Farley, or
Farleu.

GLOUCESTER, THE COUNTY OF.

A custom, savouring of the Scotch Bel-tein *, prevails in Glouces-
tershire, particularly about Newent and the neighbouring parishes,
on the Twelfth Day, or on the Epiphany, in the evening : all the
servants of every particular farmer assemble together in one of the

* On the 1st of May, the herdsmen of
every village (in Scotland) hold their Bel-tein,
a rural sacrifice : they cut a square trench on
the ground, leaving the turf in the middle; on
th^t they m^ke a fire of wood, on which they
dress a large caudle of eggs, butter, oatmeal,
and milk ; and bring, besides the ingredients
of th^ caudle, plenty of beer and whisky, for
each of the company must contribute some-
thing. The rites begin with spilling some of
the caudle on the ground, by way of libation :
on that, every one takes a cake of oatmeal,
upon which are raised nine square knobs, each
dedicated to some particular being, the sup-
posed preserver of thpir flocks and herds, or
to some particular auimal, the real destroyer

of them ; each person then turns his face to
the fire, breaks off a knob, and flinging it
over his shoulders, says, " This I give to thee,
preserve thou my horses ; this to thee, preserve
thou my sheep ;" and so on. After that they
use the same ceremony to the noxious ani-
mals : " This I give to thee, O fox ! spare
thou my lamb^ ; this to thee, O hooded crow!
this to thee, O eagle !"

When the ceremony is over, they dine on
the caudle ; and after the feast is finished, what
is left is hid by two persons deputed for that
purpose ; but on the next Sunday they re-
assemble, and finish the relics of the first enter-
tainment. Pennant's Tour in Seotland, 1772,;
pp, 94, 95.

fields

629

fields that has been sown with wheat ; on the border of which, in
the most conspicuous or elevated place, they make twelve fires of
straw, in a row; around one of which, made larger than the rest,
they drink a cheerful glass of cider to their master's health, success
to the future harvest, and then rieturning Irortie they feast on cakes,
made of carraway, &c. soaked in cider, which they claim as a
reward for their past labours in sowing the grain. This seems to
resemble a custom of the antient Danes, who, in their addresses to
their rural deities, emptied, on every invocation, a cup in honour
of them. Niordi et Fresae memoria poculis recolebatur, annua ut
ipsis contingeret felicitas, frugumque et reliquse annonae uberrimus
proventus. Worm. Monum. Dan. lib. i. p. 28. Pennant's Tour in
Scotland, 1772, pp. 94, 95, note.

BALSHALL, COUNTY OF AVARWICK.

*By the presentments of a jury of survey, made May 11th,
1657, it appears, (among other things),

" That the lands and tenements of the copyholders are to descend
to the youngest son or male issue, and for want of such to the
youngest daughter or female issUe.

" That the first wife was to enjoy, for the term of her natural life^
in the name of her fjpee-bendh, all the copyhold land« and tene-
ments as her husband died possessed of, she not doing any waste j
but the second or third wife of a copyholder was to have only one-
third part of the rents and profits of all such lands to be agreed on

* Vide Pat. 20. R. 2. ni. 20, de consue- bonis defuncti inter uxoretri et liberas divi->
tujdine tenentiam manerii id&' Batlsba^V ?«"<> d«ndis.i

and

630

and set forth by three or four honest copyholders ; and that eVery
heir, male or female, widow or termer for life, was to pay for his or
their admittance one penny.

" That every female heir, in possession of any such copyhold,
and every widow that holdeth for term of life, ought to ask
licence at the manor-house, called the Temple of the Lord, or
his deputy, before they marry ; and if there be no lord or steward,
then to have two or three more copyholders to witness her or their
such asking of licence, and this done they may marry ; and at the
next court, or some court following, they may come and have
allowance of their marriage under the steward's hand, paying five
shillings ; and if any such do marry without asking Ucence, they
are to be fined at the will of the lord for their default.

" That if any female heir, being in possession of any copyhold,
for lack of grace, should happen to commit fornication, or be
beo-otten with child, she was not to forfeit her estate, but she
must come into the lord's court, and bring to the lord or his
steward, a purse of three-halfpenny price, and in that five shil-
lings in money, and so to be acquitted. And that if any widow,
being a termer for life in any such lands and profits thereof, do
commit fornication or adultery, she is to forfeit her estate for her
life, until she agree with the lord by fine, makipg to be restored."
Dugdale's Antiq. of Warwickshire, vol. ii. p. 967.

WIMBLEDON, COUNTY OF SURREY.

The following customs formerly prevailed in this manor, some
of which have now necessarily ceased : On the first coming of every
new archbishop, each customary tenant was obhged to present

him

631

him with a " gyfte, called Saddle Silver, accustomed to be five
"marks;" every person who held two yard-lards, or thirty acres,
was liable to serve the office of beadle, and those who held three
yard-lands, the office of reeve or provost. Upon the death of
every freeholder, the lord was entitled to " his best horse, saddyl,
" brydell, spere, sworde, boots, spores, and arraure, if he any
" should have *," Lands in this manor descend to the youngest
son. Lysons's Environs of London, vol. i. p, 523.

COMB KEINES, COUNTY OF DORSET.

The tithingman of Comb Kaines is obliged to do suit at Win-
frith-court ; and, after repeating the following incoherent lines,
pays three-pence, and goes out without saying another word:

" With my white rod,
" And I am a fourth post,
" That three-pence makes three,
" God bless the king, and the lord of the franchise ;
" Our weights and our measures are lawful and true,
" Good morrow, Mr. Steward, I have no more to say to
you."

On default of any of these particulars, the court leet of Combe
is forfeited. Hutchins's Hist, of Dorsetshire, vol. i. p. 127.

- t

BLOFIELD HUNDRED, COUNTY OF NORFOLK,

It appears from the register of St. Rennet's Abbey, that when

* Paper among some records of the manor, copied from the Black Book in the Archbishop
of Canterbury's Office of Record* - ' ' ' -

632

an estate, which ought to do suit to the hundred court*, came to
be divided by sale, descent, or inheritance, by divers persons into
divers parts, yet but one suit was to be done. Blomefield's Hist/
of Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 2.

ISLEWORTH, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

An ancient custom prevailed in this manor, that the tenants should
pay to the lord a certain sum of money, amounting to eight mairks,
called the dyseyne, over and above the customary rents. This sum
was raised by a tax levied, in an equal proportion, upon all the male
inhabitants of fifteen years of age and upwards f . Lands in this
manor descend according to the strict custom of Borough English.
Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iii. p. 96.

IRCIIINFIELD, COUNTY OF HEREFORD.

The king has in Arcenfelde one hundred men, minus four,
who hold seventy-three carucse with their men, and pay for custom
forty-one pints of honey, and twenty shillings, in lieu of the sheep
which they used to furnish, and ten shillings smoke money %, and
no other toll or custom, except serving in the king's army, if re-
quired. If a freeman dies there, the king has his horse and arms ;
and if a vilain one ox.

These ninety-six men here spoken of, Mr. Blount reckoned to be
liberi homines, yet Inch as held in gavelkind; and the seventy-three
ploughs, with their nrren, he looked upon as their villani ; and- that
Ijoth held all their lands in this territory in gavelkind, which are so
continued to this day. They were free from payments and customs

* Reg. Holm. fo. 145. f CI. 9. Ric. II. m. 47, J,I?ro funaagio.,

anciently

633

anctently imposed upon the rest of the nation, because as a special
Sremark it is said, " n€c dant geldara aut aliam consuetudinein,"
unless it be to march in the king's army when they are commanded,
yet paying (as the rest of Wales doth) their talu-fwch and talu-furn,
this last being the fumagium above mentioned a payment for fire,
and elsewhere called smoke silver, which is still paid to the lords
of manors In Wales, and in some parts of England to the minister
of the parish. They had the chief honour in the army given them,
and led the van to fight, and brought up the rear in its retreat.
They hav«, within th«ir circuit, a liberty to arrest for any sum
of money whatsoever, and whoever purchases knd« there may
bequeath them to whom he pleases, as it was adjudged inter Mar-
tinstow and Gloditha, 20 Edw. I. The wife here hath the moiety
of her husband's lands for her dower ; nor is here any forfeiture
of lands for felony ; besides, the king's writ runs not here. They
have also a formal mode of judicature of their own, much after the
British fashion: the steward,, with his officers belonging to the
court, being seated, there are certain chiefs among them who hold
their lands of the lord by suit and doom in the court of this his
liberty, and therefore called doomsraen, that is, men of judgment,
or such who are to judge of matters in controversy. Accordingly,
in the quo warranto roll of Trchenfeld, 20 Edw. I., it is recorded-,
that " jurati hundredorum de Irchenfeld, Webbeter, et Greytre
" dicunt quod Botholin qui tenuit villam de Camboglin solebat
" facere sectam ad hundred predict, et esse ^nus doomsman de
*' eodem hundredo, &c." And whereas the king had three churche*
within this Uberty, the priests of those churches were bound to
«arry the king's messages into Wales, and each of them to say two
masses every week for the 4ing, as appears by Domesday-book.
Besides, the learned author before cited affirms he has seen a re-

4 m cord.

634

cord, wherein the inhabitants of Irchenfeld are said to be left, as
it were, to their own hberty, and to be extra comitatum, not bound
lip to any strictness by the country laws. Lastly, the tenure whereby
they hold their lands is gavelkind, which is a partition among all
female children, with this difference only to the eldest son, that
certain principals (as they call them) pass to him as heir-looms,
and are not subject to partition, such as the best beast, the best
bed and furniture, the best table, &c. which tenure, and those other
enumerated customs they do, for the most part, still retain, as
derived to them from great antiquity, even before the Norman
Conquest, for they are recorded to have been consuetudines Wa-
lensium tempore Regis Edwardi Confessoris.

These customs were as follow : If any stole from the Welch a
man or woman, horse, ox, or cow, he was, on conviction, to re-
store the thing stole, and forfeit twenty shillings, but for a sheep
or bundle of manipuli *, two shillings^ Whoever killed one of the
Jiing's men and tied -j , was to forfeit to the king twenty shillings for
the murder.]:, and one hundred shilUngs forfeit; if the man be-
longed to a thane, the forfeit to the man's master was to be ten
shillino's. If one Welchman killed another, the relations of the
deceased were to meet and plunder the goods of the murderer and
his relations, and burn their houses till the body was buried, about
noon of the following day. The king was to have his third of the
booty, and ajl t^e rest was to remain to them. Whoever was charged
with firing a house, and could not clear himself by forty compur-

* Fasciculus manipuloium. Q. Bundle of t Fecit beinforain.

clothes I manipulus was a. sacerdotal garment, % De solutione hominis.

or sudarium, worn oi) the priest's. l^ft arm. Da

Cringe.

gators,

635

gators, was to forfeit twenty shillings to the king. Whoever was
convicted of concealing one pint of honey in the custom, was to
forfeit five pints for one, if his lands yielded as much. If the
sheriff called them to the shiremot, six or seven of the best were
to go with him, and whoever refused to go on summons, was to
forfeit two shillings, or an ox to the king, " et qui de hundret re-
manet," was to pay as much; the like fine for disobeying the sheriff's
precept to go with him into Wales, for if the sheriff did not go, no
one else need*. Taylor, on Gavelkind, pp, 109, 110, 111. Gough's
Camd, vol. ii. p. 447.

TWICKENHAM, COUNl Y OF MIDDLESEX.

There was an ancient custom, at Twickenham, of dividing two
grieat cakes in the church, upon Easter-day, among the young
people ; but it being looked upon as a superstitious relic, it was
ordered by parliament f, (1645), that the parishioners should for-
bear that custom, and instead thereof buy loaves of bread for the
poor of the parish with the money that should have bought the
cakes. It is probable that the cakes were bought at the vicar's ex-
pence ; for it appears that the sum of one pound per annum is still
charged upon the vicarage for the purpose of buying penny loaves
for poor children, on the Thursday before Easter. Within the
memory of man, they were thrown from the church-steeple to be
scrambled for, a custom which prevailed also some time ago at
Paddington, and is not totally abolished, Lysons's Environs ot
London, vol. iv. p. 603.

* Domesd. f. 170. f The Ofrgitlal order is, or was, kept in the parish diest.

4 M 2 TAUNTON,

636

TAUNTON, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In this manor there are two sorts of lands, bondland and over-
land. The bondland is that whereon there have been and commonly
are ancient dwelling-tenements, and is held by a customary fine and
rent certain, paying heriots, and doing other suits and services to
the same belonging. The overland is that whereon, in ancient time,
there were no dwellings, and is held by a fine and rent certain and
fealty ; but the tenants thereof pay no heriots, and do no other
customs, suit, or service for the same. CoUinson's Hist, and
Antiq. of Somersetshire, vol. iii. p. 233.

PADDINGTON, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Some lands, said to have been given by two maiden gentlewomen,
for the purpose of distributing bread, cheese, and beer, among the
inhabitants, on the Sunday before Christmas-day, are now let at
c£21 per annum : the bread was formerly thrown from the church-
steeple to be scrambled for, and part of it is still distributed in tha,t,
*way. Lysons's Environs of London, vol. iv. p. 341.

CONGRESBURY, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

In the parishes of Congresbury and Puxton, are two large pieces
of common land, called East and West Dolemoors*, which are
divided into single acres, each bearing a peculiar and different
mark cut in the turf, such as a horn, four oxen and a mare, two
oxen and a mare, pole axe, cross, dung fork, oven, duck's nest,
hand reel, and a hare's tail. On the Saturday before Old Mid-

* From the Saxon dal, which signifies a share or portion, and is frequently applied to lands

of this description. ' '

Rummer,

637

summer, several proprietors of estates, in the parishes of Congres-
bury, Puxton, and Week St. Lawrence, or their tenants, assemble
on the commons. A number of apples are previously prepared,
marked in the same manner with the before-mentioned acres, which
are distributed by a young lad to each of the commoners, from a
bag or hat. At the close of the distribution, each person repairs
to his allotment, as his apple directs him, and takes possession for
the ensuing year. An adjournment then takes place to the house
of the Overseer of Dofemoors (an officer annually elected from the
tenants), where four acres, reserved for the purpose of paying ex-
pences, are let by inch of candle, and the remainder of the day is
spent in that socfabihty and hearty mirth, so congenial to the soul
of a Somersetshire yeoman. Collinson's Hist, and Antiq. of So-
mersetshire^ voL iii. p. 586.

KENNINGTON, COUNTY OP SURREY.

Lands in this manor descend to the youngest son ; and in default
of sons,, are divided equally amongst the daughters. Lysons's^
Environs of London, vol. i. p. 326.

RICHMOND, COUNTY OF SURREY:

Lands in this manor are held by the rod, or copy of court roll,
and descend to the youngest son ; or in default of sons, to the
youngest daughter. The same customs prevail in the manors of
Petersham and Ham.

Richard II. granted as a privilege to his tenants, within this

manor, that his officers should make no demand upon them for

corn or other provision. Lysons's Environs of London, vol.. i.,

pp. 437, 8.

^ JERSEY,

638

JERSEY, THE ISLAND OF.

Bj the custom of this island, estates both real and personal, are
equally divided among the sons and daughters, ^^alle's Account of
Jersey, p. 85. Robinson on Gavelkind, p. 14.

WALES.

Bastards inherited equally with the legitimate sons ; and that
even in the principality itself, as appears by the pedigree of Rode-
rick the Great, Prince of all Wales, set out in Taylor on Gavelkind,
fo. 25. Daughters never inherited. Women were not entitled to
dower. Robinson on Gavelkind, p. 18.

WALSOKEN, RAMSEY ABBOTS, or POPENHOW,
COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

About the year 1400, in the fifth year of Thomas, the Abbot,
Richard son of John Almore, of Walsoken, carpenter, being a
vilain of blood of this manor, paid the abbot a fine of two shillings
per annum, for liberty to live out of it, though still to be his vilain.
Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 723.

TOTTENHAM, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX.

Lands in the manors of Bruses, Pembrokes, Daubeneys, and
Mockings, descend to the youngest son; and in default of male
issue, the daughters are co-heirs. Lysons's Environs of London,
vol. iv. p. 641.

CHEWTON

639

CHEWTON MENDIP, COUNTY OF SOMERSET.

There are certain small rents paid by some tenants of this manor,
called Sacrafield Rents, which probably originated from some reli-
gious institution. Collinson's Hist, of Somersetshire, vol. ii. p. 118.

SHREWSBURY, COUNTY OF SALOP.

V, A custome there was in use in this towne, that a woman taking
(howsoever it were) a husband, if she were a widdow, she gave the
king twenty shillings, if a mayd, ten shillings, in what manner
soever it was she tooke a man. Camd. Brit. 595.

BARNES, COUNTY OF SURREY.

The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's formerly paid a sparrow
hawk, yearly, or in lieu thereof two shillings to the Archbishop of
Canterbury, as lord of the manor of Wimbledon, to be exempted
from serving the office of reeve or provost, within that manor.
Pat. Rolls, 10 Hen. IV. p. 1. m. 19. Lysons's Environs of London,,
vol. i. p. 14.

PAMBER, COUNTY OF HANTS.

The court leet holden annually, for the manor of Pamber, near
Basingstoke, in Hampshire, is opened in a sma|l piece of
ground, called Lady Mead, (probably a corruption of Law-day
Mead), which belongs to the tithingmah for the year. Thence an
adjournment is made to a aei^lkoitriHg pabfe-hsouse. The pro-
ceedings of tJie court are recordied ©n a piece of wood, called a
Tally, about three feet long; and an inch and a half square, furnished
every year by the steward. These tallies do not seem to be well
cialcuk'ted to preserve the records m^crife'ed upon them, as one

which

«40

which I have seen for the year 1745, was worm-eaten, and part
of the writing had become illegible. Some years ago, when their
number had accumulated, many of them were burnt, being consi-
dered as useless lumber. In a law-suit at Winchester, one of these
singular records was produced in evidence, which occasioned a
counsellor on the opposite side of the question to denominate it a
wooden cause. The lord of the manor is chosen annually ; to whom
belong stray cattle, &c. and who has a right to hunt and hawk as
far as Windsor.

The custom of commencing the court in the open air, may not be
peculiar to this manor, as similar ones are mentioned in Doctor
Plott's Natural History of Oxfordshire, and in Hutchinson's Cum-
berland. Whether the wooden records may be altogether singular,
I know not The custom, however, appears to be a remnant of re-
mote antiquity- The Tally-writer (teller) of the Exchequer, is still
an office. Shakspeare makes Jack Cade say, in accusation of
Lord Sands, (Hen. VT. part ii.) " whereas, before our forefathers
" ha4 no other books but the score and the tally, thou hast caused
" printing to be used, and, contrary to the king, his crown and
" dignity, thou hast built a paper-mill," Solon's laws, which were
to continue in force for a hundred years, were written upon wooden
tables, which might be turned round in the oblong cases which
contained them. They were called cyrbes, as Aristotle tells us ;
and Cratinus, the comic poet, thus spoke of them ;

" By the great names of Solon a,nd of Draco,
" Whose cyrbes now but serve to boil our pulse."

Mavor's Plutarch, Life of Solon, p. 58,

The Scytale Laconic^ was a little round staff, on which the La-
cedemonians

641

cedemonians used to write their secret letters. In the Apocrypha,
2 Esdras xiv. 24, 37, 44, we read of books made of box trees,
written in the field, and Horace has " leges incidere ligno/'

SECT. II.

Ancient Modes of Trial, and Punishment of Offenders.

SUFFLETE, now SOUTH-FLEET, COUNTY OF KENT.

Two women came into the town of Suffliete, in the county of
Kent, who had stolen many cloths in the town of Croindone, and
the men of the same town of Oroindone, whose cloths were feloni-
ously carried away,, followed th^m to the town of Suffliete, ancL
there they were taken and imprisoned, and had their judgment in
the court of Suffliete to carry hot-iron HJH ; one of them was ac-
quitted, and the other condemned, whereupon she was drowned in
Bikepole. All this happened in the time of Gilbert, lord bishop
of Rochester, and in that judgment were present the coroners of
our lord the King. Paul de Stanes was then Cacherell [i] of the
hundred of Acstane. And at that time Robert de Hecham, a monk,
was keeper of the manor of Suffliete. And in judging the women
there was Sir Henry de Cobham, and many othier eminent men of
the country *.

Kir This

^, . ■ II I ■ I ■ ^ — ^-rf ^s—

* Duae miilieres veiterunt in villam de Suf- villam de Suffliete, et ibi captae fuerunt et in-
fljete in comitatu Kantiae, quae furatae fuerunt carceratae, et habuerunt judicium suum in
rnultos pannos in villa de Croindone, et secuti curia de Suffliete, ad portandum calidum fer-
sunt eas homines ejusdem villae de Croindone, rum, quarum una fuit salva, et altera damnata,
quorum pannos furtive asportaverunt usque in unde submersa fuit in Sikepole. Et hoc

4 N totum

642

lltll This judgment to carr^ hot-iron, to try the guilt or innocency of
the criminal, was according to the Ordalian law, not abolished
here in England till King Henry the Third's time. Blount*

[|:] Cacherellus hundredi. Is thought by the learned Spelraan,
to signify the steward of the hundred, from the French Cache-
reau, i. e. Chartularium. Blount.

OBSERVATIONS upon this RECORD,

BY DR. HARRIS -f-.

In this r€niarkaMe account there are several things well worth
observing;; :

1. That the women w^ere tried, and one of them executed, where
they were taken, and not in the county where the fact was com-
mitted ; if Croindene be CiMjyd^n, in Surrey^ as is very pro-
bable,

2. That this court of Sou&fleet, though but belonging to the manor
of thait name, had a power of trying and executing felons, which
was not unusual in ancient times,

3. That the trial and judgment of these women was very solemn,
and before a great many eminent and sober persons..

totum contigit tempore Gilbert! domiui epis- 'Cobham, et alii plures discreti homines de

copi RofFensis, et in quolibet judicio fuerunt patria. JE Monumentis RofFensis Ecclesia

coronarii domini Regis. Et Paulus de Stanes sub anno 1200. Blount, l6l.

fuit tunc Cacherellus de hundredo de Acstan. * Rot. Pat. 3 Hen. III. M. 5. Blount's

Et per illud tempus Robertas de Hecham mo- Law Diet. tit. Ordel.

nachus fuit custos manerii de SufBiete, et ad -f Hist, of Kent, p, 288.

mulieres judicaudas fuit dominus Henricus de

4. That

643

4. That she who was. found guilty was not hanged, but drowned ;
\Yhich was away of execution (I beheve) peculiar to that sex;
and I take it, that she-thieves were usually drowned ; which,
perhaps, they judged to be a modester way of putting women
to death.

5. Though the goods were taken upon them, as it appears by this
account, yet they were both put to the ordeal trial of carrying a
hot piece of iron in their hands, to a certain distance ; and she
that was burnt by it,, was adjudged guilty, and drowned ; and
the other,, who we must suppose was not burnt by the iron, was
acquitted >

N. B. Gilbert de GlauTille was bishop of Rochester from 1185 to

1214, which confirms the date of the extract,, viz. 1200.- P^

HALIFAX, COUNTY OF YORK.

The inhabitants, within the forest of Hardwick, claimed a custom
for time immemorial, that if a felon be taken within their liberty,
with goods stolen out, or within the liberty or precincts of the said
forest, either hand-habend, back-berand, or confessand any com-
modity of the value of thirteen-pence halfpenny^ he should, after
three markets, or meeting-days, within the town of Halifax, next
after such his apprehension, and being condemned, be taken to
the gibbet, and there have his head cut off from his body.

But the felon was not to die, merely because som«, or all of these
circumstances were against him, without farther examination into
the matter, for it was to be solemnly *'and deUberately examined by
the frith-burghersj within the said liberty; which liberty included

4 N 2 the

644

the townships and hamlets of Halifax, Ovenden, Illingworth, Mix-
enden, Bradshaw, Skircoat, Warley, Sowerby, Ri«hworth, Lud-
denden, Midgley, Eringden, Heptonstall, Rottenstall, Stansfield,
Cross-stone, Langfield, and perhaps Wadsworth, because this, as
well as all the above, was the estate of the Earls of Warren, and
one of the berewies belonging to the manor of Wakefield, to which
manor, with its appendages, this power was originally given.

Out of the most wealthy and best reputed men for honesty and
understanding in the above liberty, a certain number were chosen
for the trial of such offenders ; for when a felon was apprehended,
he was forthwith brought to the lord's bailiff in Halifax, who, by
virtue of the authority granted him from the lord of the manor
of Wakefield, (under the particular seal belonging to that manor)
kept a common gaol in the said town, had the custody of the axe,
and was the executioner. On receipt of the prisoner, the said
bailiff immediately issued out his summons to the constables of
four several towns, within the above precincts, to require four
frith-burghers within each town, to appear before him on a certain
day, to examine into the truth of the charge laid against him ; at
which time of appearance, the accuser and the accused were brought
before them face to face^ and the thing stolen produced to view ;
and they acquitted or condemned, according to the evidence, with-
out any oath being administered. If the jparty accused was ac-
quitted, he was directly set at liberty, on paying his fees ; if con-
demned, he was either immediately executed, if it was the prin-
cipal market-day, or kept till then, if it was not^ in order to strike
the o-reater terror into the neig-hbourhood ; and in the mean time
set in the stocks, on the lesser meeting-days, with the stolen goods

5645

6nliis backjj if portable, if not, before his face. And so strict was
tbis customary law, that whoever, within this liberty, had any goods
stolen, and not only discovered the felon, but secured the goods,
he must not, by any under-hand or private contract, receive the
same back, without prosecuting the felon, but was bound to bring
him, with what 'he had taken, to the chief bailiff at Halifax, and
there, before he could have his goods again, prosecute the stealer,
according to ancient custom ; otherwise he both forfeited his goods
to the lord, and was liable to be accused of theft-bote, for his pri-
vate connivance and agreement with the felon. After every execu-
tion also, it seems that the coroners for the county, or some of them,
were obliged to repair to the town of Halifax, and there summon a
jury of twelve men before them, and sometimes the same persons
who condemned the felon, and administer an oath to them, to give
in a true and perfect verdict relating to the matter of fact, for
which the said felon was executed, to the intent that-a record might
be made thereof in the Crown-offiee.

The proceedings at the trials of the last malefactors, viz. Abra-
ham Wilkinson and Andrew Mitchel, who suffered at Halifax gib-
bet, on the 30th of April, 1650, are preserved in an account of
Hahfax, pnbhshed by WiUiam Bentley, London, 1708, and in the
Reverend Mr. Watson's History of Halifax, p. 214, &c. from which
this account is taken.

The gibbet stood a little way out of the town, towards the west-
end, in a place still distinguished by the name of the Gibbet-lane.
Here to this day is to be seen a square platform of earth, con-
siderably raised from tbe level of the ground, walled about, and
ascended fey a flight of stone steps ; on this were placed two upright

pieces

646

pieces of timber, five yards in height, joined at the top by a
transverse beam ; within these was a square block of wood,, of the
length of four feet and an half, which rose up and down between
the said uprights, by means of grooves cut for that purpose ; to the
lower end of this sliding blocks an iron axe was^ fastened, which is^
yet to be seen at the gaol in Halifax ; its weight is seven pounds
tweke ounces, its length full ten inches and an half, it is seven
inches over at the top, and very near nine at the bottom, its middle
is about seven inches and an half, and towards the top are two holes
made to fasten it to the block above-mentioned. The axe thus fixed
was drawn up to the top by means of a cord and pulley,, and at
the end of the cord was a pin, which, being Gxed either to the
side of the scaffold, or some other part below, kept it s-uspended,
till either by pulling out the pin, or cutting the cord, it was suffered
to fall, and the criminal's head was instantly separated from his
body. Some authors say, that every man present took hold of the
rope, or put forth his arm as near to it as he could, in token that
he was willing to see true justice executed, and that the pin was
pulled out in this manner ; but if the offender was apprehended for
stealing an ox, sheep, horse, &c. the end of the rope was. fastened
to the beast, which, being driven, pulled out the pin.

The bailiff, jurors, and the minister, chosen by the prisoner^
were always on the scaffold with him, and the fourth psalm was
played round the scaffold on the bagpipes; after which the mini-
ster prayed with him a while till he underwent the fatal stroke.

It appears by the register-books at Halifax, that from the year
1541, when entries of such transactions were first begun to be

made.

64t

made, to the year 1650, wlien this custom of beheading criminals at
Hahfax ceased, there were executed in all forty-nine persons *.

This was the ancient privilege of infang-theof ^, and utfang-
theof .|;§|:, often mentioned in ancient charters, and was continued
to be exercised at Halifax later than at any other place in England.

f[ Infang-theof, was a privilege or liberty granted to lords of cer-
tain manors to judge any thief taken within th^ir fee. Les Termes
de la Ley.

J^J Utfang-theof, was the privilege that thieves, or felons, belong-
ing to a manor, but taken out of it, should be brought back to
ithe lord^s court and there judged. Ibid.

LIDFORD, COUNTY OF DEVON.

Lidford law has grown to a kind of a proverb, to hang men first,
and indict them afterwards ; so called from a town of that name
in Devonshire, where a court is held, which was heretofore of great
extent, the course whereof is very summary -f.

The proverb alluded to above, is this :

" First hang and draw,

" Then hear the cause by Lidford Law ij:.^'

"This was a most extraordinary custom, if it was ever used, which
Mr. Ray seems to dispute, and calls it a libellous proverb ; and yet
I find, that

" The custome of some country is such, that if one hath com-
mitted burglary, or other felony, and he be pursued by huy and

* Watson's History of Halifax, p. 214, et f Blount's Law Diet. tit. Lidford Law.

seq. X Ray's Proverbs, 225.

crie

648

crie from towne to towne, and so taken flying, he must be be-
headed in the presence of the inhabitants of foure townes,. and
so by the usage of that countrie he is accounted a felon. And this
must be recorded in the coronei^'s roll, and, after, the coroner must
present it before the justices, and they will adjudge him a felon :
and so he must be first put to death, and after judged a felon */^

I make no doubt but this might be the custom at Lidford, and
give rise to the proverb, and that Mr. Pulton alluded to this law,
though he mentions neither town nor county where it was prac-
tised.

A writer in the European Magazine for March, 1789, gives the
following illustration of the subject :

" As Mr, Grose, in his Local Proverbs, and Mr. Beckwith in his
edition of Blount's Fragraenta Antiquitatis, have given an improper
explanation of

" First hang and draw,.

" Then hear the cause by Lidford Law,"^

I beg leave, through the channel of your entertaining magazine,
to set them right; which, possibly, may aflbrd a few minutes amuse-
ment to-some of your numerous readers^

Lidford, a place about seven miles from Oakhampton, in the
road to Tavistock, was formerly of some note, though now an
obscure village. It is famous for its castle, under which there is a
most horrid, and, I may add, infernal dungeon. This dungeon was
the prison for criminals proceeded against in the stannary courts

* Pulton de pace Regis et Regni, 243.

©f

649

of Tavistock, Ashburton, Chagford, and Plympton ; it being ex-
pressly ordained by the charter or grant made by -Edward I.
that the warden of the stannaries, in the county of Devon, should
have full power to justify the tinners, &c. ; and if any of the said
tinners should in any thing offend, whereby they ought to be impri-
soned, they should be arrested by the warden; and in the King's
prison at Lidford, and not elsewhere, be kept and detained until
they were delivered according to the law and custom of the realm.
This charter was confirmed by parliament in the 50th Edward III.
on the petition of the commonalty to prevent several abuses com-
plained of by the petitioners, and amongst the rest, that there was
not a delivery of the said gaol above once in ten years. Offenders
-being detained in this dismal hole, which is very small and totally
dark, and frequently for trifling offences, has given rise to the
proverb abovie-mentioned ; clearly intimating that it is much better
to be brought immediately to trial, and to suffer a more severe
punishment than the crime deserves, if it be almost death itself,
than to be confined in this terrible unwholesome prison.

In support of what I have said, I shall quote some verses from a
poem which was written by Mr. Brown *> and inserted in Mr.
Grose^'s Local Proverbs :

« I oft have heard of Lidford Law,

« How in the morn they hang and draw,

" And sit in judgment after;
" At first I wondered at it much,
" But since I find the reason's such,

" That it deserves no laughter.

* Author of Bxitannia's Pastorals. See his Works.

4 0 « They

650

" They have a castle on a hill,
*' I took it for an old windmill,

" The vanes blown off by weather
« To lie therein one night, 'tis guest
" Twere better to be ston'd and prest,

" Or hang'd, now choose you whether.

" Ten men less room within this cave,
" Than five mice in a lanthorn have ;
" The keepers they are sly ones ;
" If any could devise by art,
" To get it up into a cart,
'Twere fit to carry lions.

" When I beheld it, Lord, thought I,
" What justice and what clemency

" Hath Lidford ! when I saw all :
" I know none gladly there would stay,
" But rather hang out of the way,

" Than tarry for a trial.

«' One lies here for a seam of malt,
" Another for a peck of salt,
" Two sureties for a noble."

By this you will perceive, that the proverb is applicable to those
unfortunate wretches who are thrown into prison for petty offences,
and, by the confinement, suffer a much greater punishment than
their crime deserves."

Lidford

65^1

Lidford Law, the Editor of the work adds, is mentioned in a
pamphlet of the last century, entitled, " A brief Relation of the
J)eath and Sufferings of Archbishop Laud." Oxford, 4to. in these
terms ; Lidford Law, by which they used to hang men first, and
indict them afterwards.

CHIRK CASTLE, COUNTY OF DENBIGH.

In this county was a barbarous privilege, retained longer than
in any other part of Britain, which was that of exempting from
capital punishment even the most atrocious assassin by payment of
a certain fine. This was practised by the lords marchers of these
parts in the fifteenth century, and continued in Mawddy, in Merion-
ethshire, till it was abolished in the 27th of Henry VIII.*

This custom was derived from the ancient Germans, who accepted
a fine of cattle as a compensation for murder, which satisfied the
relations, and was not detrimental to the public, which could not
fail of being injured by the extension of private revenge -fv

The Saxons continued this custom under the name of Were-geld,
and accordingly set a price on every rank, from the king to the
peasant :^. The head of the king was valued at 30,000 thrymses, or
£4500, half to be paid to his relations, and half to the kingdom for
the loss it had sustained; that of a countryman was estimated at
^66 thrymses, or i:39. 18 s.^

The were-geld of a Welchman was very low, for, unless he had
property enough to be taxed for the king's use, his life was not

* Gwyder family, 107- ^ A thrymsa then was equal to 3s. See

•f Tacitus de mor. Germ. c. 2. Selden's Tit. of Honour, p. 604.

J Wilkins's iegis Sax. p. 71.

4 o 2^ reckoned

652

reckoned of higher price than 70 thrymses, or 10 guineas. The
money or fine was distributed, as in the times of the ancient Ger-
mans, among the relations of the deceased, and oftentimes a part
went to the lord of th« soil, as a compensation for his loss.

The Welch had, in like manner, their galanas and gwerth, of
the same nature with the former ; but their fine was usually paid in
cattle, the wealth of the country.

But the gwerth was not only a compensation for murder or homi-
cide, J)ut for all species of injuries.

Welch, Saxons, and Normans, had each tiieir pecuniary atone-
ments for lesser injuries. A Welchraan, for the loss of his finger,
received one cow and twenty pence ; of liis nose, six oxen and a
hundred and twenty pence; and for being pulled by the hair, a
penny for every finger, and two-pence for the thumb, the instru-
ments of the insult *. The Saxons had similar fines f ; and the
Normans, like persons of nice honour, provided a penalty of five
sous for a lug by the nose, and ten pour un coup au derrieare, or a
kick on the breech J.

The Scotch had also similar compensations for homicides and
injuries, which in their old laws passed under the name of Cro,
Gaines, and Kelchyn§; and lastly, the Irish had their Eric, or
Satisfaction for Blood ||. In fact it prevailed ov«r all parts of Eu-
rope, with variations conformable to the several complexions of the
country.

* Leg. Wall. p. 278. § Regiam Majestatem, p. 74.

t Wjlkins's Leg. Sax. p. 44. H Davies's Hist, of Ireland^ p. 109-

J MS. notes to Mr. Pennant's Copy of ks
Coustomes de Normandic.

About

653

ATiout the latter end of the fifteenth century, this privilege was
'allowed at Cherk Castl«. Pennant's Tour in Wales, 1773, p. 273.
275.

ISLE OF HARTY, COUNIT OF KENT

The manor of the mote, in this isle, affords, in the account of
its descent, one of tlie last instances in which trial -by battle was
demanded and awarded, on a claim of right. This occurred in
the reign of Elizabeth^ in whose third year John Chevin, while a
minor, scftd this estate to Mr. Thomas Paramour ; but, on his arrival
at full age, again passed it away to John Kyne and Simon Lowe,
who, having brought a writ; of right to recover, trial by battle was
demanded by Paramour, and it was determined that it should be
fought before the judges of the court of. Common Pleas, in Tothill-
iields, Westminster. At the appointed time, the champions of the
parties met in the field, properly accoutred, and, after much
formal ceremony, and in the presence -of several thousand people^
proclamation was made for the appearance of the claimants, Kyne
and Lowe, who not answering, a nonsuit was prayed, and allowed,
with costs of suit on the part of Paramour. That battle was not
joined, was owing to the interposition of the Queen ; yet all the
requisite forms were gone through,, that the defendant's right might
he ascertained *.

DESCRIPTION OP the TRIAL by COMBAT,

AS IN QUEEN ELIZABETH^S REIGN.

*' The 18th of June, in Trinity tearme, there was a combate ap-
pointed to Tiave heen foughte for a cerlaine manour and demaine

* Brayley's Beauties di England and Wales, vol. viii. p. 717.

lands

654

lands belonging thereunto, in the Isle of Harty^ adjoining to the-
Isle of Sheppey in Kent : Simon Low and , John Kyme were
plaintifes, and had brought a writ of right against T. Paramore^
who offered to defend his right by battell ; whereiaito the plaintifes
aforesaid accepted to answere his ehalenge, offering likewise to-
defend their right to the same manour and lands, and to prove-
by battell that Paramore had no right, nor no good title, to have
the same.

" Hereupon the said Tho. Paramore brought, before the judges
of the common place at Westminster, one George Thorne, a bigge,
broad, strong set fellowe : and the plaintifes brought Henry Nailor^
master of defence and seruant to the Right Honourable the Earle
of Leicester, a proper slender man, and not so tall as the other:
Thorne cast down a gauntlet, which Nailor took up.. Upon the
Sonday before the battell should be tried on the next morrow,, the
matter was stayed, and the parties agreed, that Paramore, being in
possession, should have the land, and was bound in ^500 to con-
sider the plaintifs, as upon hearing the matter the judges should
award. The Q. Maiesty was the taker up of the matter, in this
wise. It was thought good, that for Paramore's assurance,, the
order should be kept touching the combat, and that the plaintiffs^
Low and Kyme, should make default of appearance^ but that yet
such as were sureties of Nailor, their champion's appearance,
should bring him in, and likewise those that were sureties for
Thorne, should bring in the same Thorne in discharge of their
bond ; and that the court should sit in Tothill-fields^ where was
prepared one plot of ground, one and twenty yards square, double-
railed for the combate, without the West-square, a stage being set
up for the judges, representing the court of the Common Pleas.

All

e5S

JlW the compasse tvithoiat the hsts was set with seaffolds, one abave
another, for people to stand and behold. There were behinde the
Square where the judges sate, two tents, the one for Nailor, the
other for Thorne. Thorne was there in the morning timely. Nailor,
about seuen of the elocke, came through London apparelled in a
droublet and galey-gaseoigne breeches, all of crimsin sattin, cut and
raced, a hat of black velvet, with a red feather and band, before
him drums and fifes playing : the gauntlet that was cast downe by
George Thorne, was borne bef#r« the said Nailor upon a sword's
point, and his baston, (a staflfe of an ell long, made taper-wise, tipt
with home,) with his shield of hard leather, was borne after him by
Askam, a yeoman of the Queene's gard : he came into the pallace
at Westminster, and staying, not long, before the hall-doore,
<jame haeke into the King's-streete, and so a-long through the
•Sanctuary and Tuthill-streete into the field, where he stayed till
past nine of the elocke, and then Sir Jerome Bowes brought him
to his tent ; Thorne bein^ in the tent with Sir Henry Cheiney long
before. About ten of the elocke, the court of Common Pleas re-
moved, and came to the place prepared ; where the Lord Chief
JTustice, with two other his associates, were set; then Low was
called solemnely to come in, or else hee to lose his writ of right.
Then, after a certaine time, the sureties of Henry Nailor were
called to bring in the said Nailor, champion for Simon Low ; and
«hortly thereupon Sir Jerome Bowes, leading Nailor by the hand,
cntreth with him the lists, bringing him downe that s(|uare by
which hee enticed, being on the left hand of the judges, and so
about till he came to the next square, just against the judges ; and
there making curtesie, first with one leg, an^l then with the other,
pasised forth till he came to the middle of the place^ and then made

the

the like obeysance; and so passing till they came to the barre, there
he made the like curtesie, and his shield was held up about over
his head ; Nailor put off his neather stockes, and so, bare-feete and
bare-legged, save his stauilonians, to the ancles, and his doublet
sleeves tyed up above the elbow, and bare-headed, came in as is-
aforesaid. Then were the sureties of George Thorn6 called to
bring the same Thome; and imniediately Sir Henry Cheiney entring
at the upper end, on the right hand of the judges, used the like
order in commino; about by his side as Nailor had before on that
other side, and so comming to the barre with like obeysance, held
up his shield. Proclamation was made in forme as foUoweth : ' The
jus-tices conmiand, in the Queene's Maiesties name, that no person,
of what estate, degree, or condition that he be, being present, ta
be so hardy to give any token or signe, by countenance, speech,
or language, either to the prouer or to the defender, whereby the
one of them may take advantage of the other ; and no person re-
moove, but still keep his pla«e : and that every person and persons
keep their staves and their weapons to- thfimsfilvps r and suffer
neither the said proover nor defender to take any of their weapons,
or any other thing that may stand either to the said proover or-
defender any avails, upon paine of forfeiture of lands, tenements,
goods, chattels, and imprisonment of their bodies, and making fine
and ransome at the Queene's pleasure.r

" Then was the proover to be sworne in forme as foll'oweth : * This
heare, you justices, that I have this day neither eate, drunke, nor
have upon me either bone, stone, nor glasse, or any inchantment,
sorcerie, or witchcraft, wherethrough the power of the word of
God might be inleased or diminished, and the devil's power en-
creased :

657

creased : and tliat my appeale is true, so helpe me God and his
saints, and by this booke/ "

After this solemne order was finished y the Lord Chiefe Justice,
rehearsing the manner of bringing the writ of right by Simon Low,
of the answere made thereunto by Paramore, of the . proceeding
therein, and how Paramour had chalenged to defend his right to
the land by battel!, by his champion George Thome, and of the
accepting the triall that was by Lowe, and his champion Henry
Nailor, and then for default in appearance i« Lowe, he adiudged
the land \o Paramore, and dismissed the champions, acquitting the
sureties of their lands. He also wilted Henry Nailor to render
againe to George Thorne his gauntlet, whereunto the said Nailor
answered, "that his lordship might command him any thing, but
willingly he would not render the said gauntlet to Thorne, except
he would win it:" and further^he chalenged the said Thorne to play
with him halfe a score blowes, to shew some pastime to the Lord
Chief Justice, and the other there assembled: but Thorne answered,
" that bee came to fight, and would not play." Then the Lord Chief
Justice, commending Nailor for his valiant courage,, commanded
them both quietly to depart the field, &c^^

This trial by champion in a writ of right, hath been anciently
allowed by the conimon law, and the tenant in a writ of right hath
election either to put himself upon the grand assize, or upon the
trial by combat, by his champion, with the champion of the de-
mandant, which was instituted upon this reason, that in respect
the tenant had lost his evidences, or that the same were burnt

* Antic^uaiian Repertory, vd. i. p. 181.

4 P or

658

or embezzled, or that his witnesses were dead, the larw permitted
him to try it by combat, between his champion and the champion
of the demandant, hoping that God would give victory to him that
right had, and of whose party the victory fell out for him, was judg-
ment finally given, for seldom death ensued hereupon^ (for their
weapons were but batouns) victory only sufficed.

Now, concerning the oath of the champions, and the solemn
manner and order of proceeding therein, and between what parties
trial by battle should be joined, you may read in the stat. of Westm.
1- cap. 41, and at large in our books-

The ancient law was, tliat the victory should be proclaimed, that
he that was vanquished should acknowledge his fault in the audience
of the people, or pronounce the horrible word of Cravent, in the
name of recreantise, &c- and presently judgment was to be given ;
and after this the recreant should amittere liberam legem, that is,
he should become infamous, and should not be accounted in that
respect liber ,et legalis homo, and therefore could not be of any
jury, nor give testimony as a witness in any case, because he is
become infamous and of no credit *,

OX1 HAND, COUNTY OF NORFOLK.

Ao-nes de Ratelsdon, wife of Adam de Ratelsdon^ in the 34th
Hen. III. impleaded Richer de Reymes for a fourth part of a fee
in this town (then wrote Overstrand -j ) and in North Repps; Richer
had released it to Roger de Herleberge for eighty marks of silver;
Roo-er was called to warrant it, and a duel or combat of trial was

* 2 Inst. 247. Blackstone's Comm. lib. iii. f plita 34Hen. JII. Rot, 20, in dorso.
cap. 22.

fought,

659

fought, on this account, between the said Roger and a free man of
Simon, son of Hugh, in the behalf and right of Agnes, and after
that they came to an agreement *.

PEIN FORT ET DURE, PUNISHMENT BY.

This punishment used to be inflicted upon those that, being ar-
raigned of felony, refused to put themselves upon the ordinary trial
of God and the country, and thereby were mute, or such in the in-
terpretation of law. And the manner of doing it was this : he shall
be sent back to the prison whence he came, and laid in some low
dark house, where he shall lie naked on the earth, without any litter,
rushes, or other clothing, and without any raiment about him, but
only something to cover his privy members : and he shall lie upon
his backy with his head covered and his feet, and one arm shall be
drawn to one quarter of the house with a cord, and the other arm
to another quarter ; and in the same manner it is to be done with
his legs, and then there is to be laid upon his body iron and stone,
so much as he may bear,, or more ; and the next day following
he is to have three morsels of barley bread, without drink, and
the second day, drink three times, and as much at each time as
he can drink of the water next to the prison door, except it be
running water, without any bread, and this is to be his diet
until he die. Stamf. PI. Cor. lib. ii. cap. 60. Black, hb. iv. 325.

CUTTING OFF THE FOOT.

In former times, criminals were punished by cutting off the foot,
which was inflicted here instead of death ; as appears by the laws

* Blomefield's Hist of- Norfolk, folio edit. vol. iii. p, 331.

4p2 of

660

of William the Conqueror. " Interdicimus ne quis o'ccidatui* vel
** suspendatur pro aliqua culpa, sed eruantur oculi, abseindantur
*' pedes, vel testiculi, vel manus." Leg. Will. I. cap. 7. Fleta,
lib. i. c. 38. Bract, lib. iii. c. 32.

WHORES, PUNISHMENT OF.

It was a custom in England, " Meretrices et impudicas mulieres
" subnervare," i. e. to eut the sinews pf their legs and thighs, or
ham-string. Jacob's Law Diet tit. Subnervare.

ORDEAL, TRIAL by FIRE and WATER.

The several methods of trial and conviction of offenders, esta-
blished by the laws of England, were formerly more numerous than
at present, through the superstition of our Saxon ancestors ; who,
like other northern nations, were extremely addicted to divination :
a character which Tacitus observes of the ancient Germans*. They
therefore invented a considerable number of methods of purgation
or trial, to preserve innocence from the danger of false witnesses,
and in consequence of a notion that God would always interpose
miraculously to vindicate the guiltless.

The most ancient -f species of trial was that by ordeal ; which
was peculiarly distinguished by the appellation of Judicium Dei ;
(the judgment of God) and sometimes Vulgaris Purgatio, (the
vulgar purgation) to distinguish it from the canonical purgation,
which was by the oath of the party. This was of two sorts J, either
Fire-ordealj or Water-ordeal ; the former being confined to persons
of higher rank, the latter to the common people.

* D* Mor. Germ. p. 10. f Leges Inae. c. 77. t Mirror, c. iii. sect. 23.

Glanville,

1661

'Glanville, who wrote in l!he time of King Henry II. sajs*, "he
who is accused ought to purge himself by the judgment of God, to
wit, by hot iron, or by water, according to the difference of liis
■condition : by hot iron if he be a free man, and by water if a rustic."
Both these might be performed by deputy ; but the principal was to
answer for the success of the trial ; the deputy only venturing some
corporal pain for hire, or perhaps for friendship -f^

Fire-ordeal was performed either by taking up in the hand,
unhurt, a piece of red hot iron, of one, two, or three pounds weight,
or else by walking, barefoot and blindfold, over nine red hot
plough-shares laid lengthwise at unequal distances : and if the party
•escaped being hurt, he was adjudged innocent ; but if it happened
otherwise, as without collusion It usually did, he was then con-
demned as guilty. However, by this latter method Queen Emma,
the mother of Edward the Confessor, is mentioned to have cleared
her character, when suspected of familiarity with Alwyn, bishop of
Winchester $.

Speed, speaking of this event, says, that she used this speech
to her leaders, as not knowing she was past all danger, " O Lordl
" when shall I come to the place of my purgation ]" but having her
eyes uncovered, and seeing herself clearly escaped, fell upon her
knees, and with tears gave thanks to her deliverer, whereby she
recovered both the love and her former estate of the king, with

* Tenetur se purgare is qui accusatur per f This is still expressed in that common

Dei judicium scilicet per callidum ferrum, vel form of speech « of going through fire and

per aquam, pro diversitate conditionis homi- " water to serve another."

num ; per ferrum callidum si fuerit homo % Tho. Rudborne's Hist. Maj. Winton,

liber; per aquam si fuerit rusticus. Glanvil. lib, iv. c. 1. !
lib. xiv. cap. 1.

the

662

the good esteeme and applause of the people : in memory whereof
she gave nine manors, viz. Brandesbyri, Borchefelde, Howthtone,
Fyfide, Mechelmeiche, Yuingeo, Wicombe, Woregrave, and Hay-
hnge *, (according to the number of plough-shares) to the minster
of Winchester, wherein she had that trial, and adorned the same
with many rich ornaments ; as likewise th« king, repenting the
wrong he did her, bestowed on the same place, the island, so then
it was called, Portland in Dorsetshire, being about seven miles
in compass ; for so the chance in those days was set, that whosoever
lost, the monks ever won f-.

Bishop Alvvyn also, who was so accused of familiarity with Queen
Emma, gave to the same church nine manors, viz. Stoneham, the
two Meones, Newton, Witeney, Heling, Melbrok, Polhampton," and
Ilodingtone j.

The former method af trial by fire-ordeal, was practised in
England so late as the time of King: John.

ORDEAL, TRIAL BY BREAD.

COKSNED BREAD (PAMS COXJURATUS) OR ORDEAL, BREAD,

It was a kind of superstitious trial used among the Saxons to
purge themselves of any accusation by taking a piece of barley
bread and eating it, with solemn oaths and execrations that it might
prove poison, or their last morsel, if what they asserted, or denied,
were not punctually true. These pieces of bread were first exe-

* Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. 980. J Mon. Angl. torn. i. p. 980. See a full' ac-

f Speed, in Vita Edw, Confess, p. 419. count of Queen Emma's purgation, in Men.

Angl. torn. i. p. 34, et seq.

crated

66a

fj^ated Ijy the priest, and ^feen offered to the suspected guilty per-
son, to be swallowed by way of purgation ; for they believed a
person, if guilty, could not swallow a morsel so accursed ; or if he
did, it would choak him. The form was thus : " We beseech thee,
O Lord, that he who is guilty of this theft, when the exercised
bread is offered to him, in order to dis^cover iJie truth, that his
jaws may be shut, his throat so narrow that he may not swallow,
and that he may cast it out of his mouth and not eat it." Du Cange.
The old form or exorclsmus panis hordeacei vel casei ad prbba-
tionem veri, is extant in Lindenbrogius, p. 107. And in the laws
of King Canute, cap. 6. " Si quis altari ministrantium accusetur,
" et amicis destitutus sit, cum Sacramentales non habeat, vadat ad
" judicium quod Anglice dicitur Corsned, et fiat sieut; Deus velit,
" nisi super sanctum corpus domini permittatur et se purget."
From which it is conjectured, that Corsned bread wa« originally
the very sacramental bread consecrated anti devoted by the priest,
and received with solemn abjuration and dcTout expectance that it
would prove mortal to those who dared to swallow it with a lie in
their mouth ; till at length the bishops and clergy were afraid to
prostitute the communion bread to sucb rash and conceited uses,
when, to indulge the people in their superstitious fancies and idle
customs, they allowed them to practise the same judicial right in
eatino; some other morsels of bread, blessed or cursed to the like
uses. It is recorded of the perfidious Godwin Earl of Kent, in
the time of King Edward the Confessor, that on his abjuring the
murder of the king's brother, by this way of trial, as a just judg-
ment of his solemn perjury, the bread stuck in his throat and
cboaked him. "Cum Godwinus comes in mensa Regis de nece sui
fratris irapetretur, ille post multa sacramenta, tandem per Bucellam

deglutiendara

064

deglutlendarn abjuravit, et bucella gustata eontinuo suffocatas
interiit." Ingulph. This, with other barbarous ways of purgation,
was, by degrees, abolished ; though we have still some remembrance
of this superstitious custom in our usual phrases of abjuration ;. as,.
" I will take the sacrament upon it ;" " may this bread be my poison;"
or " may this bit be my last," &c. Jacobus Law Diet, tit, Corsned
Bread.

SANDWICH, COUNTY OF KENT,

In the upper story of the guildhall, or court-hall, at this place,,
were kept the cucking-stool and wooden-mortar, formerly used in
this town for the punishment of scolds. Several entries in the
records, quoted by Boys in his Sandwich, mentions this instrument
of punishment : one of them, under the date of 1637, occurs in
these words : " A woman carries the wooden mortar throughout the
" town, hanging on the handle of an old broom, upon her shoulder,
" one going before her tinkUng a smalt bell, for abusing Mi's.
" Mayoress," &c.

The execution of felons, condemned to death within this hundred,
in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and probably much earlier^
was by drowning; and in the year 1315, complaint was made against
the prior of Christ Church, for " that he had directed the course of
" a certain stream, called the Gestlyng, so that felons could not he
" executed for want of water *."

• Braylej's Beauties of JEngland and Wales, vol. v'm, pp. 1008. 9.

SECT,

665

SECT III.

Ancient Forms of' Grants,

CHOLMER AND DANCING, COUNTY OF ESSEX.

ISII A Charter of Edward th« Confessor,
lehe Edward Konyng
Have yeoven of my forest the keping
Of the hundred ^f Chelmer and Daneing JdJ
To Randolph Peperking, and to his kindling;
With harte and hinde, doe and bokke.
Hare and foxe, eatte and brocke.
Wild foule with his flocke,
Partrich, fesaunte hen, and fesannte cock ;
With green and wilde, stob and stokk,
To kepen and to yeomen by all her might.
Both by day and eke by night.
And hounds for to holde.
Good swift and bolde:
Four grehoundes, and six raches.
For hare and fox, and wilde cattes ;
And therefore ich made him my booke,
Wittenes the bishop Wolston,
And booke ylered many on.
And Sweyne «f Essex our brother.
And teken him many other.
And our steward Howelin,
That besought me for him *,

* Inter record, de term. sci. Hilarii, 17 Camd. Brit. tit. Essex. Blount, 103. Wee-
Edw. II. penes Thes. et Camerar, Scaccarii, ver's Fun. Monuments, p, 563;

4 Q jlt-ll A ma-

666

\X\\ A manifest forgery. A. A very old one, if a forgery. Camden
seems to have thouffbt otberw^ise of it. Camd. Brit. tit. Essex.

Dancing. Now called Dengy.

IIOPTON, COUNTY OF SALOP.

To the heyrs male of the Hopton, lawfully begotten.

To me and to myne %, to thee and to thine.

While the water runs, and the sun doth shine ;

For lack of heyrs to the king againe,

1 William, king, the third year of my reign,

Give to the Norman Hunter,

To me that art both Ime and deare.

The hoppe and hoptoune.

And all the bounds up and downe.

Under the earth to hell.

Above the earth to heaven.

From me and from mine.

To thee and to thine.

As good and as faire

As ever they myne were.

To witness that this is sooth,

I bite the white wax with my tooth.

Before Jugg, Marode, and Margery,

And my third son Henry,

For one bow and one broad arrow.

When I come to hunt upon Yarrow *.

*' This grant, made by William the Conqueror to the ancestor of
the ancient family of the Hoptons, I copied out of an old manu-
script, and John Stow has it in his Chronicle ; but in both it wanted

* MS. Rob. Glover, in com. Salop. Blount, 102.

the

66ir

the four first lines, which seem to create that estate tail, by which
Richard Hopton, Esq. a gentleman of low fortune, but happly may
be the right heir of the family, hath of late years, by virtue of this'
charter, made several claims, and commenced divers suits, both
for this manor of Hopton-in-the-Hole, in the county of Salop, and
for divers other the manors and lands of Ralph, late Lord Hopton ;
but hitherto, for aught I hear, without any success*/'

William Rastall, a reverend and learned judge, who was made
one of the justices of the King's Bench, in 1558, in his treatise
intitled, "LesTermes de la Ley," under the word fait, or deed,
says, the like to this was shewed me, by one of my friends, in
a loose paper, but not very anciently written, and therefore he
willed me to esteem of it as I thought good : It was as follows : " I
William, king, give to thee Plowlen Royden, my hop and my hop
lands, with all the bounds up and down, from heaven to earth,
from earth to hell, for thee and thine to dwell, from me and mine,'
to thee and thine, for a bow and a broad arrow, when I come to
hunt upon Yarrow. In witness that this is sooth, 1 bit this wax with
my tooth, in the pi^esenee of Magge, Maud, and Margery, and my
third son Henry -jV

These were certainly both meant for the same grant, though so
very different from e^ch other ; but which of them was a true copy
of the original, or whether either of them were so, is a matter of
great doubt. Both copies are ancient ; Robert Glover, Somerset
Herald, from whose manuscript Mr. Blount's copy was taken, was
cotemporary with Judge Rastal, being made Somerset Herald in
1571, and was a man of infine industry and incredible pains, a
man of an excellent wit and learning :|:.

* MS. Rob. Glover, in com. Salop, Blount, f Les Termes de la Ley, tit Fait. Weever'%

105. Fun. Monum. p. 364.

• - ' * ■ X Weever's Fun. Monum. p. 424. edit. 1 767.

4q2 fTo

66S

f To me and to myne. Qusere, If it ougfet not to be read, " from
me and from myne 1"

To me and to rnyne^ I supposej^ quite right, as by the terms of
the grant the king and his heirs continued their interest in it,
failing the heirs of Hopeton,^ lawfully begotten, who by these-
terms were prevented from assigning it away. W.

SECT. IV.

Reliefs mid Fines on Admission to Lands^. Sfc^

NORTON AND CLUN, COUNTY OF SALOP.

William Fitz Allen gives two Catzuros 'l[\% to the king, to have
^wo fairs, one at Norton, to continue for four days, and the other
at Clunne, to continue for three days,^ according to the tenor of the
charter of the lord the king, which he had*.

t^WX I suppose this Catzuros is the same^ which is elsewhere written
Chacuros, and may signify coursers,, tilting horses,, or horses
for the career, from the French coursier ; but see in Grosmunt,
below. Blount.
Catzuros and Chacuros are probably the same,, but I rather think
that it applies to a species of dog than a horse, probably the same
with the stag-hound. The name may be derived from chace, or
chack-uros, to hunt or bite, or catz-uros, to catch wild cattle, for
urus is the species of a large ferocious white cattle^ anciently na-
tive in Britain, a few of which are still preserved in the Marquis

of Exeter'^s park, at The horns and heads are often

found in Scotland, when digging for peat. W.

* Wlllielmus filius Akni dat duos bonos apud Clunne, per tres dies dUratura, secundum
Catzuros pro habendis duobus feriis, una apud tenorem charta3 domini Regis, quam indehabet.
Norton, per quatuor dies duratuia, et alia Rot. Fin. 6 Joh. M. 13. Blount, 68.

GROS-

669

GROSMUNT, &e. COUNTY OF MONMOUTH.

William de Braosa gave to the king eighty marks, three great
horses ^, five coursers §:[.§, twenty-four hounds ||§1|, and ten grey-
hounds, to have seisin of his castles of Grosmunt, Skenefrith, and
Lantley, in the county of Monmouth *.

% Dextrarii, are horses for the great saddle, from the French
Destrier, denoting as much.- Blount. Destre, a large horse, a
horse of service for the great saddle in war. Kelham's Norm.
Fr. Dictionary..

^X^ Chacuros, must either signify hounds or dogs for the chace,
- froin the French chaseur, a huntsman ; or coursers, horses for
speed or career, from the French coursier ; but the first seems
most probable. The word in the record above, tit. Norton and
Clun, is written Catzuros, and I suppose intended for the same
thing. And it adds to the probability of this exposition, in that
King John was a great lover of horses, hawks, and hounds,
taking a great part of his fines in those animals of recreation, as
appears by the fine rolls of his time. Blount,

j|§|| Sensas. What sensas may signify, let the more learned deter-
mine. Blount. Probably hounds that scent, and distinguished
from greyhounds^ who> it is said, have not noses. A. The word
is mis-read for Seusas,^^ which means hounds. Spelm.. Gloss, p.
114. P.

Sensas. Probably means the bfood-hound, being more remarkable
for its scent than any other species, and might be used along with
the stag-hound in hunting the urus. W.

* Willielmus de Braosa dedit Eegi cictiil- Cfrosmunt, Skenefrith, et Llantely, in com.

geiitas marcas, tres dejcfrarios, quirique cha- Honmouth. Rot. Firi. 7 Joh. M. 7. Blount,

euros, viginti quatuor sensas, et decern lepcJ- 134k
rarios, pro habenda seisina Castrorum de

WALLING.

670

WALLINGFORD, COUNTY OF BERKS.

On the death of a thane, or king's knight, there were sent to
the king for a rehef, all his arms, and one horse with a saddle,
and another without a saddle ; and if he had any dogs, or hawks,
they were to be presented to the king, that he might take them if
he would *.

SAVERNAKE, COUNTY OF WILTS.

John Mautravers, keeper of the king's forests south of Trent,
claims to have from every forester, as well within the forest of Sa-»
vernake, as elsewhere jn the county of Wilts, when he should die,
his horse, saddle with bridle, horn and sword, and his bow and
barbed arrows -f-,

LLANTRISSIN, COUNTY OF GLAMORGAN.

Ralph ap Howel ap Philip, bailiff <[f of Llantrissin, in the county
of Glamorgan, was amerced, because he had in his hand, before
the justices in eyre, at Cardiff, a black and dirty rod, whereas he
ought to have had a white and handsome rod of a certain length,
as it became him %.

f Prsepositus. See p. 469.

* Tainus vel miles Regis dominiciis moriens, sellam, cum fraeno, cornu, et gladium ejusdem,

pro relevamento dimittebat Regi omnia arma et arcum et sagittas barbatas. Inqiiis. temp,

sua et equum unum cum sella etalium sine Edw. I. Blount, 133.

sella ; quod si essent ei canes vel accipilres j Raaf ap Howel ap Philip, praeposifus de

praesentabuntur Regi, ut, si vellet, accipiet. IJantrissin, in com. Glamorgan, amerciatus

Domesday, tit. Berocscire. Blount, IO9. fuit, pro eo quod habuit in manu sua, coram

t Johannes Mautravers, custos forestarum justiciariis hie, virgam nigram et inhonestam.

Regis citra trentam, clamat habere de quolibet ubi habere debuisset virgam albam et honestam

forestario tam infra forestam de Savernake de certa longitudine, prout decet. In Sessione

quam alibi hi com. Wiltes, cum obierit, equum, Itin. de Kerdiflf. 7 Hen. VI. Blount, 147.

APPENDIX.

An historical Account of the Coronation of King James II. and
Queen Mary, as King and Queen of England,

ON THE 23d of APRIL, 1685.

(See before, p. 70..)

JYING CHARLES 11. died on the 6th of February, 1684, and his brother James, then
Duke of York, succeeding him, appointed a Committee of the Lords of his Privy Council,
to consider of the manner of his Coronation, at which he assisted in person.

This Committee met for the first time, in the Council-chamber of Whitehall, on the l6th
of February, 1684, the tenth day from the death of the King, when the proceedings at the
Coronation of James L and Charles IL were read.

At their next meeting, the IQth of February, an abstract of the claims, which Were made at
the Coronation of King Charles II. was delivered to them, and a Commission of Claims
granted.

On the 23d of February, the Master of the Jewel-house gave a list of the regalia in his
custody, and an account of what he provided at the last Coronation ; and the King declaring he
intended the Queen should be crowned with him, the proper officer produced a ceremonial oif
the Coronation of his Majesty's grandmother. Queen Anne.

His Majesty's pleasure was declared that there should be a dinner in Westminster-hall, upon
which the Officers of the Board of Green Cloth prepared an account of the dinner that was
given at the Coronation of King Charles II. with the expence.

Sir Christopher Wren, Surveyor-General of the Works, was also directed to prepare an esti-
mate of the charge of the scaffolding, both in the Abbey and in Westminster-hall.

On the 28th of February, it was resolved, that none of the Peers or Peeresses trains should
be carried upon the day of the Coronation.

At several subsequent meetings all the requisites were settled, and ordered to be got ready.
It was also ordered, that no Peer or Peeress should set any jewels in their coronets, and that
the procession should march four a-breast ; that 200 medals of gold, and 800 of silver, shpuM
he made for the King ; and 100 of goW> and 400 of silver, for the Queen.

A few

« APPENDIX.

A few days before the Coronation, the following particulars were delivered to the bishop of
Rochester, by the Master of the Jewels and the Commissioners of the Great Wardrobe :

For the King.

1 . The colobium sindonis, a kind of surplice, without sleeves, of fine linen or sarsenet.

2. The super tunica, a close coat, of cloth of gold, reaching to the heels, lined M'ith crimsoa
taffata, and girt with a broad girdle, of cloth of gold, to be put over the colobium.

3. The armilla, in fashion of a stole, of cloth of gold, to be put about the King's neck, and
fastened above and beneath the elbows with silk ribbons.

4. A pall, of cloth of gold, in fashion of a cope.

5. A pair of buskins, of cloth of gold.

6. A pair of sandals, of cloth of gold.

7. A shirt of fine linen, to be opened in the places for anointing.

8. Another shirt of red sarsenet to put over it.

9. A surlout of crimson satin, made with a collar for a band, both opened for anointing, and
closed with ribbons.

10. A pair of under-trouses, and breeches to go over them, with stockings fastened to the
trouses, all of crimson silk.

H. A pair of linen gloves.

12. A linen coif.

13. Three swords ; the Curtana, or pointless sword, called also the Sword of Mercy; the
Sword of Justice to the Spirituality, .and the Sword of Justice to the TemporaUty.

14. Also a sword of state, with a scabbard richly embroidered.

15. 16. Two imperial crowns, set with jewels; one to crown the King, -the other to be worn
after his Coronation.

17. An orb of gold, with a cross.

18. A sceptre, with a cross, called St. Edward's Sceptre. ,

19. A sceptre, with a dove.

20. A staff of gold, with a cross at the .top, and a pike at the foot, <;alled St. Edward's
Stafi".

21. A ring, with a ruby.

22. A pair of gold spurs.

23 An ampul, or vessel of gold, to hold the afiointing oil, in tbe shape of an eagle, and a
spoon.

24. And two ingots of gold, one weighing a pound, and the other a mark, for the King's
two oSermgs.

25. 26. The parliament Tobes, iviz. a surcoat of crimson velvet; a large mantle erf crimson
velvet, with a hood, furred with ermiiie, and bordered with gold lace.

27. A cap of state, turned up with ermine.

Also the robes of state, of purple velvet, of the same fashion as the former; and two caps
of purple velvet, turned up widi ermine, for the two crowns.

Delivered

APPENDIX. in

Delivered to the proper Officers for the Queen.

1. A surcoat or kirtle of purple velvetj the sleeves turned up and powdered with ermine.

2. A robe or mantle of purple velvet, with a long train, the cape and lining powdered with
ermine, to be worn over the surcoat.

3. A circle or coronet of gold, to be worn before anointing.

4. A crown, with which she was to be crowned.

5. A smaller crown, to wear afterwards.
€. A sceptre of gold, with a cross.

7. An ivory rod, with a dove.

8. A ring.

The following Particulars were also provided for equipping the Champion :

A suit of armour, from the King's armoury, -complete.

A pair of gauntlets.

A sword and hanger.

A case of pistcds.

An oval target, with the champion's own arms painted thereOH.

A lance, gilt all Over, fringed above and below the handle, for his esquires.

One rich great horse-saddle, or field-saddle, with head-stall, reins, breast'-plate, and crupper,
with daggs and trappings, richly trimmed with gold and silver lace, fringed ; and great and small
•tassels, with a pair of very large Spanish stirrups and stirrup-leathers, lined with velvet and gold
and silver lace^ two girths and a surcingle ; a bitt, with silver and gilt bosses ; a pair of holsters,
lined with velvet, and laced with gold and silver, and a pair of holster-caps, laced and fringed ;
a plume of red, bine, and white feathers, the colours of the three nations, containing eighteeit
falls, with a hearne top ; one plume of featliers for the head-stall and dock, and two trumpet-
letanners of 'his own arms.

The Order for the Habits of the Peeresses was as follows ;

BARONESS,

llie robe or mantle of crimson velveff the cape furred with miniyer-pure, that is, ermine
unpowdered, not spotted with black, and powdered with two bars or rows of ermine ; the
mantle to be edged round with miniver-pure, two inches in breadth, and the train to be three
feet on the ground.

VISCOUNTESS.

The same robe, except that the cape be powdered with two rows and an half of ermine ; the
edging the same ; the train, a yard and quarter.

COUNTESS.

The same, only the cape powdered with three rows of ermine 5 the edging three inches

broad : the train, a yard and- half.

4R MARCHIONESS.

" APPENDIX.

MARCHIONESS.

The same, only the cape powdered with three rows and a half of ertnine y tlie edging four
inches ; the traui, a yard and three quarters.

DUCHESS.

The same, only the cape powdered with four rows of ermine; the edging five inches ;, the
train two yards.

The surcoats or kirtles to be all of crimson velvet, close bodied, and clasped before, edged
with miniver-pure two inches broad, and scalloped down the sides from below the girdle,, and
sloped away into a train.

The sleeves of the surcoats to be crimson velvet, five inches deep, scalloped at bottom) edged-
wilh miniver-piire, and fringed with gold or silver.

Tlie caps of the coronets crimson velvet, turned up with ermine, with a button and tassel of
gold or silver on the top, suitable to the fringe of the sleeves;

The petticoats to be cloth of silver, or any other white stuff, either laced- or embroidered,
according to every one's fancy.

The mantles to hang back, fastened to each shoulder with cordons of silver or goldj suitable-
to the fringe, with tassels of the same, hanging one on each side down to the waist.

The surcoats or kirtles to open before, that the petticoat may appear;

On the day of the Coronation, three troops of horse guards, with their grenadiers, and two
regiments of foot guaids, with their grenadiers, repaired to their parades, the Hazza of Covent-
Garden, the Haymarket, Lincoln's Inn-Fields, and St. James's Park, between five and six
in the morning, whence they marched' to Westminster, and took post about nine ; the first
troop in the New Palace-yard, where they were drawn up three deep, with tlieir front to the
outside of the rail next the Thames, ranging from the great north door of Westminster-hall,
across the Palace-yard, towards the Clock-house or Towen.

The grenadiers of this troop did duty on foot, and were posted in New Palace-yard, along
the north side of the rail, ranging from the right wing^of the third troop of horse guards, to the
inside of the gate of the said Palace-yard in- Westminster.

The second troop was drawn up in the Great Sanctuary, three deep, to the rail, and there
posted, facing the west-end and north-west a«gle of the Abbey.

The grenadiers, doing duty on foot, were posted in a rank on the outside of the rail, opposite
the north side of the Abbey, in the Great Sanctimry, and ranging from the left wing of the se-
cond regiment of foot guards, to the turning into King-street,

The third troop were drawn up three deep, and posted in the Palace-yard, on the north side
of the rail, in opposition to the first regiment of foot, and the great north door of Westminster
Hall, having on their right wing the first troop of grenadiers.

The grenadiers of this troop, on foot, were posted in a single rank on the north and west
sides of the rail, between the turning into the Sanctuary and the gate entering into New Palace-
yard,

APPENDIX. V

yard, having on their right the second troop, and on their left the first troop of horse grena-
<diers.

The first regiment of foot were drawn up six deep, and posted on the south side of the rail,
in Palace-yard, ranging from east to wost, with their fronts northward, in opposition to the
third troop of horse guards. The grenadiers were posted in a single rank on the south side of
the rail, from the left wing of the regiment in Palace-yard, through the Gate-house into King-
street, and so to the gate -entering St. Margaret's Churoh-yard.

The second regiment of foot, having entered the Great Sanctuary, were posted from St.
Margaret's gatewestward, along the wall of the Church-yard, and on the south side of the rail, in
a single rank, reaching the great west door of the Abbey, ranging likewise without the north rail
to the same great door, in opposition. There were likewise niusqueteers on each side within
the Church, reaching to the choir door. The grenadiers' were posted at the. north door of St.
Margaret's Church-yard in a single rank, having tlie grenadiers of the first regiment on their
right.

These corps made tio inconsiderable part ofithe show;.for their clothes, colours, and ac-
coutrements, were all new : the officers were very richly dressed, with feathers in their hats,
and the men had several pieces of finery added to their uniform on the occasion.

The night before the Coronation, the King and Queen slept at the Palace at St. James's,
and early in the morning the Lord Great Chamberlain repaired to his Majesty, with his shirt,
for his anointing; and, with .the assistance of the Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber (the Chamber-
lain of the Household being ill), put it on ; together with the under trouses, breeches, and
crimson silk stockings, the satin surcoat opened for the anointing, and other upper apparel.

His Majesty then passed through St. James's Park to Whitehall, attended by several noble-
men and officers of his household, and going on board the royal barge at the Privy Stairs, he
went privately by water to Westminster ; and, about 'ten in the morning, landed at Parliament
Stairs, leading up to Old Palace-yard ; from thence he went directly to the Prince's lodgingsi
and was there vested with his surcoat of crimson velvet, and, after some time, with his royal
robe, or mantle of crimson velvet, furred with-jermine, called his parliament .robes, with ^ cap
of state, turned up with ermine.

The Queen, in the mean time, having been 'fully attired at St. James's, and appareled in her
royal robes of purple velvet, turned up with ermine, with a circle of gold, adorned with jewels,
came privately in a chair to Whitehall, and proceeded from thence to the Court of Wards,
where she rested while the proceedings were «et in order in the Hall, being attended by the
©uchess of Norfolk, who was to -bear her train, the four young Ladies Assistants, the two
Ladies of the Bed-chamber, her Lord Chamberlain and Vice-Chamberlain, two Gentlemen
€J*hers, and two of her Women.

About eight o'clock in the morning the Peers repaired to Westminster, either by^vafer or in
chairs, no coach being permitted to pass, and, having assembled in the House of Lords, they
put on their robes, and took their coronets in their hands.

About the same time the Archbishop and Bishops assembled in the House of Lords and
chambers adjacent, and vested themselves in their rochets.

The Judges, and others of the long robe, the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, Esquires
.pf the Body, Serjeants at La^y, Masters in Chancery, Aldermen of London, Chaplains having

4 R 2 dignities.

VI APPENDIX.

dignities, and the Six Clerks in Chancery, all in their proper habits, assembled about the same
time in the Court of Requests.

About half an hour after ten, the Officers of Arms, by the Earl Marshal's order, marshalled
them according to their respective classes, four in a rank, the youngest to the left, and con-
ducted them out of the Court of Requests, down the great stone stairs, into Westminster Hall,
where, falling off to the right and left, they were conducted to the entrance of the passages,
between the tables and cupboards on each side of the Hall, and passing down behind the
tables, staid there, till they were drawn out in the grand procession.

In the mean time, the Peers and Peeresses being called over, and marshalled four- abreast,
the youngest to the left, in the House of Lords and Painted Chamber, were drawn out in order
into the Court of Requests ; the Peers not passing through the Painted Chamber, but through
the open gallery, on the west side of the Honse of Lords, whence they were also conducted
down the great stone stairs, into the Hall, with the King.

As soon as the Baronesses came into the Hall, they were conducted down the middle of it to
the lower end, where they divided to the right and left, two and two, and stood by the forms,
at the side of the tables : the Barons, Bishops, and all other classes, proceeded in the same
manner, leaving an open passage along the middle of the Hall ; except the Lord Great Cham-
berlain, the Lord High Constable, and the Earl Marshal, who ascended the stone steps, and
placed themselves by the side of the royal table.

When the King entered the Hall, it was half an hour past eleven, and at the same time, the
Queen, attended by her Lord Chamberlain, and other officers and ladies, came out of the
Court of Wards, by a private door, at the south-west corner of the Hall, and repairing to her
chair of state, under a canopy, at the upper end of the Hall, stood before it. His Majesty
then ascending the stone steps of the stage, attended by the Great Officers, and the two Arch-
bishops, with Garter, and the Usher of the Black Rod, placed himself in his chair of state,
under a canopy, at the upper end of the Hall, on the right haiid of the Queen, who, when he
was seated, seated herself.

The Dean and Prebendaries of Westminster (having, early in the morning, cbnsecrated the
oil for anointing,) brought the regalia, in solemn procession, into the Hall, (being habited in
white surplices and rich copes, and preceded by the Gentlemen of the King's Chapel and Choir
of Westminster,) about eleven o'clock, and waited with it at the lower end of the Hall till the
Kii^ was seated. Then the Master of the Jewel-house presented the Lord High Constable,
who stood on the outside of their Majesties' table, with the sword of state, and the Lord High
Constable delivered it to the Lord Great Chamberlain, who, making his obeisance to his Mat-
jesty, laid it on the table before him.

The Master of the Jewel-house presented likewise the curtana and the two pointed swords
severally, to the Lord High Constable, and he to the Lord Great Chamberlain, who drew
them out of their scabbards, and laid them also on the table before the King.
In the same manner the great gilt spurs were presented, and laid upon the table.
Tlien the Dean and Prebendaries, with the Othcers of Arms, proceeded from the lower end
of the Hall, in the following order :

The Serjeant of the Vestry, with the gilt verge.

The Children of the Choir, two abreast.
The Children of the Royal Chapel, two abreast.

The

APPENDIX. vii

',' The Confessor and Sub-dean.

Pursuivants at Arms, two and two.

Heralds at ArmSj two and two.
The two Provincial Kings of Arms.
The King's Regalia, borne by the Dean and 'Prebendaries, as follows :
St. Edward's down, on a cushion of cloth of gold — by the Dean.
The Orb with the Cross — by Doctor Busby.
The Sceptre with the Dove — by Doctor South.
The Sceptre with the Cross— by Doctor Stradling.
St. Edward's StaiF — by Doctor Onely.
The Queen's Regalia, borne by the other Prebendaries.
Then the rest of the Prebendaries in order, the seniors first.
In proceeding from the lower end of the Hall to the stone steps, they made three obei-
sances ; one at the lower end of the Hall, one in the middle, and the third at the fool of the
steps : then they ascended the steps, and, being preceded by Garter, who staid above for them,
they came to the table, and, making another obeisance, the Dean presented the Crown to the
Lord High Constable, who delivered it to the Lord Great Chamberlain, and he laid it on the
table before the King, as he had done th& swords and spurs ; the same was done with the other
regalia.

The Queen's regalia were, with the same ceremonies, presented and laid on the table before
the Queen, on the King's left hand.

The Choirs, Prebendaries, and Dean, then returned to the lower end of the Hall, wliere
they waited till they were drawn out in the grand procession.

Then Garter's deputy, by the King's command, summoned the noblemen appointed by hia
Majesty to carry the regalia, and they were severally delivered to them.
The same was done by the Queen's regalia.

Lastly, the Bishops of Durham, and of Bath and Wells, were summoned to support the
King, and the Bishops of London and Winchester to support the Queen.

The Barons of the Cinque Ports, in number thirty-two, stood with the canopies, under
which their Majesties were to walk,, at the upper end of the tables, on the west side of the
Hall ; then the procession commencing, sixteen of the Barons received the Queen at the foot
of the great stone steps under her canopy, supported by six staves, three of the Barons sup-
porting each of the corner staves, and two each of the middle staves ; the other sixteen re-
ceived the King in the same manner, under his canopy.

The Serjeants at Arms, sixteen in number, being divided into two classes, attended the
King and Queen's regalia ; four on each side of the Queen's, and four on each side of the
King's.

The Gentlemen Pensioners, in number forty, wearing their hats, pursuant to the King's or-
der, as a military band, being ranged in two files, on each side of the passage, near the upper
end of the Hall, to give way for the procession ; twenty of them guarded the Queen, ten on a
side, and twenty the King.

The Y'eoraen of the Guard, being one hundred, having been employed in keeping the doors
of the Prince's lodgings, the House of Lords, Painted Chamber; Court of Requests, and

other

v»i APPENDIX.

other places adjacent, were also posted in Westminster Hall, next below the Gentlemen Pen-
sioners : tlie drums and trumpets attending at the north door of the Hall.

All things being thus disposed, the procession moved in the order mentioned below, about
twelve o'clock.

PROCESSION.

Drums, four abreast, followed by the Drum Major.

Trumpets, four abreast, followed by the Serjeant Trumpeter,

The Six Clerks in Chancery, four and two, the youngest ^rst.

Chaplains having dignities, four abreast.

Aldermen of London, four abreast, the youngest first.

Masters in Chancery, four abreast.

The King's Serjeants at Law, four abreast.

The King's Solicitor. The King's Attorney.

The King's two ancient Serjeants.

Esquires of the Body, four abreast.

Masters .of Request, four abreast.

Gentlemen .of the Privy Chamber, four abreast.

Barons of the Exchequer, and Justices of both Benches, in their order, four abreast.

The Lord Chief Baron. The Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

The Master of the Rolls. Tht3 Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

The Serjeant Porter. The Serjeant of the Vestiy.

The Children of the Chapel, four abreast.

The Choir of Westminster, four abreast.

The Gentlemen of the Chapel, four abreast.

prebends of Westminster, four abreast.

The Master of the Jewel-house.
Knights, Privy Councfllors, four abreast.

Two Pursuivants of Arms.

'Bai'onesaes, four abreast, the youngest first.

■Barons, four abreast, the youngest first.

Bishops in their order, four abreast.

Two Pursuivants of Arms.

'yiscountesses, four abreast, the youngest first

Viscounts, four abreast, the youngest first.

Two Heralds of Arms.

Countesses, four abreast, the youngest first

Earls, four abreast, the youngest first

Two Heralds of Arms.

Marchionesses.

Marquisses^

Two Heralds of Arms.

Duchesses, four abreast, the youngest first.

Dukes.

Tlie

APPENDIX. >x

The two Provincial Kings of Arms.

The Lord Privy Seal. The Lord President of the Council.

The Lord Treasurer. The Lord Archbishop of York.

The Lord Keeper. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

Two personsj representing the Dukes of Acquitaine and Normandy.

The Queen's Vice Chamberlain.

Two Gentlemen Ushers.

The Queen's Lord Chamberlain.

^ ^ The Queen's Ivory Rod. S «

S £ The Queen's Sceptre. « J3

,j; ■" The Queen's Crown. " ^5

THE QUEEN^

Assisted on either side by a Bishop, under a canopy, borne

a to by sixteen Barons of the Cinque Ports. a m

S a- Her Majesty's train, borne by a Duchessj | g

assisted by four Earls daughterss c

O pLi Two- Ladies of the Bedchamber, O p.i

Two Women.

St. Edward's Staff. The Spurs. St. Edward's Sceptre.

The Third Sword; Cartana. The Second Sword.

The Lord Mayor of London, f Garter. Principal \ Gentleman Usher of

carrying the City Mace. ( King of Arms. i the Black Rod.

The Lord Great Chamberlain* i

The Earl Marshal f _^ „ j r e* * \ '^^ 1^°"^ H'g** „

^ xk ^ , , 1 The Sword of State > ^ . ° £ ;^

g S of England. C J Constable. g g

-S' <1 The Sceptre, with f „ i, The Orb, with '"h <

« ^ _ < at. Edwards Ciown. > , -^ « —

( The Sword of State. I

- - _ ^ St. Edward's Ciown. \ . ^ -

«3 " the Dove; I > the Cross. ^

THE KING,

Assisted by the Bishops of Durham and Bath, under a canopy,

borne by sixteen Barons of the Cinque Ports.

His Majesty's train, borne by four Earls eldest sons,

assisted by the Master of the Robes.

Captain of the Yeomeu f The Captain of the Horse ^ Captain of the

of the Guards. \ Guards, in waiting. 5 Pensioners.

g£ A Gentleman of the Bedchamber, g SJ

I § Two Grooms of the Bedchamber, S §

c a The Yeomen of the Guard, four abreast. g g

In about a quarter of an hour the procession arrived at the Abbey, where the drums, staying
at the west door, the trumpets and kettle drums entered first, and, coming to the west door of
the choir, turned wp stairs oa the left hand into their gallery.

After

s^ APPENDIX.

After tliem the Six Clerks entered the choir, and ascended the steps of the theatre ; then di-
viding to the right and left, went to their seats in the galleries, on either side the choir, level with
the theatre, to the west end of the benches, and stood before their seats. The rest of the pro-
cession being conducted to their seats, stood before them till the King was seated.

But the choir of Westminster, with the prebendaries and the dean, when they entered the
Abbey, fell off from the procession a little on the left hand of the middle aisle, and stayed till
the King and Queen entered the Abbey ; then they proceeded a little before their Majesties, and
sung an anthem, composed by the celebrated Mr. Purcel, a gentleman of the Chapel Royal,
and organist of St. Margaret's, Westminster.

When the anthem was ended, the children and choir turned to the left, to the back side of the
choir, and went up into their gallery, by the great organ.

Then the prebendaries, entering the choir, ascended the theatre, and passed over to their
station, on the south side of the altar, beyond the King's chair.

After which, the dean of Westminster, the great officers, and the two archbishops, and two
persons representing tlie Dukes of Acquitaine and Normandy, ascended the theatre, and stood
near the great south-east pillar of it.

Then the Queen, preceded by her Vice-Chamberlain, two Gentlemen Ushers, ^^nd her Lord
Chamberlain, and by the lords who bore her regalia, having left her canopy, and the supporters,
at the entrance into the choir, ascended the theatre, and passed on the north side of her throne,
to her chair of state, and stood by the chair of state till the King came.

Then the King, in like manner, ascended the theatre, and passing by the south-side of his
throne, to his chair, near the foot of the throne, made a humble adoration, and kneeling down
at his fald-stool, just before his chair, used some private devotions, and the Queen did the same ;
then rising, he seated himsejf in his chair, and the Queen then did the same : the Lord Keeper,
the Lord Great Chamberlain, the Lord High Constable, and Earl Marshal, with the two
bishops vvho supported the King, the dean of Westminster, and the lords who carried the
regalia and swords, with Garter and the Gentleman Usher, all stood about his Majesty, the
bishops on either side, the lords who bore the swords on the right, and the Lord Great
Chamberlain on the left.

The Queen's officers, supporters, and attendants, were placed in the same manner.

All parties being duly placed, the two Provincial Kings of Arms, with the heralds and pur-
suivants, repaired to their stations, at the four great corner pillars of the theatre, where there
were seats railed in for that purpose.

The archbishop being placed near the King, his Majesty, after a short pause, stood up, and
the archbishop, having his face to tlie east, said,

" SlKS,

" I here present to you King James, the rightful inheritor of the crown of this realm ;
" wherefore all you that are come this day to do your homage, service, and bouuden
" duty, are ye willing to do the same i^'

This was repeated on each of the other sides of the theatre, and answered by loud acclama-
tions of " God save King James." Then the trumpets sounded, and the drums beat, and an
anthem was performed.

While

APrENDIX. M

While the anthem was peiformhig, the archbishop and bishops went to the altar, and re-
vested themselves in copes ; and the King, supported by two bishops, and preceded by th?
nobles who carried his regaUa,, put off his cap of state, and, kneeling at the altar, offered,
as an oblation, a pall of cloth of gold, and an ingot of gold weighing twelve ounces troy.

When the King had returned to his chair, the Queen offered a pall in the same manner.

When she had returned to her chair, both their Majesties kneeled at the stools placed before
their chairs, and the archbishop pronounced a prayer for the acceptance of the oblations.

The lords who carried the regalia then approached the altar, upon which the regalia were
severally placed, and all again retired to their seats.

■ Soon after, their Majesties kneeling again, the archbishop gave notice, by the yeoman 'ofthp
vehry, to the bishops of Oxford and St. Asaph, to read the Litany, which was'done, a desk
and cushions being placed on the east side of the theatre for that purpose.

The choirs sung the responses, and the dean of Westminster kneeled on the left of the
KiiTg.

In the Litany was introduced two prayers for the King, suitable to the occasion. The desk
and cushions being then carried away, the bishop of Ely went up into the pulpit, placed against
the great north east pillar of the theatre, and preached a seimon ; the King and Queen sitting
with their caps of state on.

When the sermon was ended, the King uncovered his head, and, going up to the altar, took
the Coronation Oath, which was administered by the archbishop.

' The old Coronation Oath was to this effect : The King swore, " That he would keep and
maintain the rights and franchises of Holy Church, which had been formerly granted by the
rightful Christian Kings of England : that he would keep all his lands, honours, and the right
and free dignities of the Crown, of England, in every respect, entire, without any sort of dimi-
nution ; and that such rights as had been severed, wasted, or lost from the Crown, he would,
to his power, cause to be restored to their ancient estate : that, he would preserve the peace of
Holy Church, and be agreeable to the clergy and people : that he would, in all his judgments,
cause equal and right justice, with discretion and mercy, to be done : that he would grant and
keep the laws and customs of the realm ; and to his power, would cause to be kept and affirmed
what the Pariiament should enact and choose : that he would totally abolish the evil laws and
customs, and firm and settled peace to the people of his kingdom, under his care, he would
keep to his power — As God should him help *."

* Ceo est le Serement que le Roy jnrre a soun Coro- toutez sez jugementez owel et droit justice oue

nenicnt : qae il gardera ct raeintenera lez droitez et discrecion et inisericorde, et quit graiintera a tenure

lez franchisez de Seynt Esglisc grauntez auncienment lez leyes et custnmcz deroialme, eta soiin poiair Icz

dez droitez Roys Christiens d'Engletere, et quil gar- face garder et affirmer que les gentez dn people avont

dera toutez sez teriez honoures et dignitees droiturcis faitez et esliez, et les malveys Icyz et custiimes de

et franks del Coron du Roialme d'Engletere en tout tout oustera, et ferme peas et establie al people de

mancr d'entierte sanz null maner damenusement, et lez soun Roialme en ceo garde esgardcva a soun poiair :

droitez diapergez dilapidcz on perduz de la Corone a come Dieu luy aide. From an old folio Abridgment of

souD poiair rcappeller en I'auncien estate, et quil the Statutes, printed by Lettou and Maclilinia, in the

gardera le peas de Seynt Esglise et al clergie et reign of Edw. IV. tit. Saeramentum Regis, fol. m. ij.

»1 people de bon accorde, et quil face faire en Blackstone's Comment, lib. i. cap. 6.

4S The

"i APPENDIX.

The King then returned to the stool by his chair, and Itneeled, the Queeii kneeling at the
^ame time, and the anlhem, " Veni Creatoi- Spiritus," was sung preparatory to the anointing.

Then, some collects and proper prefaces being pronounced, the King, in the mean litoe^
went to the altar, supported as before, and attended by the Lord Great Chamberlain, who dis-
robed him of his mantle, and surcoat of crimson velvet, which were carried into the Kiftg's
traverse, in St. Edward's Chapel ; and King Edward's chair, with a foot-sliool before it, being
placed in the middle of the sacrariam, before the altar, and covered \vtth clotii of gold, the
King seated himself in it ; and four Ktiights of the Garter supported a pali or pallet over him :
the several places of the habit that were made to operi, were then opened by the archbishop,
who untied the ribbons ; and the ampull, with the oil and spoon, were brought by the dean of
Westminster, who, having poured the oil into the spoon, the archbishop anointed the King, in
the form of a cross, on the palms of the hands, the breast, the shoulders, and between them,
the bend of the arms, and the crown of the head, saying, " Be these hands, this breast, &c.
anointed with holy oil."

A prayer was then said, the King kneeling, after wliich he rose and returned to his chair,
when the dean of Westminster dried the places anointed, except the head and hands, with cot-
ton wool, and again tied the ribbons that closed his garments : a shallow coif of linen was then
put on the King's head, and linen gloves were put into his hands, because of the anointing, and,
ih the mean tinle, a short anthem was sur§.

The King then standing before his chair, the dean of Westminster brought severally from the
altar the cblobium sindonis, the super-tunica, surcoat and girdle, the buskins, and sandals, and
put them on the Kihg ; he also touched iiis heels with' the spuris, but did not put tliem on, be-
cause they would have been troublfesome.

A sword vA'as then delivered to his Majesty, who, giving it to the Lord Great Chamberlain, he
girt him with it.

Proper officers afterwards put on his Majesty the armilla, and the mantle or open pall, and
put the orb in his hand.

The King thus invested, the archhishbp, striding before the altar, took St. Edward's Crown
into his hand, and laying it before him, on the altar, pronounced a prayer, the King kneeling
at his fbotstbol. The King sate down again in St. EdJwhrd's chair, and .the archbishop, coming
from tTie aJtar, holding the crown in hoth iis ha(flds, placed it on the King's head : it was then
exactly three o'clock.

Upon this, the trumpets sounded a Point of War, the drums without beat a Charge, and the
people shouted, " God save the King." The guns in the Park and Tower also fired, by a signal,
and the ships in the River fired their guns at the same time.

When the acclamations ceased, the archbishop pronoimced the ctistomary prayers, and another
anlhem was performed. While this was doing, the King returned the orb to the dean, who again
laid it upon the altar.

His Majesty then went to the altar, wheie his sword being ungirt, he offered it, in the
scabbard, as an oblation ; but the Earl of Oxford redeemed it, by appointment, for a hundred
shilhngs ; and, having received it, drew it out, and so bore it naked befofe the King during the
rest of the solemnity.

When the anthem was ended, all the peers put on their coronets.

The

APPENDIX. jtiii

' Tfae King being thfin again iseated ui lijs chair, the archbishop, drawing off the linen glove
from his Majesty's right haod, puit tjie ring, with a ruby, on the fourth £;tiger, and a rich glove
tieing presented tp ^le^ug by Lord Howard, he drjCw it on, over the ring, and immediately
received the sceptiie .witih die cross, in the same hand, from the archbishop.

Then he received allso the sceptre wiith the dove, into his left hand. J^^ing now anointed, in-
vested, and crowned, and (paving irqceiKed all his royal ornaments, he went again towards tl\e
altar, and, kneeling upon the steps, put off his crown, and, delivering the sceptres to the prp*
jier officers, hemiade his second oblation. of an ingot of gold M'.eigh.ing eight ounces troy, which
was laid on the altar.

Then the^King, still kneeling, received again, both tihe sceptres into bish^nds, aqd the arch-
bi&hop gave^him a solemn sbenedietion, as he did .also, afterwards, to the people-
When this was done, the King arose, and again put on his crown ; then sitting dovtTf in .St.
£idward<s«hair, Jie. kissed the iarohbisliQps and ibishops who ;had.a!isisted at the Coronation, as
they J kneeled, befotehin?, one .after, the other.

The choir then sung Te Deum, and the King, in the mean time, went up to the theatre, and
seated himself in a <5hair of state, below the throne. When the Te Deum was ended, he as-
eendjcd tbeiduone, .and, being seated in it^ the archbishop, standing, before hiro, pronounced an
exhortation. After which, all the peers did homage to his Majesty ; the first of each cl,ass
kneding before the sKing, agd pri)nouncing, for himself and the rest of the class, these
words :

">I, ^. Pijlje [EJarl,,ViftGount, Qr B&roa] of N. do become your liegeyman, of liffe
" and .liji)b,^aPd,of e\artlily worship ; and faith and truth I vyill bear unto you, to
" live and die, against all manner of folks.

« So help me God."

During the homage, medals were thrown among the people, from the south, west, and north
sides of the theatre ; and another anthem was performed, whicLconcluded the King's part of the
Coronation.

The Queen was then anointed, crowned, invested, and enthroned, with nearly the sam
ceremonies ; and the whole ceremony concluded, with the benediction, " The peace of God,
which passeth all understandi^ig," &c.

The Coronation being thus performed, the King, with .the swords borne before him, his-
crown on his head, and both sceptres in bis han^s, passed through the door on the south side
of „the, h.igh ,sltar,,into St. Edvyard's;.ch^pe,l, where the. regalia were .4eli.vered to the dean of
Westminster.

The Queen also went crowned, and holding her ivory sceptre, through the door, on the nortk
side of the high altar, into St.- Ed ward's Chapel.

The' King then gave the two sceptres, and his crown, to the archbishop, who laid them on.
-the dtar ; aiMl thef i^ueen did the same.

458 Their'

xiv APPENDIX.

Tlieir Majesties then withdrew to their traverses, where the King was disrobed of the robe*
called St. Edward's, and was arrayed in his royal robes of purple velvet. ; i

The King and Queen then coming to St. Edward's altar, the archbishop put two other im-
perial crowns on their heads, with caps of purple velvet, which they wore the rest of the day t
into the King's right hand he also put the sceptre with the cross, and into his left hand the orb,
or globe with the cross ; -and into the Queen's right hand, her sceptre with the cross, and into
her left hand, her ivory rod with the dove.

While this was doing, the officers of arms called in order such as were to return to West^
minsler-hall to dine, for the prebendaries and the choirs did not return.

■ Then the King and Queen, with the nobility, according to their several degrees, proceeded
down the body of the church, through the great west door, and so returned to Westminster-hall
the same way they came; the peers and peeresses wearing their coronets.

' While the office of the Coronation was performing in the church, the tables were covered in
the Hall, and the company was disposed at the tables, as they arrived, which was about five
o'clock.

Diimer being placed upon the table, the King rose, and, having given the sceptre and orb to
proper officers, he washed his hands, water being poured upon them by the Earl of Huntingdon,
his cup-bearer.

■ The Queen did the same. The bishop of London said grace, and all sate down to
dinner.

Before the second course was brought in. Sir Charles Dymoke, Knight, the King's Cham-
pion, entered the Hall, completely armed, in one of his Majesty's best suits of white armour,
mounted on a fine white hojse, richly caparisoned, b the following manner :

Two trumpets.

The Serjeant Trumpeter, with his mace.

Two Serjeants at Arms, with their maces.

The Champion's two Esquires, one on the right hand, with his lance

carried upright, the other on the left, with his target.

York Herald at Arras,

■with a paper, containing the words of the challenge.

'The Champion, on horseback^ with '

a gauntlet in his right hand, and a

robes and coronet, ^helmet on his head, with a great

on horseback. I plu^e of feathers, white, red^ and

(^blue. J

,Four Pages.

The Earl Marshal, in his

The Lord High Constable,

in his robes and coronet,

on horseback.

The passage to their Majesties table being cleared, the Knight Marshal proclaimed the Cham-
pion's Challenge, at the lower end of the Hall, in the following words :

" If any person, of what degree soever, high or low, shall deny or gainsay our Sovereign

." Lord King James the Second, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland,

" Defender of the Faith, brother and next heir to our Sovereign Lord Charles the

. , ■ " Second, the last King deceased, Jo be the right heir to the imperial crown of this

" realm

APPENDIX. XV

" realm of England, or that he ought not t» enjoy the same ; here is his champion,
" who saith, that he lieth, and is a false traitor, being ready, in person, to combate
" with hiai ; and iu this quarrel will adventure his life against hira, on what day soever
" hejshall be appointed."

Then the champion threw down his gauntlet, which, having lain some time, York Herald
took it up, and re-delivered it. Then they advanced, in the same order, in the middle of the
Hall, where the same proclamation and challenge was repeated, and a third time, at the foot of
the steps, where ; the champion made a low obeisance to the King ; upon which the Earl of
Huntingdon, bringing to the King a gilt bowl of wine, with the cover, his Mjyesty drank to
flie cham|)ion, and sent him the bowl by the eafi, which the champion, having put on his
gauntlet, received, and, retiring a little, drank, and made bis reverence to his Majesty ; dien,
being accompanied as before, he went out of the Hall, taking the bowl with him, as his fee.

Immediately after this, the officers of aims, descending from their gallery, Garter, with the
two Provincial Kings of Arms, with their coronets on their heads, followed by the Heralds and
Pursuivants, came and stood at the lower end of the Hall, and, making their obeisance to his
Majesty, proceeded to the middle of the Hall, wher* they made a second obeisance, and, being
come to the foot of the steps, made a third 4 they then ascended the steps, and, at the top of
them, Garter cried " Largess," thrice, and, having received his Majesty's Largess, [U'oclaimed the
King's stile ; .first in Latin, then in French, tlien in English. After wliich, making their obei-
sance, they descended, and went backward to the middle of the Hall, keeping their faces to the
King, and there repeated the cry " Largess," and the proclamation 4 which tliey ag;iin repeated
in the same languages at the end of the Hall, where they sate down to dinner.

The second course was then served in, and the Mayor of Oxford, being brought up by Lord
Pluntingdon, presented to the King, on his knee, a bowl of wine in a gilt cup, covered. Then
the Lord Mayor of London, attended by twelve principal citizens, came from the cupboard, and
presented, on his knee, a bowl of wine to the Kmg, iu a gold cup, which he received back, as
his fee ; and, with his attendants, repaired to dinner at the lower end of the Hall.
. Their Majesties, having dined, arose from table and washed 4 grace was then said by the
bishop of Durham, and their Majesties received again their regalia, and, with the crowns on
their heads, and sceptres and orb in their hands, they withdrew, about seven o'clock, into the
Court of Wards, where the crowns, orb, and sceptres were delivered to the dean of Westminster
and Master of the Jewel-house ; and their Majesties departed as they came. j

The nobility and others soon after departed from the Hall, and tlie day concluded with a fine
fire-work, and other demonstrations of joy*.

• Published in the Gent. Mag. vol. xxxi. p. 346, from published by Norfolk and Marshall, &c. 14tk of April,
Sandford's account, printed, by the King's command. 1685. Penes F. F.Foljambc:, Arm. "

,The proceseioD is from a printed (orm, appoinledlo be

xvj APPENDIX.

An historical Account af the Coronation of their present Majesties
King George III. and Queen Charlotte, as King and Queen of
Great Britain, on Tbiesday, the 22d Day of September, 1761,
from the Account published by Authority * : to which is prefixed,
an Account of the Preparations previous thereto, and for the
Reception of the Queen; and of the Procession and Ceremoniea
at the Royal Marriage^

A UBLIC notice having been given in the Lortdon Gazette, thdt the ceremony of the Goi'e>-
nation was to be celebrated on Tuesday, the Q2d of September, 1761, and a proclamation for
that purpose beii^ published in the London Gdzette, the curiosity of tire public was excited,
perhaps, to a higher degree than ever had been'known on the like occasion. His Majesty,
about the same time, having declared his royal inteation of demanding in marriage the Princess
Charlotte of Mecklenbourg-Strelitz, and the treaty of marriage being concluded, andthe ratir
fications exchanged, oti the I5th of August, the impatience of the people, for the arrival of
their future Queen, cannot be expressed. The royal yachts were Ordered to sail, so soon as the
beginning of August, to be in readiness to take her Serene Highness onboard, and LiOrd Anson,
Vice-Admiral of Great Britain, and Lieutenant of the AdtoiFalty, was appointed to convoy her
Highness, with a squadron of men of war, to the English shore. Great preparations were
made at Greenwich for her reception, if she should arrive in the River, -auri the houses, plea-
sure-boats, barges, and other small craft, were every where engaged, all altoilg'the River, where-
ever there was the least hopes of seeing her Majesty as she- passed, several weeks before her
expected arrival.

While these preparations were making for her Majesty's reception, others were preparing for
the celebrattion of the Coronation, and for the accommodatioa of the people who. were to be
spectators.

Westminster-Hall and Westminster- Abbey were filled With galleries of a new constraction,
and a platform was erected from the upper end of Westminster-HkU,. where the procession
was to commence, and continued through New Palace-yard, Parliament-street, and Bridge-
street, into King-street^ and so through the west door of the Abbey to the choir, where his
Majesty was crowned ; and in vievv of this platform the houses on each side -were Jinfidwit^
scaffolding, the seats on which were let at exorbitant . prices. The front seats in the galleries
of the Abbey w ere let at ten guineas each, aud those in commodious houses, along the proces-
sion, at no less prices. The prices iu the ordinary houses were from five guineas to one guinea,

• Extracted from Uie Gent. Mag. vol. xxxi. p, 414.

and

APPENDIX. xvii

«nd even in tfie Coronation Tlieatres *, as Uiey were called, the prices were beyon<l all pre-
cedent.

The attention of the Earl Marshal (who had the direction of the ceremony) to prevent acci-
dents ; and of the Board of Works (to whose inspection all the erections on this occasion were
made subject) merited great applause. The Marshal's first care was to prevent accidents by
fire, anid, as it was apprehended that the joy of the people, upon the arrival of their Queen,
would naturally be expressed by bon-fires and iUuminations, an order was issued, on the 4th of
September, that no bon-fires should \>e made, nor any fire-works played off, in any part of
Westminster, from Whitehall to Millbank, and from thence to Buckingham-gate, round the
south-west part ,^f the Artillery Ground, till seven days after the Coronation : and, by another
oifder, all fires were forbidden to be lighted on the day of the Coronation, in, under, or near
any part of the scaffolding, on any pretence whatever ; and, in case there sliould be a necessity
lor people to go under the scaffolding with lights, that they should be obliged to make use of
lanthorns.

By these wise precautions, all terrors from fire, vi-hich might have affected many persons,
were removed. And to prevent accidents by the stoppages of coaches, &c. on the day of the Co-
ronation, notice was given that a way was made for them through Parliament-street, across the
Nevsf and Old Palace-yards, and they were ordered, as soon as discharged, to proceed on directly
to Millbank, and from thence to Hyde-Park-Corner, without making any stop; and it was
further commanded, that none but the coaches of Peers, Peeresses, and others, who attended
the solemnity, should pass that way after seven o'clock that morning, nor any whatever after
nine ; and in the evening the coaches were to return tlie same way, but no coaches were per-
mitted to pass back, by any of those ways, till after their Majesties return to St. James's.

Ipformation having also been given to the Lords of his Majesty's Honorable Privy Council,
tlwt the hackney coachmen and chairmen had entered into a combination not to wwk their
coaches and chairs on that day, witliout exorbitant rates, their lordships caused an order to be
published, requiring all hackney coachmen and chairmen to be otit with their coaches and chairs
by four in the morning, and faithfully to perform their duty, without making any exMbitant
•demands, upon pain of being proceeded agauist with the utmost severity.

Tlie military officers were also appointed their proper stations, and the soldiers on dnty were
ranged in such a manner, : that no obstruction whatever attended the ceremony ; the nearest Hos-
• pitals were cleared too, as much as possible, for the reception and speedy relief of tlie unfor-
tanate, in case that any accident had happened, and parties of light hoise were ordered to
patrole the stafeets, that they might be at hand to assist the civil magistrates, in case of any
tumults, riots, or other disorder*. Such were the wise regulations that those worthy personages,
to whom the conduct of :this most magnificent ceremony was entrusted, caused to be publislied
from time to time ; and the measures diey pursued, were attended with the desired effect ; for no
accident of any kind did happen on that day, which human wisdom could have prevented.

Things being thus in readiness for the Coronation, the impatience of the people for the
awival of the Queen, increased in prc^ortion as the time drew nearer, when the Coronation
ceremony was to be .performed. His Majesty too, expressed his impatience, and fresli instruc-

* These -were a sort of large booths, tliat contained from 12 to 1500 seats.

tions,

xviii APPENDIX.

tions, it was said, were dispakhed to the Vice-Admiral to saiT at all events, and to tand hi?
charge at any of the ports of Great Britain, where it could be done with safety, that the cere-
mony of the nuptials might precede that of the Coronation.

Tlie wind continued contrary, and the presages of the people were various, according as they
were more or less anxious for the welfare of her Highness, and desirous of her speedy arrival.
News at length was brought, that on the 17th of August, her Highness, accompanied by the
reigning duke, her brother, set out for Mirow. The 18th she arrived at Perleberg, where she
was complimented, in the name of his Prussian Majesty, by the Count de Goter, who wished
her a happy voyage. On the 19th, she continued her jom-ney by Lentzen for Gohrde, where
her Most Serene Highness dined twice in public, and walked in the afternoon in the park. On
the 22d, at seven o'clock in the evening, she arrived at Stade, under a general discharge of the
cannon of the place, and amidst the acclamations- of a vast number of people, both citizens and
foreigners. The burgesses of Stade were assembled under arms, and lined the streets through
which her Most Serene Highness passed. At nine o'clock the whole town was illuminated, and
several triimiphal arches were erected in the principal streets, on which were placed many small
lamps, and inscriptions analagous to the occasion. The same night, these marks of public joy
were reiterated. Next morning she set out for Cuxhaven, and on the 23th, about ten in the
morning, embarked on board the yacht, accompanied by the Duchesses of Ancaster and Ha-
milton, the Prince her brother, the Earl of Harcourt, and Lord Anson. She was saluted by
the whole squadron destined to convoy her to England ; they were ranged on each side of the
yacht. The moment she entered the cabin, she saluted the officers of the different ships, who
had crowded the decks, in order to have the pleasure of seeing her, who were all charmed with
her affable and polite behaviour.

On the 28th she put to sea, but as no dispatches were received from her from that time till the
6th of September, when she landed at Harwich, the court was in some concern, lest the tedi-
ousness of her voyage might affect her health. Her Highness had been twice in sight of the
British coast, and as often driven off by contrary winds ; one day in hopes of landing on English
o-round, and the next in danger of being driven to the coasts of Norway. Her arrival, there-
fore, was a desirable event ; but as it was night when she came to Harwich, her Highness slept
on board, and continued there till three in the afternoon the next day, during which time
her route had been settled, and instructions received as to the manner of her proceeding to- St.
James's. ,

At her landing, she was received by the Mayor and Aldermen of Harwich, in their usual for-
malities. About five o'clock she came to Colchester, and stopped at the house of Mr. Enew,
where she was received and waited upon by Mrs. Enew and Mrs. Rebow; but Captain Best
.Attended her with coffee, and Lieutenant John Seaber, with tea. Being thus refreshed, she
proceeded to Witham, where she arrived at a quarter past seven, and stopped at Lord Aber-
corn's, and his lordship pravided as elegant an entertainment for her as the time would admit.
Durin<r supper, the door of the room was ordered to stand open, that every body might have
the pleasure of seeing her Highness, and on each side of her chair stood the Lords Harconrt
and Anson. She slept that night at his lordship's house ; and, a little after twelve o'clock the
next day, her Highness came to Romford, where the King's coach and servants met her, and,
after stopping to refresh, she entered the King's coach. The attendants of her Highness were

APPENDIX. xlx

in three other coaches. In the first were some ladies of Mecklenbourg, and in the last was her
Highness, who sat forward, and the Duchesses of Ancaster and Hamilton, backward. They
proceeded at a tolerable pace, attended by an incredible number of spectators, both on horse
and foot, to Stratford-le-Bow and Mile-End, where they turned up Dog-row, and prosecuted
their journey to Hackney turnpike, then by Shoreditch church and up Old-street to the City-
road, across Islington, along the New-road, into Hyde Park, down Constitution-hill, into St.
James's Park, and then to the garden-gate of the palace, where she was handed out of the
coach by the Duke of York, andiiiet in the garden by his Majesty, who, in, a very affectionate
manner, raised her up, and saluted her, as she was going to pay her obeisancej and then led her
into the palace, where she dined with his Majesty ", the Princess Dowager, and the Princess
Augusta'' After dinner, her Highness was pleased to show herself, with his Majesty, in the
gallery, and other apartments fronting the Pari. ,

About eight o'clock in the evening, the procession to the chapel began in the following .
order :

The Processron of the Bride.

Drums and Trumpets.

The Serjeant Trumpeter,

The Princess's Servants.

A Page.

A Quarter Waiter.

A Gentleman Usher, between the two senior Heralds.

Vice-Chamberlain ,

Maids of. Honor.

Ladies of the Bedchamber, not Peeresses.

Peeresses.

Unmarried daughters of Peers.

Thie King's Vice-Chamberlain. ' The King's Lord Chamberlain. -

His Royal Highness C THE BRIDE, i His Royal Highness

Prince William. i In her nuptial habit, supported by 5 the Duke of York.

Her train borne by ten unmarried daughters of Dukes and Earls, viz. by
Lady Sarah Lenox. Lady Canoline Russel.

Lady Ann Hamilton. Lady Elizabeth Ker.

Lady Harriet Bentinck. Lady Caroline Montague.

Lady Elizabeth Keppel.' Lady Louisa Greville.

Lady Elizabeth Harcourt. Lady S. St'rangwayes. -

Her Serene Highness having been in this manner conducted to the chapel, the Lord Cham-
berlain, and Vice-Chamberlain, with the two heralds, returned to wait upon his Majesty.

(9) And with the whole royal family, except the (b) Afterwards married to the Hereditary Prince of ■
two youngest. BniDswick,

4T ' The

XX APPENDIX.

The King's Procession.

Drums and Trumpets, as before.

The Knight Marshal.

Pursuivants and Heralds at Arms.

Knights of the Bath, not Peers, wearing their collars.

Privy Councillors, not Peers.

Comptroller of the Household. Treasurer of the Household.

Barons.

Bishops.

Viscounts.

Earls.

The liord Steward of the Household, being an Earl.

Marquisses.

Dukes.

Norroy and Clarencieux, Kings of Arms.

A Serjeant at Arms. Lord Privy Seal. A Serjeant at Arms.

A Serjeant at Arms. Lord President. A Serjeant at Arms.

Lord Chancellor.
Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

A Gentleman Usher. P^'"'^'-' ^"""P^^ King of Arms, with l ^ ^^^^^^^ j^^j^^^

I his White Rod, or Sceptre, 3

The Earl Marshal.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland^

His Royal Highness Prince Frederick.

His Royal Highness Prince Henry.

r The Sword of State, borne by the Duke j

The Vice-Chamberlain. < of Bedford, Knight of the Garter, in > The Lord Chamberlain.

' his collar. 3

THE KING,

Wearing his collar.

Captain of the Yeomen ( ^ r , -r-r ^ , i Captain of the Band

*^ . , „ J < Captam or the Life Guard. ( c rt •

of the Guard. I '^ 3 ot i'ensioners.

The Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, in waiting.

The Master of the Robes.

Two Grooms of the Bedchamber.

Gentlemen Pensioners.

The marriage ceremony was performed by the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. The Duke
of Cumberland gave her hand to his Majesty, and, immediately on the joining their hands, the
Park and Tower guns were fired.

Their

APPENDIX. xxi

Their Majesties, after the ceremony, sate on one side of the altar, on two state chairs, under
a canopy. Her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales sat facing them, on a chair of
state, on the other side ; all the rest of the Royal Family on stools, and all the Peers, Peeresses,
Bishops, and Foreign Ministers, on benches.

The Return.

Drums and Trumpets*

Serjeant Trumpeter.

The Queen's Servants.

A Page.

A Quarter Waiter.

A Herald. A Gentleman Usher. A Herald.

Pursuivants and Heralds at Arms.

Knights of the Bath, not Peers.

Privy Councillors^ not Peers.

Unmarried daughters of Peers.

Peeresses.-

Peers, as before.

Norroy and GlareincieUx, Kings of Arms.

Lord Privy Seal.

Lord President.

Lord Chancellor.

Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

A Gentleman Usher. Garter. A Gentleman Usher.

The Earl Marshal.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland.

His Royal Highness Prince Frederick.

His Royal Highness Prince Henry.

Vice-Chambeilain. The Sword of State; The Lord Chamberlain..

THE KING.

The three Captains of the Guard.
The Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, in waiting.
The Master of the Rolls.
Two Grooms of the Bedchamber-
Prince William, f THE QUEEN, > The.Duke of York.
1 Conducted by her Lord Chamberlain, and^
J Vice-Chamberlain, and her train borne, as ^
' before. J
The Ladies of Her Majeisty's Bedchamber, in waiting.
Maids of Honour.
Gentlemen Pensioners.

4 T a Procession

Jixn APPENDIX.

Procession to the Coronation of their present Majesties.

The King's Herb-woman, with her six Maids, strewing the way with herbs.

The Dean's Beadle of Westminster, with his staff.

High Constable of Westminster, with his staff, in a scarlet cloak.

A Fife.

Four Drums^

The Drum-Major.

Eight Trumpets.

A Kettle Drum.

Eight Trumpets.

The Serjeant Trumpeter.

The Six Clerks in Chancery.

Closet-Keeper of the Chapel Royal.

King's Chaplain?, having dignities.

Sheriffs of London.

Aldermen of London.

Masters in Chancery.

The King's Serjeant at Law.

Solicitor-General *. Attorney-General*.

The King's Ancient Serjeant.

Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber.

Barons of the Exchequer and Justices of both Benches, two and two.

Chief Baron of the Exchequer. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas'.

Master of the Rolls'*. Chief Justice 'of the King'« Bench^.

Children of the Choir of Westminster, in their surplices.

Serjeant of the Vestry, in a scarlet gown. Serjeant Porter, in a scarlet gown.

Children of the Chapel Royal, in surplices, with scarlet mantles over them.

Choir of Westminater, in surplices.

Organ Blower. Groom of the Vestry.

fGentlemen of the Chapel Royal, in scarlet mantles.

The Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal, in a scarlet gown.

Prebendaries of Westminster, in surplices and -rich copes.

The Dean of Westminster '^, in a surplice and rich cope.

The Master of the Jewel-house b, with one of his officers going by him, both in scarlet.

Two Pursuivants of Scotland.

Bath, King of Arms, in his habit of the order, and crown in his hand.

Knights of the Bath, not Peers, in the full habit of the order, two and two, carrying their caps

and feathers in their hands.

(a) Hon. Charles Yorke, afterwards Lord Morden, (e) Lord Mansfield, went as a Peer.

(b) diaries Pratt, Esq. the late Lord Camden. (f) Eight Rev. Dr. Pearce.

Blue

APPENDIX. xxiii

Blue Mantle, Pursuivant Rouge Dragon, Pursuivant.

Pjivy Councillors, not Peers.

His Majesty's Vice-Cliamberlain".

Comptroller of the Household''. Treasurer of the Households

Rouge Croix, Pursuivant. Portcullis, Pursuivant.

Baronesses, in their robes of estate.; their coronets in their bands.

Barons, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands,

Norfolk, Herald extraordinary.

Bishops, in their roifhets ; their caps in their hands.

Blanche-Coursier, Herald. Brunswick, Herald.

Viscountesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands.

Viscounts, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands.

Lancaster, Herald, Somerset, Herald.

Countesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets on their heads.

Earls, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands.

Windsor, Herald. Richmond, Herald.

Marchionesses, in their robes of estate^ their coronets in their hands.

Marquisses, in their robes of estate; their coronets in their hands.

York, Herald. Chester, Herald.

Duchesses, in their robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands.
Dukes, in tiieir robes of estate ; their coronets in their hands.
The Lord Chamberlain of the Household*.
Ulster. Clarencieux. Norroy, King of Arms.

The Lord Privy Seal'=, in his robes of estate ; liis coronet in his hand.
The Lord Chancellor', in his robes of estate, and -coronet in his hand, bearing the purse.
Lord Archbishop of Canterbury ^, with his rochet ; his cap in his hand.
Two Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, in proper mantles; their hats in their hands, repre-
senting the Dukes of
Acquitaine *, Normandy '.

The Queen's Vice-Chamberlain ''.
Two Gentlemen Ushers.
The Ivory Rod, with the Dove, r The Queen's Lord Chamberlain ', ^ The Sceptre, with the Cross.,
borne by the Earl of North- < in his robes, with his coronet and >■ borne by the Duke of Rut-
ampton, in his robes of estate. ' staff in his hand. J land, in his robes of estate.

„ o • X ^ A ( The Queen's crown, borne "by (he Duke ) rr , c • * *. a

TwoSerieants atArms. ^ ^ d ,. • ,' , J . i J- wo Serjeants at Arms.

■^ t of Bolton, m his robes oi estate. J

(a) Honorable William Finch, Esq. (g) Dr. Tliomas Seeker.

(b) Earl Powis, went as a Peer. (h) Sir William Breton.

(d) Duke of Devonshire. tham.

(e) Earl Temple. (k) Lord Viscount Cantalupe.

(f) Lord Henley, afterwards Earl of Northington. (1) Duke of Manchester.

Gentlemen

XXIV

APPENDIX.

Bishop of f

'^'^ Norwich.

:—

THE QUEEN,

In her royal robes (on her head a circlet of gold adorn-
ed with jewels) going under a canopy of cloth of gold,
•{ borne by sixteen Barons of the Cinque Ports ; her train j*
supported by her Royal Highness Princess Augusta,
in her robes of estate, assisted by six Earl's daughters,
•^viz. by

Bishop of
Lincoln.

a
o

Lady Mary Grey.

Lady Elizabeth ^Montague.

Lady Jane Stewart.

Lady Selina Hastings..
Lady Heneage Finch.
Lady Mary Douglas.

Princess's coronet, borne by the Marquis of Caernarvon.
Duchess of Ancaster, Mistress of the Robes.
Two women of her Majesty's Bedchamber.

The King's Regalia.

St. Edward's Staff, borne by r The Golden Spurs, borne by ^ The Sceptre, with the Cross,
the Duke of Kingston, in his < the Earl of Sussex, in his ^ borne by the Duke of Marlbo-
robes. ' robes. 3 rough, in his robes.

The Third Sword, borne by ^ „ ^ , i ., t- i ^ 'k The Second Sword, borne by

1 T- 1 ,- r- 1 1 i - , • S Curtana, borne by the Earl of / , „ , „ ^^ .

the Earl ot Sutherland, m his < ^ • i • t • i_ > the Earl of Suffolk, m his

i Ijincoin. in his robes. i '

robes.

1 Lincoln, in his robes. t

V. y robes.

Usher of the AVliite Rod, with his rod.

I Lyon, King of Arms
of Scotland'', carry-
ing his crown in his/

I hand.

' Garter, Principal j
I.King of Arms ', car-
krying his crown in his*
hand.

Gentleman Usher of
the Black Rod'', with
his rod.

The Lord Mayor of
Loudon ■*, in his gown, i
collar, and jewel, bear-
ing the city mace.

The Lord Great Chamberlain of England, in his robes of estate, and coronet and

white staff in his hand.

Ilis Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, in his robes of estate, and coronet in his hand ;

his train borne by

His Royal Highness the Duke of York, in his robes of estate, and coronet in his hand ;

his train borne by Colonel Brudeneli.

Earl Marshal % in his ^ The Sword of State, '^ rLord High Constable f High Constable of
t r borne by the Earl off ) of England ',

" 1

robes, with his coronet (

and Earl Marsharsf' Huntingdon,

staff.

5 I l.± UULXl

\robes.

his

in his
I robes, with his coronet
and staff.

[Scotland ^, in . his
robes, with his coro-
net and staff.

(a) Sir Matthew Blackiston.

(b) John Camphell Hooke, Esq.

(e) Earl of Effingham.

(f ) Duke of Bedford.

(g) Earl of Errol.

A gentleman,

APPENDIX.

xxv

The Sceptre, with rSt.Edward'sCiown,^The Orb, borne by
the Dove, borne by J borne by the Lord f the Duke of S

the, Duke of Rich-
mond, in his robes.

High Steward'
his robes.

in C merset,
J robes.

fThe Paten, by theCThe Bible, carried
< Bishop of Roches- 'by the Bisliop

ter.

Carlisle.

I The Chalice,
• the Bishop
I Chester.

by)

50- r

by)

of>

« P

7! °

M « o

■i

- a

s
<u

C Bishop of )
I Durham. 5

< Bishop of ) r THE KING, 1

i Lincoln, i In his royal robes (on his head a cap of
«state, adorned with jewels) going under a [
canopy of cloth of gold, borne by sixteen r-
Barons of the Cinque Ports ; his train
supported by six Lords, eldest sons of
^ Peers.

Viscount Mandeville. Marquis of Hartinglon.

Lord Howard. Lord Grey,

Lord Beauchamp. Lord NeWnharti,

At the end of the train the Master of the Robes, the Honorable Jani€s Brudenell.

a
o

s
o

k Captain
Horse, in wait-

' ing, in his robes.

f 111 ) Captain of the C Lieutenant of
Gentlemen Pen- 1 the Band of Gen- (
his Jtlemen Pension-

'Standard Bearer j Captain of the
I of the Band off Yeomen of the
I Gentlemen Pen- (^ Guard, in his

sioners. /robes. \. _/ robes. \ers,

A Gentleman of the King's Bedchamber-
Two Grooms of the Bedchamber.
Ens^n of the Yeomen of the Guard. Lieutenant of the Yeomen of the Guard.

Exempts. Yeomen of the Guard. Exempts.

The Clerk of the Cheque to the Yeomen of the Guard.

Note. All the Peers in the procession were in their robes of estate, and being Knights of
the Garter, Thistle, or Bath, wore the collars of their respective orders.

About half an hour after one, their Majesties entered the Abbey, and went to their Seats on
the east side of the throne. The Archbishop of Canterbury made the recognition, and then
their Majesties made their first oblation, dnd took their seats on the south side of the altar.
Then the Litany began ; during which the regalia were severally presented at the altar, and the
great officers retired to their seats.

The Litany being ended, and part of the Communion Service read by the archbishop, Dr.

Drummond'', bishop of Salisbnry, preached the sermon, from the following words, viz.

" Blessed be the Lord thy God, which delighted in thee ; to set thee on tlie throne of Israel ;

" because the Lord loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee King, to do Judgment and

^'.Justice," 1 Kings, X. ix.

(a) Earl Talbot.

(b) Afterwards Lord Archbishop of Vork,

The

xxvi APPENDIX.

The sermon being ended, his Majesty made the usual declaration, and took and subscribed
the Coronation oatli.

At the Revolution, in 1688, the old Coronation oath was laid aside, on account of its
" having been framed in doubtful words and expressions, with relation to ancient laws and
" constitutions at that time unknown :" and the following was, by Act of Parliament % sub-
stituted instead of it.

The Archbishop or bishop shall say,

" Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the people of this kingdom of England, and
" the dominions thereto belonging, according to the statutes in parliament agreed on, and the
'' laws and customs of the same ?"

The King and Queen shall say, " I solemnly promise so to do."

Archbishop or bishop. — " Will you, to your power, cause law and justice in mercy, to be
" executed in all your judgments ?"

King and Queen. — " I will."

Archbishop or bishop. — "Will you, to the utmost of your power, maintain the laws of God,
" the true profession of the gospel, and the Protestant reformed religion established by law ?
" And will you preserve unto the bishops and clergy of this realm, and to the churches com-
" milted to their charge, all such rights and privileges as by law do or shall appertain unto them,
" or any of them ':"

King and Queen. — " All this I promise to do."

After this the King and Queen, laying his and her hand upon the holy gospels, shall say,.

King and Queen. — " The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and
" keep — So help me God." Then the King and Queen shall kiss the book.

After "Veni Creator," his Majesty removed to St. Edward's chair, and the unction was
performed by the archbishop ; four Knights of the Garter holding a pall over his Majesty dur-
ing the anointing, viz. the Duke of Devonshire, the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Hert-
ford, and Earl Waldegrave. The spurs were then presented, and his Majesty girt with the
sword, which was afterwards offered and redeemed.

His Majesty was then invested witli the armilla, the purple robe, or imperial pall, and orb,
and afterwards receiving the ring, returned the orb to the altar.

The Marquis of Rockingham, deputy to the Duke of Norfolk, as lord of the manor of
V/orksop, presented a right-hand glove to his Majesty, who, putting it on, received from the
archbishop the sceptre, with the cross, and afterwards the sceptre, with the dove, into his left
hand • and the marquis did afterwards support his Majesty's right hand, as occasion required.

The archbishop then set the crown upon his Majesty's head, about half an hour after three
o'clock, amidst the acclamations of an iniiuite number of spectators; upon which the Peers put
on their coronets, the Dukes of Normandy and Acquitaine their hats ; the Bishops, Knights
of the Bath, and Judges, their caps, and the Kings of Arms their crowns.

Then the archbishop presented the Bible, and pronounced the benediction ; and his Majesty
kissed the bishops kneeling before him.

While "Te Deum" was singing, his Majesty was enthroned; whereupon the bishops per-
formed their homage, and then the temporal lords ; first his Royal Highness the Duke of York,

(a) Stat. 1 Gul. i Mar. cap. 6.

and

APPENDIX. xxvii

and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, each for himself. Then the Duke of Devon-
shire, Lord Chamberlain, pronounced the words of homage for all the dukes; the Marquis of
Rockingham, for the marquisses ; Earl Talbot, Lord High Steward, for the earls ; Viscount Say
and Sele, for the viscounts ; and Lord Henley, Lord Chancellor, for the barons ; every peer,
likewise, taking ofF his coronet, touched the King's crown, and kissed his left cheek.

During the homage, his Majesty delivered the sceptre, with the cross, to the Marquis of
Rockingham (officiating as Lord of the Manor of Worksop) to hold.

In the mean time, medals of his Majesty and the Queen were thrown about by the Treasurer
of the Household ".

The Coronation of his Majesty being finished, the Queen removed from her seat on the south
side of the area to a chair placed before the altar, and was anointed, (four ladies holding a pall
over her Majesty) and afterwards invested with the ring, and crowned by the archbishop ; upon
which the peeresses put on their coronets. The archbishop theii delivered the sceptre into her
right hand, and the ivory rod into her left.

Their Majesties then made their second oblation, and received the Communion ; and the final
prayers being read, they retired into St. Andrew's Chapel, where they were invested with their
royal robes and crowns of state.

After the ceremony, which lasted six hours, a procession was made back to Westminster-hall,
in the same order as before, except that the regalia, prebends, and choirs did not return, and
that the Marquis of Rockingham attended his Majesty to support his right arm.

On the Queen's entrance iiito the Hall, three thousand wax lights were all lighted in less than
five minutes. Their Majesties soon after retired into the Court of Wards, till dinner was ready,
and then, sitting in their chairs of state, the first course was brought up with the usual ceremony,
his Royal Highness the Duke of York, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, sitting
at the end of the table, on his Majesty's right hand, and her Royal Highness the Princess Au-
gusta, at the other end of the table, on the Queen's left hand.

Before the second course the Champion was brought up, betv^cen the High Constable and
the Earl Marshal, followed by four Pages, and preceded by the Herald, who pronounced the
Challenge, the Champion's two Esquires, with his lance and target, two Serjeants at Arms, and
the trumpets ; the Knight Marshal going before to clear the passage.

Immediately after the return of the Champion, Garter King of Arms, attended by the rest of
the Heralds, proclaimed his Majesty's stile in Latin, French, and English, three several times,
first upon the top of the steps, near the table ; next in the middle of the Hall ; and lastly at the
bottom of the Hall.

The second course was then served up in the same order as the first. The. several services,
which had been allowed by the Court of Claims, were performed ; and his Majesty was pleased,
after dinner, to confer the honor of knighthood upon John Bridge, Esq. Standard Bearer,
and Owen Jones, Esq. Senior Gentleman of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, and Charles
Townley, Esq. Clarencieux King of Arms.

(a) Tho&e of the Qncen had on one side a lialf length On the other side her Majesty at full length, with a
of her Majesty, and in the exergue tliese words : Seraph placing a crown on her head ;• the exergue
" CHARLOTTA D. G. K, v^TR, ET iiiBER. REGINA." " Qv^siTVM MERlTis," i.e. obtained by merit.

4U All

xxviil APPENDIX.

All the way of the procession was lined with crowded scaffolds, and the Abbey also was as
full and gay as possible. The royal dinner was most magnificent, and the number of spectators,
richly dressed, almost incredible. Lord Ligonisr, as commanding officer of the guard on duty,
had a small tent fixed on the left side of the platform, in Old Palace-yard, where he paid his
salute to their Majesties as they passed in procession ; G800 of the foot guards were on duty all
the time ; Sir John Mordaunt's light horse patrolled the streets all the day and night to prevent
disorders, and Sir Robert Rich's dragoons were placed at Charing-Cross, St. James's-square,
and in the Park at the end of George-street, for the same purpose : the new royal standard was
hoisted at the Tower ; all the ships in the River displayed their flags, &c. ; all the streets were
illuminated in the evening, and there was an entire stagnation of all sorts of business.

A little before the procession began, proceeded that of her Royal Highness the Princess
Dowager of Wales, from the House of Lords, across Old Palace-yard, on a platform erected
for that purpose, to the south cross of Westminster Abbey. She was led by the hand by his
Royal Highness Prince William Henry ^, dressed in white and silver ; her train, which was of
silk, was but short, and therefore was not borne by any person, and her hair flowed down her
shoulders in hanging curls. She had no cap, but only a circlet of diamonds.

The rest of the Princes and Princesses, her Highness's children, followed in order.

His Royal Highness Prince Henry Frederick*, also in white and silver, holding his sister the
Princess Louisa Anne ", dressed in a slip, with hanging sleeves. Then

His Royal Highness Prince Frederick William ■*, likewise in white and silver, handing his
youngest sister, the Princess Caroline Matilda", dressed also in a slip, with hanging sleeves.

Both the young Princesses had their hair combed upwards, which was contrived to lie flat at
the back of their heads, in an elegant taste.

The other persons who made up the remainder of this pi'ocession, were those who Iwd not
a right to walk willi their Majesties.

The procession was closed by the three INlahometan Ambassadors, then at the court, in the
proper dresses of their country ; having their turbans of fine muslin on their heads, and long
gowns of flowered and laced silk ; dieir sabres were crimson, and in each of them were inclosed
a dagger and poniar-d.

The great diamond in his Majesty's crown fell out in returning to Westminster Hall, but was
immediately found and restored.

(a) The late Duke of Gloucester. (d) Since deceased.

(b) The late Duke of CuiiiberJand. (c) The late Queen of Denmark.

INDEX

TO TUB

NAMES OF PLACES.

AbBEFORD, Oxf. Page 219

Abergavenny, Castle of, Wales, 336

Abington,Xainbr. 97*

Acton, Bucks, 269

Acton, Midd. 408

AddingtoD, Snrr. 50

Agmondeshani, Bucks, 569

Alcester, Warvv. 106

Aid Elvet, Durh. 40S!

Aldford, Chesh. 625

Alesbniy, Bucks, 197

Alnwick, Nortliumb. 586

Airedale, Cunib. 245

Andevere, or Andover, Hants, 569

Angortby, Lane. 255

Angrc Parva, Essex, 446

A pelderliam, Sussex, 471

Apse, Surr, 285

Ardeley, Essex, 275

Ardley, Heref. 592

Ashbornc, Derb. 614-

Asbburton, Devon. 649

Ashcby Marsh, Northampt. 286

Ashclec, Norf. 64

AshUy, , 185

Ashton, Chesb. 46S
Ashvpell Hall, Essex, 193
Aslabie, Yorksli. 236
Astley, Warvv. 413
Aston, Oxf. Ill*
Aston-Bernard, Bucks, 2G8
Aston-Cantlow, Warw. 123
Aston-Cliiiton, Bucks, 108*
Atbewyk, now Adwick-upon-Derne,

Yorksh. 385
Attertun, Kent, 76
Aukland, Duili. 343

Ankland, Bishops, Durh. Page 347

Aukland, West, Durh. 363

Aure, Glouc. 106*

Auri, Devon. 149

Aylcneton, Heref. Ill*

Aylesbury, Bucks, 180. 215

Aylmerton, Norf. 621

Azors Manor, Bcddington, Surr. 323

Babingworth, Essex, 331
Badew, Essex, 143
Bainton, Yorksh. 102
Bakton, Devon, 216
Baldock, Hertf. 607
Balsham, Warw. S29
Banbury, Oxf. 410
Banningham, Norf. 113
Bardolfe in Addington, Surr. 51
Barking, Essex, 283. 492
Barncby, Yorksh. 176
Barnes, Surr. 639
Barnstable, Devon. 178
Barton, or Berton, Nottingh. 272
Batfersea, Surr. 623
Battle Abbey, Sussex,^ 489
Baumberghe, Northumb. 304
Beckeworthe, East, Surr. 431
Beckingham, Line. 152
Beddiugton, Home, Surr. 323
Bedminster, Dorsetsh. 560
Bekcsbourne, Kent, 101* j
Benham, Berks, 184. 234
Benham,. Glouc. 430
Bentlcgh, Hants, 121
Bentley, Yorksh. 333
Bericote, Warw. 231
Berkcnhead Abbey, Cbcsb. 303

Eerkholt, Suff. Page 182
Bermeton, Durh, 451
Bery, Devon. 463
Bicknor, Glouc. 257
Bickton, Shropsh. 491
Billingelay, Y'orksh. 208
Bilsington,, Kent, 56
BinstOD, Norf. 307
Biscopestre, — — , 191
Bishop's Aukland, Durh. .347
Bishop's Castle, Shropsh. 446
Biwell, Northumb. 99
Blachington, Sussex, 120
Blackmorc Forest, Dors, Sii
Bladene, Oxf. 280
Blakeston, Durh. 355
Blanford Ryan, Dors. 177
Blebury, Berks, 405
Blechesdon, Oxf. 97*
Blofield, Norf. 631
Bockhampton, Berks, 100*. 209
Boghton, or Broughton, Oxf. 267
Bokhampton, Berks, 234
Bondby, Line. 74
Borebach, Wilts, 246
Bosbury, Heref. 486
Boseham, Sussex, 193. 337
Bosele^ Chesh. 228
Boyton, Essex, 235
Bradbrugge, Sussex, 303
Bradeford, Wilts, 170
Bradeham, Hants, 163
Bradeley, Line. 151
Bradelcy, Staff. 102
Bradepole, Dors. 127
Bradford, Wiltsh. 562. 588
Bradford, Yorksh. 448
Bradwcll, Essex, 172. 443
Braithwell, Yorksh. 433
4U3 Brambelegh,

INDEX.

Brambelegh, or Bromley, IMidd. Page

49. 103
Braunstou, Northampt. 566
Bray, Berks, 205
Brayles, Warw. 461
Bridebroke, Essex, 226
Bridgenorth, Shropsli. 313
Bridshall, Staff. 391
Brigstock, Northampt. 608
Brill, Bucks, 197
Brimington, Derb. 456
Brincston, Chesh. or Dors. 125
Brinnington, Cliesh. 444
Brocolmstow, Nottingh. 178
Brodeham, Bevon. 216
Brodgate Park, Lcic. 426
Brokenerst, Hants, 127. 180
Brom, Suff. 95
Brome, Kings, Warw. 313
Brook House, Yorksli. 432
Brotherton, Yorksh. 324
Broughton, Line. 452
Brug, or Burg, Sliropsli. 482
Bruge, Little, Shropsh. 159
Bruham, Bedf. 149
Brunesleg, Nottingh. 178
Brunnesley, Nottingh. 143
Bryanston, Dors. 125
Buckenham, Norf. ^1
Budworth, Chesh. 462
Builth, Radn. 49 1
Bnlewell, Nottingh. 142

Buram, Kent, 292

Burcester, Oxf. 283. 495

Burdelbyn-Sculton, Norf. 63

Bure-Ferrers, Cornw. 289

Bures, Essex, 183. 303

Burford, Oxf. 512

Burford, Shropsh. 166

Burge, Derby. 277

Burgli-on-the-Sands, Cumb. 96

Biirgham, Kent, 335

Burnham Depedale, Norf. 408

Burstall olitn Borestall, Bucks, 243

Burton, Nottingh. 381

Bin-ton, Sussex, 339

Bury St. Edmunds, Suff. 411. 601

Butlers, alias Herewards, Norf. 490

Buxton, Norf. 98*

Bynedon, Cornw. 499

Cabilia, Cornw. 84. 86
Caldecote, Norf. 25
Calistoke, Cornw. 469
Camberwell, Surr. 448

Cambridge, Cambr. Page 78
Camay, Island of, one of the He-
brides, 616
Cannok, Forest of, Suff. 253
Carlcoats, Yorksh. 439
Carleton, Nottingh. 145
Carleton juxta Roihwell, Yorksh. 455
Carlisle, City of, 320
Carlton, Norf. 192
Casham, Hants, 121
Cashiobury, Hertf. 624
Castle Camps, Cambr. 16
Castle Cary, Somers. 124
Castle Rising, Norf. 102*. 333
Catteshill, Surr. 212
Cawstoii, Norf. 457
Chagford, Devon. 649
Chakcndon, Oxf. 518
Charidon, Forest of, Wilts, 174
Charlton, Little, Kent, 457
Charlton, Staff. 405
Cheddick, Oxf. 116
Chelsea, Midd. 410
Chenes, Surr. 64
Cherburgh, Dors. 174
Chesham, Bucks, 204
Cheshanger, Norf. 109*
Chester, City of, 201. 453
Chester, City and County of, 523
Chester, County Palatine of, 308
Chesterton, Warw. 242
Chettington, Shrop. 122
Chewtou Mendip, SoniersetsU. 639

Chichester, Sussex, 156

Chilton, Somers. 196

Chingford, Essex, 406. 453

Chinting, Sussex, 119

Chippenham, Wilts, 583

Chirk Castle, Denb. 651

Cholmer, Essex, 665

Chyngelford, Essex, 332

Claydon, Bucks, 157

Clehungre, Heref. 285

Clifton, Westmorl. 459

Clumber, Nottingh. 387

Clun, Shropsh: 515. 561. 573. 577

Clymeslond, Cornw. 466

Clyxby, Line. 205

Coiety, Glamorg. 456

Coleshill, Warw. 512

Colewyke, or Over-Colewick, Not-
tingh. 150

Colne, Earls, Essex, 16

Comb Keines, Dorsetsh. 631

Comberton, Cambr. 272

Comelessend, Hants, 261

Conelcsfeld, Wilts, 246

Congresbnry, Somers. Page 636
Coningston, Leic. 281
Conway Castle, Caernarv. 322
Coperland, Kent, 76
Coringham, Essex, 395
Cornwall, County of, 6t)0
Cote, Oxf. Ill*
Cotes, Derb. 233
Coteswolds, Glouc. 578
Cotingham, Yorksh. 105*
Cotom, Durh. 368
Cottington, Nottingh. 137
Cranmore, East, 411
Crendon, Bucks, 462
Cresby, Lane. 226
Creswell, Berks, 72
Cuckwold, Yorksh. 416
Cukeney, Nottingh. 293
Cumberton, Cambr. 185. 195
Cunibes, Surrey, 298

Daggeworth, Suff. 171

Dalemayn, Cumb. 447

Dal ton, Yorksh. 217

Dancing, now Dengy, Essex, 665

Danygate, Yorksh. 227

Daitmore, Forest of, Devon. 150,

151. 173
Degemue, Cornw. 287
Delamere, Forest of, Chesh. 251
Denbigh, Town of, Wales, 42
Denever, Caermarth. 566
Derby, County of, 611
Dertraore, Forest of v. Dartmore
Dodbroke, Devonsh. 575
Doncaster, Yorksh. 565
Dorchester, Dorset. 291
Dore, Derb. 382
Dover, Kent, 291. 611
Downhall, Cambr. 97*
Drakelow, Derb. 147
Droscumbe, Devon. ISO
Drycot, Staff. 391
Dunelshe, Dors. 396
Dunmow, Essex, 223. 519
Dunstable, Bcdf. 270
DuntOD, Norf. 274
Durham, Bishopriek of, 504
Durham, City of, 286. 360. 443
Dylew, or Dylwin, Heref. 425

Earls Colne, Essex, 16
Easington, Durh. 353
East Becheworthe, Surr. 431

East

INDEX.

East Cranmore, Somers. Page 411

East Gareston, Berks, 99. 103

East Ham, Essex, 65

East Hendred, Berks, 282

East Rudham, Norf. 5J0

East Sinithfield, Lend. 130

East Wordham, Hants, 74..

Eastbrig, Kent, 263

Eastlcy, Shropsh. 164

Eecles, Norf. 623

Ecclesfield, Yorksh. 588

Echemendon, Shropsh. %S0

Edburton, Backs, 194

Edgeware, Midd. 442. 45S. 623

Eggefield, Lane. 319

Eglosderi, Cornw. 287

Egmund, Shropsh. ^63

Egremont Castle, Ciimb. 167

Eldresfeld, Wore. 463

Elerkey, Cornw. 261

Elkesley, Nottingh. 433

Elmesale, Yorksh: 209 '

Elston, Nottingh. 193

Elvet, Aid, Diirh. 402

Elvct, New, Durh. 409

Elyng, Hants, 222

■Enborne, East and West, Berks, 480

Enfield, Midd. 246

Ensham, Gxf. 313

Epping, Eppinges, Essex, 73. 332

Eresby, Line. 34S

Esegarston, Berks, 103*

Esperett, Sotners. ^77

Esseburn, now Ashbome in the Peak,

Derb. 514
Esseby, Northampt. -78
ilssington, Staff. 44<)
Estly, Southampt. 99*
Eston, Oxf. 215. 222
Estwerldham, Hants, 102*
Eton, Bucks, 269

Ewe, County 0% in Normandy, 157
Exeter, City of, 569. 604
Exraore, Forest of, Devon. 149
Exmore, Somers. 314
Eystau, or Eston, Essex, 65. 196

Faintro, Shropsh. 175^

Farlesworth, Lane. 336

Fede, Hants, 226

Felstede, or Falstede, Essex, 136

Fernhatn, alias Farnham-Royal,

Bucks, 45
Fife, Scotland, 61
Tincbingfleld, Essex, 194

FincMey, Midd. Page 451

Fingret, alias FiJigrey, Essex or

Cambr. 43
Fingreth, Essex, 15
Fiskerton, Nottingh. 479
Flamsted, Htrtf. 334
Fleet Prison, Lond. 224
Follingham, Line. 158
Fordiugbridgc Hundr. Hants, 113
Foteburne, Line. 158
Fonlbeck, Line. 456
FroUeUury, Hants, 184. 246
Fromynton, Heref. 305
Fulham, Midd. 401
Fuhner, Berks, ^il^

G«

Gareston, East, Berks, 99. 103
Gargawell, Cornw. 412
Gatesdene Magna, Heitf. 461
Gateshill, Surrey, 210
Gidding.Magna, Huntingd. 23G
Gignes, alias Ging-Reginae, Essex -or

Canibr. 43
Gillingham, Kent, 590
Gillingham, Somers. 254
Gimmingham, Norf. 441. 454
Gissag, Dors. 152
Glapton, Northampt. 219
Glastonbury, Somers. 409
Glentworth, Line. 225
•Gloucester, City of, 314
Gloucester, County of, 628
Goswick, Durh. 374
Gotham, Nottingh. <504
Goulthorp, Yorksh. 508
Gower, Glamorg. 611
Gradele, Line. 173
Grafton, Wilts, 165
Great Gidding, Hnntingd. 239
Great Tey, Essex, 484
Great Useworth, Durh. 366
Greencroft, Durh. 354
Greens Norton, Northampt. 284
GrendoD,, Bucks, 460
Grendon, Heref. 500
Grenocle, Sussex, 289
Gressenhale, Noi-f. 493
Gressingham, Lane. 275
Grimston, Norf. 492
Grishawe, Norf. 61
Guedding, Cambr. 112*. 262
Guildford, Surrey, 98*. 208. 329. 600
Gunulthwaite, now Gunthwaite,

Yorksh. 435
Gyncldall, Nortlf, Yorksh. 167

Habyrdori, in Bury, Suff, Page 602
Haddenham, Bucks, 585
Haddon, West, Northampt. 593
Hale, Northampt. 106*
Hallaton, Leic. 626
Hallingbury, Essex, 273, 313
Halton, Chesh. 380. 578
Ham, Midd. 563
Hampslap, Bucks, 101*
Hampton, Heref. 487
Hamstead Marshal, Berks, 34
Hanlcgh, Suff. 221
Hants, County of, 680
Harkereet, Shropsh. 169
Harlefield, Glouc. 23, 24
Harrow on the Hill, Midd. 583
Hartlepool, Durh. 505
Hashwell, Essex, 93
Hastings, Sussex, 290
Hatfield, olim Hethfeld, Essex, 253
Hatfield Broad Oalc, Essex, 32S
Hathersedge, Derbysh. 564
Havering, Essex, 182
Haversholme, Cumb. 306
Haured, West, Berks, 189
Hawardyn, Chesh. 228
Hecham, Norf. 485. SOO
Heckington, Derb; 175
Hedsor, Bucks, 444
Heighington, Durh. 378
Hemingston, Suff. 75
H«mmingeford, Canibr. 179
Hendred, East, Berks, 282
Henley, Warw. 197
Henreth, West, Berks, 206
Hereford, City of, Heref. 204. 216.

304. 517
Hereford, County of, 567
Herlham, Norf. 113
■Herst-Faucover, Kent, 275
Hertlegh, Hants, 75
Hertrug, Berks, 264
■Heschin, Lane. 112*
Heston, Midd. 322
Heurst, Berks, 494
Heydon, Essex, 47
Highbury, Midd. 569
Hightesty, Northampt. 237
Hildsley, Berks, 415
Hindi-ingham, Norf, 491
Hinkley, Leicest. 3
Ho, Ess^x, 186
Hochangre, Hants, 120
Hock-Norton, or Hoke-NortOn, Oxf.

335

Hockynden,

INDEX.

Hockyndeii, Kent, Page 407

Hodiiet, Shropbli. llij

Hokc-iSorfon, Oxf. 74 "^

Holbroe, Derb. 537

Hole, Devon. 149

Holicote, Sorners. 295

Holland, Little, Essex, 187

Home Reddington,. Surrey, 323

Hornet, in Normandy, 147

Hook, Dorsetsli. 573

Hope, Derb. 2-55

Hornmede, Hcrtf. 75

HorsepsU, Nottingli. 476.

Horwood, Lane. 461

Hotlificld, Kent, 403

Hoton, CumU. 77

Hoton, Diuh. 373.

Hoton Roef, AVestmarL 340

Honghton, Leic.499

Hucknall-Torcard, Nottingh. 26&

Hungerford, Berks, 178

Hunslielfe, par. of Peniston, Yorksh.

432
Huntingdon, Staff. 253
Huntingdon, County of, 3t2
Huntlcshanij Suff. 276
Hutton-Coiiyers, Yorksli. jjj
Huxthorn, Berks, 110*
Hynton, Noiitliampt. 331
Hywislie, Wilts, 17a

I. J.

Jersey, the Island of, 638.

Ikenham, Midd. 109

Ilnier, Bucks, x'72

Inimerc, Wilts, 105*

Irchinfield, Heref. 632

Isledon Berners, or Berneis^bor),

aiidd. j6&
Isk'liam, Canib. 446
IslewortU, Midd. 632
Islington, Midd. 403. 56a

Kedelinton, Hants, 168
Kclvedon, Essex, 331
Kenninghall, Nqrf. 57
Kenuingtan, .Surrey, 637
Kensenton, Oxf. 16
Kent, County of, 597. 608. 609
Kent, Wealds of, 454
Kenton, Devon. 621
Kcttilberston, Suff. 39
.Kibworth-Beauchamp, Leic. 66
Kidderuiiatter, Worccst, 574

Kidlington, Oxf. Page 508
Kidwelly, Caerniarth. 87
Rierkeby, Wcstinorl. 97
Kileby, Line. 279
Kilnierston, Somers. 481
Kinderton, Cheeli. 510
Kingesliam, Gloucest. 67
Kingeston, Heref. 304
Kings-Brome, Warw. 313
Kings Stanford, Heref. 296
Kingston Russel, Dorset, 93*. 135
Kinwaldmersb, Derb. 132
Knelton-Ollevrthin, Shropsh. 331
Knutsford, Cbesh. 5/7
Kyngesham, Sussex, 172
Kyngeston, Heref. 225

La Barr, Devon. 150

Lakestoke, Wilts, 174

La Lee, Chesh. 228

Lanibourn, Essex, 3"t

Lancaster, tbe Town of, 96. 207.

302
Langcley, Oxf. 959
Langholmc in Eskdale, Scotland, 611
Langley, Shropsh. 275
Langwath, Yorksh. 393
Lanton, Heref. 143
La Oke, Hescf. 305
La.strcs, Heref. 412
Laton, Dinli. 445
Lavehain, Suff. 16
La\enliani, Suff. 440
Launceston, Cornw. 94
Laxton, Northampt. 260
Lechampton, Norf. 100*
Ledercilc, now Leatherhead, Surrey,

221
Legrc, E.«ex, 91. 137
Leicester, City of, 333
Lempster, Heref. 599
Lenyngburn, Kent, 288
Lesto, Kent, 224
Leston, Chesh. 228
Lestwitliiel, Cornw. 574. 595
LetteucUe, Vorksh. 38S
Levington, Yorksh. 432
Leuneston, Devon. 17S
Leue, Lewes, Oxf. 117. 279
Lewes, Sussex, 570
Leyhani, Suff. 202
Lidingcland, Hundred of, Suff. 319
Lighthorn, Warw. 312
Lilleston, Midd. 186
Lincoln, City of, 341. 433

Lincoln Cathedral, Page SOS-
Lincoln, County of, 237
LindcshuU, Hants, 183
Listen, Essex, 54. 302
Little Charlton, Kent, 437
Little Holland, Essex, 187
Little Messenden, Bucks, 204
Little Singleton, Lane. 21'9
Little Useworth, Durh. 367
Lodebrook, Warw. 513
London, 599
Longedon, Warw. 167
Losebcrg, Hundred of, Dors, 15&
Loston, Devon. 150
Lostwitbiel, Cornw. 574. 595
Lotliesly, Surrey, 210. 211
Lovinton, Sussex, 201
Lound, N.ottingh. 387
Lowlyn, Durh. 373
Ludewell, 0.\f. 207
Luffenham, Rutl. 75
Lymbury's, Cambr. 440^
Lyndeby, Nottingh. 188
Lyndeshulue, Hants, 104*
Lystou, Devon. 287

Madeley, Staff. 102

Magna Gatesdene, Hertf. 461

Maiden, Maldon, Essex, 237. 440.

566
Mailing, South, Kent, 454. 508
Man, Isle of, 39. 583. 593
Manefene, Line. 226
Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottingh. 258.

312
Alapcrdesliale, Bedf. 92
Maplescaump, Kent, 281
Marden, Heref. 294
Marham, Norf. 589
Marlborojigh, Wrilts, 585.
Marston, Heref. 299
Mawardyn, Heref. 297
Mayford, Surr. 108
Mekesburgh, now Mexburgli, Yorksh.

386
Mcndippe Hills, Somers. 371
Menestokes, Hants, 168
Jlerdeselde, Leic. 228
Blerphull, Chesh. 99*
Mertok, Somers. Ill
Messenden, Little, Bucks, 204
Middelton, Lillebon, Wilts, 258
Middlesex, County of, 338
MiddletoD, Hundred of, Kent, 67.

565

Middleton

INDEX.

Middleton Cheney, or Chenduit,

Nortliainpt. Page 576
Midelinton, Oxf. 206
Midleton, Lane. 462
Midlovcnt, Sussex, 193
Midrigg, Durh. 358
Millan, Norf. 571
Milton, Kent, 621
Hitcham, Surr. 222
Molesey, Siirr. 93
Molcshani, Suff. 160
Montgomery, Town of, 509
Morden, Heref. 223
More, Shropsh. 106*. 317. 332
Morcton, Nottingh. 479
Mortimer, Kent, 165
Morton, Cornw. 261
Morton, Essex, 109. 118
Morton, West, Durh. 348
Moulton, Sautb, olim Snow MouUon,
Devon. 449

Nakerton, Line. 226
Narborough,- Norf. 95
Nedding, SufF. 33
Nethcrcot, Oxf. 130
Nether Overton, Oxf. 130
Nettlebcd, Oxf. 220
Neuton Reign, Cumb. 162
Newbigging, Yorksh. 465
"Newburgh, Shropsh. 204.
New College, Oxf. 592
New Elvet, Dnrh. 402
Nevrington Butts, Surr. 196
Newnham, Gloiic. 23, 24
Newport, Shropsh. 263
Newton Sermanvile, Soiners. 199
Nicvcton, Somers. 461
NiTOcntoB, Oxf. 207
Norfolk, County of, 565. 599
Norham, Northumb. 345
Northampton, Town of, 313
Northamptonshire, 91
Korth Gyncldall, Yorksh. 167
North Welsliam, Norf. 453
Northampton, County of, 592
Norton, Essex, 158
Norwich, City of, 3)5
Nottingham, Town of, 229
Nuttel, Haijts, 102*

Ogres, or Owres, Dors. 195
Okcham, Rutl. 572

Okenardson, Hants, Page 168

Oketon, Yorksh. 217

Ongar, AVardstaff of the Hundred of,

Essex, 326
Orleton, Hcref. 481
OrtonParva, Oxf. I<j9.
Osberton, Notlingh. 384
Oswelbeck Soke, Nottingh. 563
Ovenhellc, Kent, 91
Overton, Nethei-, Oxf. 130
Oxenhale, Durh. 350
Oxenhoath, Kent, 447
Oxspring, Yorksh. 443

Paddington, Midd. 636
Padeworth, Berks, 296
Pamber, Hants, 639
Papworth Anncys, Cambr. 282
Parva Orton, Oxf. 169
Patton, Wilts, 259
Peak of Derbyshire, 624
Pcckham, Kent, 266
Peggcnes, Somers. 110*
Pelawe, Durli. 440
Pembroke, Castle of, Wales, 42
Pencher, Durh. 362
Pencoit, Cornw. 87
Pencomb, Heref. 593
Pcngcvcl, Cornw. 129
Peukelly, Cornw. 82

Pennington, , 563

Perton, Staff. 175

Pighteslcy, Northampt. 230

Pinley, Warw. 312

Planswojth, Dnrh. 376

Plimpton, Devon, 458

Plorapton, Warw. 318

Pokerley, Durh. 4.i8

Pole, Cumbtrl. 146

Polcy, Warw. 272

Pollington, Yorksh. 580

Ponthop, Durh. 284

Popenhow, Norf. 638

Porchester, Borough of, Hants, 122

Porseaundel, Dors. 235

Poyle, Manor of, in Guildford, Surr.

211
Presthill, Durh. 442
Prestwich, Lane. 336
Pukerclcston, Somers. 179
Pusey, Berks, 282. 319
Pushill, Oxf. 185

QueenhuII, Wore. 255

Queen's College, Oxf. Page 587
Quycham, now Wickhara, Durh. 352

Raby, Durh. 404
Radeclyve, Nottingh. m7
Raghton, Cumb. 265
Rakey, Norf. 189
Ramsey Abbots, Norf. 638
Ratby, Leieest. 562
Rav£Usworll), Durh. 434
Redburgh, Hants, 171
Keden Court, Essex, 20p
Redenhall, Norf. 266
Rcdworth, Dnrh. 377
Refhop, Durh. 357
Reigate, Surr. 431
Renham, Midd. 109
Renenhall, Essex, 106
Richmond, Surr. 637
Riddesdale, Northumb. 241
Rillaton, Cornw. 227
Ripon, Yorksh. 561. 644
Rivenhall, Essex, 167
Rochester Priory, Kent, 315
Rochford, Essex, 505
Rode, Nortliampt. 142
Rodcley, Glouc. 415. 598
Rollcston, Nottingh. 447
Rollindrich, Oxf. 102*
Romenhalle, Essex, 458
Ronneham, Norf. 203
Rothley, Lcic. 596
Rndliam, Norf. 607
Rudham, East, Norf. 510
Runhaui, Norf. 190
Rycgate, Surr. 563

Sadberg, Durh. 376

Saint Briavcls, Glouc. 2S9, 260

Saint John of Jerusalem, Manor o^

Midd. 568
Saint Stephen's Parish, Hertf. 624
Saling, Essex, 266
Samford Peverell, Devon. 158
Sandiacre, Dcrb. 280
Satlierton, Lane. 307
Saundford, Devon. 103
Savoy, London, 171
Saxby Bondby, Line. 460
Scargerthoi-p, Line. 152
Scepcrdeslond, Bucks, 307
Schipton, Glouc. 184
Schurneton, Durh. 362
Sciredun, Devon. 151

ScotlaiiiJj

INDEX.

Scotland, Marshes of^ Page 608

Scrivelsby, Line. 67

Sculton, Noif. 63

Seaport Towns, 288-

Scaton, Kent, 233

Sedgeley, Staffordsh. 664

Selford, Cambr. 341

Selneston, Northanipt. 202

.Setene, or Beaton,. Kent, 232

Shcldeburnc,, Berks, 278

Shaldfortli, Durh.. 352

Sheen, now Richmond, Surr. 110*

Sheffield, Yorksh. 238. 381

Slielfhangcr, Norf. 90

Shenley, Hertf. 337

Sliirefield, Hants, 79. 214

Shorn, Kent, 88

ShouWham, Norf. 401

Shrewsbury, Salop, 76. 639. 646

Shrivenliam, Berks, 108*

Sibertoft, Northanipt. 92. 115

Singleton-Parva,^ Lane. 219

Siplegh, Devon. 151

Skeftyaton, Lcic. 306

Skie, Isle of, Scotland, 613

Slapton, Devon. 319

Slapton, West, Devon, 62a

Sloley, Wanv. 115

Smallies, Diirh. 372

Smitiificld,. East, London, ISO-

Snytcrby, Line. 153

SockhuFn, Durh. 344

Softley, par, of Peniston,. Yorksh.

433
Sokyrton, Dnrh, 369
Soraerton Parva, Dors. 97*
Somerton, Somers. 594
Sottebroc, Berks, 301
Southauton, Dors. 224
South Mailing, Kent, 454. 508
South Moulton, Devon. 449
Southwark, Borough of, Surr. 25T
Southwell, Nottingh. 619
Springsend, Essex, 140
Stafford, Town of, Staff. 78. 102. 340
Stamford, Line. 415
Stanbriggs, Bedf. 279
Standebury, Berks, 264
Stanesby, Derby sh. 276
Stanfforde, Heref. 256. 30a
Stanhope, Durh. S48
Stanhow, Norf. 232
S"tanlake, Oxf. 512
Stanle, Norf. 100*
Stanton, Wilts, 109*
Stapeley, Hants, 113
Stapelton, Glouc. 218

Stapelton, Somers. Page 62

Stapleherst, Kent, 317

Staveley, Derb. 124

Stannten, Oxf. 80

Stene, Nortbampt. 334

Stert, Somers. 191

Stockwood, Dorset, 564

Stoke, Gloue. 129

Stokclynoh-O'strieer,. Somers. 458'

Stoke Wake, Dors. 410-

Stoneley, Warw. 489

Stoney Aston, Somers. 190-

Stow, Cambr. 183

Strafford, Wapentake of, Yorksh, 137

Strand, House in the, Midd. 333

Streatham, Surr. 621

Strctford, Hund. Oxf. 591

Sturmynster Marshall, Dors» 103*

Surrey, Earldom of,. 309

Sutton, Bedf. 90

Sutton, Chesh. 99*

Sutton, Kent, 224

Sutton, Line 152

Sutton, Shropsh. 302

Sutton-Colfield, Warw. 501

Sutton-Courtenay, Berks, 473

Svvanseombe, Kent, 325'

Swincsllead, Staff. 405'

Swinnerton,, Staff.- 404

Swinton, Yorksh. 208. 316. 589

Sythynge, Norf. 176

Tachebroke, Warw. 470.
Tamworth, Warw. 67
Tamwerth Castle, AVarw. 166
Tatcnluill,, Staff. 391
Taunton, Somersetsh, 572. 636
Taxall, Chesh. Ill*
Temple Tisoc, Warw. 446
Terley Ca.stlc, Staff. 622
Terring, Sussex, 572
Tey-Magna, Essex, 140. 484
Teynton,. Glouc. 242
Thamewcll, Oxf. 298
Theobalds, Hert£ 323
Thettbrd, Norf. 585
Thethercote, Oxfordsh. 116
Thorneton, Bucks, 338
Thornhill, Dors. 403
Thorp Kirby, Essex, 564
Thorpe, Line. 460
Thurcaston, Leic. 450
Thurgarton, Nottingh. 476
Tideswell, Derb. 439
Tineslowe, now Tinsley, Yorksh, 382

TrnmoHtli, Northumb. Page 57>
Tonge, Shropsh.^414
Topcroft, Norf. 61
Torell, Essex, 199
Torkesey, Line. 292
Torpnll, Sussex, 606
Torre, Devon. 481
Tottenham, Midd. 97. 638
Trefford, Durh. 331
Tregon, Cornw. 583
Trunipington,. Essex, 160
Tudderlegh, Hants, 121
Tuderley, West, Hants, 165
Tunbridge, Kent, 400
Turrock, Essex, 241
Turvey, Bedf. 149
Tutbury, Staff. 310. 527
Twickenham, Midd. 635
Twigworth, Gl«uc, 218
Twyford, West, Midd. 409^
Tyley, Dors. 396
Tylmuth, Northumb, 319'

XJ.

Ulphus's Lands, Yorksh, -397
TTpminster, Essex, 235.
Upton, Glouc. 92. 152. 186
Upton, Northampt. 115
Urchenfield, Heref, 518
Urpath, Durh. 369
Useworth, Great, Durh. .366
Fseworlh,. Little, Durh. 367

AVadhiirst, Sussex, 573
Wadsley, Yorksh, 582
Wakefield,, Yorksh. 431. 59&
Waleton, or Walton, Lane, 21»
Wales, Customs in,. 596, 610, 63E
Walkeslaw,. Shropsh. 278
AVallbury, Essex, 325
Wallingford, Berks,- 168. 508
Walsham, North, 453
Walsoken, Ramsey Abbots, or Po-

penhow,. Norf. 638
Waltham,.Essex, 73. 199
Walthamstow Tony, Essex, 9t
Walton, Essex, 564
Wanstede, Sonthampt. 101*
Wargrave, Berks, 376
Warham, [Wareham] Dorset. 514
Warlingham, Surr. 691
Warneford, Hants, 268
Warwick, Warw. 100*
Waterhall, Bucks, tig

Wath-

INDEX.

Vll

Wath-nptin-Dcrne, Yorksh. Page 589

Watton, Hertf. 129

Waussingel,. Cambr. 177

Wealds of Kent, 454

Weldon, Northampt. 254

Welington, Shropsh. 259

Wells, Dois. 195

Wells, Norf. 627

Wellwyn, Hevtf. 274

Wessyngton, Durh. 371

WestAnkland,Dnrh. 365

Westcourte, Wilts. 161

Westcurt, Surr. 153

West Haddon, iJorthampt. 593

West Haured, Berks, 189

Westhenreth, Berks, 206

West Morton, Durh. 348

West Peckham, Kent, 273

West Slapton, Dev»n. 628

West Tuderley, Hants, 165

West Twyford, Midd. 409

Westiiderle, Hants, 163

Wethersfield, Essex, 66. 16*

Whichnor, Staff. 387

Whickham, thirh. 399

Whitby, Yorksh. 557

Whitele, Warw. 339

White Hart Forest, Dors. 324 -

White Koding, Essex, 273

Whitewtliinges, Essex, 277

Whitfield, Derb. 252. 262

Wlutlcsea, Isk of £1^, Cambr. 57&

Whittington, Shropsh. Page 313
Whorlton, Yorksh. 397
Wbytenhui-st, Glouc. 23, 24
M'ibreslegh, Chesh. 99*
Wichenour, Staff. 133
WigenRiile, Norf. 600
Wiggeber, Somers. 110*
Wilburgham-Magna, Cambr. 264
Wilcomstowe, Essex, 91
Willaston, Chesh. 450
Willoughby, Nottingh. 143
Wilmington, or WilmintOHjKent, 196,

462
Wilton, Heref. 106
Wilton, Wilts. 292 -
Wilts, County of, 263
Wimbledon, Surr. 630
Wimondley, Hertf. 62
Winchester, Hants, 200
Windebury, Devon. 108
Windesor, Dors^. 216
Windsor, Old, Berks, 170
Winfied, Dors. 50
Wingfield, S'uff. 192
Wjnterborne,Winterbnrn,Wilts. 103*.

207
Winterslew, AVilts. 72
Wirkstoii, Shropsh. 278
Wirral Forest, Chesh. 441
Wisbich, Norf. 574
Witham, Essex, 112*
WivcnhOe. Essex, 494

Wocking, Surr. Page 201
Wodbury, Devon. 173
Wodeham-Mortimer, Essex, 233
Wodhani, Durh. 493
Wolbeding, Sussex, 94
Wolsingbam, Durh. 348
Wolsyngham, Durh. 379
Wolvermerston, Essex flr Cambr.

43
Woodcotc, Hants, 22ff
Woodstock, Oxf. 323
Worksop, Nott. 45
Wormhill, Dcrb. 250
Worthynbury, Flint. 474
Wragby, Line. 627
Wrencholm, Cumberl. HOT
Wrichholme, Chesh. 228
Writtcl, Essex, 194. 252. 565. 572,

597. 600. 608
Wrotham, Norf. 495
Wrotting, Sulf. 113
Wulfelraeston, Essex or Cambr, 43
Wyleweby, Nottingh. 143
Wylington, Somers. 220
Wynford, Dors. 225

Yarmouth,. Norf. 192. 197
York, City of, 229. 307., 405

INDEX

NAMES OF PERSONS.

A CHARD, or Agard, Walter, Page

310
Agard, Nicholas, 310
Aguillon, Sir Robert, 53
Agnillon, AVilliam, 53
Aguillum, Robert, V29
Agyllon, Robert, SO
Aislabie, William, 555
Alan, Silv€stris, 441
Alba-Marlia, Geoffrey do, 173
Albemarle, Margaret, i73
Albemarle, "William de, 108. 150
Albeny, Hugh d", 426
Aldeham, Walter de, 317
Alditheley, Henry de, S!63
Alesbury, William, 197
Alesbury, William de, 180
Alexander III. R. of Scotland, 4»
Allebyr, John de, 213
Allen, Jane, 320
Allen, John, 251
AUington, Lord, 63
AUotson, — — , 557
Almore, John, 638
Almore, Richard, 638
Anable John, 602

Ancastcr, Peregrine, 3d Dnke of, 14
Ancaster, Robert, 1st Duke of, 14
Andrews, Edward, 693
Anjou, Geoffrey, Earl of, 310
Annesley, John, 384
Apetot, Sibilla de, 305
Appleby, John de, 306
Aquarius, Bryan, 252
Aquilon, William, 51
Arblaster, Geoffrey, 216
Archer, Nicholas le, 92. 12?

Arden, John, Page 251
Argentein, Thomas de, 157
Argcntyne, Sir John, 63
Argentync, Reginald de, 52
Argentyne, Sir William, 63
Arley, Rowland de, 15!1
Arundel, Frederick Eail of, 34
Arundel, Henry Frederick Earl of,
Arundel, Robert de Monhaolt, Earl

of, 2'i8
Arundel, Thomas Earl of, 33. 56
Arundell, Jolin de, 94
Aslieby Marsh, John de, 3S6
Aslabie, Guy de, 236
Aslabie, Richard de, 236
Aspervil, Margery de, t'15
Astle, Thonias, 140
Astlcy, Philip de, 413
Atfield, Solomon, 76
Attefeld, Solomon, 76
Attenasse, Nicholas, 223
Aubrey, John, 244
Aubrey, Sir Thomas, 244
Avclers, Bartholomew de, 105*
Averyng, Henry de, 109
Aveyleres, John de, 90
Aungcrin, Walter, 149
Aure, John de, 106*
Aure, Thomas de, 106*
Avylers, Bartholomew de, 95
Aumarle, Elizabeth d', 173
Aumarle, Geoffrey d', 173
Aumarle, Margaret d', 173
Aumarle, Sir William d', 173
Aylemer, John, 471
Aylesbury, Sir Thomas de, 260
Aylet, Boydcn, 445

Babington, Sir Hugh de, 417, 448

Babington, Thomas, 597

Babington, William, 224

Bacon, Roger, 386

Baldwin, Peter, 299. 301

Baliol, Hugh de, 99

Baliol, John de, 319

Bamforth, Thomas, 581

Bardolf, Robert, 221

Bardolf, Thomas, 53

Barnaby, William, 412

Barr, Morinus de la, 150

Barrowby, Mr. 556

liarun, Ralph, 307

Barun, Walter, 295

Baskerville, fam. of, 148

Bassett, Philip, 201

Baud, Sir William le, 395

Bandet, Roger, 171

Bantereanx, William de, 106

Baxman, William, 165

Bay, John le, 234

Baynard, William, 424

Beauchamp, Guy de. Earl of War-
wick, 224

Beauchamp, Stephen de, 233

Beauchamp, Thomas, 75

Beauchamp, Thomas de, 334

Beauch^tnp, Thomas de. Earl of War-
wick, 27. 66. 101*

Beauchamp, Lord William, 46

Beaufort, John, Earl of Somerset, 55

Beaumont, Annabella, 523

Beaumont, Elizabeth, 523

Beaumont, Henrietta, 523

Beaumont, Jane, 523

Beaumont, John Viscount de, 21

Beaumont,

INDEX.

BFanmont, Iiewis,fiish(tp of 'Durham,

Page 349
Becointe, Henry, 442
Beckwith, Waodfield, 433
Bedford, John Duke of, SI
Bedick, Alice, 366
Beestchnrch, John, 451
Bek, William, 288
Befce, William de, 101*
Belesme, Robert de, Earl of Sbrews-

biiry, 313
Belet, Michael, 110*
Bello-Campo, Thomas de, 334
Bellomont, Kobert,,3
Bellovent, John de, 237
Beoks, Edeline de, 229
Berkedich, Thomas de, 198
Berkley, James Lord, 30
Berkley, Thomas Lord, 430
Berkley, William Lord, 30
Berkley, William, Earl of Notting-
ham, 31
Bermeton, Thomas de, 451
Berners, Ralph de, 403. 436, 437
Bernham, Robert, 57
Bertie, Lord Brownlow, aft. Duke of

Ancaster, 14
Bertie, Montagne, Earl of Lind9ey,10
Bertie, Peregrine, Lord Willougbby,

14
Bertie, Robert, Ear) of Lmdaey, 10,

11
Besctt, John, 200
Bet, Richard de, 292
Beth, John de la, 339
Betoigne, Sir David de, 255
Bettoyne, Richard de, 58, 59
Beyll, Thomas de, 373, 374
Beyssin, Adam de, 278
Bigod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, 26
Bigod, AVilliam de, 183
Bilcliffe, James, 436
Bilkemorc, Anastacia de, 161
Bilkemore, Robert dp, 161
Billesby, Andrew, 107*
Billesby, John, 107*
Birteley, John de, 440
Blaokett, Sir Edward, 344, 345
Blackett, Sir William, 344. 346
Blakeston, Roger de, 355
Blackiston, Sir Matthew, 60
Blaveny, Simon' de, 226
Blaykeston, William de, 355
Blondon, or Blount, John, 424
BlundcU, Sir George, 47
Blundcville, Ralph, Earl of Chetter,

623

Blundus, Ralph, Page 285
Blunt, George, 436
Bocer, Robert le, 259

Bocer, William, 259

Bohun, Henry (de. Earl of Hereford,
18

Bohun, Humphrey de, Earl af Hci^-
ford, i8, 19. 22. 25

Bois V. Bosee

Bolinbroke, Henry de, 2S

Bordeaux,. Oliver de, 170

Boscher, , 231

Bo&co, Richer de, 490-

Bosco, Thomas de, 456

Bosco, William de,. 490

Bosville, Francis, 435

BosviUe, Godfrey, 432. 435, 436. 439.
443. 452

Botereus, Reginald de, 167

Botiler, Sir Edward, 74

Bourchier, Sir Thomas, 401

Bonrchier, William Lord, 157

Boyce, John, 60

Boyville, AVilliam de, 245

Bracebrigg, Sir John, 318

Brackenbury, Peter de,, 445

Bradley,. John de, 372

Bradshaw,, John, 461

Brauntesdou, Geoffrey de, 202'

Branntesdon, John de, 20S

Bray, John, 169

Bray, Richard, 169

Breton, John, 499

Brimington, Hugh de, 456

Brimington, William de, 456

Brltaine, Richard, ^9

Brito, AVilliam, 159

Broc, Ranulph de, 212

Broke, Laurence de, 109

Bromhall, Walter de, 15»

Brotherton, Margaret de, .27

Brotherton, Thomas de. Earl of Nor-
folk, 27. 29

Broughton, Sir Robert, 274

Broy, William de, Hi*

Broynton, William de, 285

Bruce, William de, 557. 56a

Brun, Walter le, 333

Brune, Peter, 603

Brunnesley, Gilbert de,. 144

Brunsleg, Gilbert de, 178

Brns, Adam de, 432

Brus, Robert de, 505

Brustvil,, Thomas de, 121

Bryan, Guido de,.89

Brynkley, William, 451

Buckingham, Edward Duke of, £4.-401

Buckingham, Henry Duke of. Page 28

Buffin, William, 179

Bukesgatc, Adam de, 163

Bukesgate,, Richard de, 163

Bulcott, Roger, 521

Biu'don, John, 381

Burgh, AValter de, 189

Burgo, Hubert de, Earl of Kent, 263.

515. 611
Burgo, AValter de, 152
Burnell, Henry, 199
Burnell, John, 199
Burr, Richard, 494
Burton, H. de, 321
Bury, Richard de. Bishop of Durham,

353. 355. 356. 368. 360. 442
Bnsche,. Edmund, 148.
Butery, Loretta de, 375
Butler, ijir Richard, 453
Bygod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, US
Bynedoo, Richard de, 493
Bysmer, Reginald, 331

Cadurcis, Patrick de, 75
Cains, William, 445
Calthorp, John de, 176
Calthorp, William de, 176
Cambridge, Edmund Earl of, 49
Camois, John de, 606
Camois^-the Lord Halph de, 60C'
Camoys, Lords, 606
Campbell, William, 55
Campbell, William Henry, 65
Campis, Solomon de, 76, 77
Camvill, Eustace, 283
Camvill, Richard, 285
Cannon, John, 521
Cantilupe, William tie, 242
Canvill, Geoffrey de, 178
Canute, K. 677
Capella, Bartholomew de, 409
Caperon, William,, 297
Capin, James,'.603
Cardevile, Richard de, .121
Carevile, Richard de, 115
Carlele, Robert de, 363
Carlelle, Cecily de, 362
, Carlelle, Nicholas de, 362
Carlisle,. Ralph Bishop of, 320i
Carnifex, Thomas, 137
Carpenter, John, 323
Carpenter, John, jun. 323
Cauus, Richard, 103, 104
Chadwoith, Robert de, 237
Chamberleyn, Peter le, 175
Chamberleyn, Richard le, ;279
4X2 Chambers,

INDEX.

Chambers, Edmund, Pag* 65
Chamfleur, Matthew dc, 191
Charleton, Daniel de, 457
Charleton, John dc, 457
Charleton, Sir John dc, 169
Chastilon, John de, 338
Chaunceux, Nicholas, 115
Chaworth, Painell fle, 99
Chaworth, Patrick de, 75. 103
Cheney, Bartholomew de, 51, 52
Chester, Hus;h Lupus Earl of, 350
Chester, Ralph Blundevi'Ue Earl of,

523
Chester, Randal Gernouns Earl of,

441
Chester, Ranulph Mcschines Earl of,

231. 441
Chetwode, Peter de, 116
Cliolmondely, George James Earl of,

14
Cithared, Roger, 85
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester,

627
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Pembroke,

26. 424
Clare, Richard de, Karl.of Pembroke,

26
Clarell, William, 386
Clarence, George Duke of, 22
Clarence, Blargar^t DuchMs of, 105*
Clarence,, Thomas Duke of, 4
Clark, Bartholomew, 593
Clerk, Ralph, 399, 400, 434
Clerk, Robert, 283
Clifford, Robert de, 26, 335
Clothale, John de, 102
Clyfton, John de, 61
Clyxby, John de, 205, 206
Cobham, Sir John de, 426
Coggeshale, Ralph de, a86
Coke, Sir Edward, 17. 34. 490
Colevyle, Sir Thomas, 416
Colcwyke, Reginald de, 143i,15Q, 151
Colynson, William, 356
Corapes, Juhri, 194
Condrcy, Peter d«, 296
Constantyn, Geofl'ery, 460
Conycrs, Sir John, 344, 345
Corbet, Roger, 122
Corson, Eustace de, 192
Cornwaile, Jcofry de, 166
Cornwall, Richard Earl of, 166
Cotster, Edmund, 406
Cottcley, John de, 176
Cottelcy, Nicholas de, 176
Couper, Ambrose, i43
Couppmao, John, 363

Courtcnay, Hugh, Page 394
Courtenay, Hugh de, 225
Courtenay, Sir Hugh, 394
Cownall, William, 438
Crabbe, John, 162, 163
Crancumbe, G. de, 515
Crenel, Robert, 462
Crepping, Dionysia de,-ir6
Crepping, Robert de, 176
Cresey, William, 438
Crew, Sir John, 251
Criol, Bertram de, 23'2
Crouchback, Edmund, Earl of Lan-
caster, 310, 311
'Crumwell, Thomas Lord, 609
Cukeney, Thomas de, 294
Cumberland, Henry Earl of, 459
Curtesc, John de, 183
Gurzonn, Thomas, llS

Daggewortb, John de, 171
Daggeworth, Nicholas de, 171
Dald«n, Sir Jordnn dc, 443
Daniel, Sir Richard, 439
Danvers, AVilliam, 254
Darel, Sir Marmaduke, 316
Darlington, Hugh de, 404
Daubeny, John.dc, £7
Delle, Ralphe, 407
Denband, John, 45S
Dcnman, Thomas, 383
Oerby, Richard George Earl of, 12
Derby, K obert 1?crrars Earl of, 537
Derby, William de Ferrers Earl of, 73
Derwine, John, 253
Dcspenser, Hugh le, 74. 99*
Despenscr, Adam le, 100*
Devercux, Robert, Earl of Essexy S2
Devonshire, Eart of, 529
Docket, Margaret, 302
Doily, Sir John, 336
Dona, William de, 44S
Done, Henry, 251
Done, Sir John, 251
Done, Richard, 258
Dones, fam. of, 251
Donne, Robert de la, 172
Donne, William de la, 172
Dover, Isabella de, 332
Dover, Robert, 579
Drayton, Sir John, 64
Drayton, Michael, .579
Drury, William, 187
Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick,
.66

Dudley, Edward Lord, Page 2C2
Dunbar, Alexander, 612
Dunstable, Robert de, 200
Dutton, Hugh, 524. 527
Dutton, John, .524. 526
Dntton Lawrence, 525
Dutton, Thomas, 527
Dyleu, Adam de, 425 '

Dymock, Sir Edward, 69
Dymocke, Margaret, 69
Dymocke, Thomas, 69
Dymoke, Sir John, 68

Ecclesia, Gilbert de, 453
Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lan-
caster, 537
Edmunds, Tobias, 608
Edmundsthorpe, Henry de, 246
F.dric Silvaticus, 441
Edric, Duke of Mercia, 76
Egfrid, Bishop of Lindisfarne, 319
Egglesfitid, Robert, 587, 588
Eldresfeld, Richer de, 463
Eleford, Robert de, 279
Elenorde, Robert de. 111*
Elvet, John de, 376. 402
Elyng, Roger de, 223
Engaine, Gilbert de, 459
Engainc, Richard, 262
Engaine, Thomas, 231
Engayne, Elena d', 230, 231
Engayne, John, 230, 233
I'-ngayne, Sir John d", 230, 231
English, Thomas, 257
English, William, 257
Erchanger the Baker, 195
Erics, family of, 97*
Erpinghani, Sir Thomas, 9
Espicer, Peter Ic, 266
Espicer, Rdbert le, 266
Essex, Robert Earl of, 34
Estley, John de, 164
Eston, Robert de, 207
Eureux, William d', 442
Ewe, Alice Countess of, 385
Exeter, A¥alter Bishop of, 412
Eyles, Sir John, 60
Eylesford, Robert de, 117
Eylmyn, William, 438
Eyre, John, 602

Fabriea, Walkelin de, loS
Faiiitre, Adc de, 175

Faintroj

"Piintro, Isabella de, Page 175
Fanconberg, Philip de., 408
Fauconberg, Sir Walter de, 294
Faucoiicr, Edmund, 322
Fauconer, Ralph de, 279
Fayrey, Jolm, 353
Fede, Thomas de la, 226
Fernbiireg, Henry de, 411
Ferrars, Henry de, 636
Ferrars, Robert de. Earl of Derby,

537
Ferrars, Sir Thomas, 310
Ferrars, William de. Earl of Derby,

73
Ferrersj Sir John de, 289
Ferrers, Robert de, 311
Ferte, Sir Robert de la, 265
Ferte, William de la, .483
Figge, William, 222
Fillot, Baldwin, 275
Fissh, William, 364
Fitz 41an, John, 235
Fiti Alan, Juliana, 235
Fitz Alan, William, 169
Fitz Alexander, Robert, 297
Fitz Aucher, Richard, 73
Fitz Auger, William, 337
Fitz Daniel, William, 316
Fitz Eustace, William, 3
Fitz-Floyer, Richard, 443
Fitz-Gilbert, William, 285
Fitz GunniUd, William, 285 ,
Fitz Hubert, Elias, 382
Fitz Hubert, William, 382
Fitz Hugh, Robert, Baron of Malpas,

381
Fitz John, Godfrey, 54
Fitz John, William, 91.
FitzNigell, John, 244, 245
Fitz Nigell, William, 244
FJtz Odo, Philip, 217
Fitz-Osbert, Robert, 226
Fitz Piers, Reginald, 109*
Fitz Sampson, John, 4?9
Fitz Simon, Simon, 294
Fitz Walter, Robert, 424. 519
Fitz Warin, William, 78. 425
Fitz Warine, Fulke, 430
Fitz Warren, John, 63
Fitz Water, Robert, 420
Fitz William, Ear}, 509
Fitz William, Henry, .206
Fitz William, Odo, 186
Flamberd, Rannlph, 349
Fleming, John, 433
Flemmangb, Jocens le, 293
yietcher, Ralph de, 151. 173

INDEX.

Fodcn, Edward, Page 532

Foljambe, Francis F. S85. 456,

Foljambe, John, 252

Foljambe, Nicholas, 250

Foliot, Jordan, 493

Fordham, John, 361

Fordhaui, John, Bishop of Durham,

376. 402
Forester, Roger le, 259
Fornecostes, Hugh de, 265
Fornccotes, Ivo de, 265
Foweler, John, 379
Foxlowe, Samuel, 311
Frankelcn, William, 221
Fraunceys, Henry le, 304
Freman, Richard, 305
Freman, William le, 305
Freville, fam. of, 166
Freville, Alexander de, 68
Freville, Baldwin, 69
Freville, Sir Baldwin, 68
Frumbard, Geoffrey, 192
Fuller, Thomas le, 521
Furnival, Lord, 682
Furnival, Thomas de, 581, 582
Furnival, Thomas -Lord, 45
Fyssh, Robert, 365

Gaidesden, John de, 666

Gamelbere, , 293

Gardener, John, 279

Gardiner, William, 207

Gatelyn, Walter, 153 ,'

Gatesden, William -de, -287

Gatton, Hamo de, 210. 212. 213

Gatton, Robert de, 210. 212

Gaunt, Gilbert de, 175

Gaunt, John of, D. of Xiancaster, 6.

448. 457. 527. 538
Geary, Sir William, 447

Gedny, Thomas, 528

Gely, John, 574, 575

Gerard, Lord, of Bromley, 622

Gerard, Robert, 492

Germeynj Nicholas, 495

Germeyn, Robert, 496

Gernet, William, ii2*

Gernouns, Randal, Earl of Chester,
441

Gherbord, 308, 309

Gibson, John, 593

Glanville, Adam de,'l36

Glanville, Walter de,'136

Clapton, Gervas de, 219

Gloucester, Miles de, Earl of Here
rford, 18

Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare Earl of,

Page 627
Gloucester, Humphrey the good Duke

of, 21
Gloucester, Richard Duke of, after-
wards Richard HI. 22
Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock

Duke of, 18, 19, 20. 157
Gluton, Gilbert, 229
Godwin Earl of Kent, 3
Gorges, Bartholome*v, 103*
Gorges, Elena de, 127
Gorges, Thomas, 103*
Gouvley, William de, 284
Grandison, Otho de, 64
Grant, Robert de, 298
Grantesmenel, Hugh de, 5
Grave, Geoffrey de la, 92
Gi auncestre, Gilbert de, 455
Gray, Robert, 374
Graystanes, Thomas de, 368
Gredney, fam. of, 97
Greene, Henry de, 286
Greseley, Wjlllam de, 147
Gretham, R. de, 376, 377
Grey, Anthony de. Earl of Kent, 4*
Grey, Henry de, of Codnor, 241
Grey, Leonard Lord, of Ruthyn, 42,.

43, 44
Grey, Reginald' de, 112. 269
Grey, Richard de, 460
Grey, Sir Thomas, 46
Grey of Wilton, Lords, 269
Griffin, King, .191
Griffith ^p Llewelyn, King, 191
Gundevill, William de, 201
Cundreda, danghtcrto the Conqueror,

309
Gwyder, Peter Lord, 14

Haddon, Daniel, 406
Haddon, Samuel, 406
Hadfield, Rev. Mr. 564
Hale, William de, 106*
Halton, Nigil Baron of, 381
Hamton, Emma de, eo7
Hanvill, Ralph de, 274
Hardekyn, 283
Hardene, William de, 161
Harlakenden, Richard, 16
Harpour, Gilbert le, 242
Harrecurt, Richard de, 473
Hashwell, Simon de, 93
Haslewood, Francis, 406
Hastings, Cecily de, 273
Hastings, Humfrey de, 273

Xli

INDEX.

Hasting<i, John, Page Sf36

Hastings, John de, 185

Hastings, John, Earl of Pembroke,

43
Hastings, I^wrence, EjhtI of Pem-
broke, 123
Hastings, Matthew de, 289, S90
Hastings,.!^!*]!^ de, 277
Hastings, William de, 64
Hatfield, Thomas, 356
Hatfield, Thomas, Bislidp of Durham,
349, 361, 362, 309, 371, 372, 373,
374, 399, 404, 434, 443, 445, 451
Havering, Henry de, 158
Havering, Richard de, 182
Havering, William de, 182
Haversagge, Matthew de, 382
Hanvile, H-enry de,, 274
Hauvile, Hugh de, 274
Hauvill, Walter de, 273. 23»
Hay, John de la, 412
Hay, Richard de, 204
Hay ton, Adam de, 382
Helcbek, Ranulph de, 20*
Henry IV. K. 4. 18. 29
Henry V. K. 41. 157. 587
Herdewyk, Robert de, 195
Hercd, Alexander, 185
Hereford, Miles Earl of, la
Hereford, Hnmjihrey de Bohun, Earl

of, 18, 19. 22. 25
Hcreward,^ Robert, 623

Hering, Nicholas, 213

Herlham, Ralph de, 113

Hersey, Maiincsnmus de, 334

Herthnll, Ricliarde de,. 272

Hertrug, Pliilip de, 264

Heryngton, William, 352

Hette, Jo. 407

Hevene, Walter dc, 190

Hevingham, William de, 453

Hewds, Lawrence, 593

Hewes, David, 593

Heyle, Robert de, 410

Heyr, William, 253

Heyton, Thomas de, 387

Hill, John, 603

Hillesdon, John de, 158

Ho, Eustace de, 106

Ho, Jeremy del, 186

Hobbshort, William, 100*

Hochaiigre, James de, 120

Holcford, Thomas de, 305

Holland, Ov.en, 322

Holland, Thomas, Earl of Kent, 29

Holmesworth, Ralph, 2-;;5

Holt, JohndCj 165

Hoppeshort, William, Page 209j SIO

Hore, Walter le, 221

Horkcston, Henry de, 159

Hornccliffe, Catherine, 442

Hose, Robert de, 272

Hotham, John de, 294

Howard, Charles, Duke of Norfolk,

33
Howard, Henry, Duke of Norfolk, 33
Howard, John Lord, 30
Howard, Thomas Lord, 33
Howard, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk,

32
Howson, John, 431
Hngefort, Henry de, 414
Hugh Lnpus, Earl of Chester, 380
Hull, Geoffrey de la, 216
Hull, Millicent de la, 216
Hungerford, Sir John, 102*
Hungerford, Sir Thomas, 102*
Hungerford, Sir Walter, 147
Hunt, George, 84
Hunt, Wniiam, 455
Hurding, Robert, 94
Hures, William, 252
Hurnell, William, 275
Hutton, Godfrey le, 276
Hyngoldeby, Sir Roger de, 456

I. 3.

James, Henry, 593

Inge, William, 321

Inncs, Isabt'l, 612

lusula, Robert de, 504

Insula, William de, 189

Joce, Walter, 251

John K. of England, 587. 604

John, William ap, 446

Jonson, Ben, 579

Isle, Robert de 1', 504

Isle, William de 1', 18?

Kent, Anthony Earl of, 43
Kent, Edward Earl of, 105^
Kent, Hubert de Biirgo Earl of, 263
Kent, Thomas Earl of, 29
Kerdyff, William de, 255
Kierkebi, Adam de, 97
Kilpec, Hugh de, ^42
King, Joan, 232
King, John, 232
Kinglcigh, Ranulph of, 251
Kingley, Richard de, 251
Kingsham, William dc, 186
Ringslcy, Randal dc, 251

Knightleye, 'Robert, Page 388. 390
Knyvett, John, 61

Lacy, Henry de, Earl of Lincoln, 45S

Lacy, John, 524

Lacy, Roger, 523, 524

La Merk, family of, 272

Lancaster, Edmund Crouchback Earl

of, 310, 311, 537
Lancaster, Henry Duke of, 4, 441
Lancaster, John of Gaunt Duke o^

4, 5, 448, 457, 5^7, 538
Lancaster, Thomas Earl of, 441. 461.

637
Langcley, John de, 259
Larcedekene, Stephen, 261
Larcedekene, William, 261'
Lardimer, Philip de, 29»
Lardiner, David, 307
Latimer, John Loi'd, 46
Leek, Francis, 193
Leeke, Sir John, 268, 269
Legre, John de, 1'37
Legrc, William de, 137
Leicester, Edm.. Crouchback, Earl

of, 4, V. Lancaster
Leicester, Henry Earl of, 4. 562
Leicester, Henry Grismand Earl of, 4
Leicester, Simon Earl of, 3
Leicester, Thomas Earl of, 4
' Leston, Joan, 54
Leston, William, 54
-Lettewelle, Thomas dc, 383
Leybourne, William de, 458
Leyburn, Roger le, 302
Leyburn, William de, 67
Limeres, William de, 261
Lincoln, Alured de, 396
Lincoln, Henry de Lacy, Earl of, 455
Linde, T. de, 324
Lindsey, Montague Earl of, 10
Lindsey, Robert Earl df, 10, 11, 14
Lions, Richard, 54
Liston, John de, 302
Lizures, ilichard de, 91
Lolepeke, Simon, 601
London, Adrian de, 431
London, Hawis de, 103*
London, John de, 170, 431
London, John Bishop of, 593
London, Maurice dc, 87
London, William de, 382
Longehamp, Hugh de, 106
Longchamp, Sir Osbert de, 91
Longespee, William, 442

Longford,

INDEX.,

Longford, Nicholas de', Page" 132

Longford, Sir Nicholas de, 133

Lorens, William, 307

Lovaine, Joceline de, 432

Loveday, William, 264

Lovel, Henry, 124

Lovell, William^ 2)34

Lac)c,. Geoffrey de, 408-

Ludlow, Sir Thomas, 69

LungeviU, Thomas de, 277

Lupus, Hugh, Earl< of CbeBter, 308.

380
Lydon, Howel dfe, 446
Lynde, John de la, 229
Lynde, Walter de la, 220
Lyston, Geffrey de, 112*
Xytelton, Richard, 253

Slacduif, Earl of Fife, 61
Magnus III. K. of Norway, 39
Malbano, William de Maldebenge

Baron of, 381
Malbedenge,, William d^ 381
Malehovers, William de,. 229
Malenteys, Robert, 177
Malharteis, Roger, 112*
Malherb, Robert, 285
Malmaius, Humphrey de, 262
Malmayns, Nicholas de, 268
Malore, Anketil, 217
Malory, Nicholas, 499
Malosse, John, 603
Mappertshale, Gilbert de, 194
March, Edmund Earl^o^ z7
Marche, Sir William,' 451
Mare, Gunmore dc la, 103*
Mare, Henry de la, 215
Mareschal, Richard de,fjlS6
Mareschal, Thomas de, 156
■Marisco,,Walter de, 187
Maiiborough, John Duke of, 323
Marmion, fam. of, 166
Marmion, Philip, 63. 242
Marmion, Robert de, 67, 68
Marshall, Gilbert, Earl of Strigyil

27
Marshall, John,, 26- 226
Marshall, John le, 98*
MairshaU,,Peter the, 140
Marshall, Robert the,. 143
Marshall, William, 26
Martell, Kelicia, 167
Martell, WiUiam,.l6r
Martinwas, Martin de,-252
Jdasey, Hammon de, 381

Massey, Hamon de. Page 44*

Mauley, Peter de, 102

Maunsel, Robert, 142

•ftfauotel, Walter, 204

Blay, Sir Thomas-, 522

Maynard, William, 494

Mcanlingc, William le, 307

Mcnyll, Nicholas de, 397

Meose, Thomas de, 130

Mercer, John^ 589

Merks, John de, 275

Mcschines, Ranulph or Rundal de,.

Earl of Chester, 251. 441
Meschines, William, de, 167
Metham, Jolm de^ 138
Metham, Sir Thomas, 580
Michelgrove, Henry, 275
Michell, Jolm, 258
Michell, William, 258
Midrigg, Thomas de, 358
Minnebode, Peter, 603
Moigne, Henry le, 66
■ Moigne, Sir Henry, 104*
I Moigne, John le, 104*
Moigne, Ralph le, S5, 66. 196
Moigne, Theobald le, 341
Moigne, William le, 66
Molesey, Walter de, 93
Molyas, John, 268
Molyns, Sir John, 410
Monboucher, Bertram,, 438, 439
Monemouth, Henry de, 223
Monhautt, Robert de. Earl of Arun-
del!, 228
Monmouth, Walterde, 297
Montacute, .John^ Earl of Salisbury,

29
Montacnte, William, 146
Montacute, William de, Earl of Salis-
bury, 27. 40
Montagu, William de, 108*
Monte, Humphrey de, 262
Monteacute, William de, 225
Monte Alto, Isabella de, 407
Montealto (Monhault) Roger de, 333
Monthault, Robert Baron de, 381
Mora, Nicholas de, 332
More, Gunnorc de ia, 207
More, Roger de la, 106*, 107*
Moretein, William, .68
Morteshire, Nicholas de, 98*
Mortimer, Edmuud, Earl of Mwchyi

27
Mortimer, Robert de, 166
Morton, John Edward de, 164
Morton, Richar4 de, 164
Morvilic, John,, 174

MouCcl; William dc. Page 446

Mountford, Simon, 537

Mountfort, Simon dc, Earl of Leices-
ter, 3

Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk, 29

Mowbray, Lady Isabel, 31

Mowbray, Thomas Lord, 29

Mowbray, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk,'
30

Moyne, William le, 183,164

Moynne, William' le, 195

Moj'iie, John, 436, 437

Muchgrave, Cecilia, 257

Muletorp, William de, 217

Munday, Thomas, 60

Mnndevill, Peter de, 255

Mundevill, Robert de, 443

Murray, James 6tli Earl of,. 612

Musard, John, 124

Musard, RSilph, 433-

Musohamp, Francis, 448

Musgrave, Joan de, 97*

Musgrave, THomas de, 97*

Mytton, John, 253

Napper, Mangerus le, 199

Nevill, Hughde, 56

Nevill, Sir John, 164

Nevill, Ralph, Lord of Raby, 404

Nevill, Thomas de, 158

Neville, Sir Henry, S76

Neville, Ralph, Earl of Westmorland^

29
Neville, Thomas, Lord Furnival, 45
Nevyll, Sir Ralph de, 404
Newboronghj Robert de, 50
Newburghj Alexander de, 204i-
Newenton, Thomas, 205
Newmarch, Adam de, 384-
'Newnham, Prior ttf, 149
Nigell, 243

Norfolk, Roger Bigod Earl ofj 26. llS
Norfolk, Thomas Earl of, 324
Norfolk, Charles Dnkeof, 33

Norfolk, Edward Duke of, 35

Norfolk, Henry Seventh Duke of; 33 '
Norfolk, John Duke of, 31

Norfolk, Margaret Countess of, 27

Norfolk, Thomas Duke ofj 29. 31, 32,
33

North, William del, 378

Nocthumberliiod, Henry Earl of, 21

Northwode, Robert de, 213

North wood. Sir R'Oger, 88

Norwich, Henry Earl of, 33

Nottingham,

INDEX.

Kottingbam, Thomas, Earl of, Page I

29
Notton, Ralph, 78
Nyiige, Margaret, 331

Oakes, Adam de, 312
Okebeare, Ricliard dc, 227
Okcbeare^Roger de, 227"
Okenham, Geoffrey de, 50t. 503
Okes, Philip de, 339
Okes, William de, 339
Orlyenes, Margaret de, 369
Orlyenes, Robert de, 369
Oscvvorth Dionisia de, 367
O'the Orchard, John, 36»
OxenCKoft, WiUiani -de, 221
Oxenhale, Nicholas de, 350
Oxford, Aubcry de Vcrc Earl of, 8
Oxford, Edward de Vere Earl of, 14
Oxford, Hugh deVere Earl of, 16
Oxford, John dc Vere Earl of, 14
■Oxford, Robert deVereEail of, 8.
15

Page, William, 455
Painell, Sir William, 60S
Pantulf, Hugo, 256
PapUon, Roger, 193
Papylon, William, 193
PaVker, John le, 245-
Parker, William le, 6iS-
Parsley, William, 5T3
Pasturel, Williaui, 409
Pater-Noster, Alice, 282
Pater-Noster, John, 282
Pater-Noster, Richai-d, 28^
Paynall, William, 409
Paysover, Eulk de, 333
Peckam, John,, 266
Pelawe, Richard, 440
Pelytot, Philip, 451
Pembroke, Earldom of, 43.
Pembroke,. Adomar de Valence Earl
of, 325
. Pembroke, Gilbert de Clare Eail of,

26. 429

Pembroke, John Hastings Earl of,. 43

Pembroke, Richard Earl of, 26

Pencester, Stephen de, 290

Penroit, John de, 87

Penelesdon, (Pulesdon) Ricliar4 de,
474

Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumber-
land, 21. 40

Percy, Henry de. Page 28, 432
Percy, Ralph de, 557
Percy, William, 645
Perpoint, Sir Henry de, 447, 44S
Perton, John de, 175
Peter son of Al'ulph, 408
Peter the son of Oger, 87
Petrns fil. Ogeri, 85
Pettour, Baldwin le, 79
Peverel, Thomas de, 120
Peverell, Hugh, 103
Pexsall, Ralph, 254
Pexsall, Richard, 254
Peytevyn, Bartholomew, 190
Philippa, Q. of £dw. III. 588
Picot, John,. 47
Picot, Peter, 47, 48
Picot, Ralph, 266
Pincerna, Nicholas dc, 490
Pincerna, Daniel, 208
Pitchford, Ralph de, 3T3
Plantageiiet, Eleanor, 157
Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York,
21

Plantagenet, William, Earl of Warren-,
310

Playford, John,. 552

Plessct, John de, 168

Plessctis, Richard de, 246

Plessets, William de, 314

Plcssitis, or Plessy, John de, 336

Plompton, Walter de, 318

Plott, Dr. Robert, 450

Plumpton, Sir Robert, 312

Pogeys, Imbtrt, 152

Pole, William dc la, Marquis of Suf-
folk, 39

Pollard, Dionysia, 347

Pollard, John, 347

Pomeray, Henry de la, 465

Porter, Robert le, 304,

Postel, Ralph, 299

Power, John, 356

Preston, Gilbert de, 426

Prestwich, Adam de, 336'

Prior,. Agnes, 223

Prior, Geoffry, 223

Pudsey, Hugh, Bp. of Durham, 350"

Puille, Thomas de la, 209. 212

Pnkereleston, Custance de, 179

Puiteney, Thomas, 337

Punchard, Simon, 178.

Pusey, Charles, 320

Putton, Jolffl de, 259

Putton,. William de, 259-

Pychard, Walter, 118^

Pycot, John, 48

Pygot, Henry, Page SOS
Pygot, Richard, S96
Pypard, John, 276

Querdebeef, John, 160
Quincey, Roger de, Earl of Wiftches»
ter, 426

Radford, Thomas, 588-
Raghton, Simon de, 265.
Ralph the Monk, 196
Randolf, William, 174
RandoU, John, 306'
Randoll, Thomas, 306
Rastall, Roger, 142
Rede, John, 415
Redeman, Thomas, 341
Redeman, Thomas de, 340-
Regdon, Agnes de, 160
Rcgdon, William de, 160
Reson, Thomas, 574, 575
Reymes, William de, 442
Reynes, William de, 235

Reynolds, John, 523
Riall, Juliana, 379"

Riall, William, 379

Riboef, Walter de, 294

Richard Prepositns, 303

Rice, Sir Edward, 566

Richard II. K. 637

Riche, Sir Richard, LordRiche, 383

Riddell, William, 349

Right, Robert, 602-

Rivers, fam. of, 458

Rivers, Richard Widville Earl, 22

Robert son of Wal'thesh, 444

Roches, John de, 72, 73'

Rochc!, John le, 168

Rockesley, Sir Richard, 233

Rockrngham, Cliarles Marquis of, 46i

Roderick Prince of all Wales, 638

Rokcle, Sir Richard de la, 396

Roopcr, Thomas, 193

Roos, Philippa Lady, 202r

Ronce, John, 105*

RoHce, William, 105*

Roughead, Nicholas, 3.54

Rongliheved, Nicholas, 355

Rotheband", Thomas de, 493

Ruggclei, Simon de, 78

Riis, Alice le, 319

Rus, Walter le, 319

Rushout, Sir John, 58S

Rnssrt,

INDEX.

Russel, WiUiani, Page 1^
Russel, Sw WiUiwi, 9i*
Russell, John, !J8@

8.
Sakeville, Andrew de, 339
Sakeville, Joan de> 389
Sale, Robert de la, 130
Salisbury, Elji Countess of, 442
Salisbury, Williaav de Montacute Earl

of, 27, 40
Samuel, Stephen, 591
Sandys, Sir Williain, 3S4t
Sandford, John de,^ 43
Sandford, Richard de, 313
Sandiacre, Richard de, 280
Sannage, Rioger de, 276
Sarcere, Rowland le, 79
Saville, Sir Henry, 380
Saville, John, 580
Saundford, Lora de, 7S
Sauvage, Robert le, 218
Say, Theodoric, 166
Say, William, 335
Scaccario, Laur. de, 219
Scales, Ralph, 458
Sciredun, David de, 151
Scott, Reverend Mr. 565
Scrope, Richard, 383, 384
Scrope, Sir William, 41
Scrope, William Lord, 40
Segrave, Nicholas de, 26
Segrave, Sir Stephen de, 233
Seretaand, Matilda de, 460
Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset,

52
Shakeshanks, John, 523
Shirlawe, Walter, Bishop of Durham

V. Skirlavre,
Shouldham, Jolui, 401
Shrewsbury, Talbots Earls of, 4S
Shrewsbury, George Earl of, 32, 46
Shrewsbury, Robert de Belesme Earl

of, 313
Sflvaticus, Edric, 441
Singleton, Thomas de, 219
Skerringlon, John de, 219
Skinner, Richard, 602
Skirlawe, Walter, Bishop of Durham,

584, 344, 347, 375, 377, 378, 379,

404, 43»
Skirnyngham, Robert de, 451
Skrymsher, Sir Charles, 622
Skjsimer, iJir John, 15
Sloley, Rtchard, 146
Smith, Erasmus, 57
Snagg9, Sir Thomas, 47

Solers, William, Vige 460
Somerset, Edmund Duke q4 21
Somerset, Edward, Duke of, 32
SowCTset, John Ssaufett Earl of, 4,2,,

55
Somerset, Eiwaiid^Easl of Worqestei;,

32
Somerset, John, 323
Somcrvile,Sir Philip de, 387, 389
Samery, Roger do, 426, 427, 4<38
Sottebroc, Hugh de, 301
Spelman, Thomaa, 95
Spersholt, William dB,, 206
Spigurnell, Geoffrey de, 516
Spileman, Peter, 127, 18Q
Stafford, Edmand Bai-l of, SI, 102,

157, 187
Stafford, Henryj, Puke «f Bucking'

ham, 22
Stafford, Humphrey, Duke of Biwk'

ingbam', Si%
Stanffosde, Simon de, 225
Stanford, Oliver de, 220
Stanhope, Chiarles, 311
Stanhope, Edwardj S?3
Stanley, John, ^251
Stanley, Sir J«lm, 4rl
Stanley, Richard George, Earl of

Derby, 12
Stanry, Williapi de, 260
Stawle, Roger, 461
Stockport, N. Saron of, 381
Stodham, Laurence de, 160
Stokes, John, 4,50
Stokes, Thomas, 450
Stopham, Eve de, 177
Stopbam, Ralph de, 125, 170, 177
Stornell, William, 340
Stowell, Sir John, 594
Strange, Baroness, of Koockyu, 41
Stredley, Hugh de, 277
Stredley, Philip d?,, 277
Strongbon, Richard, 26
Sturmey, Henry, 246
Suger, Abbe, 153
Sumersham, Alexander de, 90
Surrey, Henry Earl of, 32
Surrey, Thomas Earl of, 30, 31
Sutton, Griffin le, 334
Sutton, Hamo, 341-
Sutton, John, 462
Sutton, Osbart de, 305
Sutton, Robert, 302, 34r
Sutton, Robert de, 302
Sutton, William de, 473
Swaffham, John, 601, 602
Swinderton, Joaue,.205'

Swynertott, Humfijey, Page 25^
Swynerton, Thomas, 253
Sylvcstris, Alafl, 441
Syoager, Ed^tuwd, 113, 114

Tadeshale, Robert de, 264

Talbot, George, Earl of Shrewsbury,

32, 46
Tateshale, Robert de, 273
Tawke, Thomas, 165
Tawke, William, 165
Taverner, Elizabeth, 172
Taverner, John, 172
Tesedale, Hugh de, 3^2
Tesedale, Tiujma^, gsg,, 35?
Testard, Richard, 9§*
Testard, Roljert, gga, 209
Tezelin, the cgok, 53
Thadeham, William de, ^93
Thelwell, Daniel, 407
Therel, Thomas, 11,9
Therklevile, Robert de, 285
Thompson, Richard, 589
Thoinhull, John, 403
Thwaytes, Joan, 22T
Thwaytes, John, 227
Tils, John, 521
Tiptoft, John, Earl of Worcesterj^

22
Toany, Ralph de, 91
Tonbridge, Richard de, 324
Toni, Ralph de, 495
Tbrell, William, 199
Tour, Alicia de la, 168
Tour, AVilliam de la, 168
Tracy, Henry de, 178
Trafford, Sir Edwa,rd, 461
Treveilly, John de, 82
Trevelle, William, 287
Trevilly, John de, 85
Trumpeton, Robert de, 140, 160
Turkilby, Sir Roger de, 426
Turner, Ralph, 593
Turnham, Stephen de, 212
Twikill [.qu. Turkil ?] the Dane, Srf-

Valence, Adomar de, Earl of Pem-

broke, 325
Valence, William de, 184
Valencia, Agnes de, 341
Valetor, Roger de, 4l2
Valletort, John de, 64
Venablcs, Gilbert, Baron of Kia.

derton, 381

4 Y TTenahles^

XVI

INDEX,

Venables, Thomas, Page 510, Sll
Vere, Aiibery ie, 16
Vere, Aubery de, Earl of Oxford, 8
Vere, Edward de, Earl of Oxford, 14
Vere, Hugh de, Earl of Oxford, 16
Vere, John de. Earl of Oxford, 14
Vere, Robert de. Earl of Oxford, 8,

15,44
Vernon, Richard de, 99*
Vernon, Richard, Baron of Sip-

brooke, 381
Vestynden, Raufe, 89

tl.

UlcetS, P. de, 226
Ulph, the son of Thorold, 397
Unframvill, Thoma's, 361
Umfravi), Robert de, 241
Underwood, Adam, 464
Unz, John le, 74

Wade, Andrew, 582
Wade, Henry, 121
Wade, Henry de la, 180
Wafre, John le, 301
Wake, Hugh, 184
Wakelyn, Robert, 158
Wakering, Sir Gilbert, 450
Walcot, William, 50
Waleton, Richard de, 218
Walkingham, John de, 167
Walkingham, Thomas de^ 167
Wallens, Robert, 224
Walton, Simon de, 426
Wanstede, John, 101*
Wanstede, Roger de, 122
Warbleton, John de, 79
Warde, John, 375
Wardsworth, Thomas, 437
Waneo, John Earl, 309, 431, 44i

Warren, William 1st Earl, Page 309
Warren, William 2d Earl, 310
Warren, William Earl, 415
Warwick, Ela Countess of, 74, 336
Warwick, Ambrose Earl of, 66
Warwick, Guy de Beauchamp Earl of,

224, 225
Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp Earl

of, 42, 101*
Warwick, William Earl of, 413, 464
Waymer, Ralph de, 340
Waynwright, John, 443
Wedon, Richard de, 204
Welis, Cecilia, 332
AVellesk, Thomas de, 227
Wells, Richard de, 195
Welliun, Adam de, 433
Wena, Robert de, 129
Wenoye, John de, 102*
Wessyngton, Sir William, 371
Westmorlaod, Ralph Earl of, 29
West Morton, Stephen de, 348
Wethen, Robert de, 192

Weylaund, Thomas de, 436, 437

Wheeler, Mary, 523

Wheeler, Thomas, 523

Whelgeton, Margaret de, 203

Whelgeton, Richard de, 203

Whit worth, Alexander de, 493

Widville, Richard, Earl Rivers,
22

Wiggeber, Richard de, 110*

Wileghby, John de, 343

Wilkinson, James, 450

Willaston, William, 450

Willonghby, Edmund, 145

Wilioughby, Peregrine Lord, 14

Wilminton, Robert de, 462

AVilson, , 581

Wilson, Adam, 581

Wilson, John, 432, 564, 581

Wiltshire, John, 48

Winchard, Thomas, Page 28t
Winchester, Marquis of, 588
Windesor, John de, 216
Wintershull, John de, 214, 215
WintershuU, William de, 184
Wodehouse, Sir Robert de, 58
Wodesende, John de, 361
Wokyndon, Sir Nicholas de, 396
Woodstock, Thomas of, Duke of

Gloucester, 18, 19, 20, 167
Woodward, John, 407
Worcester, Edward Earl of, 32
Worcester, John Tiptoft Earl of, 23
Worthy, Geoffrey de la, 463
Wotton, Jordan de, 207
Woverman, Philip, 618
Wrenoc son of Meuric, 318
Wright, Richard, 520, 521
Wright, William, 193
Wrotham, Richard, 461
Wulf hunte, Alan de, 258
Wulf hunte, Walter de, 253
Wnlfwin, 16
Wybergli, Elianore, 459
Wybergh, William, 459
Wyborgh, Thomas, 459
Wyle, Bertram le, 149
Wymundeham, Thomas de, 439
Wyndham, Francis, 384
Wynnesbury, William, 253
Wyntworth, William, 383
Wytham, Thomas, 406, 407

York, Richard Duke of, 21, 30

Zouch, Roger la, 414
Zoucbe, Alan la, 461

INDEX

OF THE

OBSOLETE AND DIFFICULT WORDS AND PHRASES,

CUSTOMS, &c.

Acton or Aketon, Page 161, 175

Aeriae A«stnrcGram, 265

Afforciamentum Curiae, 463

AffriorAfFrae, 178

Aketon, 161, 175

Alanararius, S38

Alaudarins, 238

Alepimani 500

Altaragium, Alteragc, 593, 627

Ammobragiuin, 474

Amoabyr, 573

Angulum Bruerae, 250

Arbalist, 153

Arceonura unum par, 149

Armour worn by females, 103*, 104*

Armour, Horse, explained, 104,^ 105

Armour of Leather, 128

Armour, Plate, account of the parts

otVlOO, 107, 108, 127, 128, 161, 248
Arms, offensive,, of a horseman, 104
Arms, Petit Serjeanties by finding,

145
Arquebuze, 126
Arura, 497'
Assach, 596
Assarts, 37t
Astringer, 386
Asturco, 3i6
Attainiatos, 511
Avage, or Avisage, 565
Avakresilver, 364
Avant bras, 100
Auca habilis pro prandie, 413
Avenae summa, 137
Avenar' vocat' StatharioD, 36/
i^vcrakresilver,. 361
Averselver, 453

Anrum Reginas, Page 315
Auxilium Commune, 358, 379
Auxilium Vice-Comitum, 460

Bacinet, 123, 124, 1S2

Balista, 153

Balistar, 93, 159

Balistarius, 113

Banners, 88, 89

Barde, 105

Bardolf, 54

Barons of the Cinque Ports, 35

Basnetus, 125

Batellus, 505

Batinus, 519

Barnard's Castle, 423, 424

Bedellery, 220

BedellHS, 225, 469, 504

Bederip, 415

Bedford, Barony of, 46

Bedgeld, 623

Bedrepe, 323

Begavcl, 604

Bel-tein, Scotch, 628

Berbiagium, 467, 469

Bercelctt, 393

Berseletes, 430

Besant,. 339, 372

Besca, 485

Bethngavel, 604

Beverches, 405

Bidrepe, 478

Bill, a weapon, 138

Biresilver, 375

Bishops of Durham and Bath and

Wells, claim of the, at the Corona-

tion of James II. 36
Bissn, 262

Blodwite, Page 60r

Blowe a mortc, 332

Blowe a recheate, 532

Blowe a seeke, 532

Bondland, 573, 636

Bondman, or Villan, 4fi&

Boon-Days, 466

Booting-Corn, 585

Borda, 401

Borough-Engllsh, 416

Boscum foriiujecum, 245

Boso, 179

Botilarium, 186

Bovata terrae, 145, 303

Bracci, 125

Bracelettus deymerettus, S32

Bracenarius, 233

Brach, 232

Bracheta, 231-

Brachetta, 233j 234

Brachettum, 265, 383

Bracina, 425

Brank, the, 613

Brasium Ordei vocat' Statmalt, 367

Brassarts, 100, 101

Brochetta, 135

Brochettum, or Brocbctt, 135, 142

Brochia, a Broch, lio, 134, 139, 141,

158
Broo-ankclers, 531
Brooshes, 111
Brueria, 504
Bucinns, 116
Bucler, 41?
Bugle Horn, 442
Bnrdsilvcr, 375

Burgage, Burgagium, 335, 361, 403^
Busca, 208
Bnsselli, 373

4 Y 2 BUtyn

INDEX.

Butyri Rusca, Page 192, 2M
Biizo, 126, 177
Byscott, 600

Cabaged, 531
C.aballus, 517
Cablicium, 250
Cachepolli Serjantia, 217
Calcet, Calcetum, 381
Calthrop, 125
Camisia, 125
Campana, 251
Canes impediati, 504
Canes leporarii, 235
Canes lesi, 235
Canes luparii, 258
Canes liiporaiii, 236
Canis liveriiis, 236
Capa dc Grisauco, 82
Capellum feneum., 426
Capistnim, 303
Capistrum cum Canabo, 143
Capones albi, 2©1
Carnifex, 137
Carruca, 512
Caiucate of land, 52
Casei leca, 371
Castle Guard, 95, 325
Catapulta, 145
Catchland, 566

Cellcier, 411, 47?
Censure, 574

Cerage, 627
Cerie libra, 399
Cert Money, 573

Chaces, Petit Serjeanties by keeping,
230

Chamberlain, Lord Great, 6

Ciiamberlangeria, 186

Champion, office of, 67, 68, 70 71

Chapones albi, 193

Cheshire, Barons of, S30

Chevage, 500

ChildAv'it, 573
Chi|ypilTg-gavel, 604

Churches, strewing of, 576

Chyminagiura, 250

Ciuqne Ports, Barons of the, 35

Cirotecfe albae, 352

Clam Gariopliili, 439

Claustra, 2'>5

Cleivenor, 563

Clet*, 487

Clove Wine, 190

Clnario domini Regis, (de), 294

Colours of the foot soldiers, 94

Coramnne Auxilium, Page 358, 379

Companage, Companagium, 472, 479

Compunctum, 426

Constable, Lord High, 17

Coopertiones de M-aeremio, 250

Coq«iD"a, 3^0

Cornage, service of, 96, 447

Cornish acre of land, 129

Corrodium, 27D, 4185

Coteswold Games, 578, 579

Crinicre, or Manefair*, 105

Cross-bow, 153, 154, 155

Croupiers, 105

Crown worn by Henry Y. and Richard

III. in battle, 90
Cuirass, 101, 128
Culet, 100
Cuna, 192, 286
Cuneum Monetae, 187
Curtilagium, 107*, 362
Cutware, 357

Decern, and Ae'«», derivation of, 315

Decenarius, Decennarius, 469, 504

Deemsters, 594

Dicker, 314

Dieta, 218

Diligrout, 50, 51, 53

Dispensarium, 186

Dispensator, 100*

Disport, King of, 641

Divisae, 372

Diurnum, 371

Doleum, 353

Doniesman, 518

Drengage, 351

Dreyinghe, 294

Dringage, 459

Drinklean, 579

Drof-land, 608

Dncking-stool, 613

Duumow bacon, 519, 520

Earl, Premier, of England, 37
Earl Marshal of England, 25
Ecclesiastical Lords, lands Tield of, by

services of the nature of Grand and

Petit Serjeanty, 393
Ensigns, 88
P^quitatura. Regis, 270
Equus coopertus, 103, 158
Equus discoopertus, 106, 164
Erodii unius Servitiiim, 270

Escapiis Animaliam (dc} Page 2i9

Eschanderia, 183

Escuage, 313, 462

Espicurnautix Serjantia, 220

Esquire, daily pay of an, 103

Esteia, 474

Estricium, 267

Eton College, custom of the Ram at,

495
Evenyngs, 498
Exchequer Office, 107*

Facere legem, 504

Falcationis Servitium, 519

Falcatura, 497

Falco Nisus, 276

Faldfey, 486

Falx, 138

Farley, 628

Fasciculus Manipulamni, 434

FastyngoBg* Tuesday, 641

Fawnyson-tynie, 3SD

Ferdell, Fardingdeal, .or Feruodell,

216
Feretrum Sancti Cuthberti, 284
Fcrlingus, or Ferlingata Ten-aei, '24G
Fire HarMi, 627
Firma Noctis, 292
Flaccuni sine Capite, 113
Flagellum, 485
Flags, 88
Flancois, 10'5

Flasketa, Fladsetta, 308, S16
FlectiE, 151
Foder, 411
Folkmote, 17, 18
Fonnagiiim, 357
Footmen for the wars, Serjeanty by

finding, 113
Forests, Petit Serjeanties by keeping,

230
Foyneson, Tempns de, 249
Frampole Fences, 597
Free bench, 481
Fucillnm, 156

Fugare Wanlassura ad stabiilam, 504
Fusillum, 17a

Gambcson, 162
Gambesone, 107, 108
Gannets, 182
Ganta;, Geese, 182
Garba, 498

Garciones,

INDEX.

XIX

Garciones, Page 126, 225,^66
Garde des Reins, 101
Gardcbrache, 137
Garmamentiim, 360
Gavelet, 59?

Gavelkind, 597, 609, 6*9
Geldable, 313
Gersuma, 316
Gersuma Regins^, 315
G«gii^6too]¥j 509
Gorget, 100
Goshawk, £65
Graddaln'd Corn, 61S
Grangia, 359
Greaves, 100
Green-silver, 600
Greese, 392
Grey Fur, 189
Gris, 431

Grisanco, Capa de, ®3
Griseo, Pellicia de, 200-
Grovicrs, 571
GrouodstalL, SU
GrunaVini, 191
Gwalier Mcrched, 566

Hachet Denesh, 9S
Halecret, or Halceret, 101
Hallevpimen, S86j 478
Hambergellus, 127, 128, 162, 176,

180
Handfisting, 611, 612
Hare-pics, provision of, 626
Hasta Poici, 97*

Haubergeon, 127, 128

Hauberk, t07, 119

Hawk-silvcr, 385^

Hawks, PetitSerjean ties performed by
keeping and delivering to the King,
263

Hay, 242, 393

Haya, 430, 487

Heimaris, 488

Herciandura (ad) 472

Herefocbii, 17

Heron, ^71

Herring Pies, 197, 198

Hesthse, 191

Heya, 269

Heymcctis, 249

Hada terrae, 52, 143, 144, 341

Hilton, Jack of, 449

Hobelers, 102*

Hoke-day, 469,580
Hoiy Thursday, custom Wj at.Ripon,
6^

iHomage, Page 453 "

Horn vrith Horn, ,505
Horns preserved at C^Iiele, 3Zi,S2S
Horse, Master of the, 38
Horse-armour, 104, 105
Horseman, offensive aims of ;a, IM
'.Horsemen, Petit Serjeanty Ity finding,
99

Horsemen, Petit Serjeanties by find-
ing, for tte wars, 132

Hostiarins, 176
IHostilarius, 199

Hostillarra, 493

Huscarles, 291

Hueewta, 3S1

I. J.

Jack, 162

Jack of Hilton, 449

Inewardi, 517

Irish Gavelkind, -610

Judger of a Town, 229, aes

Keelage, 505

Kernella Castri, 289

Killagium, 505

King of Disport, or Christmas, 641

King's Household, Petit Serjeanties
performed in the, 180

King's Whores, Xiaundresses, &c.
Petit Seijeanties performed by
keeping and taking care of the, 208

Knife, used for Dagger, 163

Knight, daily pay of a, 102

Iiaadmal,Xatidni»le, Page 3^1, *83
Lap and Lace, 603
Larcin, 425
Lardadiim, 589
Lardenarius, 104*, 109*
Lardiner, 194j 393
Larding Money, 589
Latimer or Latiner, 319
Latuner, 334

Lawless Court, 6p5, 506^ 507
Lawless Hour, 674
[Laws, Petit-Serjcanties relating to
the execution of the, 213

LecaCasei, 371

Leccator, 527

Lepovarii, 237, 239, 257, S$l, SSSf
265

Leste, 372

Levacio foeni, 365

Libera, 498
"Libra pensa, 337

Librae arsae et pensatae, 337

Librae blancae, 316

Librata terrae, 81, 189

Lierwyte, or Lairwite, 482, 628

Limit. Fceni, 378

Lincoln, Earldom of, 55

Literaturam (ponete ad), 498

Literitiura, 194

London, Lord Mayor and Citizens of,
58

Lorica, 105*, 165, 248

Lotherwits, or Lycrwits, 62S

Lotrices, 209, 210

Luaghadh, 613

Lady of the Lamb, 608

Lagenae, 360

Lamb, Lady of the, 508

Lampas ardens, 400

Lana Regina?, 298

Lancaster, Duchy of, 41

Lancaster Sword, 40

Lancetae, 485

Lancetagium, 491

Lanceti, 491

Landcheap, 566

Lands held by Villenage Tenure, 464

Lands held of the Ciown by various
Tenures, 308

Lands held of subjects by services of
the nature of Grand and Pttit Ser-
jeanty, &c. 343

Lands held of temporal Lords by ser-
vices of the nature of Gxand or
Petit Serjeanty, &c. .412

Magna Precaria, 470, 683

Mail, derivation of, 128

Mala, 128

Manipulorum Fasciculus, 634

Manors, Customs of, 501

Manport, or Main-port, 627

Manual labour. Petit Serjeanties by,

293
Marshal, Earl, 25

Marshalsea, 25

Martin, St. in tlie Fields, claim of the
Vicar and Churchwardens of, at the
Coron. of R. James II. 38

Master of tlie Horse, 38

Masurse, 617

Maupigyrnon, 50,51,53

Mensis Vctitus, 249

Merchet, 479, 494

Mcrcheta, 483, 484

Merchcta Mulieruin, 480

Mcretrices,

INDEX.

Meittrices, Page 80, 209, 210, Sll,

214
ileuta, 234
Sleuta Canicnlorum Harrectoruin,

234
Meuta Dynectorum Canum, 234
Mew, 267
Meyae, 474
Miche, 478
Midsummer Eve, Custom on, at

Ripon, 561
Military Music, 116
Minstrels, or Pipers, 623
Minstrels of Tutbury, 528, 532, 536,

544'
Mises, 515
Modius Vini, 203
Molas attraliere, 466
Morte, 532
Mota, or Muta, 256
Hues Vinr, 1>89
ainllioncs, 493
Mallones Fceni, 474
Mnrilegi, 249, 260
Muta, 234
Muta Vini, 190

Naif, Nativa, 479

Kamea, 354

Naparius, 205

Napcry, 199

Nativus de stipite, 467

Nee filios coronare, 465

Ncglicsith, or Nigondsith, 598

Nisus, 276

Nocata Terrae, 503'.

Oath taken by those who claim the

ISacon at Dunmow, 522
Oba, 360-

Ora, or Ore, 264, 338, 48a
Ostcrer, 385
Ostiarius, 213
Osturcus, 264, 266, 278.
Overland, 636
Oughtrape, 375
Ouzell, Oiiziell,.141
Oxford, Mayor and Burgesses of, 60

Palatines, Ecclesiastical, Lands held

of, 343
Palatines, Temporal, Lands held of,

380

Panes, Page 360

Panes Gareionum, 516

Pannctarius, 185

Pantler, 185

Par Serotecarum, 336

Parcenarij, 353

Parcum ad Averia, 222

Parks, Petit Serjeantics by keeping,

230
Paunage, or Pannage, 250
Pecunia, 518
Pelf, Pelfre, 511
Pelliceum de Griseo, 198, 200
Pencils, 88
Penhebogydd, or Master of the

Hawks in Wales, 274
Penicillum, 131
Perpunctum, 179
Peter Pence, 627, 628
Petit Serjeanty, 93
Pharetra de Tutcsbft, 147
Pilche, 188, 139
Plastron, 108
'• Plough Light, 621
Plow-land, 52
Plugh Silver, 376
Poitrinal, 105

Pole-Ax, 146

Porri, 360

Port-Greve, or Port-Reeve, 590

Pouldrons, 101

Pound, or Pund Lands, 81

Prsebenda, Provender, 6-16

Prsebendarii, 315

Praepositus, 226, 469, 499

Precaria Magna, 470, 583

Precarise, 466

Precarise Carneae, 472

Preue, 164

Pridgavel, 415

Pryk, or Prick, a spur, 132, 133

Pntura, 237, 341

Quadragesimale, 474
Quarrel, 159
Quartron of Land, 490
Queen-Gold, 296, 315
Quern, Singing at the, 614
Quintain, Running at the, 61S

Recheate, 533
Red- Horse, Vale of, 445
Regardam, 249
Reginre Gersnma, 31-5

Rcleviun), Page 86

Religious Services', Petit Serjeantiei

by, 231
Retropannagia, 250
Rod-Gavel, 572
Rome-Scot, S17
Rump-pence, 621
Runcinus, 159
Rusca Butyri, 192, 201
Rushes, strewing of, in Churches, 181
Rutyng-tyme, 380

Sabnlonarium, 250

Sac, 291

Saccum de Canabe, 141

Saddle-Silver, 631

SagittiE flectata;, 147

Sagittae pilettse, 430

Saltatorii, 429

Sand Gavel, 593

Sanguinem snum emere, 486, 50*

Sarculatura, 497

Scanna, 222

Scolds, punishment of, 645

Scot-Ale, 508, 509

Selions, 365

Semen yemale et quadragesimale,. 47^

Sengil, 531

Sequela Villanorum, 459

Serjantia Cachepolli, 217

Seijantia Espicurnantiae, 220

Serjeants at Arms, 114

Serjeanty, Grand, detinition of, l

Serjeanty, Petit, 98

Servicium forinsecum, 285, 442

Serviens, 118, 119

Servitium Falcationis, 519

Sextarium, Sextary, 208, 314, 338

Sextarium Vini, 190

Seym, 52, 53

Shack, 599

Sheriff Tooth, 611

Shilling Lands, 81

Ships, Boats, &c. Petit Serjeanties
relating to the providing of, 287

Shortford, 570

Sindal, 435

Skinillum, 160

Slips, 236

Smoke Silver,, 317

Soc, 291

Socage, Socagium, 374, 454

Sogges Molendini,.369

Soke, Sokeman, Sokemanry, 425

Sowthfar, 375

Bpevr,

INDEX.

XXI

Spear, «r Lance, Page 93

Spervarium Mutarium, 330

Spignruelli, 516

Spineum, 160

Stabiliamentum pro venatione, 517

Stabilitio in Sylva, 517

Stagia, 357

Standards, 89

Statmalt, 367

Steward, Lord High, Z

Stockland, 573

Storers, 576

Straw used for the King's bed, 180

Strigib', 78

Strigolum, 157

Summa Avenas, 137, 41 1

Summa Yirgarnm, 487

Suraraariiis, 264

Summoner, g30

Sur-coat, embroidered, worn by

Knights, 108
Surrey, Earldom of, 4S
Sute-Silver, 677
IJwarf-Money, 514

Tak, or Tack, 486

Tallage, 494

Talliari de certo talliagio, 498

Tanist, 610

TanistryLaw, 590

Target, or Buckler, 417

Tassum, (furcare ad), 489

Tempus Ucfensionis vel Fonnagii, 357

Tempus PJnguidtnis et Tempus Fir-

mationis, 393, 430
Tenella, or Tonella Cervisiae, 482
Terr, Husband, 370
Tessones, g49
Tbanaginm, 337
Thane, 61

Thistletac, 479, 578
Thynagium, 374

Timber waits. Page 586

Tinewald Court, 594

Todd* Herbae, 519

Toillects, 478

Toll, 486

Tolsester, 479

Tonsare, the, 465

Trcssellum, 270

Tribulum, 125

Trng-Corn, 599

Trumpet, origin of the, 117

Trusula, 133

Tutbury Minstrels, 528, 532, 536, 544

Twelfth-Day, AVassailing on, 557

Twiggcn-Bottle, 317

V. U.

Valectum, 120

Valet, 120, 121

Yambasium, 162

Vambrace, Vambraces, 100, 107, 157

Vantbrace, 107

Varlet, 120

Vas, 354

Veal-Money, 562

Veltrarius, 233

Venatio, 254, 357

Vert, 261

Veware, 351

Vexillum Peditum, 94

Villanorum Sequela, 459

Villenage Tenure, Lands held by, 464

Vinaria, 78

Virgae ferreae dactiles, 315

Virgata Terrae, 130, 304, 46i, 497

Virones, 298

Visor, 101

Vivarium, 340

Ulphus's Horn, 397, 399

Wambais, 122, 179
Wamelade, 375

Wardesilver, Page 368
Ward-penny, 312

Wardrobe, Clerk of the Great, 37
Wardrobe, the Master of the King's

Great, 37
Wardstaff, service of the, 326
Wardstaff, the Tale of tlie, 328
Warecta, 474
Warrocks, 14S
Warshot, 627
Warth, 312^ 340
Wart-penys, 186
Warwick, Earldom of, 42
Wassailing, Custom of, 567
Waynag, Wannagia, 303
Wayte-fcc, 95, 96, 98*
Wedbedrip, 497
Wedhenne, 359
Welsh, Customs of the, at Irchenfield,

as detailed in Domesday, 633
Welters, 233
Westminster, Claim of the Dean and

Chap, of, at the Corou. of K. James

IL36
Westminster, Churchwardens «f St.

Margaret's, Claim of the, at the

Coron. of K. James II. 33
Whitale, 575
Whitsun-Ale, 578
Whittle, 435

Wilfric, St. Feast of, 561
Wodehyre, 369
Wodcsilver, 453
Wodhen, 369
Womb, 107

Yard-land, 465
Yevernagium, 473
Yule, 578
Yule Clogs, 644

THE END.

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